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Donskoy Cats As a New Model of Oculocutaneous Albinism with the Identification of a Splice- Site Variant in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 Gene

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Donskoy Cats As a New Model of Oculocutaneous Albinism with the Identification of a Splice- Site Variant in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 Gene PROF. MARIE ABITBOL (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-5615-7897) Article type : Original Article Donskoy cats as a new model of oculocutaneous albinism with the identification of a splice- site variant in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 gene Running Title: Feline HPS5 splice-site variant Authors Marina Mériot1, Christophe Hitte2, Maud Rimbault2, Caroline Dufaure de Citres3, Vincent Gache4, Marie Abitbol1,4 1Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, 1 avenue Bourgelat, Marcy l’Etoile, France 2Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR-UMR 6290, Rennes, France 3Antagene, La Tour de Salvagny, France 4Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France Contact Information Marie Abitbol, VetAgro Sup, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l’Etoile, France Email address: [email protected] Abstract Accepted Article In the feline Donskoy breed, a phenotype that breeders call "pink-eye", with associated light- brown skin, yellow irises and red-eye effect, has been described. Genealogical data indicated an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A single candidate region was identified by genome-wide association study and SNP-based homozygosity mapping. Within that region, we further identified HPS5 (HPS5 Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 2 Subunit 2) as a strong candidate gene, since HPS5 variants have been identified in humans and animals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 or oculocutaneous albinism. A homozygous c.2571-1G>A acceptor splice-site variant located in intron 16 of HPS5 was identified in pink-eye cats. Segregation of the variant was 100% consistent with the inheritance pattern. Genotyping of 170 cats from 19 breeds failed to identify a single carrier in non-Donskoy cats. The c.2571-1G>A variant leads to HPS5 exon-16 splicing, that is predicted to produce a 52 amino-acids in-frame deletion in the protein. These results support an association of the pink-eye phenotype with the c.2571-1G>A variant. The pink-eye Donskoy cat extends the panel of reported HPS5 variants and offers an opportunity for in-depth exploration of the phenotypic consequences of a new HPS5 variant. Accepted Article Significance Models in large animals, rather than rodents, have proved relevant to model human conditions and to fill the gap between preclinical and clinical research. Companion animals exhibiting spontaneous disease and traits provide potential animal models to better characterize phenotypes and identify new genetic variants. Here we describe the genetic characterization of the first spontaneous model of Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome 5 in the domestic cat (Felis catus). The identification of a new variant in HPS5 will allow further study of the genotype-phenotype correlation in Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome 5. Keywords Felis catus, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5, albinism, BLOC2S2, ruby-eye 2 Acknowledgments Authors wish to thank owners and breeders for providing samples, test results and pictures, especially Kathryn Eden (Doneden cattery), Anna Kholmska (Donskoy Discovery cattery) and Jackie Gallant-Hawn for their great help. They also thank Dr Abrams and Dr Binder for the eye examination of the kitten and Diana Warwick for editing the manuscript. This work was funded by Genespoir (71VAL0419), the FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité), the LOOF [Livre Officiel des Origines Félines, the French feline studbook, (FeliSeq2)] and the scientific committee of VetAgro Sup. Feline DNA samples are part of the Feli-DNA biobank, which is part of the CRB-Anim infrastructure [ANR-11-INBS-0003, in the framework of the "Investing for the Future" program (PIA)]. Funding information This work was funded by Genespoir (71VAL0419), the FRB [Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (FeliSeq)], the LOOF [Livre Officiel des Origines Félines, the French feline studbook, (FeliSeq2)] and the scientific committee of VetAgro Sup. Feline DNA samples are part of the Feli-DNA biobank, which is part of the CRB-Anim infrastructure [ANR-11-INBS-0003, in the framework of the "Investing for the Future" program (PIA)]. Accepted Article Donskoy cats as a new model of oculocutaneous albinism with the identification of a splice- site variant in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 gene Abstract In the feline Donskoy breed, a phenotype that breeders call "pink-eye", with associated light- brown skin, yellow irises and red-eye effect, has been described. Genealogical data indicated an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A single candidate region was identified by genome-wide association study and SNP-based homozygosity mapping. Within that region, we further identified HPS5 (HPS5 Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 2 Subunit 2) as a strong candidate gene, since HPS5 variants have been identified in humans and animals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 or oculocutaneous albinism. A homozygous c.2571-1G>A acceptor splice-site variant located in intron 16 of HPS5 was identified in pink-eye cats. Segregation of the variant was 100% consistent with the inheritance pattern. Genotyping of 170 cats from 19 breeds failed to identify a single carrier in non-Donskoy cats. The c.2571-1G>A variant leads to HPS5 exon-16 splicing, that is predicted to produce a 52 amino-acids in-frame deletion in the protein. These results support an association of the pink-eye phenotype with the c.2571-1G>A variant. The pink-eye Donskoy cat extends the panel of reported HPS5 variants and offers an opportunity for in-depth exploration of the phenotypic consequences of a new HPS5 variant. Keywords Felis catus, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5, albinism, BLOC2S2, ruby-eye 2 1 Introduction Pedigree cats have been selected for aesthetic traits including coat colour, and progress has been made over the past twenty years to identify the genes involved in these traits. Initial strategies used candidate gene approaches and feline linkage maps developed at the end of the nineties. Several variants were identified by genome-wide linkage analysis, but this approach have some limitation. Individuals from large extended pedigrees need to be genotyped for the markers. Thus, classical linkage studies are often impossible to conduct in feline breeds with small size population or when a limited number of individuals exhibit the trait of interest. Tremendous progress was made in 2007 when the first cat genome sequence obtained from an Abyssinian female was published Accepted Article (Pontius et al., 2007). Additional sequencing of numerous cats let to the identification of millions of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that were then used to develop a feline SNP array, which became available in 2012 (Illumina 63K SNP array). Since this decisive breakthrough, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) became the standard method to search for genes and variants underlying feline traits. Indeed, GWAS requires fewer cases and controls, compared to linkage analyses. Finally, whole-genome sequencing became affordable. This new genomic tool allows to characterize variants by sequencing a single case and comparing it to a reference database of genomes (Gandolfi et al., 2015). By using a candidate gene strategy, five variants have been shown to cause non-syndromic complete or partial albinism in cats. All these variants lie within the TYR (tyrosinase) gene. Three variants cause temperature-sensitive tyrosinase activity with peripheral pigmentation (Lyons et al., 2005a; Schmidt-Küntzel et al., 2005; Yu et al., 2019), similar to the oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) reported in a patient in 1991 (King et al., 1991; OCA1B, OMIM: 606952). The other two alleles are loss-of-function variants that cause complete oculocutaneous albinism (Imes et al., 2006; Abitbol et al., 2017), a phenotype homologous to human OCA1A (OMIM: 203100). Seven loci are involved in non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism in humans (OCA1 to OCA7, Frederico et al., 2019). Syndromic OCA includes Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (OMIM: 214500), Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS, OMIM: 203300), Griscelli Syndrome (OMIM: 214450), Elejalde Syndrome (OMIM: 256710) and Cross Syndrome (OMIM: 257800). HPS associates OCA and various features including a bleeding diathesis, and, in some patients, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, or immunodeficiency. Variants in AP3B1 (Adaptor Related Protein Complex 3 Subunit Beta 1, HPS2), AP3D1 (AP3 Subunit Delta 1, HPS10), BLOC1S3 (Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 1 Subunit 3, HPS8), BLOC1S6 (HPS9), BLOC2S1 (Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 2 Subunit 1, HPS3), BLOC2S2 (HPS5), BLOC2S3 (HPS6), BLOC3S1 (Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 3 Subunit 1, HPS1), BLOC3S2 (HPS4) and DTNBP1 (Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1, HPS7) human genes have been identified (OMIM: 203300). HPS5 is described as a mild form of HPS since patients lack the severe complications present in other HPS, in particular pulmonary fibrosis. The typical clinical presentation includes hypopigmentation, reduced visual acuity and mild prolonged bleeding time. Accepted Article In animals, HPS5 has been described in the mouse (ruby-eye2, Zhang et al., 2003, MGI:1856144), stickleback fish (Hart et al., 2017), zebrafish (Daly et al., 2013), silkworm (Fujii et al., 2012) and drosophila (Falcón-Pérez et al., 2007, Syrzycka et al., 2007). A new coat colour was reported in 2007 in Donskoy cats in Ukraine and in 2015 in the United States of America (USA). Cats showed reduced pigmentation, yellow irises with red-eye effect under direct light, suggesting a new phenotype of OCA. The Donskoy (or Don Sphynx) is a Russian breed
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