SLAMMSymposium on Language and at Manitoba

WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE READING FLUENCY? HOW DO PEOPLE EXTRACT MEANING FROM TEXT? HOW ARE THE RULES OF GRAMMAR ACQUIRED? WHY DO PEOPLE LEARN THE MEANING OF WORDS SO QUICKLY? WHAT DO PEOPLE REMEMBER ABOUT WHAT THEY READ? HOW DOES PEOPLE’S WORLD KNOWLEDGE INFLUENCE THEIR LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION? WHAT ASPECTS OF AN EVENT ARE LIKELY TO BE FORGOTTEN? HOW DO PEOPLE KNOW WHEN THEY HAVE MET SOMEONE BEFORE? WHAT FACTORS ENABLE AN EVENT TO BE REMEMBERED IN THE FUTURE? HOW DO LIFE EXPERIENCES GUIDE THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOURS UNCONSCIOUSLY? WHAT DO WORDS MEAN? WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF ERRORS IN REMEMBERING? WHAT INTERFERES WITH VERBAL COMPREHENSION? HOW ARE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS REPRESENTED IN MEMORY?

April 12-14, 2007 Department of The University of Manitoba – Winnipeg, Canada The (Grand) SL AMM University of Manitoba

2 Short Program • Registration Opens Thursday, April 12, 2007 from 2:00 PM Table of Contents Outside Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 3 Conference Description and Acknowledgements ...... 2 • Welcoming Remarks Short Program ...... 3 Murray Singer CONFERENCE ORGANIZER Harvey Keselman HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY and Emo´´ke Szathmáry PRESIDENT, UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA Long Program ...... 4-6 Thursday, April 12, 2007 4:30 PM – 4:45 PM Presentation Abstracts and Speaker Bios ...... 6-9 Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 Poster Titles and Authors ...... 10 • Distinguished Visiting Lecture University of Manitoba Campus Map ...... 11 Dr. Walter Kintsch PROFESSOR EMERITUS, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO Thursday, April 12, 2007 4:45 PM – 6:00 PM The Grand Symposium on Language Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 and Memory at Manitoba • Reception Thursday, April 12, 2007 6:00 PM Conference Organizers: Murray Singer and Jason Leboe University Club, Pembina Hall The Department of Psychology at the University of Manitoba is pleased to present an international conference in cognition, for the examination of two important themes: language processes; • Friday Presentations and memory, with an emphasis on recognition. The language processes theme focuses on the Drs. Curt Burgess, Betty Ann Levy, Simon Dennis and Suparna Rajaram cognition of understanding spoken and written messages. The recognition memory theme Friday, April 13, 2007 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM emphasizes mechanisms that underlie people’s capacity to remember having encountered Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 a stimulus on a previous occasion. Contemporary research in these domains has experienced rapid growth and progress during recent decades and has been essential to illuminating the • Reception and Poster Session broader fields of cognition and memory. Both topics also have important practical significance. Friday, April 13, 2007 4:45 PM – 6:45 PM Fluent reading is an essential skill that people must acquire to participate fully in the modern McLuhan Room, University Centre world. The ability to recognize a previously encountered stimulus forms the basis of success in a multitude of domains, ranging from making an effective medical diagnosis to providing accurate • Banquet eyewitness testimony. The consideration of these practical issues will take place in the context of in-depth discussions of contemporary scientific problems and debates. Some examples include Friday, April 13, 2007 7:00 PM University Club, Pembina Hall the multiple levels of discourse representation, multiple processes that influence recognition, and metacognition. • Saturday Presentations The conference organizers are grateful for financial and logistical support provided by the University of Manitoba’s Drs. Jason Leboe, Lynne Reder, Valerie Reyna and Debra Long Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Science, University Teaching Services, Office of the Vice-President (Research), and the Distinguished Visiting Lectureship Program. Saturday, April 14, 2007 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 SLAMM Organizational Committee • Closing Remarks Faculty: Dr. Harvey Keselman, Dr. Todd Mondor (Poster Session Coordinator) Saturday, April 14, 2007 4:30 PM – 4:45 PM Staff: Ms. Heather Bowers, Mr. Jarod Innis, Ms. Mary Kuzmeniuk, Ms. Jill Latschislaw Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information Technology Complex E3 Graduate Students: Tamara Ansons, Lee Baugh, Lori Doan, Danielle Labossiere, Heather Tiede, Jady Wong The (Grand) SL AMM University of Manitoba

Long Program FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 2007 continued All Presentations will be held in Room 262 (Senate Chambers), Engineering & Information 2:45 PM – 3:15 PM Coffee Break Technology Complex E3. Attendees may register at tables set up outside of this room. Refreshments will be available in Room 224, 3:15 PM – 4:30 PM Suparna Rajaram, Through the Recognition Glass: Engineering & Information Technology Complex E2. Autonoesis, , and Social Influences

4:45 PM – 6:45 PM Reception and Poster Session McLuhan Hall, University Centre THURSDAY, APRIL 12, 2007 7:00 PM Banquet University Club, Pembina Hall 4 2:00 PM Registration Opens

4:30 PM – 4:45 PM Welcoming Remarks SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 2007 Murray Singer CONFERENCE ORGANIZER Harvey Keselman HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 8:30 AM – 9:00 AM Refreshments 5 Emo´´ke Szathmáry PRESIDENT, UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA 9:00 AM – 10:15 AM Jason Leboe, The Heuristic Basis of Remembering 4:45 PM – 6:00 PM Distinguished Visiting Lecture Walter Kintsch PROFESSOR EMERITUS, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO 10:15 AM – 10:45 AM Coffee Break The Construction of Meaning 10:45 AM – 12:00 PM Lynne Reder, Memory Systems do not 6:00 PM Reception University Club, Pembina Hall Divide on Consciousness

12:00 PM – 1:30 PM LUNCH

1:30 PM – 2:45 PM Valerie Reyna, Dual-Processes Models of Recognition FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 2007 and Language Processing: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory

8:30 AM – 9:00 AM Refreshments 2:45 PM – 3:15 PM Coffee Break 9:00 AM – 10:15 AM Dr. Curt Burgess, The Expanding Applicability 3:15 PM – 4:30 PM Debra Long, Assessing Comprehension with Recognition of High-Dimensional Memory and Language Models

4:30 PM – 4:45 PM Closing Remarks 10:15 AM – 10:45 AM Coffee Break

10:45 AM – 12:00 PM Dr. Betty Ann Levy, Memorial Influences on the Fluency of Text Processing

12:00 PM – 1:30 PM LUNCH

1:30 PM – 2:45 PM Simon Dennis, A Bayesian Analysis of Recognition Memory The (Grand) SL AMM University of Manitoba

Presentation Abstracts WALTER KINTSCH UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO and Speaker Bios The Construction of Meaning Statistical models of meaning, like Latent Semantic Analysis, have proven to be very useful for the study of language processing. In this paper, I review a several different algorithms for inferring word meanings from a corpus of texts. I argue that the crucial distinction among models is the nature of their input: whether they consider only word co-occurrences, or include word order UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE CURT BURGESS or syntactic information. What is stored in long-term memory is record of all the experiences The Expanding Applicability of High-Dimensional a person had with each word. However, this decontextualized record is only one component of Memory and Language Models meaning: full meaning emerges only in working memory when a word is used in context. Dr. Walter Kintsch is Professor Emeritus of Psychology and the former Director of the Institute The idea that a word is learned by the contexts in which it is used is uncontroversial. However, of at the University of Colorado in Boulder. His research focus has been on the how this process might occur was always opaque until the advent of high-dimensional memory study of how people understand language, usin th experimental methods and computational models. The thesis of this talk is that these models have more than fulfilled any promissory note. modeling techniques. Kintsch is a member of the National Academy of Education and received the They have spawned a number of related models that have been argued to either support the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association in 1992 basic contextual premises of the original models or have called such premises into question. A and an honorary doctorate from the Humboldt University in Berlin in 2001. broad range of applications of this type of model has emerged that includes deception detection, language identification, analysis of dolphin communication, essay grading, and email filtering. An overview of these models will be presented followed by a review of the latest thinking of the UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA new incarnations of high-dimensional memory models that offer new promises to the fields of JASON LEBOE and psycholinguistics, particularly with respect to higher-level language The Heuristic Basis of Remembering processing and more abstract social psychological constructs. Whittlesea and Leboe (2000) proposed that recognition judgments are based on participants’ 6 Dr. Curt Burgess received a PhD at the University of Rochester in 1991 and has been at the application of three heuristics, which they identified as the fluency, generation, and resemblance University of California, Riverside since 1992. His research on high-dimensional memory and heuristics. This presentation will discuss some recent experiments aimed at revealing the language models has been funded by the NSF, NIA, the Army Research Laboratory, and the Digital principles that determine when participants will rely on these heuristics when making recognition Media Innovation Program. In 1994, he was named a Presidential Faculty Fellow by NSF. judgments and the circumstances in which a reliance on these heuristics will be abandoned. Dr. Jason Leboe received Bachelor of Arts (1997) and Master of Arts (1999) degrees from Simon Fraser University and was awarded a PhD from McMaster University in 2002. Dr. Leboe joined the UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE 7 SIMON DENNIS Department of Psychology at the University of Manitoba as an Assistant Professor in 2002, and was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor in 2006. MICHAEL D. LEE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE

UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE ANGELA KINNELL BETTY ANN LEVY MCMASTER UNIVERSITY A Bayesian Analysis of Recognition Memory Memorial Influences on the Fluency of Text Processing We present a Bayesian method for analyzing recognition memory experiments that determines The focus of the talk is on understanding how memorial representations enable reading fluency. our confidence that a substantive proportion of participants are best captured by an error-only We use a rereading paradigm to explore the levels of text representation that are recruited to or an error-plus-effect model. Consequently, positive evidence for the null hypothesis can be facilitate faster, more fluent rereading. Using Raney’s (2003) context-dependent representational attained and conclusions cannot be driven by a minority of participants. Sample sizes need not model, experiments explored the influence of representation at the level of the situation model be fixed in advance and the method is safe when Ns are small. We use the method to demonstrate on recruitment of representations at the surface and text propositional levels, when these are the null list length effect in recognition memory. encountered in related and new contexts. Dr. Simon Dennis received his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Queensland in Dr. Betty Ann Levy received her Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1969. She joined the 1994 and then held a series of appointments in the School of Psychology. In 2002, he became faculty at McMaster University in 1970, where she is now a Professor and departmental Chair. Her a research professor at the University of Colorado before taking up his current post at the research has focused on processes involved in fluent reading and on the development of reading University of Adelaide. His primary interests are in memory and language processes with a skill during the elementary school years. particular emphasis on computational modeling. The (Grand) SL AMM University of Manitoba

DEBRA LONG UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, AND UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE VALERIE REYNA CORNELL UNIVERSITY Assessing Comprehension with Recognition Dual-Processes Models of Recognition and Language Processing: Dual process models of recognition memory were used to derive predictions about the influence A Fuzzy-Trace Theory of prior knowledge on text memory. Findings suggest that prior knowledge (a) increases Research shows that verbatim and gist are encoded, stored, and retrieved in parallel, recollection, but not familiarity, (b) increases source memory, (c) increases memory for irrelevant contradicting semantic integration predictions. Dual representations account for schematic detail immediately, but not at a delay, (d) increases confidence in memory for irrelevant detail memory effects, such as false recognition in sentence verification tasks, as well as seemingly both immediately and at a delay, and (e) the relation between prior knowledge and recollection conflicting findings (e.g., that verbatim memories remain accessible). Hence, fuzzy-trace theory is mediated by reading skill. subsumes contradictory findings from constructivist (i.e. schema memory) and learning theory Dr. Debra Long studies the nature of text comprehension and reading ability. Her goals are to traditions. In inferential remembering, these processes work at cross-purposes, necessitating specify the processes involved in understanding a text, to understand how these processes differ the use of formal models, such as conjoint recognition, that disentangle opponent processes in across readers, and to identify the neural correlates of text comprehension. She has served on recognition for different ages groups and for sentences and stories, in addition to word lists. several editorial boards and is currently an Associate Editor of Psychological Bulletin. Dr. Valerie F. Reyna is Professor of Human Development, Psychology, and Cognitive Science at Cornell University, and Co-director of the Center for Behavioral and Decision Research. A Rockefeller University PhD, her research concerns memory, judgment, and decision making. She SUPARNA RAJARAM STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, STONEY BROOK is a fellow of AAAS, APA, and APS, and Associate Editor for Psychological Science. Through the Recognition Glass: Autonoesis, Amnesia, and Social Influences Suparna Rajaram will discuss her research findings on distinct but related topics that include, on one hand, the nature of largely internal states related to Tulving’s concept of autonoesis and, on the other hand, the role of largely external factors such as group interactions on memory performance. Rajaram will focus on the use of recognition memory as a probe for investigating the factors that influence the subjective experience of Remembering and its status in amnesia. Finally, she will discuss a new line of research where she is exploring the influence of group processes on individual recognition memory. Dr. Suparna Rajaram (PhD, Rice University) is Professor of Psychology at and conducts research on human memory and amnesia. She is currently a member of the Governing Board of the Psychonomic Society and the Chair of the Society’s Publications Committee. She has previously served as Associate Editor of Memory & Cognition (1998-2001), Associate Editor of Psychological Bulletin (2003-2005), and will begin her term as Associate Editor of Psychological Science in January 2007. Dr. Rajaram is one of three founding members of the Women in Cognitive Science group. 8 LYNNE REDER CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Memory Systems do not Divide on Consciousness In this talk I will discuss a dual process theory of recognition memory that argues for a familiarity and recollection based component. Such a view is not controversial, but I will also propose that 9 repetition priming is integral to the system that supports recognition, and that perception and memory are very closely aligned because they share the same representational structures. I will present behavioral, computational, neuro-imaging and psychopharmacological evidence that supports the theoretical framework I advance and conclude that memory systems do not divide on consciousness. Dr. Lynne Reder is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in psychology, the Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, and the Human Computer Interaction Institute. She graduated in 1972 from Stanford and obtained a doctorate in 1976 from the University of Michigan. She then studied at Yale with Abelson and Schank on an NIMH postdoctoral fellowship. In 1978, she moved to CMU where she has remained. The (Grand) SL AMM University of Manitoba

Poster Titles and Authors University of Manitoba Campus Map *The Poster Session will take place on Friday, April 13, 2007, from 4:45 PM – 6:45 PM in the Marshall McLuhan Room of University Centre.

The impact of prior memory representations on the processing of new text. 1 Matt Collins & Betty Ann Levy Impact of stress on caregiver learning and memory. 2 Ursula Wiprzycka, Corey Mackenzie, Lynn Hasher, & David Goldstein Psychology Aptness is more important than frequency in preference for metaphor and similes. Department 3 Carlos Roncero, Roberto de Almeida, Ron Rmyth, & John M. Kennedy Optimizing HAL parameter space for predicting lexical access. 4 Cyrus Shaoul & Chris Westbury Categorization influences on the other-sex effect. 5 Michelle Corcoran & John R. Vokey

Feelings of knowing for answering general knowledge questions. Posters; Friday’s Banquet Friday’s Friday’s Lunch Friday’s

6 Heather Tiede & Murray Singer Reception; Thursday’s Mood and the perception and memory of faces. 7 Jolene Kinley & John R. Vokey Registration The effect of prime distractor fluency on negative priming Snacks; Talks; 8 depends on probe target fluency. Danielle Labossière & Jason P. Leboe The influence of processing matches and mismatches 9 on explicit recognition memory. Lori A. Doan, Heather A. Finnegan, & Jason P. Leboe Children’s impressions of verbal irony are related to their concerns for politeness. 10 Melanie Glenwright & Penny M. Pexman Item-specific control of task-switch costs. 11 Jady Wong, Kailyn Stobbe, Matt Crump, & Jason P. Leboe Fluency contrast effects on recognition judgements. 12 Tamara L. Ansons, G. Amy Vanderhooft, & Jason P. Leboe Distinctive events can cause forgetting. 13 Lauren Unik, Jason P. Leboe, & Heather Tiede Orthographic and morphological awareness in early reading acquisition 14 Richard Kruk & Deborah Baschuk 10 The impact of visual and phonological ability on early reading acquisition. 15 Deborah Alby & Richard Kruk A not so transparant shift: Morphological awareness predicts more than decoding. 16 Ashly Petrasko & Richard Kruk 11 SL AMM

ONE UNIVERSITY. MANY FUTURES.

http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/psychology/language_memory_conference/