Has Catalonia Declared Independence from Spain
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El Foc Que Il·Lumina Els Països Catalans La Nit De Sant Joan
El foc que il·lumina els Països Catalans la nit de Sant Joan #FlamaExili www.flama.cat www.flama.cat La Flama del Canigó 2018 JORDI CUIXART, LA VEU DE LA FLAMA 2018 Un dels elements que donen personalitat al ritual de la Flama del Canigó és la lectura del missatge que, juntament amb el foc baixat del cim del Canigó, és l’element comú que agermana totes les enceses. Aquest any, els equips de foc han triat que sigui el president d’Òmnium Cultural, Jordi Cuixart, qui posi paraules al missatge de la Flama. Avui renovem la Flama gràcies al compromís la festa i la màgia de la nit de Sant Joan. La cultura granític de la societat civil, l’autèntic motor d’un sempre ha estat una eina de transformació social. poble sempre en moviment. Un agraïment infinit a totes les entitats que la fan possible. La cultura amara ciutats, barris i pobles definits per una diversitat que ens enriqueix i ens fa més La Flama del Canigó que agermana els Països forts, per un país que no demana pels orígens sinó Catalans és un símbol d’esperança en el futur. Ens per on volem anar plegats. Convençuts que si els demostra la capacitat del poble català d’unir-se en infants creixen junts a l’escola, romandran junts moments difícils i anar sempre endavant. Com el al carrer i units com a societat; convençuts que el 1966, quan, malgrat la dictadura franquista, la Flama camí l’hem de fer junts i tindrà sentit si decidim va arribar per primer cop al Principat de Catalunya. -
Hispanic-Americans and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar History Theses and Dissertations History Spring 2020 INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Carlos Nava [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_etds Recommended Citation Nava, Carlos, "INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939)" (2020). History Theses and Dissertations. 11. https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_etds/11 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Approved by: ______________________________________ Prof. Neil Foley Professor of History ___________________________________ Prof. John R. Chávez Professor of History ___________________________________ Prof. Crista J. DeLuzio Associate Professor of History INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of Dedman College Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History by Carlos Nava B.A. Southern Methodist University May 16, 2020 Nava, Carlos B.A., Southern Methodist University Internationalism in the Barrios: Hispanic-Americans in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Advisor: Professor Neil Foley Master of Art Conferred May 16, 2020 Thesis Completed February 20, 2020 The ripples of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) had a far-reaching effect that touched Spanish speaking people outside of Spain. -
El Delito De Sedición Y El Derecho a La Protesta
THE CRIME OF SEDITION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST How the crime of sedition affects the fundamental right of assembly and the freedom to demonstrate The crime of sedition in European Criminal Comparative Law The cooperative Red Jurídica is a law firm based in Madrid. But we are much more than that. We are, first and foremost, people committed to the reality of our environment, seeking social transformation and involved in different causes, asso- ciations and groups. We are citizens, neighbors, daughters, sons, parents, sisters, brothers and friends. Red Jurídica (which means “legal network” in Spanish) is a gathering of people united by our critical involvement in social justice issues and by the critical way we work our craft: by using solidarity and the Law as a means of transforming our reality and understanding the social aspects of our context until we can finally change it for better. The content of this report is the sole responsability of the cooperative Red Jurídica and may not reflect the opinion of the Catalan Government. Authors: Daniel Amelang López, Eric Sanz de Bremond Arnulf and Alejandro Gámez Selma. Published on November, 2020. Design and layout: Pedro López Andradas. Review: Fernando Alonso Martín. Translation into English: Beatriz García Marín, David Amelang López and Daniel Amelang López. Translation into catalán: Montserrat Feliu. Cover photograph: Víctor Serri. Contents 1. PREAMBLE ........................................................................... 5 2. THE SUPREME COURT RULING 459/2019, OF OCTOBER 14TH: THE -
Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings
Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings Jeffre INTRODUCTION tricks for success in doing African studies research3. One of the challenges of studying ethnic Several sections of the article touch on subject head- groups is the abundant and changing terminology as- ings related to African studies. sociated with these groups and their study. This arti- Sanford Berman authored at least two works cle explains the Library of Congress subject headings about Library of Congress subject headings for ethnic (LCSH) that relate to ethnic groups, ethnology, and groups. His contentious 1991 article Things are ethnic diversity and how they are used in libraries. A seldom what they seem: Finding multicultural materi- database that uses a controlled vocabulary, such as als in library catalogs4 describes what he viewed as LCSH, can be invaluable when doing research on LCSH shortcomings at that time that related to ethnic ethnic groups, because it can help searchers conduct groups and to other aspects of multiculturalism. searches that are precise and comprehensive. Interestingly, this article notes an inequity in the use Keyword searching is an ineffective way of of the term God in subject headings. When referring conducting ethnic studies research because so many to the Christian God, there was no qualification by individual ethnic groups are known by so many differ- religion after the term. but for other religions there ent names. Take the Mohawk lndians for example. was. For example the heading God-History of They are also known as the Canienga Indians, the doctrines is a heading for Christian works, and God Caughnawaga Indians, the Kaniakehaka Indians, (Judaism)-History of doctrines for works on Juda- the Mohaqu Indians, the Saint Regis Indians, and ism. -
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
___________________________________________________________________ Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Application against Spain by Carles Puigdemont, President-Elect of Catalonia Lodged 1 March 2018 __________________________________________________________________ PUIGDEMONT -v- SPAIN SUMMARY: In this application Mr. Carles PUIGDEMONT alleges that Spain is guilty of violating its international treaty obligations through the cumulative imposition of disproportionate and unjustified restrictions with the exercise of his political rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”). Spain is a State Party to both treaties. It is also a signatory, without relevant reservations, to the Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which provides for the right of individual petition. Spain has not notified any relevant derogation to the provisions of the ICCPR which thus remain fully in force. It is legally bound by treaty obligation to secure the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the ICCPR, throughout the territory of Spain, and to all those who fall within its jurisdiction. Mr. PUIGDEMONT brings this individual petition to the United Nations Human Rights Committee in order to vindicate his right to stand for elections (article 25, ICCPR); his right to freedom of association with other secessionist politicians and political parties in pursuit of a common goal of securing independence from Spain for Catalonia (article 22, ICCPR); and his right to freedom of peaceful political expression in support of the cause of independence for Catalonia (article 19, ICCPR). He invites the Committee to hold that these rights have been violated by cumulative and continuing conduct of the Kingdom of Spain. -
Spain Case Study 2
https://arisa-project.eu/ THE “PROCESS” Spain CONTENTS Section One Key facts of the case Section Two Applicable law This document was funded by the European Union’s Justice Section Three Programme (2014-2020) Criminal proceedings The content of this document represents the views of the authors only and is their sole Section Four responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any Disclosure of information responsibility for use that may be made of the information it Section Five contains. Media coverage Section Six Impact on the suspect or accused person and on the general public opened a case for sedition against Jordi Sanchez Key facts of the and Jordi Cuixart. On 16 September, both were arrested for these events and were remanded in case custody. From the moment the facts were made public, On 6 and 7 September 2017, the Parliament of the case received significant media attention, Catalonia approved by majority two autonomous which increased even further during the trial. laws that empowered the Government of The strategy of the defence was based on Catalonia to call a referendum on the alleging that the sexual relations had been independence of the region and, in the case of a consensual, contrasting the victim's testimony Yes victory, to effectuate independence. On 7 with, among other means, an expert report September, the Catalan Government of the resulting from monitoring of the victim in the Generalitat signed the decree calling for the months following the complaint and analysis of referendum on 1 October. However, a few hours her activity on social networks. -
Auto 12.04.2018 Jordi Sánchez
CAUSA ESPECIAL/20907/2017 CAUSA ESPECIAL núm.: 20907/2017 Instructor: Excmo. Sr. D. Pablo Llarena Conde Letrada de la Administración de Justicia: Ilma. Sra. Dña. María Antonia Cao Barredo TRIBUNAL SUPREMO Sala de lo Penal Auto núm. / Excmo. Sr. Magistrado Instructor D. Pablo Llarena Conde En Madrid, a 12 de abril de 2018. Ha sido Instructor el Excmo. Sr. D. Pablo Llarena Conde. ANTECEDENTES DE HECHO PRIMERO.- Con fecha 4 de diciembre de 2017 este instructor acordó, entre otros extremos: "Mantener la medida cautelar de PRISIÓN PROVISIONAL, COMUNICADA Y SIN FIANZA acordada en las Diligencias Previas 82/2017, de las del Juzgado de Instrucción Central nº 3 e incorporadas a esta causa especial , respecto de D. ORIOL JUNQUERAS I VIES, D. JOAQUIM FORN I CHIARIELLO, D. JORDI SÁNCHEZ PICANYOL Y D. JORDI CUIXART NAVARRO. ". 1 CAUSA ESPECIAL/20907/2017 SEGUNDO. por auto de 21 de marzo de 2018 se dicta auto declarando procesados a, entre otros, Jordi Sánchez Pincanyol, por presunto delito de rebelión del artículo 472 y concordantes del Código Penal, manteniendo la medida cautelar del prisión provisional respecto del citado. TERCERO.- Por escrito fechado el 26 de marzo de 2018, la representación del procesado por esta causa Jordi Sánchez Picanyol solicita: "que de conformidad con el requerimiento formulado por la resolución del Comité de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas de 23/03/2018 proceda, a la mayor brevedad, al pleno restablecimiento de los derechos políticos de mi mandante Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol, incluido su derecho a acceder a la presidencia de la Generalitat de Catalunya". Acompaña al citado escrito tres documentos en inglés. -
Catalonia at the Crossroads
Catalonia at the Crossroads A talk with the president of the Government of Catalonia Columbia University, April, 8, 2015 INTRODUCTION Good evening. Thank you for coming. It is a great honor for me to be at one of America’s finest universities. I would like to thank Mr. François Carrel-Billiard and the staff of Columbia’s European Institute for making that possible. I would also like to thank Columbia’s own Professor Xavier Sala i Martín, who you should know is also one of Catalonia’s own, for such a kind introduction. I am grateful to Professor José Moya for moderating the discussions later and, of course, I must thank the staff of Catalonia’s Delegation in the United States who have worked so hard in the background to make today happen. After my talk here tonight, I will make a stop at St. Paul’s Chapel, which features beautiful vaulting in intricate patterns designed by another of Catalonia’s own, Rafael Guastavino, whose work can also been seen at Grand Central Station, Carnegie Hall, and the Great Hall on Ellis Island. Mr. Guastavino trained as an architect in Barcelona and when he emigrated to the US in 1881 he brought Catalonia’s ancient techniques here and left his stamp on your lovely campus and the City of New York! As the title of my speech here tonight says, we have reached a crossroads in our long history. In a few months the Catalan people will vote in plebiscitary elections to decide if we stay in Spain or whether we move towards independence. -
First Opinion (Translation from Spanish)
A/HRC/WGAD/2019 Advance Non-Edited Version Distr.: General 27 May 2019 Original: Spanish Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinion No. 6/2019, concerning Jordi Cuixart i Navarro, Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol and Oriol Junqueras i Vies (Spain) 1. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention was established in resolution 1991/42 of the Commission on Human Rights. In its resolution 1997/50, the Commission extended and clarified the mandate of the Working Group. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 60/251 and Human Rights Council decision 1/102, the Council assumed the mandate of the Commission. The Council most recently extended the mandate of the Working Group for a three-year period in its resolution 33/30. 2. In accordance with its methods of work (A/HRC/36/38), on 8 August 2018, the Working Group transmitted to the Government of Spain a communication concerning Messrs Jordi Cuixart i Navarro, Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol and Oriol Junqueras i Vies. After requesting an extension to the response period, the Government responded to the allegations on 8 November 2018. The State is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 3. The Working Group regards the deprivation of liberty as arbitrary in the following cases: (a) When it is clearly impossible to invoke any legal basis justifying the deprivation of liberty (as when a person is kept in detention after the completion of his or her sentence or despite an amnesty law applicable to him or her) (category I); (b) When the deprivation of liberty results -
EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform Calls for the Release of Catalan Political Prisoners
EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform calls for the release of Catalan political prisoners The EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform, as a group of MEPs that works to achieve a democratic solution and a respectful dialogue between the Spanish and the Catalan governments, calls for the urgent release of Catalan political prisoners and expresses its total rejection and disagreement regarding the situation they are facing in jail. The platform will submit a new request to visit the prison after penitentiary officers denied them entry last 19th December of 2017. Oriol Junqueras, Joaquim Forn, Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sànchez are accused of serious charges such as sedition, rebellion and are facing long prison sentences of up to 30 years. In the Spanish Constitution, as in other democratic constitutions, these charges must involve the active use of violence. It is evident that, in the Catalan case, violence has not been present at any moment of this democratic political process. Indeed, Diego López Garrido, the drafter of the Constitutional article that describes the crime of rebellion, declared that “it can’t be applied to the Catalan case due to the lack of violence”. The platform wants to highlight that the only evidence of violence has come from the side of the Spanish Government, led by Mr Mariano Rajoy, during the 1st of October. According to Amnesty International, the Policía Nacional and Guardia Civil, under the command of the Ministry of Interior, used excessive force against peaceful people leaving more than 1.000 people injured. Thus, we strongly believe that the four inmates are political prisoners and they are being punished for their political and democratic convictions. -
Spain: Recent Developments in Catalonia from 1 October
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC STATEMENT 17 November 2017 AI Index: EUR 41/7473/2017 Spain: Recent developments in Catalonia from 1 October The excessive use of force by police on 1st October On the 1st October, Amnesty International observed that law enforcement officials resorted to excessive use of force against voters, peaceful protesters, and individuals who were obstructing a lawful police operation ordered by the High Court of Justice of Catalonia (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Cataluña) to prevent the referendum on the independence from being held. Amnesty International also documented instances where law enforcement officials resorted to a dangerous and inappropriate use of riot control equipment. These include the use of rubber balls by officers of the National Police at the junction of Calle Sardenya and Calle Diputación, in Barcelona. One person suffered serious injuries, and lost the vision in his right eye after a rubber ball was fired at him. The organization also documented the use of riot control equipment and excessive force against people who wanted to cast their vote at the referendum and did not pose any threat to law enforcement officials. For instance, an officer of the National Police hit a woman in front of the Escuela Mediterrània in the Barceloneta district of Barcelona without any apparent reason as she was peacefully waiting to cast her vote. Moreover, Amnesty International documented the inappropriate use of chemical irritants in the village of Aiguaviva, Girona. A Civil Guard agent fired a hand-held spray directly against peaceful individuals who were passively resisting the police operation aimed at seizing the ballot boxes. -
1. L'empresonament Dels Consellers De La
1. L’EMPRESONAMENT DELS CONSELLERS DE LA GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA 2. ENLLAC DE L’AUTO D’EMPRESONAMENT DELS CONSELLERS DE LA GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA (pdf) 1.1. La jutge envia a presó mig Govern i veu el Procés com un pla delictiu La repressió de l’Estat va superar ahir un nou límit. El govern de la Generalitat escollit a les eleccions del 27 de setembre del 2015 ha passat aquesta nit entre reixes o a l’exili. Mentre el president, Carles Puigdemont, i quatre consellers més són a Brussel·les, la jutge de l’Audiència Nacional Carmen Lamela va decretar ahir presó incondicional per al vicepresident, Oriol Junqueras, i per als set consellers que ahir van acudir a la cita: Carles Mundó, Jordi Turull, Josep Rull, Raül Romeva, Joaquim Forn, Dolors Bassa i Meritxell Borràs L’únic que en podrà sortir aviat és qui fins fa una setmana va ser titular d’Empresa, Santi Vila, a qui la magistrada diferencia per haver dimitit just abans de la declaració d’independència: avui recuperarà la llibertat amb una fiança de 50.000 euros. Els consellers havien arribat a l’Audiència escridassats per grups hostils i aclamats -excepte Vila- per representants del PDECat i ERC que els esperaven a la llunyania, sense poder avançar més pel dispositiu policial. Tots ells van passar per davant de la jutge Lamela, que els havia citat menys de 24 hores abans i que va rebutjar ajornar les declaracions. Molt diferent va ser l’actitud del magistrat Pablo Llarena, que uns metres més enllà, a la seu del Suprem, jutjava els membres de la mesa, als quals sí que va donar una setmana més perquè considerava que citant-los amb només un dia d’antelació es vulnerava el dret de defensa.