DOCSLIB.ORG

Jan Thinobacterium Agaricidamnosum S P. N Ov., a Soft Rot Pathogen of Agaricus Bisporus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jan Thinobacterium Agaricidamnosum S P. N Ov., a Soft Rot Pathogen of Agaricus Bisporus International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1 999), 49, 1577-1 589 Printed in Great Britain Jan thinobacterium agaricidamnosum s p. nov., a soft rot pathogen of Agaricus bisporus Steven P. Lincoln,' Terence R. Fermor' and B. J. Tindall* Author for correspondence : Steven P. Lincoln. Tel : + 44 1789 470382. Fax : + 44 1789 470552. e-mail: [email protected] ~~ Horticulture Research A novel bacterium has been found that causes a soft rot disease of Agaricus International, bisporus, the cultivated mushroom. It has been characterized using nutritional, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire, UK physiological, chemical and molecular techniques. Based on these data, it was shown to have many characteristics in common with members of the genus 2 DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Janthinobacterium. Despite similarities to the only described species within Mikroorganismen und this genus, Janthinobacterium lividurn, there were a number of differences Zellkulturen GmbH, between the mushroom pathogen isolated and this species. Despite the high Braunschweig, Germany degree of genotypic similarity between members of the genus Janthinobacterium and Herbaspirilhm, as evidenced by DNA-RNA hybridization, and the high degree of 165 rDNA sequence similarity between members of the genera Janthinobacterium, Herbaspirillurn, Oxalobacter and Duganella, as well as the generically misnamed Pseudomonas lemoignei, it was possible to show that members of the genus Janthinobacterium could be easily distinguished from these taxa. The data also indicated that the mushroom pathogenic strains represent a novel species within the genus Janthinobacterium for which the name Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany, as DSM 9628' and at the National Collection of Plant- pathogenic bacteria, UK, as NCPPB 3945'. To aid practical control of the disease, the effect of the relative humidity on symptom expression on Agaricus bisporus was determined. Keywords : Jan thinobacter iunz agaricidamnosum, Agaricus b isporus pat hogen, taxonomy, 16s rDNA sequence, chemotaxonomy INTRODUCTION The symptoms are similar to those of rapid rot of Agaricus bitorquis, grown at a higher temperature A soft rot disease has caused localized devastation of a (28 "C), which is caused by Burkholderia gladioli pv. crop of Agaricus bisporus (Sinden Hauser 3.Q a brown agaricicola (Lincoln et al., 1991). The causal organism strain of the cultivated mushroom, on a farm in of the new A. bisporus disease has been isolated and southern England. Some mushrooms dissolved com- characterized using a combination of phenotypic pletely in siiu within 2 d of symptoms becoming (standard biochemical and nutritional bacteriological apparent. Other, less dramatic, symptoms included tests in harness with chemical profiling) and genotypic pitting and sticky blotches on the mushroom cap (G+C base composition of total genomic DNA, surface. Disease outbreaks showing similar symptoms, DNA-DNA hybridization and 16s rDNA sequence have been reported from cave farms in France and analysis) techniques. A high degree of similarity was with increasing frequency from British mushroom established between members of the genera Janthino- farms. bacterium, Oxalobacter, Duganella and Herba- spirillum, together with the generically misnamed ................................................................................................................................................ .. species Pseudomonas lemoignei, as evidenced by Abbreviation: RH, relative humidity. DNA-RNA hybridization studies and 16s rDNA The EMBL accession number for the 165 rDNA sequence of Janthino- sequence analysis. On the basis of this information, it bacterium agaricidamnosum sp. nov. is Y08845. was necessary to consider, together with phenotypic 01072 0 1999 IUMS 1577 S. P. Lincoln, T. R. Fermor and B. J. Tindall data, whether the genus Janthinobacteriurn should be isolates were stored freeze-dried and in liquid nitrogen. expanded to include those members of the genera Working cultures were subcultured weekly. listed above. The use of whole-cell fatty acid analysis Characterization and identification of the causal organism. was found particularly useful for distinguishing Test organisms were subjected to a number of biochemical members of the genus Janthinobacterium from other, tests (Gerhardt et al., 1981; Lelliott & Stead, 1987). All closely related genera. The mushroom pathogenic strains were subjected to biochemical testing in the API strains could be shown to be members of the genus 20NE, API 50CH and the BIOLOG GN microtitre plate based on 16s rDNA sequence and systems. All strains were pre-cultivated on nutrient agar for Janthinobacteriurn 24 h at 28 "C and resuspended in the appropriate test media fatty acid analysis. However, DNA-DNA hybrid- according to the manufacturer's instructions. ization and comparative biochemical studies of these isolates and members of the species Janthino- Chemical characterization.All strains of the genera Janthino- indicated that the mushroom bacterium and Herbaspirillurn used in the present chemo- bacterium lividum taxonomic study were grown in nutrient broth at 28 "C for pathogens constitute a novel species within the genus 24 h, shaken at 100 r.p.m. on an orbital shaker. Cells were Janthinobacterium. In the light of these findings, it was harvested by centrifugation at 10000 r.p.m. for 20 min. Cell considered appropriate to emend the description of the pellets were freeze-dried and the dried material was stored at genus Jan thinobacteriurn. -20 "C until used for the analyses. On the basis of the taxonomic study, further studies on Whole-cell fatty acid analysis (Moss et al., 1980) of the new the pathogenicity of the members of the genus pathogenic isolates was performed at MAFF Central Science Janthinobacteriurn were undertaken. A small mush- Laboratory (CSL), Harpenden, UK, as in Lincoln et al. room crop was grown to investigate environmental (1991), and at the DSMZ Braunschweig, Germany (all effects on symptom expression and to check anecdotal strains), where methods were employed which allowed evidence that brown Agaricus strains were more selective hydrolysis of ester- and amide-linked fatty acids (B. J. Tindall, unpublished results). susceptible to the pathogen than white strains. The bacterial diseases normally associated with mush- Extractionand analysis of respiratory lipoquinonesand polar rooms are brown blotch, caused by Pseudornonas lipids. Respiratory lipoquinones and polar lipids were (Paine, 19 19) ; ginger blotch, caused by extracted from 100 mg freeze-dried material using the two- tolaasii stage method described by Tindall (1990a, b). ' Pseudornonas gingeri' (Wong et al., 1982), and drippy gill, caused by Pseudornonas agarici (Young, 1970). Respiratory lipoquinones were separated into their different This is the first bacterial disease of A. bisporus to be classes (menaquinones and ubiquinones) by TLC ; UV- caused by a species of the genus Janthinobacteriurn. absorbing bands, corresponding to menaquinones or ubiquinones, were removed from the plate and analysed Other species bacterial mushrooms causing diseases of further by HPLC as described by Tindall (1990a, b). which are not members of the genus Pseudomonas are B. gladioli pv. agaricicola (Lincoln et al., 1991) and Polar lipids were separated by two-dimensional silica gel Ewingella americana (internal stipe necrosis) (Inglis et TLC (Macherey-Nagel) as described by Tindall (1990a, b). Total lipid material was detected using dodecamolybdo- 1996). al., phosphoric acid and specific functional groups were detected using Zinzadze reagent (phosphate), ninhydrin (free amino METHODS groups), periodate-Schiff (a-glycols), Dragendorff (quat- Bacterial cultures. Species and strains of bacteria compared ernary nitrogen), anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid (glycolipids) in this study are listed in Table 1. and a-naphthol-sulphuric acid (glycolipids). Samples of diseased mushroom tissue were transferred Resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance of the mush- aseptically to sterile quarter-strength Ringer's solution and a room pathogenic strains and the J. lividum strains was tested ten-fold dilution series was inoculated onto Pseudomonas on plates of Iso-sensitest agar (Oxoid) pre-inoculated with agar F (PAF; Merck) and nutrient agar (Oxoid) and the test organism and dried. Antimicrobial susceptibility test incubated at 25 "C for 24 h. Single colonies were isolated discs (Oxoid) were placed on the agar surface. These included from the dilution plates using a sterile wire and streaked penicillin G (10 pg disc), vancomycin (30 pg disc), erythro- onto plates of the appropriate agar and cultured at 25 "C. mycin (1 5 pg disc), streptomycin (10 pg disc), tetracycline Each isolate was 'white line tested ' for identity as P. tolaasii (30 pg disc) and nalidixic acid (30 pg disc). The plates were (Wong & Preece, 1979), tested on mushroom tissue blocks as then incubated at 25 "C for 48 h. If the area surrounding a an initial pathogenicity test (Gandy, 1968) and plated onto disc was free from bacterial growth, it was recorded that the Pseudomonas isolation agar (PIA ; Difco). Two isolates organism was sensitive to that antibiotic. produced severe symptoms; these were designated W lr3T DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 165 rDNA. (= NCPPB 3945T= DSM 9628T)and C1b4 (= NCPPB 3965) Genomic DNA extraction, PCR-mediated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • First Complete Genome Sequences of Janthinobacterium Lividum EIF1 And
    First Complete Genome Sequences of Janthinobacterium lividum EIF1 and EIF2 and their Comparative Genome Analysis Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gbe/evaa148/5870831 by University of Economics and Business Administration user on 31 July 2020 Ines Friedrich1#, Jacqueline Hollensteiner1#* Dominik Schneider1, Anja Poehlein1, Robert Hertel2, and Rolf Daniel1 1 Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 2 FG Synthetic Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany. # contributed equally, shared co-first authorship *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jacqueline Hollensteiner, Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Phone: +49- 551-3933833, Fax: +49-551-3912181, Email: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non‐Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc/4.0/), which permits non‐commercial re‐use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re‐use, please contact [email protected] 1 Abstract Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gbe/evaa148/5870831 by University of Economics and Business Administration user on 31 July 2020 We present the first two complete genomes of the Janthinobacterium lividum species, namely strains EIF1 and EIF2, which both possess the ability to synthesize violacein. The violet pigment violacein is a secondary metabolite with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumoral properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Interaction of Janthinobacterium Sp. SLB01 and Flavobacterium Sp
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Cooperative Interaction of Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 and Flavobacterium sp. SLB02 in the Diseased Sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis Ivan Petrushin 1,2,* , Sergei Belikov 1 and Lubov Chernogor 1 1 Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (L.C.) 2 Faculty of Business Communication and Informatics, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk 664033, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 25 October 2020; Published: 30 October 2020 Abstract: Endemic freshwater sponges (demosponges, Lubomirskiidae) dominate in Lake Baikal, Central Siberia, Russia. These sponges are multicellular filter-feeding animals that represent a complex consortium of many species of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In recent years, mass disease and death of Lubomirskia baicalensis has been a significant problem in Lake Baikal. The etiology and ecology of these events remain unknown. Bacteria from the families Flavobacteriaceae and Oxalobacteraceae dominate the microbiomes of diseased sponges. Both species are opportunistic pathogens common in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of our study was to analyze the genomes of strains Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 and Flavobacterium sp. SLB02, isolated from diseased sponges to identify the reasons for their joint dominance. Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 attacks other cells using a type VI secretion system and suppresses gram-positive bacteria with violacein, and regulates its own activity via quorum sensing. It produces floc and strong biofilm by exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and PEP-CTERM/XrtA protein expression. Flavobacterium sp. SLB02 utilizes the fragments of cell walls produced by polysaccharides. These two strains have a marked difference in carbohydrate acquisition.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing Proteases in an Antarctic Janthinobacterium Sp
    • Article • Advances in Polar Science doi: 10.13679/j.advps.2015.1.00088 March 2015 Vol. 26 No. 1: 88-95 Characterizing proteases in an Antarctic Janthinobacterium sp. isolate: Evidence of a protease horizontal gene transfer event Cecilia Martinez-Rosales1,2☆, Juan José Marizcurrena1☆, Andrés Iriarte3,4,5☆, Natalia Fullana1, Héctor Musto5 & Susana Castro-Sowinski1,2* 1 Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay; 2 Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE). Av Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; 3 Dpto de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana and Dpto de Genómica (IIBCE); 4 Dpto de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR; 5 Laboratorio de Organización y Evolución del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR Received 5 August 2014; accepted 6 January 2015 Abstract We report the isolation of a cold-adapted bacterium belonging to the genus Janthinobacterium (named AU11), from a water sample collected in Lake Uruguay (King George Island, South Shetlands). AU11 (growth between 4°C and 30°C) produces a single cold-active extracellular protease (ExPAU11), differentially expressed at low temperature. ExPAU11 was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) as an alkaline metallo-protease (70% coverage with an extracellular protease of Janthinobacterium sp. PI12), and by protease-inhibitor screening identified as a serine-protease. To the best of our knowledge this is the first experimental evidence of a cold-active extracellular protease produced by Janthinobacterium. Furthermore, we identified a serine-protease gene (named JSP8A) showing 60% identity (98% ☆ query coverage) to subtilisin peptidases belonging to the S8 family (S8A subfamily) of many cyanobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Potential Use of an Antarctic Variant of Janthinobacterium Lividum for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance in A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Investigating the potential use of an Antarctic variant of Janthinobacterium lividum for Received: 18 February 2018 Accepted: 2 October 2018 tackling antimicrobial resistance in Published: xx xx xxxx a One Health approach Andreea Baricz1, Adela Teban2, Cecilia Maria Chiriac1, Edina Szekeres1, Anca Farkas2, Maria Nica3,4, Amalia Dascălu3, Corina Oprișan3, Paris Lavin 5 & Cristian Coman1 The aim of this paper is to describe a new variant of Janthinobacterium lividum - ROICE173, isolated from Antarctic snow, and to investigate the antimicrobial efect of the crude bacterial extract against 200 multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria of both clinical and environmental origin, displaying various antibiotic resistance patterns. ROICE173 is extremotolerant, grows at high pH (5.5–9.5), in high salinity (3%) and in the presence of diferent xenobiotic compounds and various antibiotics. The best violacein yield (4.59 ± 0.78 mg·g−1 wet biomass) was obtained at 22 °C, on R2 broth supplemented with 1% glycerol. When the crude extract was tested for antimicrobial activity, a clear bactericidal efect was observed on 79 strains (40%), a bacteriostatic efect on 25 strains (12%) and no efect in the case of 96 strains (48%). A very good inhibitory efect was noticed against numerous MRSA, MSSA, Enterococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolates. For several environmental E. coli strains, the bactericidal efect was encountered at a violacein concentration below of what was previously reported. A diferent efect (bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal) was observed in the case of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from raw vs. treated wastewater, suggesting that the wastewater treatment process may infuence the susceptibility of MDR bacteria to violacein containing bacterial extracts.
    [Show full text]
  • High Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium Psychrotolerans Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Frozen Freshwater Pond
    Gong et al. Standards in Genomic Sciences (2017) 12:8 DOI 10.1186/s40793-017-0230-x SHORT GENOME REPORT Open Access High quality draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a frozen freshwater pond Xianzhe Gong1, Stig Skrivergaard1, Benjamin Smed Korsgaard1, Lars Schreiber1,2, Ian P. G. Marshall1,2, Kai Finster1,3 and Andreas Schramm1,2* Abstract Strain S3-2T, isolated from sediment of a frozen freshwater pond, shares 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with strains of the genus Janthinobacterium. Strain S3-2T is a facultative anaerobe that lacks the ability to produce violacein but shows antibiotic resistance, psychrotolerance, incomplete denitrification, and fermentation. The draft genome of strain S3-2T has a size of ~5.8 Mbp and contains 5,297 genes, including 115 RNA genes. Based on the phenotypic properties of the strain, the low in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values with related genomes (<35%), and the low whole genome-based average nucleotide identity (ANI) (<86%) with other strains within the genus Janthinobacterium, we propose that strain S3-2T is the type strain (= DSM 102223 = LMG 29653) of a new species within this genus. We propose the name Janthinobacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov. to emphasize the capability of the strain to grow at low temperatures. Keywords: Janthinobacterium psychrotolerans, Freshwater sediment, Low temperature, Denitrification, Fermentation − Introduction even when grown on glycerol medium (20 g L 1)that The genus Janthinobacterium includes Gram-negative, induces violacein synthesis in other members of the genus motile, aerobic rod-shaped bacteria, which were isolated Janthinobacterium.Herewepresentthegenomeofstrain from soil and aquatic environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Janthinobacterium CG23 2: Comparative Genome Analysis
    microorganisms Article Janthinobacterium CG23_2: Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Enhanced Environmental Sensing and Transcriptional Regulation for Adaptation to Life in an Antarctic Supraglacial Stream Markus Dieser 1,2,*, Heidi J. Smith 1,3, Thiruvarangan Ramaraj 4 and Christine M. Foreman 1,2 1 Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; [email protected] (H.J.S.); [email protected] (C.M.F.) 2 Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA 3 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 4 School of Computing, College of Computing & Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 September 2019; Accepted: 14 October 2019; Published: 15 October 2019 Abstract: As many bacteria detected in Antarctic environments are neither true psychrophiles nor endemic species, their proliferation in spite of environmental extremes gives rise to genome adaptations. Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2 is a bacterial isolate from the Cotton Glacier stream, Antarctica. To understand how Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2 has adapted to its environment, we investigated its genomic traits in comparison to genomes of 35 published Janthinobacterium species. While we hypothesized that genome shrinkage and specialization to narrow ecological niches would be energetically favorable for dwelling in an ephemeral Antarctic stream, the genome of Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2 was on average 1.7 0.6 Mb larger and predicted 1411 499 more coding ± ± sequences compared to the other Janthinobacterium spp. Putatively identified horizontal gene transfer events contributed 0.92 Mb to the genome size expansion of Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2.
    [Show full text]
  • Janthinobacterium Lividum
    Valdes et al. Standards in Genomic Sciences (2015) 10:110 DOI 10.1186/s40793-015-0104-z EXTENDED GENOME REPORT Open Access Draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR reveals its mechanism of capnophilic behavior Natalia Valdes1, Paola Soto2, Luis Cottet3, Paula Alarcon2, Alex Gonzalez4, Antonio Castillo3, Gino Corsini 5,6 and Mario Tello2* Abstract Janthinobacterium lividum is a Gram-negative bacterium able to produce violacein, a pigment with antimicrobial and antitumor properties. Janthinobacterium lividum colonizes the skin of some amphibians and confers protection against fungal pathogens. The mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. In order to identify the advantages for the bacterium to colonize amphibian skin we sequenced Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR, a strain isolated from Cajón del Maipo, Chile. The strain has capnophilic behavior, with growth favored by high concentrations (5 %) of carbon dioxide. Its genome is 6,535,606 bp in size, with 5,362 coding sequences and a G + C content of 62.37 %. The presence of genes encoding for products that participate in the carbon fixation pathways (dark CAM pathways), and the entire set of genes encoding for the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle may explain the capnophilic behavior and allow us to propose that the CO2 secreted by the skin of amphibians is the signal molecule that guides colonization by Janthinobacterium lividum. Keywords: Violacein, Janthinobacterium lividum, Carbon dioxide, Capnophilic, Carbon fixation Introduction the bacteria has not been clearly established. Carbon diox- Janthinobacterium lividum is a betaproteobacterium ide is secreted by amphibian skin alveoli. Although carbon common in soil and water in cold-temperate regions dioxide is a highly abundant, its role as a signaling mol- [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Janthinobacterium Lividum As an Emerging Pathogenic Bacterium Affecting Rainbow Trout
    pathogens Article Janthinobacterium lividum as An Emerging Pathogenic Bacterium Affecting Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fisheries in Korea Woo Taek Oh 1, Sib Sankar Giri 1 , Saekil Yun 1, Hyoun Joong Kim 1, Sang Guen Kim 1, Sang Wha Kim 1, Jeong Woo Kang 1, Se Jin Han 1, Jun Kwon 1, Jin Woo Jun 2,* and Se Chang Park 1,* 1 Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] (W.T.O.); [email protected] (S.S.G.); [email protected] (S.Y.) [email protected] (H.J.K.); [email protected] (S.G.K.); [email protected] (S.W.K.); [email protected] (J.W.K.); [email protected] (S.J.H.); [email protected] (J.K.) 2 Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea * Correspondance: [email protected] (J.W.J.); [email protected] (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1282 (S.C.P.) Received: 25 June 2019; Accepted: 8 September 2019; Published: 11 September 2019 Abstract: Janthinobacterium spp. are normally considered non-pathogenic, and few pathogenesis-related studies have been reported. Here, we report the first isolation of Janthinobacterium lividum in Korea as a pathogenic bacterium infecting rainbow trout. Mass mortality was observed at one rainbow trout hatchery, and dead fish were necropsied. Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria that grew on Cytophaga agar were isolated. A specific violet pigmentation was observed after 7 days of cultivation, and the species were characterized on the basis of the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhizosphere Community Selection Reveals Bacteria Associated with Reduced Root Disease
    Rhizosphere community selection reveals bacteria associated with reduced root disease Chuntao Yin Washington State University Health and Wellness Services Juan M. Casa Vargas Washington State University Department of Plant Pathology Daniel C. Schlatter USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit,Pullman, WA Christina H. Hagerty Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR Scot H. Hulbert Washington State University Health and Wellness Services Timothy Paulitz ( [email protected] ) USDA-ARS Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-3803 Research Keywords: Microbial community, Rhizoctonia solani, disease suppression, antagonism, benecial bacteria Posted Date: December 30th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-64051/v3 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Microbiome on April 9th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00997-5. Page 1/33 Abstract Background: Microbes benet plants by increasing nutrient availability, producing plant growth hormones, and protecting against pathogens. However, it is largely unknown how plants change root microbial communities. Results: In this study, we used a multi-cycle selection system and infection by the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 (hereafter AG8) to examine how plants impact the rhizosphere bacterial community and recruit benecial microorganisms to suppress soilborne fungal pathogens and promote plant growth. Successive plantings dramatically enhanced disease suppression on susceptible wheat cultivars to AG8 in the greenhouse. Accordingly, analysis of the rhizosphere soil microbial community using deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed distinct bacterial community proles assembled over successive wheat plantings.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Evidence Pointing to Rain As a Reservoir of Tomato Phyllosphere Microbiota
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.08.438997; this version posted April 9, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Experimental evidence pointing to rain as a reservoir of tomato phyllosphere microbiota 2 3 Marco E. Mechan-Llontop1,2, Long Tian1, Parul Sharma1, Logan Heflin1, Vivian Bernal- 4 Galeano1, David C. Haak1, Christopher R. Clarke3 & Boris A. Vinatzer1 5 6 1 School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. 7 2 Current Address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and DOE Great Lakes 8 Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. 9 3 Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research 10 Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, 11 USA. 12 13 Corresponding author: B. A. Vinatzer; [email protected] 14 15 Keywords: bacteriology, genomics, microbiome, plant pathology, rhizosphere and phyllosphere, 16 plants, metagenomics 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.08.438997; this version posted April 9, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 19 ABSTRACT 20 Plant microbiota play essential roles in plant health and crop productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • First Complete Genome Sequences of Janthinobacterium Lividumeif1 And
    GBE First Complete Genome Sequences of Janthinobacterium lividum EIF1 and EIF2 and Their Comparative Genome Analysis Ines Friedrich 1,†, Jacqueline Hollensteiner 1,* ,†, Dominik Schneider1, Anja Poehlein1, Robert Hertel2,and Rolf Daniel1 1Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Go¨ ttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Go¨ttingen,Germany 2FG Synthetic Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: 7 July 2020 Abstract We present the first two complete genomes of the Janthinobacterium lividum species, namely strains EIF1 and EIF2, which both possess the ability to synthesize violacein. The violet pigment violacein is a secondary metabolite with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumoral properties. Both strains were isolated from environmental oligotrophic water ponds in Go¨ ttingen. The strains were phylogenetically classified by average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and showed a species assignment to J. lividum with 97.72% (EIF1) and 97.66% (EIF2) identity. These are the first complete genome sequences of strains belonging to the species J. lividum. The genome of strain EIF1 consists of one circular chromosome (6,373,589 bp) with a GC-content of 61.98%. The genome contains 5,551 coding sequences, 122 rRNAs, 93 tRNAs, and 1 tm-RNA. The genome of EIF2 comprises one circular chromosome (6,399,352 bp) with a GC-content of 61.63% and a circular plasmid p356839 (356,839 bp) with a GC-content of 57.21%. The chromosome encodes 5,691 coding sequences, 122 rRNAs, 93 tRNAs, and 1 tm-RNA and the plasmid harbors 245 coding sequences.
    [Show full text]