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1) Fortezza Da Basso a Masterpiece of the Military Renaissance

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1) Fortezza Da Basso a Masterpiece of the Military Renaissance Dropp off – Pick up point : Binario 16 Piazzale Montelungo, near Central rail Station SMN Emergency number: +39 339 6281382 1) Fortezza da basso A masterpiece of the military Renaissance architecture, the Fortezza da Basso was planned by Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane and commissioned by Duke Alessandro de’ Medici, and it was built between 1534 and 1537. It has been the most important venue of the Florence Exhibition Center since 1967. Chiesa di Santa Maria Novella 2) This was Florence's first major cathedrals; it is located opposite the railway station of the same name and is the principle Dominican church in the city. The church was completed in 1357 after 78 years in the making; it was built by Dominican friars.The Gothic church has a magnificent façade, the lower half is Romanesque and was created by Fra Jacopo Taleni and the upper part was completed 100 years later by Leon Battista Alberti. The façade is unique in being the oldest Florence church façade and the only church with its original façade.Brunelleschi is credited with the creation of the church layout and the church holds great works of art like Masaccio's Trinity (1424- 25), Ghirlandaio and Giotto's Crucifix to name but a few. Duccio di Buoninsegna's Enthroned Madonna and Child once adorned this church but today you can see it in the Uffizi. To the side of the main altar is the Strozzi Chapel which is painted with frescoes by Filippino Lippi. The Tornabouni Chapel is where you can see floor to ceiling frescoes by Domenico Ghirlandaio. This is where Ghirlandaio's workshop was located and where Michelangelo came to serve as an apprentice. In the Bondi Chapel you can see Brunelleschi's wood carving of the Crucifixion. There are frescoes by Nardo and Andrea di Cione in the Strozzi di Mantova Chapel and the crèche, above the entrance door, was painted by Botticelli (c.1475). Buggiano created four bas-reliefs for the pulpit. San Lorenzo & the Mercato Centrale This wedge of streets between the train station and the Duomo, centered on the Medici’s old family church of San Lorenzo and its Michelangelo-designed tombs, is market territory. The vast indoor food market is here, and many of the streets are filled daily with stalls hawking leather and other tourist wares. It’s a colorful neighborhood, blessed with a range of local, affordable restaurants. (market area) Special tuscanybus.com custumers : Save 15% Authentic Tuscan Cuisine , “Trattoria Vecchio Mercato” : Is a favorite of the locals. This lovely restaurant is worth to be tested. The food is incredible and the staff quite friendly. T-bone Florentine Steak, truffles and home made pasta! Chiesa di san Lorenzo 3) This is one of Florence's oldest and biggest churches, it is located in the city's market district. The original building was constructed in 393 AD and it functioned as the city's Basilica before being superseded by Santa Reparata. As the parish church of the Medici family they funded the rebuilding of the church in 1419 and Brunelleschi was commissioned for the job. The building was completed but a façade designed by Michelangelo was never realized. The campanile was a later addition in 1740. The church is part of a monastic complex together with other buildings of note. The church has a cavernous interior which is sectioned off into several chapels; the oldest remaining part of the church is the Old Sacristy (Sagresta Vecchia) where the Medici tombs are located. More Medici tombs, designed by Michelangelo, can be seen in the Sagrestia Nuova (New Sacristy). The Cappelle Medici is one of the most beautiful areas of the church, designed by Bernardo Buontalenti and here there are more Medici tombs, this time of family members who were less important .A huge dome rises above the Cappella dei Principi (Princes' Chapel) an octagonal shaped hall where the Grand Dukes were buried. The dome was begun in 1604 and the hall was intended to hold the Holy Sepulcher if it were ever to be brought to Florence from Jerusalem. The Laurentian Library (1523) designed by Michelangelo is within the monastic complex and is an example of Mannerism architecture. It holds valuable historic books and manuscripts. Notable works of art in the basilica include the frescoes by Bronzino; bronze pulpits and doors by Donatello; 4) The Accademia Gallery 4) The World's Most Famous Silhouette: Michelangelo's David. Florence's second most popular museum, also often has a long line ticket: Full euro 6,50 Reduced euro 3,25 (€ 11,00 with temporary exhibitions included. (opening time from 8:15 a.m. to 6:50 p.m ). Long lines are inevitable Do not waste time during your holidays by standing in line. If you really want to see the Museum, Buy tickets online http://www.florence-tickets.com/it/biglietti-galleria-dell-accademia-firenze.html?site=uffi#top San Marco 5) Was founded in the 13th century by Silvestrine monks. In 1437 Cosimo il Vecchio invited the Dominican monks of Fiesole to move into the convent and had it rebuilt by Michelozzo, as gesture said to be motivated by his guilt for having made so much money from banking (which was not theologically correct) and also by the fact that the Dominicans were useful allies. Ironically, Savonarola, who denounced the decadence of the Medici at the end of the 15th century, came to prominence as the Dominican prior of San Marco. The Chiostro di Sant' Antonino, the cloister through which you enter, is decorated with faded frescoes by Fra Angelico and other Florentine artists. In the Ospizio dei Pellegrini, where pilgrims were cared for, there is a superb collection of free-standing paintings by Fra Angelico and his followers. Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore 6) La cattedrale, is the Roman Catholic mother church of the city. It was named for the lily (fiore), the city's symbol. Designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, the construction commenced in 1296, over time a number of architects took on the project including Francesco Talenti and Orcagna. In 1436 the building was completed with the help of Filippo Brunelleschi's engineering of the huge dome which is a symbol of the city. The cathedral is part of a UNESCO complex of buildings together with the Baptistery and campanile on Piazza del Duomo. The construction of the cathedral was inspired by grand cathedrals being built in other major Italian cities and was founded on the site of a previous church, Santa Reparata. You can see what remains of the original church in the crypt of the Duomo. The original façade was destroyed in 1587 and only in 1864 did Emilio De Fabis create the Gothic Revival replacement. Large bronze doors by Augusto Passaglia were added between 1899 and 1903. The building's exterior is covered with marble panels of various shapes and sizes in shades of green, white and pink. The dome has a unique octagonal design and was built without a supporting wooden frame, which was unheard of at the time. Horizontal tone and iron chains were used to reinforce the dome which is the world's largest masonry dome. To commemorate the great undertaking of Brunelleschi a statue of the architect now sits in the adjacent square looking up at his creation. Campanile means "tower" and this Florence tower was built as a bell tower for the adjacent cathedral on Piazza del Duomo and is part of a complex of buildings. The tower was created by Giotto between 1334 and 1337 when he died and Andrea Pisano took over the task until 1348. Francesco Talenti completed the tower from 1350 to 1359.The exterior is covered in a geometrical pattern of Carrara green marble, white marble and red marble from Siena. It features seven hexagonal marble tiles with sculptured reliefs on each side of the bottom half of the tower. The tiles on the side facing the cathedral were a later addition by Luca della Robbia. On the second level of the tower there is another series of tiles, this time in a diamond shape and with a blue Majolica background by Andrea Pisano, Maso di Banco and their assistants. The fourth level is adorned with life-size sculptures by Donatello in niches on all sides of the tower. The top three levels were completed by Talenti, and feature large windows. The sculptures and relief tiles on the tower today are replicas and the originals can be seen in the Opera del Duomo Museum for Conservation.The tower is 84.7 meters high and visitors can climb 414 steps to a terrace at the top of the tower to get brilliant views across the city. The tower is divided into different levels and on each level one of the tower's seven bells is housed. Battistero di San Giovanni is one of Florence' oldest and most important religious buildings, it is dedicated to the city's patron, John the Baptist. It was constructed on the site of a former 1st century Roman edifice. None of the original Roman building remains but the present Baptistery dates back to the 11th and 14th centuries. It was consecrated in 1059 and in those days needed to be large enough to accommodate the crowds that attended the biannual baptism ceremony. The Tuscan Romanesque style octagonal exterior is covered in white and green Prato marble and has elegant arches between polygonal columns on the upper level and semi-pilaster columns on the lower level. The exterior is topped with a 12th century roof and lantern. Lorenzo Ghiberti created the north and east facing doors and Andrea Pisano was responsible for the south facing door (1330).
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