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17 Bernardo Reyes-Tur Breyestur@Gmail.Com ISSN 2410-7492 RNPS 2403 REVISTA CUBANA DE ZOOLOGÍA http://revistas.geotech.cu/index.php/poey ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL 510 (enero -junio 2020): 10 - 17 PARÁMETROS REPRODUCTIVOS, HISTORIA DE VIDA Y CRECIMIENTO DE POLYMITA BROCHERI (GASTROPODA: CEPOLIDAE) EN CONDICIONES DE CAUTIVERIO Henry Rodríguez-Potrony1, Camila Bosch-Diaz2, Mario J. Gordillo-Pérez2, Juannier Rodríguez-Matos2 y Bernardo Reyes-Tur2 1. Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay”, José A. Saco # 601, esq. Barnada, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba. 2. Departamento de Biología y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Oriente, Ave. Patricio Lumumba, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba. Resumen: Polymita brocheri es una especie de molus- Abstract: Reproductive parameters, life history co arborícola, amenazada y endémica de Cuba. Pese a and growth of Polymita brocheri (Gastropoda: la necesidad de comprender su ciclo de vida para su Cepolidae) in captive conditions. Polymita brocheri conservación, existe escasa información sobre su his- is a threatened Cuban endemic tree snail species. Al- toria de vida y biología de la reproducción. Por ende, though the understanding of its life cycle is vital for el objetivo de esta investigación es aportar datos so- conservation plans, there is scant information about bre el coeficiente de fecundidad, la tasa de natalidad, la its life history and reproductive biology. Therefore, the duración de la incubación, los parámetros de historia aim of the current work is to shed light on the fertility de vida y las curvas de sobrevivientes y crecimiento de coefficient, hatching rate, incubation length, life table dicha especie. El trabajo se realizó en condiciones de parameters and curves of survivorship and growth of cautiverio, entre 2016 y 2019. En Maisí, Guantánamo, this species. We studied this under captive conditions se recolectaron 10 individuos adultos que fueron man- between 2016 and 2019. Ten individuals were collec- tenidos en parejas, en recipientes plásticos, para moni- ted in Maisí, Guantánamo, and kept in pairs, in plastic torear la presencia de cópulas, puestas y eclosiones. De containers to check mating, oviposition and hatching. los eclosionados, fueron seguidos 60 individuos desde A total of 60 hatchlings were followed from hatching la eclosión hasta la muerte, de ellos se registró el nú- to death, recording survivals and growth of the shell’s mero de sobrevivientes y el crecimiento del diámetro major diameter. The resulting survivorship and growth mayor de la concha. Se informan las ecuaciones para curves, and life table parameters are reported here. On las curvas de sobrevivientes y crecimiento, así como average, the fertility coefficient was 89 eggs per laying, parámetros de la tabla de vida. Como promedio, el coe- hatching rate was 69 % of total eggs laid and incuba- ficiente de fecundidad alcanzó 89 huevos por puesta, la tion lasted 9 days. The survivorship curve and life table tasa de natalidad fue 69 % del total de huevos puestos indicated high mortality rate of hatchings and juveni- y el desarrollo embrionario duró 9 días. La curva de so- les (Type III survivorship curve), low life expectancy brevivientes y la tabla de vida indican una elevada tasa and low net reproductive rate. Growth curve indicated de mortalidad de individuos recién eclosionados y jó- that snails reached their adult size between 15 and 24 venes (curva de sobrevivientes Tipo III), y valores bajos months after hatching and sexual maturity was rea- de esperanza de vida y tasa de crecimiento poblacional. ched after 20 months on average. Según la curva de crecimiento deben transcurrir entre 15 y 24 meses para alcanzar la talla de los progenitores Keywords: ecology, life cycle, Mollusca, survivorship y la madurez sexual se comprobó después de 20 meses curve. de vida, como promedio. Palabras clave: ciclo de vida, curva de sobrevivien- tes, ecología, Mollusca Bernardo Reyes-Tur [email protected] Publicado en línea el 30 de junio de 2020 Reproducción, historia de vida y crecimiento de Polymita 11 Introducción Polymita brocheri es un molusco hermafrodi- ta con presencia de órgano copulatorio auxiliar El género Polymita (Cepolidae) está compues- (aparato del dardo) en su sistema reproductor to por seis especies endémicas de Cuba, distribui- (Moreno, 1950). Su distribución geográfica está das desde la región oriental hasta el noroeste de restringida al extremo oriental de Cuba (Torre, Sabana-Camagüey (Torre, 1950; Milera y Mar- 1950). Como característica distintiva esta es- tínez, 1987; Núñez-Jiménez, 1989). A conse- pecie posee concha espiralada cónica, lo cual es cuencia de su endemismo, unido al remarcable infrecuente en moluscos con aparato del dardo polimorfismo del color y los patrones de bandas (Davison et al., 2005; Jordaens et al., 2009). Por de sus conchas, este género se considera uno otra parte, se ha informado acerca de la altura de los más atractivos entre los moluscos cuba- de los lugares de descanso y la densidad pobla- nos (Berovides, 1987; Espinosa y Ortea, 2009). cional de P. brocheri (Maceira, 2000; Suárez-To- Las especies de Polymita habitan en varias for- rres y Fernández, 2012), aunque estos datos maciones vegetales, desde matorrales xeromorfos son resultado de muestreos de corta duración. hasta bosques pluviales (Milera y Martínez, 1987; Debido a su hábitat restringido, endemis- Espinosa, 2011; González-Guillén, 2014). No obs- mo, grado de amenaza y la escasez de conoci- tante, la perturbación de los hábitats, asociada mientos sobre su biología, los estudios sobre al incremento del uso de tierra para el desarrollo P. brocheri constituyen una prioridad entre los agropecuario, ha provocado la disminución del moluscos cubanos. Precisamente, el objetivo de ámbito de distribución histórico en las poblaciones esta investigación es aportar los primeros da- de Polymita (Hidalgo-Gato et al., 2016), situación tos sobre su coeficiente de fecundidad, tasa de que puede agudizarse con el calentamiento global natalidad, duración de la incubación, paráme- (Mancina et al., 2017). Además, dichas poblacio- tros de historia de vida y curvas de sobrevivien- nes han sido afectadas por la artesanía y el comer- tes y crecimiento, en condiciones de cautiverio. cio ilegal desde el siglo pasado (Milera y Martínez, 1987; Espinosa, 2011; González-Guillén, 2014). Materiales y Métodos Se ha informado que todas las especies de Polymita se encuentran amenazadas (Amaro-Val- Recolección de ejemplares y manteni- dés, 2012; Hidalgo-Gato et al., 2016). Al mismo miento en cautiverio tiempo, el género ha sido incluido en el Apéndi- Puesto que P. brocheri es una especie prote- ce I de la Convención sobre el Comercio Interna- gida el muestreo fue limitado. El 19/10/2016 cional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora se recolectaron 10 individuos adultos, con la- Silvestres (CITES, 2016). Por consiguiente, es bio engrosado, en la localidad Paso de los Azules necesario conocer las características de su repro- (20º15,253’N y 74º09,260’W), en un área de 3 ducción para comprender sus estrategias vitales e km2. La localidad se encuentra 3 km al suroeste incrementar la eficiencia en las pautas de su con- del faro de Punta de Maisí, en el municipio Mai- servación y manejo (Alfonso y Berovides, 1993). sí, provincia Guantánamo. La formación vegetal En cuanto a la biología de la reproducción y predominante es matorral xeromorfo costero, las estrategias vitales de Polymita, deben desta- según los criterios de Capote y Berazaín (1984). carse los trabajos sobre el período reproductivo, El trabajo en condiciones de cautiverio fue reali- el coeficiente de eclosión, las tasas de natalidad zado desde el 21/10/2016 hasta el 15/08/2019, en y mortalidad, el reclutamiento de juveniles y las el Departamento de Biología y Geografía, Univer- curvas de crecimiento, en condiciones natura- sidad de Oriente, Cuba. Su alimentación se realizó les y cautiverio (P. muscarum y P. venusta: Bidart con hojas humedecidas de Ixora coccinea y Ficus sp., et al., 1998; P. muscarum: Díaz-Piferrer, 1962; Bi- infectadas con fumagina. Como fuente de carbona- dart, 1997; Reyes-Tur y Fernández, 1998; P. pic- to de calcio se añadieron piedras de origen calcáreo ta: Valdés et al., 1986; Bidart et al.,1992a, b; P. y conchas vacías (Örstan, 2006). La alimentación venusta: Reyes-Tur, 2004). Según dichos estudios de los animales y la limpieza de los recipientes se estas especies tienen un ciclo de vida cercano a realizaron tres veces por semana. La temperatura anual y actividad reproductiva estacional, fun- se mantuvo entre 25 y 32,9 ºC, la humedad relativa damentalmente entre septiembre y noviembre. entre 46 y 80 %, mientras el fotoperíodo perma- neció según el ciclo natural de luz y oscuridad. 12 Rodríguez-Potrony et al. Poeyana 510 (2020) Puestas y eclosiones en condiciones de rante el intervalo de edad x como fracción de una cautiverio población inicial de uno (l´x), número de recién Entre octubre y noviembre del 2016, se coloca- eclosionados/animal adulto (mx), número total de ron dos individuos por recipientes de 1 500 mL con eclosionados en cada intervalo de edad (Vx = l´x . una capa de 3 cm de tierra en el fondo. Los recipien- mx) y crecimiento reproductivo neto (Ro = Σ Vx). tes fueron revisados diariamente para buscar sig- Para evaluar la madurez sexual de los indi- nos de actividad reproductiva (i.e.: cópulas, pues- viduos aislados y que fueron criados en cauti- tas y eclosiones). En caso de encontrar puestas, si verio, se realizaron experimentos cada 15 días era necesario, se le añadieron cinco gotas de agua durante octubre y noviembre del 2017 y 2018. para mantener la humedad. Los huevos fueron ais- En cada experimento se colocaron entre 4 y 8 lados para determinar el tiempo hasta la eclosión. individuos en un recipiente plástico de 500 mL Como parámetros reproductivos se determinaron y se determinó su proclividad para iniciar cor- la cantidad de puestas por individuo, el número tejos y cópulas, según Reyes-Tur et al.
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