Appendix : Documents Used for the Analysis of the Ideational Opportunity Structure and Alignment Power

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendix : Documents Used for the Analysis of the Ideational Opportunity Structure and Alignment Power Appendix : Documents Used for the Analysis of the Ideational Opportunity Structure and Alignment Power a) Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act US Foreign Policy Discourse (a) President Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, January 20, 1981, Washington, DC. (b) Secretary of State Alexander Haig, A New Direction in U.S. Foreign Policy. Address before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, April 24, 1981. (c) Secretary Haig, A Strategic Approach to American Foreign Policy. Address before the American Bar Association, August 11, 1981, New Orleans. (d) President Reagan, Opening Statement at the International Meeting on Cooperation and Development, October 22, 1981, Canc ú n/Mexico. (e) President Reagan, Promoting Peace and Democracy. Address before the British Parliament, June 8, 1982, London/United Kingdom. (f) Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs William P. Clark, President Reagan’s Framework for Peace. Address before the City Club and Chamber of Commerce, October 29, 1982, San Diego. (g) President Reagan, Paths toward Peace: Deterrence and Arms Control. Address to the Nation, November 22, 1982, Washington, DC. (h) President Reagan, Progress in the Quest for Peace and Freedom. Address before the American Legion, February 22, 1983, Washington, DC. (i) President Reagan, Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security, March 23, 1983, Washington, DC. (j) President Reagan, Radio Address, September 10, 1983. US Cuba Policy Discourse (a) Assistant Secretary of State Thomas O. Enders, Strategic Situation in Central America and the Caribbean. Statement before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, December 14, 1981, Washington, DC. 206 Appendix (b) Department of State, Cuba’s Renewed Support for Violence in Latin America. Research Paper Presented to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, December 14, 1981, Washington, DC. (c) President Reagan, The Sordid Promises of Communism. From Remarks on the Caribbean Basin Initiative before the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States, February 24, 1982. (d) Assistant Secretary Enders, Radio Broadcasting to Cuba. Statement before the Subcommittee on State, Justice, Commerce, and the Judiciary of the Senate Appropriations Committee, May 4, 1982, Washington, DC. (e) Assistant Secretary Enders, Dealing with the Reality of Cuba. Statement before the Subcommittees on Inter-American Affairs and International Economic Policy and Trade of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, December 14, 1982, Washington, DC. (f) President Reagan, Meeting Castro’s Challenge in Central America . Remarks on Cuba, March 10, 1983. (g) Assistant Secretary Enders, FY 1984 Assistance Requests for Latin America and the Caribbean. Statement Delivered before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, March 16, 1983, Washington, DC. (h) President Reagan, Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on Central America, April 27, 1983, Washington, DC. (i) President Reagan, Remarks at Cuban Independence Day Celebration, May 20, 1983, Miami. (j) President Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the Situation in Central America, August 13, 1983, El Paso/Texas. Alignment Power (a) Cuban American National Foundation (CANF) Chairman Jorge Mas Canosa, “Parlamentarios no deben ir a Cuba. Al Redactor [Members of Congress Should Not Go to Cuba. Letter to the Editor],” in: Miami Herald, September 15, 1981. (b) Mas Canosa, La creaci ó n de Radio Mart í . Declaraci ó n a la prensa [The Creation of Radio Mart í . Press Release], September 24, 1981. (c) CANF, U.S. Radio Broadcasting to Cuba: Policy Implications, Washington, DC, 1982. (d) CANF Executive Director Frank Calzó n, Statement before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, March 3, 1982, Washington, DC. (e) Mas Canosa, 20 de Mayo de 1982. Discurso [May 20, 1982. Address], May 20, 1982, Hotel Four Ambassadors, Miami. (f) Mas Canosa, “La Lucha por la libertad de Cuba y por la seguridad de Am é rica” [The Fight for Cuba’s Freedom and for America’s Security], in: Diario Las Am é ricas, I and II, July 12, 1982, Miami. (g) Mas Canosa, Homenaje a la Honorable Jeane Kirkpatrick. Discurso [Tribute to the Honorable Jeane Kirkpatrick. Address], October 22, 1982, Miami. (h) Mas Canosa, “Aboga La Brigada por unidad con los cubanos que luchan en la isla” [The Brigade Advocates for Unity with the Cubans Fighting on the Island], in: Gir ó n, 15 (October–December): 4, 1982. Appendix 207 (i) Thomas, Hugh, The Revolution on Balance , Washington, DC: CANF, 1983. (j) Mas Canosa, Visita del Presidente Ronald W. Reagan. Discurso [Visit of President Ronald W. Reagan. Address], May 20, 1983, Miami. b) Cuban Democracy Act US Foreign Policy Discourse (a) President George H. W. Bush, Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 29, 1991, Washington, DC. (b) President Bush, Address before a Joint Session of Congress on the End of the Gulf War, March 6, 1991, Washington, DC. (c) President Bush, Statement on the 1991 National Security Strategy Report, August 13, 1991. (d) Secretary of State James Baker, Democracy’s Season. Address before the CSCE Meeting on the Human Dimension, September 11, 1991, Moscow. (e) Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger, Engagement vs. Withdrawal: US Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Remarks at a “Business Week” Symposium, October 3, 1991, Washington, DC. (f) President Bush, Remarks to the American Enterprise Institute, December 4, 1991, Washington, DC. (g) President Bush, Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 28, 1992, Washington, DC. (h) President Bush, Remarks to the Economic Club of Detroit, March 13, 1992, Detroit. (i) Secretary Baker, From Cold War to Democratic Peace. Address before the World Affairs Council of Boston, June 25, 1992, Boston. (j) President Bush, Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention, August 20, 1992, Houston. US Cuba Policy Discourse (a) Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Bernard W. Aronson, FY 1992 Foreign Assistance Requests for Latin America and the Caribbean. Statement before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, April 18, 1999, Washington, DC. (b) President Bush, Audio Message (also Broadcast on Radio Mart í ) , May 17, 1991. (c) Assistant Secretary Aronson, The 89th Anniversary of Cuban Independence. Address before the Cuban American National Foundation’s 10th Anniversary Meeting, May 20, 1991, Miami. (d) Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger, Western Hemisphere Holds Unique Place for Freedom. Address to the 21st General Assembly of the Organization of American States (OAS), June 3, 1991, Santiago/Chile. (e) Assistant Secretary Aronson, US Policy toward Cuba. Statement before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, July 11, 1991, Washington, DC. 208 Appendix (f) Vice President Dan Quayle, New Opportunities in Hemispheric Trade. Address Following the MERCOSUR Four-Plus-One Roundtable Discussion, August 6, 1991, Buenos Aires. (g) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, US Policy toward Cuba. Statement before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, April 8, 1992, Washington, DC. (h) President Bush, Commitment to Cuban Freedom. Statement Released by the White House, April 18, 1992, Kennebunkport/Maine. (i) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs David Malpass, Economic Reconstruction in Cuba. Statement at a Conference on “Cuba’s Economic Reconstruction” Organized by a Consortium of Florida-Based Business and Academic Organizations, May 19, 1992, Miami. (j) President Bush, Cuban Independence Day. Statement Released by the White House, May 20, 1992, Washington, DC. Alignment Power (a) Mas Canosa, Welcome Address at Conference on “Cuba’s Transition to Democracy. Lessons from the Former Soviet Bloc,” Organized by the Cuban American National Foundation, November 21–23, 1991, Coral Gables/Florida. (b) Domingo Moreira, Economic Principles for a New Cuba. Presentation at Conference on “Cuba’s Transition to Democracy. Lessons from the Former Soviet Bloc,” Organized by the Cuban American National Foundation, November 21–23, 1991, Coral Gables/Florida. (c) Mas Canosa, “Sobre la Ley Torricelli” [About the Torricelli Bill]. Radio Statement,” in: La Voz de la Fundaci ó n, February 15, 1992. (d) Mas Canosa, Testimony before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, March 18, 1992, Washington, DC. (e) Mas Canosa, Toward a Future without Castro. Cuba’s Transition to Democracy. Heritage Lecture No. 369, February 1992, Washington, DC. (f) Mas Canosa, “Presidente Bush y la Ley Torricelli [President Bush and the Torricelli Bill]. Interview by Ninoska P é rez Castelló n,” in: La Voz de la Fundaci ó n, April 23, 1992. (g) CANF/Mas Canosa, “Questions and Answers about CANF, 1992,” in : CANF, The Alternatives of Freedom. A Statement of Principles and Objectives. For a Free and Democratic Cuba. (h) Mas Canosa, Statement before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, August 5, 1992, Washington, DC. c) Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act US Foreign Policy Discourse (a) President William J. Clinton, Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 19, 1999, Washington, DC. (b) President Clinton, Remarks on Keeping America Secure
Recommended publications
  • The Cuban American National Foundation and Its Role As an Ethnic Interest Group
    The Cuban American National Foundation and Its Role as an Ethnic Interest Group Author: Margaret Katherine Henn Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/568 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2008 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Introduction Since the 1960s, Cuban Americans have made social, economic, and political progress far beyond that of most immigrant groups that have come to the United States in the past fifty years. I will argue that the Cuban American National Foundation (CANF) was very influential in helping the Cuban Americans achieve much of this progress. It is, however, important to note that Cubans had some distinct advantages from the beginning, in terms of wealth and education. These advantages helped this ethnic interest group to grow quickly and become powerful. Since its inception in the early 1980s, the CANF has continually been able to shape government policy on almost all issues related to Cuba. Until at least the end of the Cold War, the CANF and the Cuban American population presented a united front in that their main goal was to present a hard line towards Castro and defeat him; they sought any government assistance they could get to achieve this goal, from policy changes to funding for different dissident activities. In more recent years, Cubans have begun to differ in their opinions of the best policy towards Cuba. I will argue that this change along with other changes will decrease the effectiveness of the CANF.
    [Show full text]
  • Bush Passes on Cuban Exiles' Right a D V E R T I S E M E N T He Panders to a Narrow, Reactionary Slice of a Politically Diverse Community
    http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-op-bardach26oct26,1,3426430.story POLITICS Bush Passes on Cuban Exiles' Right a d v e r t i s e m e n t He panders to a narrow, reactionary slice of a politically diverse community. By Ann Louise Bardach Ann Louise Bardach writes for Newsweek International and is a commentator on the Public Radio program "Marketplace." She is the author of "Cuba Confidential: Love and Vengeance in Miami and Havana." October 26, 2003 Earlier this month, President Bush gathered 100 Cuban Americans in the White House Rose Garden to outline his new Cuba policy. Sprinkling his speech with a few words of well-rehearsed Spanish, the president announced a new commission, co-chaired by Secretary of State Colin Powell and Housing and Urban Development Secretary Mel Martinez. Its mission: to draw up a transition-to-freedom plan for a post-Castro Cuba and to "identify ways to hasten the arrival of that day." But judging from the reception of the president's speech — most notably within the Miami exile community — Operation Cuba could be as controversial as Operation Iraqi Freedom. The cornerstone of the president's initiative is to aggressively criminalize travel to Cuba by asking the Department of Homeland Security to identify and punish those who visit Cuba in violation of U.S. laws, whether they travel from the United States or via a third country. The president also vowed to crack down on people sending money to Cuba. What this policy fails to take into account is that it is Cuban Americans who will be most penalized by the crackdown.
    [Show full text]
  • Roger Fontaine Files
    , I~· t< ~ .§ ::z j RESUME ;: 01: t<" () ~ DR. BERNARDO BENES e< S Office: 1801 S.W. 1st Street Residence ; 1.6 6 6 Ba y Dr i v e ~ C; Miarni , Fla . 33 135 Miami Beach , Fla . 33141 Tel. : (305) 864-1476 ~ Tel. : (305) 642 .... 2440 S ~ .. PERSONAL DATA : Date of Birth : December 27 , 1934 Place of Birth : Matanzas , Cuba Height : 5 1 11 " Weight: 200 lbs . 1'1arital Status : Married Three children Citizenship : U , S. Citizenship Slnce August 1969 EDUCATION : Havana University (Cu1.a) ; Doctor in Law , 1951-1956 ~ertified Public Accountant , 1951-1956 American Savings and Loan Institute : Savings and Loan Courses University of Miami : Taxation Courses LANGUAGES : English Spanish Yiddish ( Understand) ' ~RESEN~ POSITION ; Vice-Chairman of the Board - Continental National Bank of Miami ! ..: ..o ' r" ce: ~ Resume j Dr . Bernardo Benes ~ Page 2 .a " a :a"" ce:" WORK EXPERIENCE: j February 1976 to present ; Vice-Chairman of the Board ? Continental National Bank of Miami 1960 to February 1976 : Vice President , Washington Federal Savings and Loan Association of Miamí Beach For ten years , responsible for all Branch Operations , Savings Operations , Accounting , Security and all Mortgage a~tivity for Latin American customers . For five years, in charge of the Mortgage Loan Department . Director of Training Programs for Latin American Savings and Loan Executives in conjunction with the Alliance for Progress , a program sponsored by the U,S . Department of State . (In this capacity trained over 350 Latin American and African Savings and Loan Executives, and helped t o draft legislation on Savings and Loan in several countries) . Have met with the Presidents of Chile, the Dominican Republic , Nicaragua , Panama and Paraguay .
    [Show full text]
  • Cuba Celebrates 50 Years of Revolution As Bush Leaves Without
    Vol. 17, No. 1 January 2009 www.cubanews.com In the News Cuba celebrates 50 years of revolution as Bush leaves without achieving goal GDP to grow 6% in ’09 BY ANA RADELAT Cuba says 2008 growth came to just 4.3%, among hardline exiles in Miami, a group that n Jan. 1, the Castro brothers marked the appears to be shrinking because younger exiles half of official predictions .............Page 2 50th anniversary of the revolution that and those who arrived more recently are more Oswept them to power. Three weeks later, moderate in their views of U.S.-Cuba relations. Marking the revolution on Jan. 20, President George W. Bush leaves But some say Bush has fallen short of his oft- stated goal of weakening Fidel and Raúl Castro Invitation-only crowd hears Raúl’s speech office — thereby ensuring his place in history as the 10th occupant of the White House who and pressuring the regime toward democratic in Santiago de Cuba ......................Page 3 tried and failed to bring democracy to Cuba. reforms. During his eight years in office, Bush moved “You can’t have influence without contact,” Pushing the limits steadily to isolate the United States from Cuba, said Phil Peters, a Cuba expert at the Lexington reducing diplomatic and “people-to-people” con- Institute in Arlington, Va. Blogger Yoani Sánchez tests tolerance of tacts with the island. Bush’s policy was an exten- Peters said Bush’s main interest was in “play- Cuba’s power elite .........................Page 4 sion of the hard line fellow Republican presi- ing to his loyal constituency” in the exile com- dents adopted towards the communist country, munity, one that “is older and votes religiously” especially that of Ronald Reagan and Bush’s on the issue of Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the U.S. CUBA FOREIGN POLICY CYCLE Susan Eckstein This
    Cu-ca-spadoni may 2010 THE U.S. CUBA FOREIGN POLICY CYCLE Susan Eckstein This ChaptEr dEmonstratEs that in thE U.S. thErE ExistEd a Cuban forEign poLicy cycle in the post Cold War, between 1992 and 2004. Policy vacilLated with the prEsidEntiaL ELEctoraL cycLE, and not, first and forEmost, with shifts in Washington’s forEign concErns. In ELEction yEars, incumbEnt PrEsidEnts, in particuLar, usEd thEir discrEtionary powErs to impLEment measurEs that addrEssEd thEir opportunistic short-tErm intErEsts in winning Cuban American votEs, onLy to rEvErsE or LEavE unenforced in non-ELection years those policies that conflicted with concerns of state. Shifts betwEen electoraL and non-ELectoraL concerns account for inconsistencies, contradictions, and vacilLations in U.S. Cuba policy in the twELve year period. ThE vaLidity of thE poLicy cycLE thEsis rEsts on dEmonstrating that (1) U.S. Cuba policy varied in election and non-ELection years; (2) in election years Presidents usEd thEir discrEtionary powEr to impLEment poLiciEs toward Cuba dEsignEd to win Cuban Americans votEs, EvEn if thEy confLictEd with concErns of statE; and (3) in non-ELection years PresidEnts addrEssEd statE concErns that caLLEd for modification of thE measurEs dEsignEd to win votEs. ThE anaLysis focusEs on thE so-calLed pErsonaL Embargo, in particuLar on rights of Cuban Americans to visit and sharE Earnings, rEmittancEs, with famiLy who rEmainEd in Cuba. In that in thE post CoLd War thE SoviEt Union, with which Cuba had alliEd for thrEE dEcadEs, had joined thE 1 dustbin of history, and Cuba had dramaticaLLy downsizEd its miLitary, nationaL security considerations no Longer drove Washington policy towards the island.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Info -Miami Herald Articles
    Miami Herald February 12, 2003 Cuban exiles shifting hard-line position Polls: Dialogue, dissidents backed BY ANDREA ELLIOTT AND ELAINE DE VALLE In a marked shift away from hard-line positions, a majority of Cuban Americans in South Florida say they support dialogue with Cuban government officials and believe that dissidents on the island are more important than exiles to Cuba's political future, according to two polls released Tuesday on a range of Cuba-related topics. More than half of South Florida's Cubans support recent efforts at dialogue between exiles and Cuban government officials, according to a poll commissioned by The Herald. And nearly 70 percent of Cuban Americans believe dissidents in Cuba play a more important role in a democratic transition than exile leaders, according to another, unrelated survey conducted for the Cuba Study Group, an organization of prominent Cuban Americans. Each survey separately polled 400 Cubans in Broward and Miami-Dade counties. ''Cuban Americans in South Florida have reached the point of exhaustion at railing against the dictator and now maybe they're willing to do something differently,'' said pollster Rob Schroth, whose company, Schroth & Associates, conducted The Herald's survey. ``These numbers indicate that a significant number of Cuban Americans have clearly decided that ousting the dictator is not as realistic as dialogue with a democratic purpose.'' Both polls seem to confirm a major shift towards moderation by Cuban exiles, framed by several significant events in recent months: First, the January visit of Cuban dissident Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas to Miami to garner support for a growing dissident movement on the island.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnomusicological Study of the Policies and Aspirations for US
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 Beyond the Blockade: An Ethnomusicological Study of the Policies and Aspirations for U.S.-Cuban Musical Interaction Timothy P. Storhoff Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC BEYOND THE BLOCKADE: AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE POLICIES AND ASPIRATIONS FOR U.S.-CUBAN MUSICAL INTERACTION By TIMOTHY P. STORHOFF A Dissertation submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2014 Timothy Storhoff defended this dissertation on April 2, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Frank Gunderson Professor Directing Dissertation José Gomáriz University Representative Michael B. Bakan Committee Member Denise Von Glahn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To Mom and Dad, for always encouraging me to write and perform. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was made possible through the support, assistance and encouragement of numerous individuals. I am particularly grateful to my advisor, Frank Gunderson, and my dissertation committee members, Michael Bakan, Denise Von Glahn and José Gomáriz. Along with the rest of the FSU Musicology faculty, they have helped me refine my ideas and ask the right questions while exemplifying the qualities required of outstanding educators and scholars. From the beginning of my coursework through the completion of my dissertation, I could not have asked for a finer community of colleagues, musicians and scholars than the musicologists at the Florida State University.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 an Unseen Truth 1
    Notes 1 An Unseen Truth 1. Geoffrey R. Stone, Perilous Times, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, 2004, p. 419. 2. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/newsack:/releases/2001/09 /20010920–8.html. 3. Paul K. Davis, Besieged, 100 Great Sieges From Jericho to Sarajevo, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. 4. It led the then US secretary of state Madeline Albright to say the death of 500,000 Iraqi children as result of sanctions was “worth it.” John Pilger, “Squeezed to Death,” Guardian, March 4, 2000. 5. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/us/politics/24immig.html. 6. FOX hypes stories to claim “Christmas Under Siege”: http://mediamatters. org/research/200412100006 (December 10, 2004). 7. Charlie Savage, Democratic Senators Issue Strong Warning about Use of the Patriot Act, March 16, 2012. 8. www.wired.com/dangeroom2011/07. 9. www.dhs.gov/xabout/laws/law_regulation_rule_0011.shtm. 10. Found in the former President’s autobiography, Decision Points, Crown Publishing, 2010. 11. Weekly Standard, December 5, 2005. 12. http://news.antiwar.com/2011/03/07/obama-approves-indefinite-detention- without-trial/. 13. Janine Jackson, “Whistling Past the Wreckage of Civil Liberties,” Extra, September 2011, p. 13. 14. Chris Anders, Senators Demand the Military Lock Up of American Citizens in a “Battlefield” They Define as Being Right Outside Your Window://www.aclu .org/ (November 2011). 15. http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/president-obama-signs- indefinite-detention-law. A New York judge tried to block the legislation in June 2012. Susan Madrak, Federal Judge Blocks NDAA Indefinite Detention, Crooks and Liars.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Cuban-American Decline in Influence in U.S. Policy Toward Cuba
    The Evolution of the Cuban-American Decline in Influence in U.S. Policy Toward Cuba By: David Garcia-Pedrosa Political Science Thesis - Spring 2010 Advisor: Professor Cristina Beltran Haverford College 2 Contents Introduction 3 The Split in the Cuban-American Community's Ideology 9 The Elian Gonzalez Saga 22 The Evolution of the Cuban-American Voice in Washington D.C. 37 Conclusion 53 Bibliography 60 3 Introduction This thesis will discuss and analyze the Cuban-American decline in influence in U.S. policy towards Cuba - namely the U.S. embargo on Cuba. The main reasons for the Cuban-American community's decline in influence are threefold: a split in ideology inside the Cuban community between early arriving anti-communism, anti- Castro exiles and the more progressive second generation Cuban-Americans and later-arriving exiles, a loss of credibility because of the mass media's portrayal of the actions taken by the Cuban-American community during the Elian Gonzalez case, and the end of the "Red Scare" and threats to national security posed by Cuba. This thesis will show that these reasons have led to the Cuban-American community's inability to influence the U.S. policies towards Cuba. However, in order to understand the decline of the Cuban-American community in politics, it is important to understand the history, support, and success of Cubans who emigrated to the United States after the Cuban Revolution in 1959. The early Cuban exile population who fled the Castro regime was met in Miami with unprecedented political, social, and economic support. The first wave of exiles, known as the "Golden Exiles", who arrived between 1959 and 1963, entered the United States during the time when the 'red scare' was sweeping throughout the US.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking US-Cuba Policy
    A TIME FOR CHANGE Rethinking US-Cuba Policy Lilah Rosenblum WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA MAY 2002 Washington Office on Latin America The Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) promotes human rights, democracy and social and economic justice in Latin America and the Caribbean. WOLA facilitates dialogue between governmental and non-governmental actors, monitors the impact of policies and programs of governments and international organizations, and promotes alternatives through reporting, education, training and advocacy. Founded in 1974 by a coalition of religious and civic leaders, WOLA works closely with civil society organizations and government officials throughout the hemisphere. In our view, U.S. policy toward Cuba has not been formulated on the basis of sound judgments about strategies that will best promote human rights and social justice on the island, but on the basis of outdated Cold War ideology and special interest group politics. We believe that the embargo hurts domestic U.S. economic and political interests without bringing us any foreign policy benefits. We believe that engagement with Cuba is a more sensible, effective, and humane strategy for promoting human rights and social justice there. Engagement would also be economically beneficial to the United States. This booklet presents a critique of current policy and suggests policy alternatives. ISBN# 0-929513-47-9 (c) Washington Office on Latin America May 2002 Copies of this publication can be obtained from WOLA for $5.00 plus $1.75 shipping and handling for the first copy and $3.00 for each additional copy. For bulk orders, please contact WOLA at (202) 797-2171.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S., British Planes Bomb Southern Iraq, Kill Seven
    INSIDE Double victory: sales drive and Pathfinder Fund surpass goals! THE -PAGES A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 66/NO. 45 DECEMBER 2, 2002 Thousands U.S., British planes bomb ofNewYork health-care southern Iraq, kill seven BY BRIAN WILLIAMS cided with a series of air attacks by U.S. they had responded to ground fire. They As United Nations Security Council "in­ and British planes. also claimed that Iraqi planes had "pen­ workers rally spection" teams arrive in Iraq, Washington On November 15 they bombed an air etrated" the zones. is attacking the country with forces already defense communications center in southern A White House spokesman claimed that in place, as it steps up its buildup of troops Iraq in Najaf province 85 miles southeast such Iraqi self-defense measures were a jus­ for contract and equipment for the coming invasion. of Baghdad. The Iraqi government reported tification to launch a war. "The United States Chief inspection official Hans Blix ar­ that seven people were killed and four believes that firing upon our aircraft in the BY RUTH ROBINETT rived in Baghdad November 18 armed with wounded in the assault. no-fly zone, or British aircraft, is a viola­ NEW YORK-Chanting "we want the recent UN resolution containing a rapid­ Further raids were launched November tion-it is a material breach" of the UN reso­ raises," thousands of home care union fire set of ultimatums and deadlines for 18 in both the northern and southern "no­ lution, said Scott McClellan November 18. members pumped the air with signs read­ Baghdad to submit to open-ended inspec­ fly" zones established a decade ago by the The resolution outlaws "hostile acts," ing "Fair Contract for Home Care Work­ tions of an estimated 700 sites.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Security Council Fifty-Sixth Session Fifty-Sixth Year Agenda Item 166 Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism
    United Nations A/56/521–S/2001/1038 General Assembly Distr.: General 6 November 2001 Security Council English Original: Spanish General Assembly Security Council Fifty-sixth session Fifty-sixth year Agenda item 166 Measures to eliminate international terrorism Letter dated 29 October 2001 from the Permanent Representative of Cuba to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit herewith a summary prepared by the National Assembly of People’s Power of the Republic of Cuba concerning the principal terrorist actions against Cuba during the period 1990-2000 (see annex). I should be grateful if you would arrange for this letter and its annex to be circulated as a document of the General Assembly, under the item “Measures to eliminate international terrorism”, and of the Security Council. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. (Signed) Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla Ambassador Permanent Representative 01-62284 (E) 091101 121101 *0162284* A/56/521 S/2001/1038 Annex to the letter dated 29 October 2001 from the Permanent Representative of Cuba to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Summary of principal terrorist actions against Cuba (1990-2000) Since 1959, counter-revolutionary groups established and run by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have committed a number of terrorist acts, which have cost our country valuable lives and vast resources. In the early 1990s, encouraged by the collapse of the socialist camp, these groups acting from United States territory and other bases of operations in Central America intensified their violent actions against the people of Cuba and their leaders.
    [Show full text]