DOCSLIB.ORG

Um Relato De Naufrágio, Cativeiro E Resgate Sobre Tradução E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Um Relato De Naufrágio, Cativeiro E Resgate Sobre Tradução E CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Sufferings in Africa: um relato de naufrágio, cativeiro e resgate Sobre Tradução e Literatura de Viagens Tradicional Marcos Cravinho MESTRADO EM TRADUÇÃO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Sufferings in Africa: um relato de naufrágio, cativeiro e resgate Sobre Tradução e Literatura de Viagens Tradicional TRABALHO DE PROJETO DE MESTRADO EM TRADUÇÃO SOB A ORIENTAÇÃO DE: PROFESSORA DOUTORA TERESA SERUYA E PROFESSORA DOUTORA TERESA CASAL 2014 Agradecimentos Em primeiro lugar, agradeço imenso aos meus pais, sem os quais a criação deste trabalho não seria sequer possível, bem como à minha família, em particular as minhas irmãs. Um grande abraço ardente a toda a gente! Agradeço, também, às minhas orientadoras, à Senhora Professora Doutora Teresa Seruya e à Senhora Professora Doutora Teresa Casal, por todo o seu tempo e disponibilidade, assim como pelas suas correções, sugestões e, sobretudo, pelo seu encaminhamento no rumo correto, sem as quais o desenvolvimento deste Trabalho de Projeto não seria de todo exequível. Não posso deixar de agradecer o seu apoio e encorajamento em tempos mais conturbados durante a escrita deste trabalho. A quem esteve sempre a meu lado, desejo um grande obrigado! i Resumo O presente Trabalho de Projeto, submetido no âmbito do Mestrado em Tradução, tem como propósito apresentar uma tradução parcial, com base numa análise textual, da narrativa do marinheiro norte-americano James Riley, denominada Sufferings in Africa, um relato de naufrágio, cativeiro e resgate publicado em 1817, nos Estados Unidos da América (E.U.A.) e na Europa. Além, disso, levar-se-á a cabo uma pesquisa sobre a obra e biografia, o contexto histórico-cultural e o género textual em que o relato se insere, ao que se segue uma descrição da metodologia usada para levar a cabo a tradução do texto de partida (TP). Efetivamente subdividir-se-á em três capítulos e considerações finais, juntamente com a bibliografia, sendo que o texto de chegada (TC), juntamente com um glossário de terminologia náutica, e o TP serão apresentados em anexo. O primeiro capítulo será composto por uma exposição dos dados biográficos do autor e do contexto histórico-cultural, bem como uma descrição do TP, seguindo-se uma breve análise do subgénero literário em que o mesmo se insere, i.e. a Literatura de Viagens Tradicional, juntamente com um levantamento de exemplos de traduções deste tipo textual para português europeu. No segundo capítulo, levar-se-á a cabo uma exposição dos princípios teóricos e metodológicos que serviram de base e orientaram o processo tradutório, nomeadamente: o denominado Funcionalismo em Tradução e o modelo de análise textual relevante para fins tradutórios da académica Christiane Nord. Por sua vez, o terceiro capítulo consistirá num tratamento de problemas de tradução, de acordo com a hierarquia proposta por Nord, a saber: problemas culturais (ou de convenção), pragmáticos, linguísticos e específicos do TP. Refletir-se-á, também, de forma breve, sobre as opções e estratégias de tradução usadas que foram usadas para solucionar os respetivos problemas. Por fim, apresentar-se-ão as considerações finais, que se focarão na importância da análise textual do TP, bem como nos fatores envolvidos em tal operação, no âmbito do processo tradutório. Palavras-chave: James Riley, Literatura de Viagens, Funcionalismo, Análise Textual, Christiane Nord. ii Abstract The following Work Project, submitted to an M.A. in Translation, presents a partial translation, based on a textual analysis, of a narrative by the North American mariner James Riley, namely Sufferings in Africa, an account of shipwreck, captivity and redemption, published in 1817, in the United States of America (U.S.A.) and Europe. Besides that, it presents a research about the book, the author’s biography, its cultural and historical context, and the textual genre to which the text belongs, followed by a descritpion of the methodology which was used to perform the translation of the present Work Project. In fact, it is subdivided into three chapters, along with some final considerations and the bibliography, and the target text (TT), including a glossary of nautical terms, as well as the source text (ST), are attached. The first chapter caracterizes the text and its cultural, historical and literary contexts. To that effect, it oppens with the author’s biographical data and the cultural- historic context, followed by a description of the ST, and a study of the text’s literary subgenre, that is Traditional Travel Literature, concluding with a survey of translation examples of this textual subgenre in to European Portuguese. The second chapter presents the theoretical-methodological principles wich directed the translation process, namely: the so called Fuctionalism in Translation and Christiane Nord’s model of textual analysis for translation purposes. In its turn, the third chapter provides a survey of translation problems, according to the hierarchy proposed by Nord, that is: cultural (or convention), pragmatical, linguistic and ST specific problems. There is also a reflection upon translation options and strategies wich were used to solve such problems. Finally, there will be a presentation of some final considerations, in the final considerations, focusing on the importance of a textual analysis of the ST, as well as the factors involved in such operation, during the translation process. Key Words: James Riley, Travel Literature, Funcionalism, Textual Analysis, Christiane Nord. iii Índice Agradecimentos ................................................................................................................ i Resumo ............................................................................................................................ ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iii Índice .............................................................................................................................. iv Introdução ...................................................................................................................... 1 Capítulo I: Enquadramento do autor, obra e tradução 1.1. James Riley: dados biográficos e contexto histórico-cultural ............................. 4 1.2. Uma Narrativa Autêntica: descrição do texto de partida (TP) .......................... 12 1.3. Literatura de Viagens Tradicional: definição e traduções do subgénero ........... 18 Capítulo II: Princípios teórico-metodológicos do processo tradutório 2.1. Estudos de Tradução e o Funcionalismo: uma breve perspetiva ....................... 27 2.2. Modelo de análise textual relevante para fins tradutórios ................................. 29 Capítulo III: Análise textual (TP) e tratamento de problemas de tradução 3.1. Fatores extratextuais e intratextuais ................................................................... 59 3.2. Problemas de tradução ....................................................................................... 67 3.2.1. Problemas culturais (ou de convenção) ......................................................... 68 3.2.2. Problemas pragmáticos ................................................................................... 74 3.2.3. Problemas linguísticos ..................................................................................... 78 3.2.4. Problemas específicos do TP ........................................................................... 82 Considerações finais .................................................................................................... 86 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................... 88 Anexo I: Texto de Chegada (TC) (Sofrimentos em África… 2014) (incluindo um Glossário de Terminologia Náutica) Anexo II: Texto de Partida (TP) (Sufferings in Africa… 1817) iv Introdução O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma tradução parcial, baseada na análise textual, da narrativa do marinheiro norte-americano James Riley, um relato de naufrágio, cativeiro e resgate publicado nos E.U.A.. em 1817, com o seguinte título: An authentic narrative of the loss of the American brig Commerce, wrecked on the western coast of Africa, in the month of August, 1815. With an account of the sufferings of her surviving officers and crew, who were enslaved by the wandering Arabs on the great African desart, or Zahahrah; and observations historical, geographical, &c. Made during the travels of the author, while a slave to the Arabs, and in the Empire of Morocco. By James Riley, late master and supercargo. Preceded by a brief sketch of the author's life; and concluded by a description of the famous city of Tombuctoo, on the river Niger, and of another large city, far south of it, on the same river, called Wassanah; narrated to the author at Mogadore by Sidi Hamet, the Arabian merchant. With an Arabic and English vocabulary. Illustrated and embellished with ten handsome copperplate engravings. Uma vez que o título original é demasiado extenso, o texto viria a ter um título mais curto, nomeadamente: Sufferings in Africa. A Narrativa de Riley, como será referida aqui, alcançaria uma visibilidade internacional, chegando ao público europeu por meio de edições publicadas em Londres, Inglaterra (J. Murray, 1817),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A White Slave in Africa: a Re-Reading of Captivity Narratives Inas Ahmed Al-Ibrashy Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University
    Inas Ahmed al-Ibrashy A White Slave in Africa: A Re-reading of Captivity Narratives Inas Ahmed al-Ibrashy Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University Abstract The term ‘captivity narratives’ has mostly been associated with the whites who were abducted by the indigenous tribes of America and who told and re-told their experiences after their release by ransom or escape. However, they were never perceived as slaves despite their accounts of being maltreated and over-worked under inhumane circumstances. They were merely captives. On the other hand, the story of the white prisoners who were abducted by Barbary ‘walking men’ in North Africa were categorized in almost all historical and literary chronicles as ‘slaves’. Over a period of almost three centuries, from the 17th till the 19th centuries, historian John Blasingame estimates that between half a million to one million white slaves were held in North Africa. The earliest literary account is that of the narrative of Abraham Browne, under the title A Book of Remembrance of Gods Provydences towards me in 1655. This paper attempts to trace and research through the reading of three American texts the complicated master-slave relationship and the related issues of cultural exchange, the eternal cross-crescent conflict, the stereotypical demonization of the other as well as the racial and religious prejudices and biases in tandem with New World politics. The proposed texts are Captain James Riley’s An Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the Brig Commerce, wrecked on the coast of North Africa (1817) and its Sequel to Riley’s Narrative published a decade later from the personal possessions of Riley’s son.
    [Show full text]
  • 173 CAP'l'ain RILEY:S NARRATIV·£
    .'173 CAP'l'AIN RILEY:S NARRATIV·£ . sand Moors and four thousand Jews. The walls of the present town, including the fortress, are, about one mile in circumference. The inhabitan ts, of the city are supplied with good water, brought in kegs on asses from the brook that washes its northern walls. All (he cattle, sheep, &c. that are owned in and feed near S'fee, are driven within the walls every night, and from its appearance, no dirt is ever carried out of the city: the filth in the st,eets was in many parts two feet deep at the least, so that it was quite im­ possible for me to get alnng through the mire with­ out being besmeared with it up to my knees. l"'ass­ ing along one street as well as I could pick my way, I lost both my shoes in the mud, but some Jew boys recovered them again,; for which service I had to pay them half a dollar. The bay of Saffy is formed by the projection of Oape Cantin ; is very spacious, and well defended by that cape from the common trade winds. Vessels visiting that place are obliged to anchor very broad in the offing, and where the ground is said to be verr fonl: the landing-place is either on a sand beach, upon which the surf breaks with considerable violence, or else in among some rocks, where there was formerly a kind of basin, which is now nearly filled up with sand. There were about'twenty fishing boats on this beach, which were in a bad state of repair.
    [Show full text]
  • Selling Captain Riley^ How Did His 'Narrative'' Become So Well Known?
    Selling Captain Riley^ How Did His 'Narrative'' Become So Well Known? DONALD J. RATCLIFFE AMES RÏLEY'S extraordinary tale of shipwreck, enslavement, and liberation captiyated many American readers in the nine- teenth century and does so again in the twenty-first. Generally Jknown by the spine title, Capt. Riley''sNarrative {OT Riley's Nanntive), tbe book tells of peril on tbe bigb seas in 1815, of shipwreck on tbe nortbwest African coast, slavery in tbe Sabara, sale in mid-desert to an Arab mercbant interested in ransoming Riley and four crew- men, and an arduous and perilous journey to freedom in Morocco.' I owe a deep debt to the many good folk at the American Antiquarian Society (AAS) who over the years have advised me on what bas been a nagging research hobby. I must mention in particular tbe friendly encouragement, generous advice, and positive help given to me there by tbe late Bill Gilmore-Lehnc. iMore recently I have benefited hugely from the interest, advice, and detailed suggestions of James Green of the Library Com- pany of Philadelphia, who drew my attention to many of the sources named below. I am also grateful for practical help and advice to Dean King, Joyce Alig, Ricb.ird Morgan, and an anonymous reviewer for this ¡ournal. I. Jjiines Riley, An Authentic NaiTative of the Loss of rhe /huerican Brig Commeixe, Wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa, in the Month of August, iSi^. With the Suffhings of bei' Surviving Officers and Crew, Who were Enslaved ¡ly the Wandering Arabs on the Great African DesaH.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: England and Mediterranean Captivity,” in Daniel J
    N o t e s I n t r o d u c t i o n 1. “American Vessels Captured by the Corsairs of Algiers, in October 1793,” Diary or London’s Register 1, no. 119, New York (March 15, 1794) : 2; Richard B. Parker, Uncle Sam in Barbary: A Diplomatic History (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004), 214–215; Brooke Hunter, “Wheat, War and the American Economy during the Age of Revolution,” The William and Mary Quarterly 62, no. 3 (2005): 505–506. 2 . J o h n F o s s , A Journal of Captivity and Suffering of John Foss, Several Years a Prisoner at Algiers , 2nd ed. (Newburyport, MA: Published According to an Act of Congress, n.d.), 60–61. Captured in 1814, the Dutch Captain Gerrit Metzon described a similar experience. Daniel Panzac, Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800–1820 , trans. by Victoria Hobson and compiled by John E. Hawkes (Boston, MA: Brill, 2005), 98–99. 3 . F o s s , Journal , Preface, 147–160. 4 . R o b e r t C . D a v i s , Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 23; Robert C. Davis, “Counting European Slaves on the Barbary Coast,” Past & Present no. 172 (2001): 87–124. 5. Martha Elena Rojas, “‘Insults Unpunished’: Barbary Captives, American Slaves, and the Negotiations of Liberty,” Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1, no. 1 (2003): 159–186; Frank Lambert, The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World (New York: Hill and Wang, 2005); Parker, Uncle Sam ; Lawrence A.
    [Show full text]
  • Captivity Narratives and the Evolution of Anglo-American Identities from the Colonial to the Early National Period
    1 TRANSATLANTIC TRIANGULATIONS: CAPTIVITY NARRATIVES AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANGLO-AMERICAN IDENTITIES FROM THE COLONIAL TO THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD A dissertation presented By Neval Avci to The Department of English In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the field of English Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December, 2016 2 TRANSATLANTIC TRIANGULATIONS: CAPTIVITY NARRATIVES AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANGLO-AMERICAN IDENTITIES FROM THE COLONIAL TO THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD. A dissertation presented By Neval Avci ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University December, 2016 3 ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the discursive creation and consolidation of Anglo- Colonial and Anglo-American identities from the early modern period through the early nineteenth century. In formulating my argument, I turn to various texts including early modern English accounts of the Islamic East, Barbary captivity narratives written by early modern English and early American subjects, as well as Indian captivity narratives penned by English colonists in North America. In particular, I examine the role of Ottoman/Muslim and English encounters and experiences in relation to Anglo-Atlantic and Anglo-American identity formation. In my examination of these encounters, I complicate the notion of binary opposition as suggested by Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism. Instead, I propose a triangular model in which figures of Islam assume the role of catalyzers and encourage Western subjects to reconsider and reconfigure their identity against their own countrymen.
    [Show full text]
  • Captain James Riley Escaping from the Native Arabs on the Coast of Africa with the Brig Commerce in the Background
    FEBRUARY 2017 SURVEYING ECONOMICS Thought Leader Surveying History Decided Guidance Our own worst enemy Following the footsteps Staying within your survey JamesCaptain RileyThe Sea, the Sahara, the Swamp and the Sea » JOSEPH D. FENICLE, PS Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • February 2017 • Copyright 2017 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com Bottom Left: A sketch from An Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce shows Captain James Riley escaping from the Native Arabs on the Coast of Africa with the Brig Commerce in the Background. JOSEPH D. FENICLE, PS A Map of Part of Africa » by John Eddy from 1816 shows the route of the Brig Commerce and the route Riley was taken across the Sahara desert by the Native Arabs. hen Deputy Surveyor Benjamin working in the Great Black Swamp of Northwest Ohio and Hough crossed the Maumee River following in the footsteps of Hough a mere six years later. in Ohio on September 29, 1815, James Riley was the Captain of the American Brig Captain James Riley was half Commerce. On August 28, 1815, while Hough was traveling way across the world stripped to Fort Defiance from the North Cape of Maumee Bay, the nakedW and tortured into what seemed to be a life of Brig Commerce crashed into the rocks of Western Africa. slavery. Hough along with 12 crew members surveyed the Native Arabs, possibly carnivorous, stabbed and captured Michigan Meridian North while Riley and 11 shipmates one of their crew members while the rest of the crew were strapped on the backs of camels and marched across watched in horror as the scene unfolded.
    [Show full text]
  • RANSOMING POLICIES and PRACTICES in the WESTERN and CENTRAL BILAD AL-SUDAN Cl800-1910
    RANSOMING POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL BILAD AL-SUDAN cl800-1910 JENNIFER LOFKRANTZ A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY, TORONTO, ONTARIO JULY 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46002-3 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46002-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • 228 the Wall Was Not Quite So High in That Part As Else. Where. Two Baltering Machines Were Standing Against the Western Angle O
    228 the wall was not quite so high in that part as else. where. Two baltering machines were standing against the western angle of the wall, opposite to which a large practicable breach had been made by means of one of those machines. They were both very simple in their structure, but calculated to be yery powerful in their effects. r could distinctly see and examine with my eyes the one nearest to us. It was formed, as it appeared to me, in the first place, by laying down two large logs of wood at right an­ gles with the wall, and abou t fifteen feet apart, the ends of the logs butting against the wall. (See plate, figure 4.) Into the upper side of each of these logs a nitch or !Dol'tise was cut to receive the th ick ends of two uprights, consisting of two rOilgh trunks of trees, of about twelve inches in diameter at their base, of eq lIal lengths, and rising to the height of about twenty-five or thirty feel. Each upl'ight had a crotch in its upper end, formed by ti,e' natural branching of the two principal . limbs Of the tree, like a common country well-post in America. These crotches being, rounded out by art, a stout piece of knotty timber of about frolll twelve to eighteen inches i;;- thickness was placed horizontally in them. To the centre of the cross-picce a pole of ten or tweh'e inches in circumference was lashed with a strong rope, and (0 the lower end of this pole, a huge rough rock was fastened, weighing from ap­ pearances several tons.
    [Show full text]
  • James Riley Sufferings in Africa Pdf
    James riley sufferings in africa pdf Continue Listed by Abraham Lincoln, along with the Bible and the progress of pilgrims as one of the books that most influenced his life, several true stories of adventure and survival are as amazing as this one. Shipwrecked off the west coast of North Africa in August 1815, James Riley and his team had no idea about the trials awaiting them when they packed their washed-ashore belongings. They were captured by a group of nomadic Arabs, herded through the Sahara desert, beaten, forced to witness startling atrocities, sold into slavery, and starved. Riley watched most of his team die one by one, killed by cruelty or whimsy as his own weight dropped from 240 pounds to just 90 on his rescue. First published in 1817, this dramatic saga soon became a national bestseller with more than a million copies sold. Even today, it is rare to find a narrative that illuminates the degradation of slave existence with such brutal honesty. This article contains a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it does not have enough relevant link. Please help improve this article by entering more accurate quotes. (October 2019) (Learn how and when to delete this template message) James Riley Bourne (1777-10-27)27 October 1777Mdletown, ConnecticutDiedMarch 13, 1840 (1840-03-13) (age 62)In The SeaOccupation Captain, writerSpouse (s) Feb. 1802 Children5 James Riley (October 27, 1777 - March 13, 1840) was the captain of the U.S. merchant ship trade. James Riley was born in Middletown, Connecticut, on October 27, 1777.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek War for Independence and the Emergence of American Reform Moveme:~Ts, 1780-1860
    "THE GREEK FIRE": THE GREEK WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE AND THE EMERGENCE OF AMERICAN REFORM MOVEME:~TS, 1780-1860 by Maureen Connors Santelli A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History Director Department Chairperson Program Director Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Summer Semester 2014 George Mason University Fairfax, VA • J “The Greek Fire”: The Greek War for Independence and the Emergence of American Reform Movements, 1780-1860 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Maureen Connors Santelli Master of Arts George Mason University, 2008 Director: Rosemarie Zagarri, Professor Department of History Summer Semester 2014 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my loving and supportive husband, Steve. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the many friends, relatives, and supporters who encouraged me throughout my journey as a graduate student at George Mason University. I especially would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Rosemarie Zagarri, who has been an irreplaceable mentor throughout my graduate career, providing me with essential support and wisdom. I also would like to thank my committee members, Drs. Cynthia Kierner and Mack Holt, who provided invaluable suggestions and guidance. The many research repositories to which I travelled aided me in my research, especially The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. In addition, I would like to thank my good friend, Jenny Reeder, who read portions of my work and was a tireless cheerleader throughout the process.
    [Show full text]