The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment
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DWLBC REPORT The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment 2003/19 The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment Kim Teoh Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation June 2006 Report DWLBC 2003/19 Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au Disclaimer Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2007 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. ISBN-13 978-1-921218-46-0 Preferred way to cite this publication Teoh, K 2007, The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment, DWLBC Report 2003/19, Government of South Australia, through Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide. FOREWORD South Australia’s unique and precious natural resources are fundamental to the economic and social wellbeing of the State. It is critical that these resources are managed in a sustainable manner to safeguard them both for current users and for future generations. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) strives to ensure that our natural resources are managed so that they are available for all users, including the environment. In order for us to best manage these natural resources it is imperative that we have a sound knowledge of their condition and how they are likely to respond to management changes. DWLBC scientific and technical staff continues to improve this knowledge through undertaking investigations, technical reviews and resource modelling. Rob Freeman CHIEF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF WATER, LAND AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Report DWLBC 2003/19 iii The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment Report DWLBC 2003/19 iv The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study is funded by the Mt Lofty Ranges Initiative Program with the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) as the lead agency, in partnership with the Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment Water Management Board (NABCWMB), now forming part of the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board, and the South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water). In particular, the writer wishes to thank Rob Leaney, Bruce Murdoch and Tony Thomson for their assistance in data analysis, David Cresswell for his comments in writing this report and Richard Clark of Richard Clark and Associates for his peer review. Report DWLBC 2003/19 v The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment Report DWLBC 2003/19 vi The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment CONTENTS FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................1 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................3 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................5 1.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................5 1.2 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................5 1.3 APPROACH TO STUDY ..........................................................................................5 2. CATCHMENT DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................7 2.1 OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................7 2.2 CATCHMENT SUBDIVISION...................................................................................9 2.2.1 Major subcatchments ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Minor subcatchments ...................................................................................................... 9 2.3 FARM DAMS ............................................................................................................9 2.3.1 Comparison with Sinclair Knight Merz data................................................................... 12 2.4 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND CONSUMPTION DATA.....................................12 2.5 LAND USE AND IRRIGATION VOLUME ...............................................................15 2.5.1 Irrigated area ................................................................................................................. 16 2.5.2 Non irrigated area.......................................................................................................... 16 2.5.3 Irrigation volume ............................................................................................................ 16 2.5.4 Ratio of irrigation water to farm dam storage ................................................................ 16 3. CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY.........................................................................................19 3.1 RAINFALL ..............................................................................................................19 3.1.1 Data availability and validation ...................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 21 3.2 EVAPORATION......................................................................................................24 3.2.1 Streamflow data availability ........................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.3 Streamflow data for modelling....................................................................................... 26 3.2.4 Limitations of streamflow data for the Middle and Upper catchments........................... 28 4. MODELLING..................................................................................................................31 4.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................31 4.2 MODEL CONSTRUCTION.....................................................................................31 4.3 MODEL CALIBRATION..........................................................................................32 Report DWLBC 2003/19 vii The Impact of Farm Dam Development on the Surface Water Resources of the South Para River Catchment CONTENTS 5. RESULTS.......................................................................................................................37 5.1 MODELLING SCENARIOS ....................................................................................37 5.2 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS..........................................38 5.3 RESULT 1—CURRENT AND PREDEVELOPMENT RESOURCE AVAILABILITY ........................................................................................................39 5.3.1 Current catchment flows (scenario 1)............................................................................ 39 5.3.2 Pre-development catchment flows (scenario 2) ............................................................ 40 5.3.3 Rainfall runoff relationships ........................................................................................... 41 5.3.4 Runoff coefficients ......................................................................................................... 41 5.4 RESULT 2—IMPACTS OF FARM DAMS ON MONTHLY FLOWS........................44 5.5 RESULT 3—EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ASSUMED LEVELS OF WATER USE ON CATCHMENT YIELDS.............................................................................44