MARCH 7, 2017

HERITAGE STATEMENT OLD BOILER HOUSE, WARLIES PARK GARDENS,

JANICE GOOCH JANICE GOOCH HERITAGE CONSULTANCY Job No: 17/022 Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Document Control Grid Project Name The Old Boiler House, Warlies Gardens Author(s) and contact details Janice Gooch MSc CHE AssocRICS IHBC ACIfA Origination date March 2017 Reviser(s) JG Date of last revision July 2017 Version B Summary of changes Confirmation of Design & Works Client Reference The Old Boiler House, Warlies Gardens

Contents Document Control Grid ...... 1 Summary ...... 2 Planning Guidelines ...... 2 Description ...... 2 Development of the Building ...... 3 Setting of heritage asset ...... 5 Planning History ...... 5 Significance ...... 5 Condition of the asset ...... 6 Proposed Scheme ...... 6 Design considerations ...... 6 Materials to be used ...... 6 Building Control ...... 6 Impact Assessment:...... 7 Impact on Listed Building ...... 7 Impact on Conservation Area ...... 8 Appendix 1 - Photographs ...... 9 Appendix 2 – Listing Description ...... 18 Appendix 3 – Information on Architect - Samuel Teulon...... 19 Appendix 4 – Historic Environment Records (HER) – Warlies Park ...... 21 Appendix 5 - Assessment of Significance Summary...... 26 Appendix 6 – History of Warlies Park ...... 29

1 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Summary This is a Conservation Statement and Impact Assessment for the proposed works to the Old Boiler House.

Warlies Park Gardens is within the setting of the Grade II listed building – Warlies Park House.

A copy of the listing description is available at: https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the- list/list-entry/1306282

Within the grounds/ setting, there are a number of listed buildings – refer to Appendix 4. However, these are deemed remote to the setting of the proposed scheme as there are within the larger estate and located on the opposite side of the walled garden where our scheme is proposed. The proposed scale and mass of the scheme is working within the perimeters of the existing building/ footprint of previous development.

The site is also located within the Upshire Conservation Area: http://www.eppingforestdc.gov.uk/index.php/home/file-store/category/80-upshire-conservation- area

Planning Guidelines To comply with National Policy Planning Framework (2012) section 12, this statement provides:

• An understanding to the significance of the heritage asset • An understanding to the setting of heritage assets • An assessment of the impact of the proposed works on the heritage asset • An assessment of the impact of the proposed works on the setting of the heritage assets

This statement has been undertaken with the consideration of the level and extent of the proposed works, and is not to be considered as a full historical report or conservation plan.

A good history of the site (Appendix 6) has previously been undertaken which compliments a good HER (Appendix 4).

Description A history of the main house has been compiled by the owner Mr Chris Relph and is attached in Appendix 6. A detailed HER exists for the estate, and a copy of the Houses HER is included within this document, Appendix 4. Therefore, within the main body of the Heritage Statement a history of the site has not been included.

Background

Like many estates across England, the rise and fall of estates has resulted in the loss of many. This has been due to the separation of many estates through section of land and assets being sold, especially after World War I, separated to allow children/ family to inherit among many other reasons.

2 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Warlies Park could now be considered as one of the luckier estates as this separation was undertaken, but now is being integrated back together again. Mr Relph bought the main house, and its joining School building and stable block in the 1990s when the property was being sold off. These building had slowly been converted into office use, and Mr Relph continued the conversion. Recently Mr Relph had the opportunity to purchase Warlies Gardens, which until recently had been used as a commercial plant nursery.

Warlies Gardens consists of a walled garden and to the north of the walled garden there is a collection of buildings which form the estate outbuildings. Until recently, the walled garden and the ground outside the confines of the ‘estate yard’ were large commercial greenhouses, which have now been cleared. Evidence of these can still be seen with standing pipes for watering, chimneys and small sections of hardstanding.

Development of the Building Gardens and Outbuildings Estates relied on many people and many aspects to make them work. Due to the efforts of The National Trust, and other organisations, many great houses survive, however, many of the smaller estates have been lost, and even more of the estate outbuildings or the grounds associated with them, have been demolition, sold off or have been developed to allow enabling development for the protection of the main house.

Within architectural and social history, gardens and outbuildings had been long forgotten, with preservation concentrating on large houses, or major country estate seats. However, gardens and the wider estates form an important part of our history, and demonstrate an important aspect of our architectural and social past. In the past few years our understanding of garden design has developed. It is now acknowledged that our idea of pleasure gardens developed in the late 17th/ early 18th century when the middle classes started to appear. This new class had more leisure time and a disposable income, which therefore enabled more time for pleasure pursuits.

Garden design first appeared in the 16th century, with formal, architecturally designed room formats developing into the less formal landscaped gardens of the 18th century, such as the wonders created by Capability Brown. However, these vast gardens or the high maintenance of the formal gardens were out of the reach of most, but these styles were adapted and tweaked which resulted in the more formal, yet compact layouts often set within a walled garden. The walls also allowed for fragile or more exotic plants to be grown, allowing for solar gain and wind protection that the walls offered.

Glasshouses prior to the late 17th century were for the elite due to the high cost of glass and the cost of heating them during the winter months. When England developed the technology and skills to mass produce glass, glasshouses became in the reach of the higher classes, and were seen as important item within the garden. This ‘fashion’ continued until the early Victorian era, when the idea of seeing plants propagated and over wintered was something not to be seen by ‘polite’ society, and therefore, glasshouses were moved out of sight.

Gardens have changed and developed both with architectural style changes, and with demand on space, personal wishes, general development and even specific challenges, such as the ‘Dig for Victory’ campaign during World War II. Due to the nature of gardens, little archaeological evidence generally remains of previous schemes and landscapes, particularly in smaller gardens where the infrastructure is usually less permanent. In most gardens, it is the boundary treatments, such as the walls that remain, rather than planting schemes, paths, or even glass houses.

3 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Outbuildings have followed the lack of understandings historically, resulting in the loss of these important buildings. Often built with lower quality materials, specific uses (stables, coal/wood stores, coach houses, accommodation for staff) and to a low standard, it is understandable why these often under recognised heritage assets get overlooked and lost. For some time, they often considered not ‘pretty’ and therefore limited protection was offered them. Like gardens, this aspect of understanding the historical significance of these buildings has changed.

These buildings were constructed as working buildings, and were often altered, amended, tweaked, changed, developed and demolition as and when, with little regard to either historical/architectural significance, or even to structural stability. These buildings were battered and abused on a regular basis, and suffered worse than main houses when estates started to decline, and the members of staff were reduced or removed. These buildings were no longer used, or converted to take modern ‘labour saving’ equipment, such as tractors or steam engines.

The main house pre-dates 1519, but has developed and expanded to undertake the modern requirements of living from most of its owners, and this forms an integral part of its history and significance. An 1870s OS maps shows the estate, walled garden and some outbuildings to the north of the Walled Garden. These remain on the OS maps until the 1896 map.

During the few years before the 1896 map was created, we understand that the Stable Block was constructed as a wedding gift. When the new bride moved in, she was surprised by the cramped quarters of the house and convinced her husband to add the Gothic-style North Wing, designed by Samuel Teulon (1812-1873) which was completed in 1879. It would appear that during these major works, the current outbuildings were rebuilt, and the house to the North of the Walled Garden / Estate yard was enlarged and altered. Within the Walled Garden, the layout was altered with the removal of the small, formal squares and foot paths, and the formation of more open grass areas and trees planted, with a central path. Sections of the wall were replaced, as can be seen by the black brick diamond details which match the Stable Block.

Looking at the wall which forms the walled garden, there appears to be two types of capping to the wall. This would be expected due to the age and length of the wall. However, looking at the bricks, the bonds and the gate piers by the main house, the wall has been patched and repaired numerous times. The gate piers are similar style, but not a matching pair. The style and finish is similar to those found in 17th century estates. These piers are slightly different, so I believe that one is mid--1600s, with the other pier a later ‘copy’ or rebuild. This would indicate that sections of the wall also date from a similar period.

The Boiler House first appears on the 1960s OS map, but it is believed that this building was slightly earlier (but not part of the 1896 works), and extended in the 1950s to form the building seen today. It was built, as many out buildings were, to serve a particular function, and was built to a lower standard than a main house. The Boiler House sits adjacent to the Walled Garden wall, with opening made in the wall to allow access. It would appear that there were at least two more alterations undertaken, which are difficult to date, but would appear much more recent.

The first greenhouses within the walled garden appear on the 1935 OS maps. It is highly likely that when the glasshouses were being used as a commercial business, so the boiler house was altered to suit the needs and provide heat for the greenhouses located both within, and outside the walled garden. As this was a working environment, little consideration for the historic significance of the wall was undertaken, and resulted in the poor opening up of the garden wall to allow access into the walled garden.

4 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Setting of heritage asset The house and the gardens are inter-related, and should be seen as a group. Without the formal house, the gardens and associated buildings have limited significance. As alluded to earlier, the relationship between the main house and the estate has been lost on many occasions, and this is a rare example where it has been possible to reconnect the estate together.

The surrounding area still retains the estate cottages, the surrounding farms (Home Farm, etc.) and the landscaping of the fish ponds, obelisk, etc., for the larger gardens and ‘wilderness’, though the wider estate is now under several owners. Planning History A comprehensive list of the Planning & Listed Building Consent applications has been set out in the planning statement. Significance The Boiler House itself has limited significance within the understanding of the estate. Historic maps indicate that this building was constructed/ enlarged for the commercial nursery, rather than part of the former estate. However, the later uses are just as important as the original uses and should be taken into account when assessing the significance of the building.

The Boiler House is a lowly constructed building, and has been altered and changed on at least three occasions. The final works give the building a distinctive utilitarian appearance, and provides space for workshop and storage. Internally, there is limited evidence of the former use of the boiler which appears to have been removed a long time ago. Outside the building, the concrete base for the fuel tank can still be seen.

The significance of the property is with the relationship with the later use of the walled garden and the Estate yard. As previously mentioned, country estates have changed dramatically in the last 100 years, many, including Warlies House, being used for commercial uses, tourist destinations, or converted into apartments. The estate grounds to these properties therefore have often been lost, either through enabling development, with the mass construction of housing, or other uses, such as Warlies Gardens being used as a nursey for plants. These later developments form a part of our heritage. This change and progression is part of a country estate, such as the formation of the new stable block and estate yard buildings in the Victorian era, the changing of the layout and later use of the wall garden, each tell their own story.

In itself, the Old Boiler house has limited architectural or historical significance. There are no unique or revolutionary construction methods employed, and it does not form part of the estate yard collection of buildings. Within the Warlies Park estate, it is a stand-alone item. The architecture is different to that of the surrounding groups of buildings, and its setting is slightly more exposed to the ‘polite’ view than the other outbuildings.

The wall which forms the Walled Garden however is of high significance. The wall has been altered, amended and in sections rebuilt, such as the corner by the Stable block with the decorative brickwork detail. Parts of the wall appear to date from the earlier period of the house. These early/mid 17th century sections originally formed the formal gardens, and sections of these piers remain. New gate piers have been formed, either allowing for a change of size for access (often undertaken to take into account fashionable clothes and social etiquette), adapt to the changing layout of the Walled Garden or to replace the soft early red bricks. More recent vehicle access has

5 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey been formed by the main house, this was presumably undertaken to allow easy access to the nursery. Condition of the asset Overall the building is in poor condition and has until recently had limited maintenance undertaken. A full condition survey has been undertaken for the building, and this should be referred to.

Proposed Scheme It is proposed to convert the existing structure to form a new 3No bedroom dwelling, incorporating the Walled Garden wall and the existing openings within this wall.

Design considerations The design of any proposed scheme needs to reflect the relationship and hierarchy of the estate buildings, stable block and the main house. The design should not be deemed to compete within the tier of building status.

The design has taken into account the current scale of the Old Boiler house, neighbouring buildings and the walled garden. The design follows the existing design of low roof line, with the gable ends facing the main elevations and the full-size glazing infilling exiting double doors.

The design has followed the contemporary design of the current Boiler House, allowing this building to be read and understood as a later development to the estate. This has followed the previous works and buildings undertaken, such as the Victorian Stable Block and the modern addition of the former School building. Materials to be used External:

The proposed building has retained a limited palette of materials, allowing a visual distinction between the ground and first floor, which makes the design of the building appear linear along the walled garden wall. This ensures that the eye follows the wall and is not distracted by the building. The horizontal timber cladding follows the linear approach, and softens the appearance of the building.

The use of slate on the roof covering allows a shallower pitch to be formed, as well as reflecting the lower status of the building compared to the higher status stable block and main house.

The large glazing reinforces the contemporary design ethos. It also enhances the openness of former barns, cart sheds, and estate buildings.

Building Control At present, there has been no proposals to ascertain Building Regulation compliance. However, it should be noted that the proposed conversion of the building will required consideration of these regulations, in particular:

• Thermal efficiency (Conservation of Fuel & Power) • Acoustic separation • Fire protection

6 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

• Fire Detection • Security to the building

These can have an impact on the character and appearance of the building, more specifically they can have an impact on the historic fabric. However, these are not defined until planning and listed building consent has been approved for the scheme. However, it should be noted that consideration of the listing status can be taken into account with building regulations, particularly in thermal efficiency.

Impact Assessment: In 2008, the then English Heritage (now Historic England) published their ‘Conservation Principles, Policies & Guidance’, which provided a framework and guidance on which to assess proposed works to historic buildings and other heritage assets.

Within this document, they defined ‘conservation’ as:

‘the process of managing change to a significant place in it setting in ways that will best sustain its heritage values, while recognising opportunities to reveal or reinforce those values for present and future generation’

It is this advice and ethos that the proposed impact of the works is assessed against the ‘special architectural and historic interest’ and significance of the building and its setting. Impact on Listed Building The significance of the estate is the gradual development of the estate and the relationships with the other estate related buildings and the wider landscape. The main house forms the heart of the estate, by being the dominant building by its higher status, control and dominance over the remaining estate.

The proposed design follows this ethos and precedent, and allows the main house to retain its prominence within the overall setting of the estate. The proposed scheme continues the gradual development and progression of the country estate, without the mass development or major changes often requested or undertaken.

The scale, size and mass of the building reflects the existing building, with the proposed building materials enhancing this relationship. The design and material choice reflect the more modern structure of the current Boiler House, and does not look to compete with the estate. It is clearly a building of its time, which allows the development of the estate to be read clearly.

The additional advantage of having a domestic dwelling close to the main house brings back some of the original relationship and movement to the estate, particularly by the traffic and domestic additions that usually accompany a home. The boundaries of the proposed scheme have been taken into account, and is reflected in the landscaping considerations.

The main house still remains the focal point of the estate, and the relationship it has with the walled garden and the ‘estate facilities’ remains that of class separation as it would have been at the estates height.

7 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

It is therefore considered that the proposed scheme does not cause harm to the setting the listed buildings, nor does it cause harm or loss of historic fabric to either the Walled Garden wall or any estate significant buildings.

As part of the prosed scheme, repairs will be undertaken to the Garden Wall. These repairs will be undertaken to the sensitivity of the wall, acknowledging the change of materials (mixes of lime, types of brick and capping detail) to reflect the development of the wall. Impact on Conservation Area It is considered that the character of the conservation area will not be effected by the proposed scheme due to its protected location within the estate.

The good quality design which works with the development of the estate is seen as a positive for any future proposed schemes or works.

8 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 1 - Photographs

Figure 1 - front elevation to main house

Figure 2 - stable block

9 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 3 - decorative brick detailing to stable block

Figure 4 - decorative brick detailing reflected in Walled Garden wall

10 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 5 - brick piers to Walled Garden

Figure 6 - entrance to Estate Yard

11 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 7 - distinctive style within Estate Yard - constructed as a group

Figure 8 - Estate Yard - architectural style very different from Boiler House

12 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 9 - former Boiler House - modern extensions and additions form a distinct building to the other estate yard buildings

Figure 10 - close up of part of former Boiler House

13 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 11 - front and side elevation of Boiler House

Figure 12 - side elevation and connection to wall

14 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 13 - inside Boiler House

Figure 14 - inside Boiler House

15 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 15 - Boiler House from inside the Walled Garden

Figure 16 - newer openings made within Walled Garden to allow the space to be used for commercial use

16 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Figure 17 - large opening within the Wall - showing various stages and changes with concrete lintels, brick infills and steel lintel

Figure 18 - Walled Garden wall with additions to higher co the wall for building of Boiler House

17 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 2 – Listing Description WARLIES PARK HOUSE

List Entry Summary

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: WARLIES PARK HOUSE

List entry Number: 1306282

Location

WARLIES PARK HOUSE

Grade: II

Date first listed: 22-Mar-1974

UID: 117706

List entry Description

UPSHIRE 1. 1767 Warlies Park House TL 40 SW 7/194 II GV 2. Late C18 and early C19 stucco house of 2 storeys with sash windows in reveals, cornice and low parapet, Welsh slated hipped roof.

Entrance front, remodelled 1879 by S S Teulon, of grey brick with sasy windows under red and black brick segmental arches. 2 storey stucco bay with porch. Heavy brackets to cornice. Long north wing added by Teulon 1879, similar to entrance front but with casement windows, central steeple, gable on left oversailing ground floor on 4 large black painted brackets. Roundel in gable carries date. VCH, v, pp.154, 155. The original C18 staircase was removed in the 1920's to Woodredon House.

Warlies Park House, temple and obelisk form a group.

Listing NGR: TL4144001303

Selected Sources

Books and journals Doubleday, AH, Page, W, The Victoria History of the County of Essex, (1966), 154 155

National Grid Reference: TL 41440 01303

18 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 3 – Information on Architect - Samuel Teulon Teulon, Samuel Sanders (1812–1873), architect, was born on 2 March 1812 at Hillside, Crooms Hill, , the eldest of the four sons of Samuel Teulon (b. 1785), cabinet-maker (later a surveyor) of Greenwich, and his wife, Louisa Sanders from Rotherhithe. His father's family was of Huguenot origin and he retained an allegiance to this French connection. In 1835 Teulon married Harriet Bayne (d. 1866), with whom he had six sons (two died in infancy and the eldest became principal of Chichester Theological College) and four daughters.

Teulon attended the Royal Academy Schools and was then articled to the architects George Legg and George Porter, before starting his own practice in London in 1838. He spent much of 1841–2 travelling and sketching on the continent with, among others, and Horace Jones, both later architects of distinction.

Teulon developed a vigorous and idiosyncratic Gothic style: indeed he has come to be regarded as the chief among the rogue architects of the mid-Victorian Gothic revival (cf. H. R. Goodhart Rendel, Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 56, 1949, 251). He obtained few commissions for public buildings because, after his early success, he declined to enter the competitions, but he acquired connections with the landed and wealthy, including the royal family, and as a result designed several spectacular country houses. Clients valued his highly individual command of the Gothic language and came to respect him as a reliable man of business. Among the most notable of his houses were: Shadwell, Norfolk (1856–60), for Lady Buxton; Tortworth Court, Gloucestershire (1849–53), built for the second earl of Ducie; Bestwood Park, Nottinghamshire (1862–4), for the tenth duke of St Albans; and Elvetham Hall, (1859–62), for Lord Calthorpe. All these are in the most energetic high Victorian style, with a rich multiplicity of towers and gables, and a studiously observed asymmetry. His many churches are equally eclectic, with frequent use of the patterned brickwork and polychromy more often associated with William Butterfield. The most striking surviving examples are: at Burringham, Lincolnshire (1856–7); his vigorous recasting of St Mary's, Ealing (1863–74); Huntley, Gloucestershire (1861–3), with clear echoes of Burges at Cardiff Castle; Hunstanworth, co. Durham (1862–3); Leckhampsted, Berkshire (1859–60); St Mark's, Silvertown, in London's docklands (1862); St Thomas's, Wells (1856–7); as well as Woodchester, Gloucestershire (1862–3), and his two essays in neo-Romanesque at Hawkley, Hampshire (1865), and Oare, Wiltshire (1857–8). His masterpiece was St Stephen's, Rosslyn Hill, (1869–75), finished after Teulon's death by Ewan Christian. Teulon's most prominently sited non-ecclesiastical work is the Buxton memorial fountain (1861–6) in Victoria Tower Gardens, Westminster, a richly decorated structure with Gothic arches and a much repaired spire of iron and enamel.

Teulon died on 2 May 1873 in his house, Tensleys, The Green, Hampstead, and was buried under a simple tomb in . He left a substantial estate of nearly £30,000.

J. M. Richards, rev. M. J. Saunders

Sources

M. J. Saunders, ‘Samuel Sanders Teulon, 1812–1873: a pragmatic rogue’, The architectural outsiders, ed. R. Brown (1985), 132–52 · M. J. Saunders, The churches of S. S. Teulon (1982) · The Ecclesiologist · The Builder · two sketchbooks, RIBA BAL · Principal Registry of the Family Division, London, 1872 (2) 387 · Bedfordshire County RO, Russell MSS, R4/4140 etc. · CGPLA Eng. & Wales (1873) · Dir. Brit. archs. · d. cert. · private information (2004)

19 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Archives

Essex RO, Colchester, reports, accounts, and plans relating to Great Birch rectory · priv. coll., drawings · RIBA, nomination papers

Likenesses photograph, 1872, RIBA BAL [see illus.] · photograph, RIBA BAL

Wealth at death under £30,000: probate, 1873, CGPLA Eng. & Wales

© University Press 2004–16

All rights reserved: see legal notice

J. M. Richards, ‘Teulon, Samuel Sanders (1812–1873)’, rev. M. J. Saunders, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2005 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38055, accessed 7 March 2017]

Samuel Sanders Teulon (1812–1873): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38055

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38055

Accessed 07/03/017 – 15:09

20 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 4 – Historic Environment Records (HER) – Warlies Park

National Heritage List: 4 Results

TEMPLE PARK COTTAGE AT WARLIES PARK, TEMPLE PARK Listing FERNHALL LANE, UPSHIRE, Waltham Abbey, II

COTTAGE AT W... Epping Forest, Essex

WARLIES PARK WARLIES PARK HOUSE, UPSHIRE, Waltham Listing II

HOUSE Abbey, Epping Forest, Essex

HOME FARMHOUSE AT WARLIES PARK, HOME FARMHOUSE Listing FERNHALL LANE, UPSHIRE, Waltham Abbey, II

AT WARLIE... Epping Forest, Essex

The Temple, Not Applicable to Scheduling Waltham Abbey, Epping Forest, Essex

Temple Hill,... this List Entry

NMR Excavation: 1 Result

Description: No publication further to the note in Essex Archaeology and History vol 9 (1977) was proposed for this site.

Parish: WALTHAM ABBEY

District: EPPING FOREST

County: ESSEX

Grid reference: TL4190001000

Map reference: [ EPSG:27700 ] 541900, 201000

Identifiers: [ ADS ] Depositor ID - 637556

Church Heritage Record:

0 record –

HE Pastscape:

Error on search

21 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Parks & Gardens:

2 Results

Debden Hall Essex, Epping Forest, Loughton

Warlies Park Essex, Epping Forest, Waltham Abbey

Images of England:

3 results – Home Farm House, Temple Park Cottages & Warlies Park House

Viewfinder:

No results

Essex HER:

7 results – history of

Warlies, Waltham Abbey WALTHAM ABBEY

The Temple, The Temple Hill, Warlies Park WALTHAM ABBEY

West edge of 'Warlies Park' WALTHAM ABBEY

Temple Hill, Warlies Park WALTHAM ABBEY

Warlies Park House WALTHAM ABBEY

Temple Park Cottage at Warlies Park WALTHAM ABBEY

Home Farmhouse at Warlies Park WALTHAM ABBEY

Essex HER | |

Name: Warlies, Waltham Abbey

SMR Number: 46319

Type of record: Monument

Grid Reference: TL 413 017

22 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Map Sheet: TL40SW

Parish: WALTHAM ABBEY, EPPING FOREST, ESSEX

Summary

An C18 landscape park with classical rotunda and obelisks, influenced by the picturesque school and the owner's contacts with William Shenstone.

Full description

LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM AND SETTING Warlies Park lies approximately 2km east of the centre of Waltham abbey and 3km south-west of Epping. It is bounded on the south and east by the villages of Upshire and Copthall Green and retains a secluded rural character despite the intrusion of the M25. Warlies lies within the Metropolitan Green Belt and is part of the Essex Ridges Special Landscape Area; it also forms part of the Upshire Conservation Area. The designed element of the estate occupies the floor and sides of two of the small valleys that characterise the area of dissected London Clays between the Epping Forest Ridge and the River Lee. The site slopes down to Cobbin’s Brook that forms the northern boundary. The eastern boundary runs north from Pickhill to the Cobbin’s Brook – the same boundary that is shown on the 1777 Chapman and André map. The minor road of Horseshoe Hill forms the southern boundary. On the western boundary a thick hedge and bank follows the course of Fernhall Lane north from Copthall Green to Home Farm. At this point the boundary follows the hedgeline of what was called ‘Garden Park’ on the 1825 survey of Warlies Park.

ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The main approach to the house is from the southwest from Sergeant’s Green past Warlies Lodge, a mid C19 building, which is on the eastern side of the entrance. The southern half of the approach drive has a line of limes along its east side; only a small number remain on the west side. This avenue originally approached the house at an angle (Chapman and André map 1777) but by 1806, as illustrated in the European Magazine engraving, this was modified so that a drive could sweep round the front of the house and continue to the stable yard to the north of the building. The original course of the drive now gives access to the C19 additions made on the northern elevation of the original house and is shown on later maps as curving north-eastwards to give access to the northern end of the walled garden; this drive continues as a bridleway to the eastern boundary of the park at Fernhill Lane. In addition a number of footpaths, both public and permissive, cross the site.

A 1733 highway diversion was made to ‘enclose part of a common highway called Warleys Lane next the mansion of Warlyes, and for a highway called Joles Lane leading from Upshire Hill to Warleys’ and an application to ‘make a highway through part of his lands called Hillary-Field, Barns Hill, House Mead, Little Mead and the Hoppett, leading from Warleys Lane’. An 1807 highway diversion made application for three footpaths through Warlies Park between Pick Hill and Long Street, near Copped Hall Green.

PRINCIPAL BUILDING Warlies Park House, listed Grade II, is located slightly south of centre of the park near the foot of the slope down from Horseshoe Hill. The present building dates from the C18 with Victorian additions, some of which were by Samuel Saunders Teulon (1812-73). To the east is a single storey C20 extension dating from Dr Barnardo’s ownership. To the north is a robust stable block, with clock tower, in dark red brick, with blue decoration, and a first floor glazed balcony, dated 1862.

23 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS These surround the mansion. To the west a shallow terrace, now edged with box, descends to a lawn with scattered specimen trees and a small overgrown holly grove or bower. In front of the house to the south is a fountain made from sections of yellow terracotta, with three circular planters outside the basin. Photographic evidence suggests that this may have been reconstructed, possibly more than once. To the east there is a large lawn with mature trees with peripheral planting of Portugese laurel, rhododendron and Scots pine. Traces of grassed-over rutted track run east to west across the lawn between two lines of recently planted box hedging. To the north, adjoining the house, is a small modern rectilinear garden with paving and some planting. Across the drive to the north is a narrow lawn planted with coppiced limes against the high garden wall. A wrought iron gate in this wall gives a view of the kitchen garden. The gate has substantial brick piers topped with a ball ornament in Portland stone.

PARK The modern landscape of Warlies Park demonstrates the varied influences of the past centuries. The majority of the area is undulating parkland containing scattered clumps of trees, most of which are between 200-250 years old. The remnants of plantations or springs along the boundary of the park that are named on the 1825 estate plan can still be identified. In addition there are a number of plantations which are recorded as being part of the estate which form a backdrop to the park although are outside its boundary.

Much of the park to the north and northwest is flat, containing a few ancient oaks. In the southern part, two significant hills, West Hill and Temple Hill, provide fine views of the mansion and the surrounding parkland. Richard Morgan erected a rotunda on Temple Hill in 1737. The floor of this temple is paved with small pebble stones. It consists of a semi-spherical roof supported by pillars. English Heritage reports that the temple was rebuilt by the GLC using the original materials as it was about to collapse. Also surviving from this period are two obelisks, both outside the boundary of the park, but designed to be visible from these hill-tops, although trees now obscure the smaller ones to the northwest. The larger brick and stucco obelisk lies northeast of the mansion and is clearly visible from much of the park. The smaller one, northwest of the house, is a squat construction in red brick, now hidden from view by hedgerows and tree belts. The C19 planting round Cobbin Pond also blocks distant views of it.

The Buxton family was also responsible for a number of improvements to the estate including the lake known as Cobbin Pond, once fed by pipes from Cobbin’s Brook. This lies in the northwest corner of the park and is now mainly silted up and hidden by invasive willow scrub. Cobbin Pond is surrounded by remnants of iron park railing and is contained on the west side by a broad bank planted with Scots pine and hornbeam. Two islands are just apparent topped with hawthorns and a dense ground cover of periwinkle. The circular fish pond just north-east of the mansion is contained within a ring bank, enclosed by remnants of iron park railing, with two irregular islands, and is now largely hidden by straggly tree growth.

Map evidence suggests that many trees have been lost from the park. One clump survives east of the lodge near Horseshoe Hill, and two large clumps south of Cobbin's Pond have coalesced with each other and the pond’s peripheral planting. Extensive woodland belts, mainly native broadleaf with a scattering of Scots pine, survive along Cobbin’s Brook, and there is a linear belt of oak, hornbeam and Scots pine along the western boundary of the park. All the woodland and the trees

24 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey are subject to a tree preservation order. Three old oak pollards and a standard white poplar were recorded in 2003 at Warlies and listed in the Essex Field Club’s Parks in Essex. A survey initiated by the Corporation of London shows the site of post-medieval buildings on the edge of the south- western perimeter of the site and the sites of 16-18th century pottery and kilns.

KITCHEN GARDEN The walled garden appears on the estate map of 1825 as an enclosed area named ‘house lawn and garden’; the 1777 Chapman and André map shows a rectangular enclosure that appears to lie further away from the house. The walled garden is unusually orientated with its long axis running north-south; the main compartment is 60 metres by 100 metres and is grass with a solitary pear tree near the centre. The walls are about 4 metres high and in very good order. A low wall runs north- south on the west side, possibly a glasshouse base, similarly there is a low wall parallel to the south wall. The glasshouses shown on the 25’ 1870 OS map are no longer in place but in the northeast quadrant are two rather flimsy timber glasshouses, in very poor condition. A line of leylandii separates the northern part of this garden with an entrance through the wall in the northwest corner. Outside the walled garden, on the west side, there are remains of a shelter belt. A second, much smaller, walled area adjoins the north side. The upper part of the wall between this and the main garden contains wooden shutters to ventilate a high lean-to glasshouse (now lost) in the main garden. Beneath this wall, the bothy houses are still in place and in a reasonably good state of repair. Part of the wall in the southwest corner of the second compartment has been demolished and the main entrance to the second compartment is in the north wall between two large piers. Outside the north wall is an open derelict area, partly enclosed by an iron park railing embedded in a holly hedge.

Essex Gardens Trust, 2006, Historic Designed Landscapes of Essex: Part 2 the District of Epping Forest (DESC TEXT). SEX67805.

Monument Types

LANDSCAPE PARK (Post Medieval - 1700 AD to 1900 AD)

Sources and further reading

--- DESC TEXT: Essex Gardens Trust. 2006. Historic Designed Landscapes of Essex: Part 2 the District of Epping Forest.

25 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 5 - Assessment of Significance Summary Table Showing Assessment of Significance:

Rating:

Exceptional - International Significance

Considerable - National Significance

Some - Local Significance

None

Not known - May have some Significance, but further research is required.

Significance Value

Social/ Historical Building was built to be The building forms Some used as part of a part of a wider commercial nursery. estate that has changed and developed over its life time. The Boiler House appears to be the most modern addition.

Architectural The building has limited The Boiler House Some architectural merit reflects modern when compared to the architectural style, quality of the estate. with Crittal windows, and agricultural cladding.

Evidential This building shows Country estates Considerable evidence of the were the back development of a bone of English country house, from society and life the quality and until the growth of importance of the industrial Walled Garden wall, to processes and the the diversification to world wars. The use as a commercial plant nursey

26 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Historical The estate dates back The buildings Considerable – to Medieval times, and reflect the numerous has developed and changes. designated heritage altered. assets on estate

Aesthetic The building is a plain, The building Some simple and functional reflects its status building. and function.

Historic Fabric The historic fabric is Considerable formed within the Walled Garden wall, with the Boiler House being of modern construction and limited significance

Historical The buildings have been This use was a Considerable used as a Bernado’s change in the Home. social understanding, and allowed children to be looked after in a ‘home’ setting, rather than a formal institution

27 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

28 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

Appendix 6 – History of Warlies Park

29 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

30 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

31 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

32 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

33 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

34 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

35 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

36 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy Heritage Statement for: The Old Boiler House, Warlies Park Gardens, Waltham Abbey

37 | P a g e Janice Gooch Heritage Consultancy