olcano Review VA VISITOR’S GUIDE TO MOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL VOLCANIC MONUMENT

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument: Preserved to Change The real treasure of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument is not the volcano or the surrounding landscape; it lies in the idea that this monument should be protected so that nature can work at its own pace to renew the land. Most protected areas are managed to keep them as they once were so that future generations will have an experience similar to what early visitors to the site would have had. Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was set aside in the hopes that the next generation will have an experience markedly different than the one we have today. The Forest Service has worked hard to protect this valued place while ensuring public safety and providing recreational, educational and research opportunities. This precarious task can only be successful through partnering with our local communities. Join us in helping to provide a unique experience for future generations by sharing nature’s

monumental achievements at Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. Photo by Gavin Farrell

U.S. Forest Service Gifford Pinchot National Forest Take Care of Your Pet and WELCOME Help Protect the Monument To protect plant and animal life and provide for visitor safety, pets are prohibited at all recreation sites and trails here is a lot going on within the monument’s restricted area (see yellow shaded section at the Monument of map on page 7). Pets are permitted only in designated pet Tthis summer. Several projects areas and must be on a leash. Lack of shade and summer heat funded by the American can endanger pets left in cars. For the safety and comfort of Recovery and Reinvestment your pet, please arrange to leave your pet at home. Contact Act of 2009 are nearing any Forest Service office for information on where it is safe completion. This summer we and legal to bring your pet. will see enhanced interpretive signage, improvements to barrier free trails and the first amphitheater at Tom Mulder, Monument Manager Johnston Ridge Observatory. We apologize for any inconvenience projects may cause but hope you realize that these investments in the future are designed to enrich visitor experience for years to come. We are also excited about the volunteer opportunities that are available through our not-for-profit partner, the Mount St. Helens Institute. We invite you to join us and J. Voelker, USGS volunteer for a day, a weekend or a summer to help care for visitors, trails and facilities around the volcano. With the help of our dedicated partners and volunteers, we will strive to make your visit memorable and enjoyable. Pine Creek Information Station Pine Creek Information Station was reopened in 2009 through an innovative partnership of not-for-profit agencies, Help Us Share the Wonder of Mount St. Helens local government and community action groups. The Forest The Mount St. Helens Service, partners and community members have worked diligently Institute (MSHI) is a to reinvigorate the historical Pine Creek Station. Serving over not-for-profit partner of the 18,000 visitors a year between Memorial Day and Labor Day, Mount St. Helens National Pine Creek Information Station now provides informational Volcanic Monument. and interpretive services, restrooms, book store and is a vital link We help provide science between local communities and the Mount St. Helens National education, conservation Volcanic Monument. The Gifford Pinchot National Forest and recreation activities. gratefully acknowledges the collaborative efforts of: Mount St. Come explore the volcano Helens Institute, Skamania County, Skamania County Chamber of with us! We offer field Commerce, Skamania County Sheriff’s Office, Skamania County seminars, inspiring hikes, Fire District 6, Discover Your Northwest, Cougar Area Trail Seekers, guided climbs, evening North County EMS and the Swift Communities Action Team. lectures and other events H. Heath, MSHI aimed at deepening your Help Protect Mount St. Helens understanding of the Mountain Stewards on the summit after a successful Mount St. Helens Institute’s guided climb, Summer 2010. In 1982, Congress established the 110,300 acre Mount St. Pacific Northwest’s natural Helens National Volcanic Monument to provide for scientific processes and its cultural past. We also offer a variety of volunteer opportunities. Join us as research, education, and recreation. a volunteer for a day, a weekend work party to improve trails or wildlife habitat or for an • Stay on paved areas and designated hiking trails. exciting summer-long volunteer experience. • Do not disturb or remove any natural feature. Join us and become a Member today! • Do not feed the animals. For further information please visit our website: • Keep pets on a leash and in designated pet areas. www.mshinstitute.org or contact us: Email: [email protected], Phone: (360) 449-7883 The Volcano Review is produced by Discover Your Northwest in cooperation with Your Help is needed to Raise Funds to Support Scientific Research, and Maintain the U.S. Forest Service – Published May 2011 and Enhance Exhibits at the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument DYNW is a not-for-profit organization that operates MSHI raises funds to support scientific research and to share information with the bookstores at parks and forests throughout the Pacific public. We assist with creation, maintenance and enhancement of new exhibits at Johnston Northwest. Proceeds are used to fund interpretive Ridge and other monument sites. We need your financial help to do our work! To find out programs, this newspaper and much, much more. To order more about our work and to contribute on-line visit our website: www.mshinstitute.org books, videos, posters and other educational materials visit www.discovernw.org or contact: Discover Your Northwest 10600 NE 51st Circle Online Information: Vancouver, WA 98682 Mount St. Helens Visitor Information: www.fs.usda.gov/mountsthelens Phone: (360) 891-5214 Eruption Geology and Monitoring: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/ FAX (360) 891-5195

2 The eruption leveled 230 square miles of forest in less than 10 minutes. WELCOME TO A LIVING LANDSCAPE Unique Circumstances Nurture GLACIAL GROWTH Amazing things happen here! In the last three decades few events have been more awesome than the growth of one of North America’s youngest in the throat of an active volcano. Birthed as a consequence of conditions created by the May 18, 1980 eruption and unexpectedly pushed from its cradle by the growth of 2004 – 2008, Crater ’s story is as astonishing as the forces of rock, and gravity that produced it. This youthful glacier attracts international attention as it both forms and advances while most glaciers are experiencing rapid melting. Mount St. Helens’ pre-eruption summit was cloaked by 11 glaciers and smaller perennial ice fields. When the May 18, 1980 eruption beheaded the volcano, it removed 70 percent of the glacial ice. Without a summit high enough for to accumulate year to year, the 8 surviving glaciers began to thin. However the same eruption that destroyed glaciers set the stage for Crater Glacier to form. The crater that formed during the May 18, 1980 eruption collects annual snowfall like an immense bowl. In addition, snow that collects on the steep

July 18, 1980 M. Doukas, USGS crater walls onto the crater floor. Loss of snow by melting is relatively slow because of shading by the south crater wall and the insulating effects of layers of rock debris that onto the glacier from the crater walls. Year after year, snow accumulation exceeds melting by the remarkable amount of about 25 feet (8 meters) on average. Rock debris that was initially at the glacier surface becomes buried. Over time, the weight of successive annual layers compresses the snow into dense crystalline ice which, like glacier ice everywhere on Earth, flows like an extremely thick liquid. In regions where the glacier surface is steep, cracks, or , form as the ice flows downhill. Layers of rock debris within the glacier make the ice stiffer—and thus make it flow slower—than clean ice. In late September 2004, an energetic series of earthquakes heralded the re-awakening of Mount St. Helens. The surface of the glacier began to crack and bulge as magma worked its way upward. On October 1, 2004, a small explosive eruption blew a hole in the ice and sent a jet of steam and ash into the atmosphere. A week later, scientists observed a process never witnessed before: a spine of hot rock pushing its way upward through a glacier. Over the next several months, a series of lava spines squeezed out of the vent that had appeared on October 1,

October 5, 2000 USGS 2004. Concerns arose that the hot lava spines would rapidly melt glacial ice and create dangerous concrete-like slurries called mudflows, but a very different process actually occurred: the lava spines, which cooled rapidly at the surface, behaved like gigantic bulldozers and shoved the ice aside. Caught between the jaws of a vise—one being the crater wall, the other being the lava spines--the glacier became halved in width and doubled in thickness. The glacier snouts began to advance rapidly as well, at a rate of as much as 3 feet (1 meter) per day. The growing lava spines eventually split Crater Glacier into two separate arms, but by May 2008, the two arms had rejoined and completely encircled the lava domes in the center of the crater. As of the beginning of 2011, ice had reached the head of Loowit Creek and was close to the head of Step Creek. While nearly all glaciers in the Cascades have been shrinking, Crater Glacier has grown owing to a unique set of circumstances. As ice advances out of the crater breach and to lower elevations, the melt rate will increase and eventually balance snow accumulation. In the meantime, come to Johnston Ridge Observatory and have a ringside seat for one of the greatest shows on Earth.

We Invite You to Explore and Help Protect One of

February 25, 2005 M. Doukas, J. Griswold, USGS Nature’s Youngest and Most Dynamic Landscapes The Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established by Congress in 1982 to protect natural features and processes and provide access for recreation, research and education. The monument has become an internationally renowned laboratory for the study of earth processes and ecosystem recovery following large-scale disturbance. The quality and duration of data collected here since the 1980 eruption is unparalleled and the volcano continues to attract scientists, teachers and students from around the world. As you explore, look for evidence of the 1980 eruption and observe plants and animals that are E. McDonald, USFS thriving in a forest shattered by volcanic eruption. As you enjoy the wonder of nature’s recovery, please help us protect life’s fragile foothold. June 26, 2008 J. Major, USGS Stay on developed roads, viewpoints and trails and have a very safe and enjoyable visit.

The mountain lost 1,300 feet of height and 0.67 cubic miles of total volume. 3 PLANNING YOUR VISIT

Mount Margaret Backcountry Trails in the Mount Margaret Backcountry climb over 2,000 feet in elevation and may be snow-covered until mid-summer. Eight designated campsites are available at four lakes and four ridge top locations, some with crater views. Backcountry permits are required for overnight camping. They are available by advance reservation only, either by mail or in person, at Monument Headquarters in Amboy, at Johnston Ridge Observatory and at the Cowlitz Valley Ranger Station. Camping is limited to designated campsites only (maximum of four people per Jon Major, USGS campsite). Pets, pack stock and fires are prohibited. Todd Cullings, USFS Climbers on the south crater rim with Mt. Adams in the distance. For current updates and permit information please (South side, Forest Road 83) A backpacker looks north into the visit: www.fs.usda.gov/goto/backcountry. Mount Margaret Backcountry. Climbing Mount St. Helens Climbing permits are required for travel above 4,800 Berries, Mushrooms and School Groups feet (tree line) year round. Between April 1st and October Other Special Forest Products Teachers, registration for field trips is 31st a fee of $22 is charged for each permit. Starting Edible berries, mushrooms, firewood, bear online, easy, and is required! Our website February 1st, permits are sold in advance, online, through grass and other vegetative resources are termed will help prepare you and your students for the Mount St. Helens Institute at www.mshinstitute.org, Special Forest Products (SFP). To allow natural your visit to Mount St. Helens. You will on a first-come-first-served basis. Climbers should be aware recovery and ecological processes, SFP’s may find online registration forms, suggested that in rare instances rock and ash from small explosive not be removed from within the Mount St. itineraries, downloadable lesson plans eruptions can reach the crater rim. Visit the climbing Helens National Volcanic Monument. Check and descriptions of ranger-led programs. website for detailed information about volcanic hazards, with your nearest Forest Service office for Also included are descriptions of our sites, safety equipment and how to purchase a climbing permit permits and locations in the surrounding driving times, maps and directions. on-line: www.fs.usda.gov/goto/climbingmsh. national forest where SFP’s may be removed. www.fs.usda.gov/goto/teacherscorner.

Your Fees Help Support the Monument Contact Information Interpretive services and facilities on the west side of Mount Emergency (Police, Medical, and Fire) ...... Dial 911 St. Helens are supported by your purchase of a Monument Pass. Passes are $8 per adult (youth 15 and younger are free). Passes Forest Service Offices are required at the Johnston Ridge Observatory and adjacent Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument and District (Amboy) . . (360) 449-7800 trails. Monument Passes can be purchased at Johnston Ridge www.fs.usda.gov/mountsthelens Observatory. On the northeast and south sides of the monument a Johnston Ridge Observatory ...... (360) 274-2140 National Forest Recreation Pass is required at designated sites. The Cowlitz Valley Ranger Station (Randle) ...... (360) 497-1100 cost is $5 per vehicle per day. Annual passes are $30. Passes are sold Gifford Pinchot National Forest Headquarters (Vancouver) ...... (360) 891-5000 at Forest Service offices and at self-service pay stations around the www.fs.usda.gov/giffordpinchot monument. Details at: Mt. Adams Ranger Station (Trout Lake) ...... (509) 395-3400 • www.fs.usda.gov/goto/msh/monumentpass • www.fs.usda.gov/goto/msh/passespermits Other Resources Purchase Your Interagency Annual Pass at Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Silver Lake ...... (360) 274-0962 and Help Support Your National Volcanic Monument http://parks.wa.gov/interp/mountsthelens/ Fees from pass sales are used to provide the services and facilities Climber’s Register (at Lone Fir Resort, Cougar) ...... (360) 238-5210 that you enjoy during your visit. An Interagency Annual Pass is National Recreation Reservations (Federal Campgrounds) ...... (877) 444-6777 available for $80 and has two signature lines. At per person fee www.recreation.gov sites it admits the pass holder and up to three additional visitors. PacifiCorp (campgrounds at reservoirs south of Mount St. Helens) . . . . (503) 813-6666 (see Recreation, ) www.pacificorp.com Interagency Annual, Senior, and Access passes are available at Washington State Parks ...... (360) 902-8844 monument and Forest Service offices. The passes are honored www.parks.wa.gov/parks nationwide at Forest Service, National Park Service, BLM, Mount St. Helens Institute ...... (360) 449-7883 Bureau of Reclamation, and US Fish & Wildlife Service sites www.mshinstitute.org charging entrance or standard amenity fees. Information about the Discover Your Northwest ...... (360) 891-5214 interagency annual pass program is available at: www.discovernw.org • www.fs.usda.gov/goto/msh/passespermits Mount St. Helens Forest Learning Center ...... (360) 414-3439 www.weyerhaeuser.com/sthelens Washington State Tourism ...... (800) 544-1800 The U.S. Forest Service is an www.experiencewashington.com equal opportunity provider and employer. School Group Registration and Information . . . . www.fs.usda.gov/goto/teacherscorner

4 The eruption began with a massive landslide (debris avalanche) that buried 14 miles of river valley to an average depth of 150 feet. HIKING AND CAMPING NEAR MOUNT ST. HELENS

Round Elevation West side (State Route 504) Trip Change Description Birth of a Lake Trail #246 (E) 0.6 2490 feet Paved trail explores 1980 landslide SR504, Trailhead is located at Coldwater miles to deposit and developing life in a lake that Lake Picnic Area. 2475 feet was dammed-up by the 1980 eruption.

Eruption Trail #201 (E) 4200 feet Paved trail explores 1980 eruption impact Trailhead is located at Johnston Ridge 1 mile to on ridge. View shattered trees and Observatory viewing plaza. 4300 feet amazing crater and valley views.

Hummocks Trail #229 (M) 2520 feet View hill-sized chunks of shattered 1 2.4 mile SR504, Trailhead is /8 mile south of turnoff loop to volcano, ponds and river-carved canyon to Coldwater Lake. 2400 feet on 1980 landslide deposit.

Lakes Trail #211 to Explore blowdown and developing forest. Coldwater Trail #230 (MD) 9.0 2700 feet At 4 miles, end of lake makes a good turn miles to around point. Continue ½ mile to junction SR504, Trailhead is located at Coldwater 5200 feet Scott Hinderman Lake Boat Launch. with Coldwater Trail 230.

Crater and valley north of the volcano as seen from the Boundary Trail east of the Johnston Ridge Observatory.

Round Elevation East side (Forest Road 99) Trip Change Description

Meta Lake Trail #210 (E) 3620 feet Paved trail explores blowdown forest and Forest Road 99, 0.1 miles west of junction 0.6 mile to sparkling lake. View forest that survived of Road 99 with Road 26. 3640 feet eruption under thick snowpack.

Independence Pass Trail #227 (M) 4040 feet Trail climbs (¼ mile) to ridge top view of Forest Road 99, 1½ miles south of 0.5 mile to Mount St. Helens, Spirit Lake, and the Cascade Peaks. 4680 feet blown down forest.

Windy Ridge Sand Ladder (M) 4070 feet Climb 368 steps to hilltop view of Spirit North end of the Windy Ridge Viewpoint 0.5 mile to Lake and crater. Use caution as loose Parking Lot. 4270 feet pumice can make for unstable footing. Harmony Trail #224 (MD) 4100 feet Trail descends steeply to Spirit Lake (this Forest Road 99, 2½ miles north of Windy is only trail to shoreline). View the effects 2 miles to of lateral blast and “tidal” wave formed as Ridge Viewpoint. Off-trail travel, pets and 3400 feet bikes are prohibited. landslide slammed into lake.

Truman Trail #207 and Willow Trail follows old road into Spirit Lake Springs Trail #207A (MD) 4200 feet basin. Wooden posts mark path across Forest Road 99, trailhead at south end of 11 miles to boulder-filled floodplain. Willow Springs Gregg Pohll, USFS Windy Ridge parking lot. Off-trail travel, 3600 feet Trail (0.8 mile) connects with Loowit pets and bicycles prohibited. Trail 216 and other loop opportunities. Sand ladder stairway at Windy Ridge Viewpoint. Barren gray area visible along trail is result of damage from off-trail travel.

Round Elevation South side (Forest Road 83) Trip Change Description

Trail of Two Forests #233 (E) 1860 feet Boardwalk guides you across 1,900 year 0.25 mile to old lava flow and tree casts that record an Forest Road 8303, ½ mile E of Ape Cave. 1885 feet ancient forest consumed by lava. Trail climbs along rushing stream before June Lake Trail #216B (M) 2700 feet reaching lake nested between basalt cliff Forest Road 83, trailhead is 7 miles north of 3.2 miles to and 1,900 year old lava flow. Lake offers junction with Forest Road 90. 3400 feet ideal lunch stop before continuing ¼ mile to junction with Loowit Trail 216.

Visitors can crawl through the cast of an ancient tree at Trail of Two Forests. KEY: (E)=EASIEST (M) = MORE (MD) = MOST Users require DIFFICULT DIFFICULT limited skill and Users require Users require a encounter few some skill and high degree of challenges. experience more skill and challenging experience. Highway 503 & FR 90 terrain. Cresap Bay * 73 20 l l l l l l l Cougar 60 l l l l l l yes Beaver Bay * 78 for 5 l l l l l l l Swift 93 all 6 l l l l l sites Lower Falls 42 4 l l l l Lewis River Horse Camp 9 l l Forest Road 81 Kalama Horse Camp 17 yes 2 l l Merrill Lake 7 yes 6 l l l l Forest Road 25 Iron Creek ** 98 yes 12 l l l l Forest Road 23 Tower Rock ** 22 yes l State Route 504 Seaquest State Park*** 90 yes many l l l l

* Reservations are required: Call (503) 813-6666. ** Reservations are accepted: Call (877) 444-6777. *** Reservations are accepted: Call (888) 226-7688.

The landslide released trapped magma and gas, producing a sideways explosion (lateral blast) of hot rock and ash killing trees up to 17 miles north of the volcano. 5 EXPLORE THE THREE SIDES OF MOUNT ST. HELENS

Westside: State Route 504 Northeast Side: Forest Road 99

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Silver Lake Blown-Down Forest and Located 5 miles east of Interstate 5, the Spirit Lake Viewpoints center offers exhibits on the 1980 eruption Experience the and area history, ranger talks, walk-through full impact of the model volcano, movie, bookstore and wetland 1980 lateral blast boardwalk trail. The center is operated year and years of natural round by Washington State Parks and has a recovery as you drive $5 per adult, $2.50 per youth (7-17 years) through miles of (0-6 years old are free), and $15 per family standing-dead and (2 adults plus children 7-17 years old) blown-down forests. admission fee. Open daily 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 View Spirit Lake p.m., from May 1 to September 30, 2011. T. Linch and the immense Jim Hughes, USFS Call ahead for winter hours (360) 274-0962. floating log mat Johnston Ridge Observatory that is slowly sinking to the lake bottom. Forest Road 99 is generally accessible after snow melts (late June through October; View the lava dome and growing glacier closed in winter) and offers viewpoints, trails, and a gift shop/ from a visitor center overlooking the crater bookstore. Park Rangers provide engaging talks at Windy Ridge and learn how the landscape was reshaped and other viewpoints as well as guided hikes at Meta Lake seven by the 1980 eruption. The center offers: live days a week during July and August. A Northwest Forest Pass is seismographs, geologic exhibits, 16-minute required for each vehicle; see page 7 for purchase locations. movie, ranger-talks, and bookstore. Open from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.; mid-May through October (closed in winter). Pets are not allowed at viewpoints or on trails. Southside: Forest Road 83 A Monument Pass (wrist band) is required and available here. Ape Cave, Trail of Two Forests, Coldwater Lake Recreation Area and Lava Canyon Visit a lake that was formed when water Ape Cave, the backed up behind a natural dam created by a third longest lava massive landslide during the 1980 eruption. tube in North Coldwater Lake offers restrooms, public America, has telephone, picnic area, paved interpretive trail moderate to difficult and boat launch (electric motors only). Fishing terrain, a constant 42 requires a WA state license. Access is via small degree F temperature boat, float tube, and at two designated water and is open for self- access points along the Lakes Trail. guided exploration Pat Leeson year-round; although Lower section of Ape Cave lava tube. Driving Times Ape Lava Pine Creek Windy Randle Mount Coldwater Lake Johnston often inaccessible (Hours: Minutes) Cave Canyon Information Ridge St. Helens Recreation Ridge by car during winter months. Warm clothes, sturdy shoes and Station Visitor Center Area Observatory at least two light sources per person are recommended. Pets are Ape Cave N/A 0:15 0:30 1:45 1:45 1:30 2:30 2:45 not allowed in the cave. From late June until early September Lava Canyon 0:15 N/A 0:45 2:00 2:00 1:45 2:45 3:00 lantern rentals, a bookstore and Ranger guided cave tours are Pine Creek Infor- 0:30 0:45 N/A 1:15 1:15 1:45 2:45 3:00 available. Due to the spread of white-nose syndrome in bats, mation Station do not use equipment or clothing in western caves that has Windy Ridge 1:45 2:00 1:15 N/A 1:15 2:45 3:45 4:00 been used in caves east of the Mississippi River. Randle 1:45 2:00 1:15 1:15 N/A 1:30 2:30 2:45 Visit the Trail of Two Forests and follow the boardwalk across Mount St. Helens 1:30 1:45 1:45 2:45 1:30 N/A 1:00 1:15 Visitor Center a 1,900 year old lava flow that consumed an ancient forest leaving casts of old growth trees in its path. Coldwater Lake 2:30 2:45 2:45 3:45 2:30 1:00 N/A 0:15 Recreation Area The Lava Canyon Trail explores an area scoured by mudflows Johnston Ridge 2:45 3:00 3:00 4:00 2:45 1:15 0:15 N/A during the May 18th eruption. The trail begins as a paved, Observatory barrier free trail and quickly changes to a more challenging trail Portland/ 1:30 1:45 1:45 3:00 2:30 1:15 2:15 2:30 including a 1.4 mile loop with an exciting suspension bridge. Vancouver DANGER – Stay on this trail. Lava Canyon has steep drops and Seattle 3:30 3:45 3:45 3:45 2:30 2:00 3:00 3:15 big waterfalls. People that left the trail were swept over the falls Carson 1:30 1:45 1:00 2:15 2:15 2:45 3:45 4:00 to their deaths. Woodland 1:00 1:45 1:15 2:30 2:30 0:45 1:45 2:00 A Northwest Forest Pass is required for each vehicle; Mt. Rainier 2:45 2:45 2:15 2:15 1:00 2:30 3:30 3:45 National Park see page 7 for purchase locations.

6 Fiery avalanches of pumice and hot gasses called pyroclastic flows flowed into the valley north of the crater. C o Swofford w l Pond i t z R i v e r Riffe L MOUNTMOUNT ST.ST .HELENS HELENSLa ke NATIONALNATIONAL VOLCANICVakeOLCANIC MONUMENTMONUMENT Scanewa 925 Know the Rules ! Disturbing or removing natural features is prohibited TO ¤£12 in all areas. RANDLE r i v e Restricted Area #1 p u R s s 76 ! Closed to ALL public entry. Single Lane i 9 ! 2 With Turnouts ! C 18 Single Lane Restricted Area #2 With Turnouts Vanson ! Iron Creek Climbing permit required above 4,800 feet. Peak 5 Washouts 0 # 2 !9!b !5!F Restricted Area #3 926 Possible on A I 3 Forest Road 26 r 1 o ! 2 2 Day use ONLY. 13 n

! Off trail travel is prohibited. Call C G G r e 2 r ! r 17 (360) 449-7800 Pets, bicycles and horses aere prohibited. (Bikes OK e 8 e e n 21 25 n For Details 9 e on 230A to 230, east on 230 to #1, north and east on R 21 R 3 !F !Ë k i v i 0 #1 to Norway Pass Trailhead only.) e r v Deadmans 2 Green River 2 e ! Lake Horse Camp Camping and fires are prohibited. Mt. Margaret r 217 Backcountry

(camping permit required) 3 1 2 Ryan Lake 92612 ! ! 0 !5!_ 5 2 50 To ¨¦§ 2 TS4 Elk !_Wakepish Castle Rock Lake Trailer Drop Coldwater Lake 21 Recreation Area 1C 211 1 !² 1 ! !5 !b !F 2 Iron Creek Castle Lake F!!_ 999 ! !¬ !_ Norway FallsF! Viewpoint 1 H 0 1 1 23 # Pass ! Coldwater 1 ! Bear Mea1dow Elk Rock 11 ke ! 2 a 1 Mt. Margaret 1 !f !F !_ r L Peak ! Viewpoint te 7 ! a 2 # Saint Helens 2 ! 2 ! ! dw 0A 30 A 3760' ol 23 Lake 7 ! Blast Edge C 2 !! 1 N 2 o Hummocks ! ! r !F ! ! Miner's Car t h ! 3 ! F l e R 1 F i E 2 Meta Lake t v e r2 2 ! ! Elk Pass o 2 4 ! u 9 ! ! !f!Ö!b r k o e 4075' T !F k ! !F South 1 a ! L Cascade Peaks!f!_!] it Coldwater ir p !F Loowit S Independence Pass C C 2 0 l a ! Viewpoint 7 227 s !F e t Harmony l a e ! L Johnston Ridge !f!b!] ! r Forest Road 25 a ! ! w k Observatory Donnybrook e 2 !¬!_ Is Closed During

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r Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monumene t !] Information !F Trail Access !_ Restrooms !¸ Fuel Paved Road v Restricted Area i For updated information: Unimproved/ !f Passes Sold Picnic Area Water General Store Restricted Area BR oundary !5 !² !³ Gravel Road http://www.fs.usda.gov/mountsthelens ! Free Use Site s or call (360) 449-7800 ! i !b Barrier Free !Ö Interpretive Trail !´ Food !¬ Emergency Call Box Trail Recreationw Day PLaaskse Required ! Monument Pass Required L Merwin !9 Campground !¬ Telephone !Ë Horse Area Elevations are in feet ! Campground with Fee

This map is intended for general reference and is approximate in general proportions. Prinited May 2011

Cement-like slurries of glacial melt water and boulders called scoured and buried streams draining the volcano. 7 Goose Lake TS503 ST108 ST7 T162 S ST165 ST8 ST5 ST101

MOUNT SST5T10 . HELT5E07 NS NATIONAL VOLCANIC MONUMENT MOUSNT ST. HELENS VICINITY MOUNT ST. HELENSTrout VICINITY AND VICINITY ST410 410 Lake ST ST121 25 miles from 71 miles from Centralia to Elbe to Seattle Olympia National Park Silver ¨¦§5 Lake # ST12 ST507 Mount Rainier 14,410' Alder T7 Lake S Elbe ! Paradise !] ST123 ! Ashford !] ! T706 ST5 N S ! !] i s q u a l Centralia l y R i v e Exit 81 "/ r 52 miles from Exit 79 "/ ! Chehalis !] White Pass r J 952 a e to Yakima ck v so n i R # z ¤£12 t White "/ i ! Exit 71 l !] Pass H 508 Packwood w T S Mayfield w y 4,500' . Cowlitz Valley "/ Lake ! Morton!] o Exit 68 Salkum " Ranger Station C ¤£12 ! ! !\ . ! d Riffe Lake !]!@ R ¤£ Mossyrock 12 Randle er Overlook uck d. T er R r enc v e Sp R i Riffe Exit 63 "/ l i t z o w Lake 923 C Mount St. Helens ! National Volcanic 925 Toledo 76 Monument 9 921

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8 A vertical ash eruption rose to a height of 15 miles above the crater and continued for 9 hours. Ash drifted to the northeast.