EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY ACTIVITIES

Claus Zehner Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5 Missions Manager ESA/ESRIN

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use European Earth Observation

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 2 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use

Copernicus Missions & Ozone

Copernicus: an Earth Observation Programme for Global Monitoring for the Environment and Security.

Led by the European Commission in partnership with ESA and the European Environment Agency (EEA).

ESA is responsible for implementing the space component, including developing the Sentinel series.

Atmospheric Sentinels: Sentinel-5 Precursor (2017), Sentinel-4 (2021/27), and Sentinel-5 (2021/27) to provide atmospheric composition products, which include Ozone column/ nadir profile and GHG information. First Image of Sentinel-2B:Brindisi, Italy

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 3 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinel Launches

S1A/B: Radar Mission 3 Apr 2014/25 Apr 2016

S2A/B: High Resolution Optical Mission 23 June 2015/6 March 2017

S3A/B: Medium Resolution Imaging and Altimetry Mission 16 Feb 2016/2017

S4A/B: Geostationary Atmospheric Chemistry Mission 2021/2027

S5P: Atmospheric Chemistry Mission 2017

S5A/B/C: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Mission 2021/2027

S6A/B: Altimetry Mission 2020/2025

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 4 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Copernicus: Open Data Policy

Number of EO data Users 60,000 early Feb. 2017 50000 45000

40000 Sentinel A subset of Sentinel data users were and ERS 35000 missions data users. They appear in 30000 both groups of stats (ESA missions & Sentinel missions). 25000 20000 ESA missions 15000 15,000 10000 5000 For ESA missions, the statistics gather the number 0 of data user projects. A data user project can include several users. Therefore the number of data users is likely much higher than the number of data user projects.

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 5 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Copernicus: A Success Story

status as of 17 March 2017

2015: 3 TB per day (mean value)

2016: 8 TB per day (mean value)

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 6 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use European Ozone Observation Satellites

PAST: ERS-2 - GOME, Envisat - GOMOS, MIPAS SCIAMACHY

CURRENT: Metop A/B - GOME2/IASI, Odin – OSIRIS, SMR, SciSat – ACE, MAESTRO

FUTURE: Atmospheric Sentinels, Metop C, MTG, Metop-SG

Continuous nadir viewing Ozone measurements on polar and geostationary satellites are guaranteed for the next ~20 years.

Limb/Occultation Ozone measurements • ALTIUS Mission approved during Dec. 2016

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 7 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Programmes on EO Data Preservation/Exploitation

ERS/Envisat Phase F Activities: • Improve Level 1 data (e.g. GOME, SCIAMACHY) • Improve Level 2 data (e.g. GOMOS)

EO Long Term Data Preservation Programme: • EO data are a ‘corporate asset’ (including raw data) • Data Transcription from tapes • Enable Fast Reprocessing

ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) http://cci.esa.int http://www.esa-ozone-cci.org http://www.esa-ghg-cci.org

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 8 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use

Objectives of the CCI

• Realise the full potential of the long-term global EO archives that ESA, together with its Member states, has established over the last thirty years... as a significant and timely contribution to the Essential Climate Variables (ECV) databases required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. • GCOS Requirements as starting point • Start: 2010 with a 6 years duration, budget of 90 Meuro, 13 ECV Projects, 1 Project on ECV Assessment by Climate Modellers (CMUG) • Start of CCI+ during early 2018, 6 years duration, include new ECVs, extend existing ECVs, evaluate consistency among different ECVs • Link to EC Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)!

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 9 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use

Total Ozone

Total Ozone

Level-2 Full reprocessing using GODFIT GOME (1996-2011) SCIAMACHY multi-sensor prototype algorithm (2002-2012) GOME-2 (2007-2016), OMI (2004-2016)

Level-3 Monthly-averaged data set, GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, OMI residual inter-sensor bias (1996-2016) corrected using GOME and OMI as a reference

Feedback from Users: provide a pure satellite data set (e.g. do not link different missions by any ‘soft calibration’ that includes modeling or ground-based measurements to calculate correction factors)

Lesson Learned: take into account sampling errors when calculating merged higher Level products!

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 10 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Nadir Ozone Profiles

Nadir Ozone Profiles

Level-2 Profiles on fixed pressure levels GOME (1996-2011), SCIAMACHY common to limb products (2002-2012), GOME-2 (2007-2008), IASI A/B (2006-2016)

Level-3 Monthly mean gridded data GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, IASI A/B

Level-4 Assimilated ozone profiles - 6 GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, IASI hourly global fields A/B

Lesson Learned: it was not an easy task to select the best algorithm - RAL algorithm selected (best performance in troposphere)

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 11 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Limb Ozone Profiles

Limb Ozone Profiles Level-2 Harmonized Single Instrument SCIAMACHY, GOMOS, MIPAS, (HARMOZ): individual profiles with OSIRIS, SMR, ACE, HALOE, MLS, a common pressure grid and OMPS, SAGE-II, SABER (all over concentration unit lifetime)

Level-3 Single Instrument Monthly Mean SCIAMACHY, GOMOS, MIPAS, Zonal Mean (MZM) – 10o latitude OSIRIS, SMR, ACE, HALOE, MLS, bin OMPS, SAGE-II, SABER (all lifetime) Level 4 Merged Mean (MMZM) – including SCIAMACHY, GOMOS, MIPAS, monthly zonal mean and bi-weekly OSIRIS, SMR, ACE, HALOE, MLS, mean (20o long. 10o lat.) OMPS, SABER, SAGE-II - 2008

Merged 0zone Anomalies SCIAMACHY, GOMOS, MIPAS, (development still ongoing – to be OSIRIS, ACE, SAGE II, OMPS (most finalised by end of 2017) lifetime)

Lesson Learned: • provide data in a common format for easy usage • provide as a merged product deseasonalised ozone anomalies 10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 12 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Limb Ozone Profiles (ongiong work – V. Soviefa – FMI)

1. The merged anomaly is the median anomaly of the anomalies from individual instruments, for each altitude level and for each latitude zone. 2. Ozone_cci (OSIRIS, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS): seasonal cycle evaluated using 2005-2011 3. SAGE II: seasonal cycle is evaluated in 1985-2004, offset to the mean CCI anomaly in 2002-2004 4. OMPS: seasonal cycle is evaluated in 2012-2016, offset to the mean CCI anomaly in 2002-2016

Top: monthly zonal mean ozone at 35 km in the latitude zone 40-50N. Bottom: individual deseasonalized anomalies and the merged anomaly (grey).

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 13 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Tropospheric Columns (work still ongoing)

Tropospheric Columns Level-2 Total column of nadir profiles up GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, OMI, to 6 km IASI

Level-2 Tropical Total Ozone Columns GOME, GOME-2, OMI (TTOC) – using CCD methods

Limb Nadir matching SCIAMACHY/SCIAMACHY, MIPAS/ SCIAMACHY Level-3 Tropical Total Ozone Columns GOME, GOME-2, OMI (TTOC) – using CCD methods SCIAMACHY/SCIAMACHY, MIPAS/ Limb Nadir matching SCIAMACHY

Lesson Learned: 15-50 % GOME-2A tropocolumn bias – impact of radiometric calibration?

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 14 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Link to US Data Sets (work still ongoing)

Link to US Data Sets Total Ozone Columns - SBUV/CCI 1974-2016 Level 2 TOMS/CCI 1979-2016

SBUV/CCI Assimilated 1974-2016

Limb Profile - Level 2 SAGEII-GOMOS 1984-2016

SAGEII-OSIRIS 1984-2016 Limb Profile - Ozone SAGEII/OMPS/CCI 1984-2016 Anomalies (still ongoing) – Level 3

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 15 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Lessons Learned

Provide long term time series of data by: • Ensuring independent validation of all Level-2 and Level-3 data sets (round-robins, algorithm development, final assessment by end users (e.g. Chemisty Climate modellers))

• Ensuring consistent error analysis for all sensors • Ensuring traceability (e.g. algorithm/validation documentation)

• Providing simple and open data access (e.g. via Webpage/ftp server) • Providing a common format (e.g. same height grid, same units) • Doing data merging very carefully: There is not a ”universal recipe” for data merging as different applications need different data sets, Sampling errors are significant for instruments with coarse sampling and has to be taken into account, does merging really make sense for all data (e.g. limb profiles), provide ‘pure’ satellite data sets

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 16 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinel-5 Precursor COPERNICUS ATMOSPHERE MISSION IN POLAR ORBIT

• The ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) is a pre-operational mission focusing on global observations of the atmospheric composition for air quality and climate.

• The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is the payload of the S-5P mission and is jointly developed by The Netherlands and ESA.

• S-5P will be provide enhanced radiometric sensitivity & spatial resolution enabling sampling of small-scale variabilities specifically in the lower troposphere.

• The planned launch date for S-5P is during 2017.

• 7 year design lifetime. TROPOMI ‣ UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR nadir view grang spectrometer. ‣ Spectral range: 270-500, 675-775, 2305-2385 nm ‣ Spectral Resoluon: 0.25-1.1 nm ‣ Spaal Resoluon: 3.5x7km2 ‣ Global daily coverage at 13:30 local me.

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 17 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Improved Spatial Resolution

GOME SCIAMACHY GOME-2 OMI TROPOMI

Sentinel 5P Sentinel

S-5P vs SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, OMI: S-5P Data Volume: • Smaller pixels: 3.5x7 km2 • ~1.5 million ground pixels/orbit

• Larger swath-width (2600 km) with daily • L1: ~35 Gbyte/orbit SCIAMACHY global coverage • L2: ~3.5 Gbyte/orbit • Total: ~ 640 Gbyte/day 10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 18 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinel-5 Precursor Products

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 19 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinel-4 (geo-stationary orbit)

Applications:

• monitoring changes in the atmospheric composition

(e.g. ozone, NO2, SO2, BrO, CHOCHO, formaldehyde and aerosol) at high temporal resolution • tropospheric variability

Narrow field spectrometer covering UV (305-400 nm), visible (400-500 nm) and near-IR (750-775 nm) bands

Spatial sampling 7 x 7 km2 and spectral resolution between 0.12 nm (near-IF) and 0.5 nm (UV, visible)

Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT

Planned launch: 2021

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 20 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinel-5 (polar orbit)

Applications:

• monitoring changes in the atmospheric

composition (e.g. ozone, NO2, SO2, BrO, formaldehyde and aerosol) at high temporal (daily) resolution

• tropospheric variability

5 channels spectrometer covering UV (270-495 nm), visible (400-500 & 710-750 nm), NIR (710-775 nm) and SWIR (2314-2382 nm) bands. spectral resolution between 0.25 nm and 1.1 nm

Sentinel-5 embarked on post-EPS and operated by EUMETSAT

Planned launch: 2021

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 21 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ALTIUS

ALTIUS: a forthcoming stratospheric ozone profiler Atmospheric Limb Tracker for the Investigation of the upcoming stratosphere proposed by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy and accepted by ESA member states as Earthwatch Mission during Dec. 2016

• ALTIUS is a limb spectral imager (250 nm-1800 nm) operating in multimode observation geometries from a microsatellite platform, with a target vertical resolution of 0.5-1.0 km. Standard heliosynchronous orbit with a 3-day revisit cycle

• Main objective is stratospheric ozone monitoring. Complementary objectives: NO2, H20, CH4, aerosols.

• ALTIUS workshop during May 2/3 2017 Brussels

• Phases 0, A, B0, B1 performed so far.

• Launch Date: TBC

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 22 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Sentinels Expansion

10th ORM Meeting| WMO, Geneva | March 2017 | Slide 23 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use