In This Issue

The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the Grand Canyon Historical Society

Volume 31 : Number 1 www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Winter 2020

In This Issue

Why is a Japanese Name on the American Legion Memorial? ...... 3 George Dock’s 1905 and 1910 trips to Grand Canyon ...... 6 The Bulletin ...... 15 President’s Letter The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the Grand Canyon Historical Society our Grand Canyon Historical Society is entering its 36th year! Our or- ganization is continuing to grow its membership as well as the quality Volume 31 : Number 1 and quantity of successful programs and projects. This letter high- Winter 2020 lightsY some of these programs and projects. u Our oral history program is adding more interviews with people about their The Historical Society was established experiences living, working, studying, or exploring at Grand Canyon. And in July 1984 as a non-profit corporation work is ongoing to digitize these amazing stories along with much of the GCHS to develop and promote appreciation, holdings at NAU’s Cline Library Special Collections. It will be great when we understanding and education of the can go online to read these accounts and access the collection’s letters, papers earlier history of the inhabitants and and photographs. important events of the Grand Canyon. Our programs & outings are going strong and I hope that our July 11th pic- The Ol’ Pioneer is published by the GRAND nic at Shoshone Point will be part of your summer plans. It is a rare opportunity CANYON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. to interact with other Grand Canyon history buffs, listen to all the different An integral part of the publication is an stories, and share memories about Grand Canyon. informational section, The Bulletin, that This coming October 15 -17, we are sponsoring the Colorado River Basin updates members on Society activities, programs, events, Board actions and History Symposium at the newly completed Kanab Center in Kanab, Utah. discussions. The Ol’ Pioneer is a benefit of More details about this gathering are in the Bulletin section of this issue. GCHS membership and is open to any person is partnering with organizations from the seven different states that are part of interested in the historical, educational, this river basin. Be sure to save the dates and make your fall plans to attend. and charitable purposes of the Society. If you haven’t spent much time on the North Rim side of the Grand Canyon I Membership is on an annual basis using the standard calendar; and dues of $25 are think you will greatly enjoy “the other side!” payable on the 1st of January each year, Our annual board meeting was held on January 12th; three new Board mem- and mailed to the GCHS Treasurer, PO Box bers and two others returning for second terms were seated. Nine highly quali- 1667, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023-1667. The fied candidates were on the ballot and the membership’s votes determined the Ol’ Pioneer magazine is copyrighted by the top five. One of the current board members has resigned due to a family emer- Grand Canyon Historical Society, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication gency. Following our by-laws, the Board agreed unanimously to fill the vacant may be reproduced or used in any form seat with the sixth highest voted applicant. I am sharing this process with you without permission of the publisher. so those who voted know that their ballots gave a clear path for the Board. Thank you to all who took time to mail or email their ballots for this election. A Editor: Mary Williams report on the election results is in the Bulletin section of this issue. Submission deadlines: January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1. Submit photos Speaking of the Board of Directors, I’m very impressed with the talent, en- and stories to the editor of The Ol’ Pioneer ergy, and wisdom of the women and men who volunteered to serve. We have at: [email protected] Board members of many different educational and work backgrounds. Their Contact for mailing address (928) 606- interest in the Grand Canyon is just as varied. Some, like me, are retired but 9932. Please submit written articles and most are still working. Having a diversity of ages and experience is beneficial, photos electronically by email if possible. Submissions to The Bulletin should be sent making projects and planning rewarding for all. Added to this are the continu- to [email protected] ing volunteer contributions from members not on the Board. If I sound like a recruiter, then you are correct. Please contact me about ways GCHS Officers to participate. Email me with your questions or ideas. As president it continues Dave Mortenson, President to be a great joy to interact with people who are involved in so many different Dick Brown, Vice President Brian Blue, Treasurer ways with our Grand Canyon. Jack Pennington, Secretary Karen Greig, Membership & Bulletin Thanks, Haley Johnson/Wayne Ranney, Pioneer Award Chairs Dave Mortenson David Schaller/Tom Martin, Oral History Al Richmond, Hall of Fame [email protected] Margaret Hangan, Scholarship Chair

Board of Directors Brian Blue Dave Mortenson Cover: Ledged calf, 8-29-10. photo: George Dock Dick Brown Jack Pennington Mari Carlos Helen Ranney Nikki Cooley John Reid Margaret Hangan David Schaller Jill Hough Rich Turner Haley Johnson Slim Woodruff 2 : Grand Canyon Historical Society Kristen Luetkemeier Why is a Japanese Name on the American Legion Memorial? by Kern Nutall Japanese servants became popular tend to do for a good worker. There among the wealthy in this country are few records to indicate what Go for Broke1 around the beginning of the twentieth happened to most of the bellboys The John Ivens Post 42 of the century. An example of this trend can during the war, although none of American Legion dedicated a be seen in a brief article published in them apparently continued at that memorial in the South Rim Cemetery the New York Times in 1900,4 “Japanese particular job. After the declaration of in Grand Canyon National Park House Servants, Superior in Many the exclusion zone in March of 1942, in 1948 to those from the Canyon Ways to the Average White Girl.” it became impossible for any to travel community who died serving in the Because the wages they commanded through the zone to return to family World Wars. It is one of the larger were typically higher, Japanese valets homes. monuments in the cemetery, roughly were often seen as status symbols. Thirty-one-year-old George Mura- midway on the broad gravel path Celebrities such as Charlie Chaplin5 kami enlisted in the Army at Fort towards the back fence, opposite the and Zane Grey6 had Japanese valets, Bliss, Texas, on March 13, 1942.9 He gate. On it there are eight names, three so presumably the Fred Harvey did not speak Japanese, something from World War I and five from World management figured the public that would have made him eligible War II. While all of them deserve to would see Japanese bellboys in a for a more desirable position with be remembered, the focus here is on similar light. military intelligence, so it was the Robert T. Kishi, number six on the December 7, 1941, the Japanese infantry for him.2 Murakami served list. This story tells how his name Empire attacked Pearl Harbor, with the 100th Infantry Battalion, came to be placed on the memorial, pulling the United States into World part of the 442nd Regimental Combat and it starts with another Japanese- War II. Fearing a Japanese invasion Team, units composed of Japanese- American, George Murakami. of the West Coast, President Franklin Americans. The 442nd unit motto Murakami came to the South Rim Roosevelt signed Executive Order “Go for Broke” reflected their need to to work as a bellboy in 1933, when he 9066 on February 19, 1942, allowing prove a lot, which they did, and the was 23.2 Born in Hawaii, he dove for the Secretary of War to designate unit became highly decorated during coins tossed from passenger liners in military zones which could be cleared the war. In Seravezza, Italy, on April Honolulu Harbor at 14. He went to of those who could potentially act 6, 1945, Staff Sergeant Murakami McKinley High School in Honolulu as spies or saboteurs. Although led men from his platoon on what but dropped out to take a job as a the Grand Canyon was outside the was described as a heavily fortified bellboy at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel. West Coast exclusion zone which Wanting to see the world, he moved required relocation to internment to California to work as an elevator camps, Japanese-Americans became operator for the Los Angeles City unwelcome most places in the public Club. Later, he worked for the Matson eye, particularly in the western part Line on a cruise ship which took of the country.7 him to Australia. George eventually A hint about some attitudes at the heard about Victor Patrosso, the well- Canyon can be seen in a brief note known manager of the El Tovar Hotel in the Superintendent’s Monthly who liked to hire Japanese-Americans Report for December, 1941, dated as bellboys. January 7, 1942.8 “The discharge The Federal Census at the South of one alien employee of the Fred Rim shows that seven Japanese- Harvey Company was requested by Americans worked for Fred Harvey as the Service. He was transferred to one bellboys in 1940.3 All were American of the Operator’s hotels at Seligman, citizens, six born in Hawaii, one in Arizona.” Whether this referred to Oregon. The census record reported one of the bellboys is not certain, they worked 54 hours per week in although it seems likely given the 1939 for an average annual salary timing. Interestingly, the discharge of $660, similar hours and wages as was sought by the Park Service, and most other employees in the same the transfer to an alternate workplace Fred Harvey dormitory. Curiously, suggests Fred Harvey sought to no one except Japanese-Americans protect the employee rather than fire Technical Sergeant George Murakami, circa worked as bellboys at that time. him, something a manager would 1945. Courtesy of American Legion Post 42. www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 3 enemy position, killing four and why he signed up at that capturing thirteen. Later that day, location. His enlistment he led his men in a flanking attack record showed that on another position, killing two and he had been born in capturing seven. For his leadership, Stockton, California, and he was awarded a Bronze Star. He was was living in Coconino discharged from service November County, Arizona. His 15, 1945, after earning another stripe civilian job as a cook to become a technical sergeant. suggests he might When Murakami returned to the have been working in Canyon after discharge, he took his a kitchen at the South old job back. He also joined the local Rim, not attracting much chapter of the American Legion, notice. Only a few days John Ivens Post 42.10 In 1946, he was after signing up, Robert elected by the membership to be Kishi and Josephine sergeant-at-arms for the year. When Nabakuku were married longtime Canyon resident Curley by a justice of the peace in Ennis was buried in the South Rim Flagstaff on September Cemetery on October 28, 1949, 7, 1943. Both listed their Murakami was on the firing squad place of residence as the that honored Ennis’s World War Grand Canyon, although I service. In 1954, Murakami was Josephine N. Kishi later again elected sergeant-at-arms and had an address at Second Memorial Day, he laid the wreath at Mesa, Arizona, on the the American Legion Memorial, an Hopi Reservation.11 honor awarded by the Post members. Private First-Class He served as sergeant-at-arms again Robert Kishi belonged in 1955 and 1958. The year the John to Company G in the Ivens Post erected the monument in Second Battalion of the cemetery, 1948, Murakami served the 442nd Regimental as Post adjutant. In his administrative Combat Team.1 Near position, it is almost certain that he Seravezza, Italy, April 8, ensured that the name Robert Kishi 1945, he was a platoon George Murakami, Bell Captain at El Tovar Hotel, June 17, was placed on the monument. runner delivering 1955. Photo by the prolific Park Service photographer Steve messages between units. Leding, courtesy Grand Canyon Museum Collection. (Steve Kishi, Robert T.: 1918 - When he saw five of Leding is buried at the South Rim Cemetery.) 8 Apr 1945, age 27 his comrades wounded Robert Kishi was not listed in the and pinned down, he advanced on figure in the South Rim community, 1940 Census at the South Rim and not the enemy position, laying down writing numerous articles on Canyon much is remembered about his role suppressing rifle fire and capturing issues for a variety of magazines. in the Canyon community. Perhaps a machine gun emplacement. He (She was later buried in the South he was missed when the census was was killed tending the wounded. Rim Cemetery.) Murakami it seems taken in April or he arrived shortly Kishi was awarded a Silver Star came by his surprising nickname, after. It is also possible he lived posthumously for “conspicuous Chinaman George, when the El Tovar outside the Park or gave a fake name. gallantry and intrepidity in action barber told a somewhat lame joke. One bellboy on the Census3 did against the enemy” and buried at The barber claimed he could not cut indeed report his name as “Barney the Florence American Cemetery George’s hair “until he grew a queue Ohara,” suggesting a somewhat wry in Florence, Italy.12 He was also like a Chinaman.” For some reason, view of the questions put by the promoted to corporal. the nickname stuck. Even overseas census taker. (Born in Hawaii and Murakami himself continued to during the war, he received letters sent 32-years-old, this was not Kishi.) live and work at the Canyon for many to his unit addressed to “Chinaman Kishi volunteered for the Army in years. In 1954, Eloise Turner wrote George.” (Apparently, it was easier Salt Lake City on August 25, 1943.9 Salt a full-page article about him for the for some than remembering his last Lake had a small Japanese-American Fred Harvey employee magazine name.) Another story Eloise told was community of three thousand Hospitality,2 probably when he was of Murakami serving as a bellboy for during the war,7 independent of the promoted to bell captain at the El General Eisenhower in 1950, before internment camps, so perhaps this is Tovar Hotel. Eloise was a well-known his visit as president in 1957. When

4 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Murakami said he had been with the Rowe Well bar. (The establishment Army during World War II composed 442nd during the war, Eisenhower at the time was a private inholding of Japanese-Americans. Go for Broke replied, “You boys did a swell job.” inside the Park and was considered was their unit motto. 2. In 1965, Murakami left the a particularly bad influence on the Eloise Turner, George Took a China- Canyon, moving to Los Angeles community by Superintendent man’s Chance and He Likes It, Fred Har- vey Hospitality 1954 September p 5. to work for Fred Harvey in one of Harold Bryant.) After Jack was Most issues of Hospitality can be seen the newly opened Music Center buried in the South Rim Cemetery in at the Cline Library Special Collec- restaurants. (For those unfamiliar 1952, George would occasionally take tions (TX901.F743) in Flagstaff. with the Los Angeles Music Center a bottle of whiskey to Jack’s grave. 3. Sixteenth Census of the United States, which opened in 1964, it is one of George would take a drink, then 1940, Arizona, Coconino County, the larger performing arts centers in pour some on the grave, trading back Grand Canyon National Park, Enu- the United States.) Murakami lived and forth until the bottle was gone. meration District 3-33. All seven Jap- near Little Tokyo in downtown Los Probably most of those vets who anese-American bellboys at the South Angeles, within walking distance hung around Rowe Well tended to Rim are listed on Sheets 7A and B. 4. of the Music Center. For many drink a little too much. New York Times 1900 May 20: Japanese years after leaving the Canyon, he Mary Hoover also mentioned House Servants. 5. Hollywood Heyday website maintained his membership in the that an older bellboy became a shoe (http://hollywoodheyday.blogspot. John Ivens Post, paying his yearly shiner during the war, Adam Harada com/2009/12/) dated December 30, dues. In the very last issue of the who was 37-years-old in the 1940 2009. Chaplin gossip is dated April Fred Harvey employee magazine Census. When Murakami returned, 13, 1932. Hospitality, November-December Adam also took his old job back. He 6. P.T. Reilly, Lee’s Ferry: From Mormon 1969, Murakami was among those traveled regularly to see his family Crossing to National Park, Utah State receiving special notice as a long- in Hawaii, always returning with University Press, Logan, Utah, 1999, p term employee, in George’s case, 36 a present for Mary. She tells a story 308. Zane Grey and his valet were at years. Fred Harvey even included his about Adam bowling at the Rowe the Lee’s Ferry area in 1924. 7. time in the Army during the war. Well establishment, falling down and Charlotte Brooks, In the Twilight Zone Murakami was found in his cutting his head even though he did between Black and White: Japanese American Resettlement and Community apartment June 15, 1982, dead from not drink. Sometimes Adam would in Chicago, 1942-1945. Journal of Ameri- an apparent heart attack at the fill in for George at Jack Harbin’s can History 86 (4), 1 Mar 2000, 1655-87. 13 age of 71. How long he had lain graveside, when George could not 8. Superintendent’s Monthly Report, De- there is unknown. He had lived attend. Adam, in contrast to George, cember 1941, p 5, Grand Canyon Na- at the same address for 17 years, would apparently pour the entire tional Park Museum Collection. apparently never married, and had bottle on the grave. Adam eventually 9. World War II Army Enlistment Re- no known relatives. When he retired retired to Hawaii. What happened to cords website (www.ww2enlistment. is unknown. The only informant the other five bellboys listed on the org). on his death certificate was the 1940 Census is not known. 10. John Ivens Post 42 American Legion Department of Military and Veterans If you go looking for the name Scrapbooks, courtesy Al Richmond. 11. Affairs. His body was not buried for Robert T. Kishi on the American Headstone Inscription and Interment Record: Robert T. Kishi. three months, probably only after Legion Memorial, look for the other 12. Find A Grave website (findagrave. Veterans Affairs identified him as one names too. All were young men com). of their own. On September 15, 1982, from the Canyon community who 13. Certificate of Death, State of Califor- George Toshihisa Murakami (July 5, died in the World Wars. All have nia, Department of Public Health: 1910 – June 15, 1982) was buried at interesting stories, although not as George Murakami. the Riverside National Cemetery in much is remembered about them 14. Mary Hoover interview July 21, 2014, California, section 6 site 791. as we would wish. And if you look Grand Canyon Historical Society. Longtime resident Mary Hoover for Kishi, you might also remember Murakami is misspelled “Murikami” came to the Canyon as a Harvey George Murakami, who was part of in the transcript; Adam Harada is also girl in 1946, staying to work in one the Canyon community for 28 years, mentioned. capacity or another for more than not counting his years away in the 40 years.14 Having several close war. Wonder what he felt as he placed friends in the American Legion and the wreath at the American Legion its Auxiliary, she acted as the John Memorial during the Memorial Day Ivens Post secretary for many years. celebrations in 1954. She reported that George was well liked in the Post, and was particularly Endnotes good friends with another member, 1. 442nd Regimental Team website Jack Harbin, who ran the infamous (http://442sd.org/), a unit in the U.S. www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 5 George Dock’s 1905 and 1910 Trips to the Grand Canyon by Michael D. Mauer well have had some official capacity Buckskin Mountain. It measures at the school, which continues today about forty miles north to south, Editor’s note: The Summer 2019 as the University of Texas Medical and twenty from east to west. The issue (v. 30 n. 3) of The Ol’ Pioneer Branch at Galveston. Dock and Laura northwest part is but a little higher featured “Dock’s Letter to Marshall”, McLemore applied for a marriage than the adjacent Kanab region.” a recounting of George Dock’s 1910 license on July 10, 1892; Edwin journey to the Kaibab Plateau. The Jessop Marshall and Sallie McLemore A NOTE ON PLACE NAMES article below continues the saga with applied for their license shortly Arizona place names, listed 1905 and 1910 excerpts from Dock’s before, on June 5, 1892. alphabetically, will be found in unpublished autobiography, Apologia In 1891 Dock accepted a teaching Byrd Howell Granger’s Arizona’s pro vita mea. All photos by George Dock. position at the University of Names: X Marks the Place (1980). Michigan, Ann Arbor, which he held Some additional information may BACKGROUND from 1891 to 1908. His teaching career be gleaned from Granger’s 1960 George Dock, M.D., was an continued at Tulane University from revision of Barnes’ Arizona Place unusually well-read and widely 1908 to 1910, and at Washington Names, which has a section devoted traveled man, visiting many parts University, St. Louis from 1910 to to the Grand Canyon. There are no of the world in the course of his 1922. He then moved to Altadena, separate entries for Buckskin (see medical education, membership in California and established a private Kaibab Plateau, P. 337) or Walhalla professional organizations, and his practice in Pasadena. (see Greenland Point and Greenland immense intellectual curiosity. Dock In the late 1940s, Dr. Dock wrote Spring, P. 277). taught at the medical school at the his unpublished autobiography, Information on Utah place names University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Apologia pro vita mea, from which has been taken from a variety of on- from 1891 until 1908. It was during this Grand Canyon material is taken. line sources and the badly outdated this time that in 1905 he, accompanied We are fortunate that his extensive but still interesting American Guide by his wife Laura McLemore Dock correspondence and scrapbooks are Series Utah published in 1941. (1871-1924), and sons George, Jr. preserved at The Huntington Library, (1895-1971) and William (1899-1990), San Marino, California. SOME BACKGROUND ON first visited the Grand Canyon. Anyone who has read Gregory PEOPLE REFERENCED BY DOCK It was during this excursion that Crampton’s well-edited Sharlot Hall T[heophil] Mitchell Prudden, Dock, upon seeing the North Rim on the Arizona Strip will immediately M. D. was born on July 7, 1849 at “…became possessed by a wish realize her understanding of the Middlebury, Connecticut and died to get nearer these features.” By world is as different from Dock’s as is at New York City on April 10, 1924. virtue of the marriages of Dr. Dock her elegant prose from his spare and Prudden received his medical degree and Edwin Jessop Marshall to the objective writing. Dock’s writing is from Yale Medical School in 1905. He McLemore sisters of Galveston in lucid; Hall’s is luminous. was a pathologist and bacteriologist, 1892, Dock’s wish came true in 1910. Hall’s description of the Buckskin and was the first to make diphtheria In 1907 Marshall, a Texas oilman upon leaving House Rock Valley was: antitoxin in the United States. About and rancher, had purchased the old “… the Buckskin Mountains looked 1895 he began to spend summers VT outfit on the Kaibab Plateau, like a big land tortoise with a shell in the Southwest devoting himself greatly simplifying arrangements for of steel gray limestone up which we to archaeology and other scientific the visit to this remote region. This could see tomorrow’s road winding pursuits. His bibliography runs to 82 property became the nucleus of the in a dizzy fashion.” (Sharlot Hall on items, most on pathological topics, Grand Canyon Cattle Company. the Arizona Strip, p. 60). with the remaining seven devoted It is tempting to speculate how Dock’s description of the Buckskin to the archaeology and ethnography Dock and Marshall met. Dock must in his Apologia, page 174, was: of the southwest. His obituary and have met Marshall in the summer “The Kaibab Plateau is the most bibliography will be found in National of 1888, if not before. In September conspicuous and also the most Academy of Sciences, Biographical of that year he had accepted the interesting part of the North Rim of Memoirs, Vol. XII, Third Memoir, position of chair of pathology at the Grand Canyon. The Indians1 who Biographical Memoir of Theophil the proposed medical school in lived there when the explorers first Mitchell Prudden, 1849-1924. Further Galveston and held this position until investigated it compared its shape to biographical information will be 1891. As Marshall was a prominent that of a buckskin pegged out to dry, found in The Dictionary of American businessman in Galveston, he might and for years it was locally called Biography, 1935, XV: P252-254

6 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org of the United States Geological Survey, and Bureau of Ethnology Smithsonian Institution. (D.A.B. XV, (1935) 146-148). For an excellent account of the 1869 expedition see Ghiglieri, Michael P., 2003. Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh (Sept.13, 1853 - Jan. 29, 1935) an author, cartographer and artist, was a member of Powell’s Second Colorado River Expedition, 1871. He made the first maps of the region and was historian of the expedition (D.A.B., Supplement 1, (1944), 237-238). Clarence Edward Dutton (May 15, 1841 - Jan. 4, 1912) was a soldier and geologist, U.S. Army 1862 - 1901, detailed to U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey, studied the plateau region of Utah and Arizona 1875-85 under J.W. Powell. His best- known work is The Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District 1882 Buckskin Mountains from West (D.A.B., V, 1930, 555). Jim Goulding escorted Dock into the canyon but I have not been able to (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York). think that his experiences in combat locate any biographical information, Cited hereafter as D.A.B. and as a prisoner of war profoundly though I think that the Kolbs and Captain John Hance, born Sept. influenced his life. So far as I know other early writers mentioned him. 11, 1838 at Cowan’s Ferry, Sevier John Hance never married, and I’m Edwin Jessop Marshall (Mar. 18, Co., Tennessee, died at Coconino tempted to attribute this to what is 1860 - Mar. 4, 1937) was married to County Hospital, Flagstaff, Arizona, now known as PTSD (post traumatic Sallie McLemore, sister of Dock’s first Jan. 6, 1919, was best known for his stress disorder). By far the best source wife, Laura McLemore Dock (d. Dec. tall tales. When he crossed the great of biographical information on Hance 11, 1924) (Nation, 2003: 27). By 1903 divide his half-brother, George W. is Don Lago’s “Tall Cliffs and Tall the Marshalls had moved from Texas Hance of Camp Verde supposedly Tales: The Origins of John Hance” to California (Dock, 142). Marshall said: “I wish my brother would (Lago, 2010), though a new biography was a prominent businessman, be remembered for something by Shane Murphy is scheduled for with major cattle ranching interests other than being the biggest liar in release in May 2020. The trail referred in California, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Arizona.” When he arrived at the to by Dock is probably Hance’s Red Arizona and New Mexico. The Grand Canyon in 1883 he prospected, Canyon Trail rather than the older Chihuahua property was the famous located mining claims, developed the Hance Trail. For an entertaining, Palomas Rancho, and the Arizona Hance and Red Canyon trails, and but not entirely accurate biography outfit was the Bar Z, the Grand escorted the first tourist, Edward E. of John Hance, see Lockwood’s Canyon Cattle Co. The New Mexico Ayer (see Lockwood, 1968:89-107), “Captain John Hance and the Grand ranch was the Albert B. Fall spread into the canyon in 1885 (Granger, Canyon.” in Lincoln County; this ranch was 1983: 287). In 1905 Dock met John John Wesley Powell (Mar. 24, known as Three Rivers (Roberts, 1986: Hance and evidently enjoyed his 1834 - Sept. 23, 1902) was a geologist, 290). Brief biographies of Marshall brand of personal and canyon lore. ethnologist, and administrator. He are in Lummis, 1909: 380; Who Was The misinformation about “Captain” was a Union Major in the Civil War, Who in America, 1, 1897-1942 (A.N. John Hance, oft repeated, is family lost his right arm at Shiloh, traveled Marquis Co., Chicago, 1942), 780; lore, the publication of which down the Colorado River through “Edwin Marshall, Cattle King Dead”, originated with my grandmother Grand Canyon in 1869 and again in New York Times, March 5, 1937. Frances Melissa Hance Ketcherside. 1871, and published Explorations of Marshall may have been the largest There is nothing to suggest that the Colorado River of the West and its cattle rancher in the United States in Hance was anything but a Private Tributaries (Smithsonian Institution, the first quarter of the 20th Century. Soldier in the Confederate army. I Washington, 1875). He was Director E. M. Mansfield, from whom www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 7 Neil M. Judd received assistance, GEORGE DOCK’S ACCOUNT OF HIS 1905 AND 1910 hospitality, and pack mules, was manager of the Grand Canyon Cattle TRIPS TO THE GRAND CANYON AND THE KAIBAB Company in 1918, while doing the skyline, with its dark fringe of archaeological reconnaissance in I first visited the Grand Canyon trees to the picturesque recesses and House Rock Valley and the Walhalla in the Spring of 1905, when, on the green foliage of Bright Angel Canyon. Plateau areas (See Judd, 1926). advice of Dr. T. Mitchell Prudden, I then became possessed by a wish Charles Dimmick, resident now with the Ages, I went with my to get nearer these features, but for manager of the Grand Canyon Cattle wife and sons to the Grand View[sic] several years found it impossible. Company’s VT Park headquarters, Hotel2 at the Point of that name on As a substitute I reread the early made arrangements for the Docks in the South Rim. There was a very explorations of the district, from the 1910. comfortable hotel close to the Point, reports of J. W. Powell, [Frederick S.] Uncle Jim Owens was a well- managed by a copper company that Dellenbaugh and his successors, and known figure on the north side of the was getting ore from a mine half way the Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon Grand Canyon from 1906 until 1922. to the river, and was obliged for its District by Clarence E. Dutton, with He was a Texan, long associated with own safety to keep the trail in good its magnificent Atlas. C. J. “Buffalo Jones”. Owens is best condition. Dr. Prudden when there Soon after that, the way was known as the government’s official slept on a rock at the very edge of the being prepared for a visit on a scale lion-hunter, a role he occupied until cliff. I could have never planned myself. 1922. He killed somewhere near 600 Later, the mine was abandoned My brother-in-law, Edward [sic] J. catamounts. and the hotel acquired by William Marshall, a cattle rancher in Texas, Bert Younkin, was the Dock’s cook Randolph Hearst, who kindly moved to California and acquired before, during, and after this trip. allowed the public access to the Point, the basis of [an Arizona] ranch by Ike Brown (I. A. Brown) was, but was under no obligation to keep buying the water rights on the Kaibab after some difficulty, engaged by up the trails. We arrived at Grand Plateau. [He] rapidly built this up to Dimmick to attend to the Docks as Canyon Station on the morning train everything a cattle ranch should be, driver and guide. (Letters, Dimmick from the East, and as the wagon raising pedigreed Hereford cattle. to Marshall, July 9 and July 11, 1910. from Grandview had not yet come, The rights had originally been Dock Collection, Grand Canyon File, we utilized the time to eat the good obtained by a prominent Mormon Huntington Library). breakfast of the El Tovar Hotel and pioneer from the United States Buffalo Jones was Charles Jesse see the numerous attractions in and government [through] a process Jones who, with Uncle Jim Owens, around the hotel and get the first known as patenting. The pioneer brought bison to House Rock Valley awe-struck views of the Canyon from told how God, riding up and down in 1906. The descendants of those the Terrace. We reached the hotel at the earth one day, came to the Kaibab critters are still there. See Robert the Point before noon and spent the Plateau. When he reached the highest Easton and D. Mackenzie Brown’s afternoon absorbing the views on point stood up in his stirrups and 1961 biography of Jones. foot and horse-back for a few miles said: “Here I will make a cattle ranch David Rust (1874-1963) was a East and West from there. that no man can take away”. guide from Kanab, Utah. Rust’s Next morning we took a pack The land was leased for grazing Camp was at the lower end of Bright outfit under the care of Jim Goulding, until it was made into a National Angel Canyon and was operated assistant manager of the hotel, and Monument some years later4. There from 1907 until 1919 when Grand went down the Grand View Trail. We were substantial [ranch] buildings Canyon officially became a national stopped briefly at the copper mine, near strategic springs for storehouses, park. https://www.nps.gov /grca/ and a longer time, with magnesium all connected by dirt roads to the planyourvisit/upload/Phantom- flares [at] the limestone caves.3 Spring main road north and west by way walking.pdf flowers were in full bloom on the of Fredonia, Kanab, Toquerville and “… prominent Mormon pioneer…” Tonto Plateau, a wide shelf running Cedar City to the railroad at Lund, mentioned by Dock may have been for miles at that level. We camped Utah. After 1916 these were made either Van Slack or Thompson from close to the river, and next day made into hard surface roads. The springs whose initials VT Park was named. a leisurely ascent further east by the were all improved and piped to trail made by the veteran explorer of troughs or tanks, [and] a new one was the Canyon, Hance, whom we were opened under the cliff before Cape fortunate enough to find at home, Royal at the southeast corner of the and who told us several of his famous [Greenland] Plateau. Weathertight canyon stories. From the two trails buildings were placed at convenient we had the best and nearest views of locations for the storage of rock salt, the North side of the Canyon, from essential for horses and cattle. The

8 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org rented land was surrounded by post country with small mountains, the and eat the delicious fruit. The next and wire, not barbed, fences horse Colobs,9 and steep cliffs, with the site morning we filled the wagons with high and bull strong, with division of the Meadow Mountain Massacre10 figs, peaches, pears and grapes, and fences and gates where needed. in the distance. Thirty-two miles started off. Riding horses, seven with each rider, brought us to Toquerville11 (3100), a The present hard surfaced road and mules for packing, were kept in pleasant little town with irrigation goes almost directly east to Kanab large pastures. A resident manager ditches and large shade trees, and [the] Kaibab Plateau, but Ike took lived on the ranch, in 1910 the hard- gardens with fruit trees, surrounded us across the Virgen River12 to the riding and two gun shooting Charley with market gardens and more fruit small town of Hurricane (3500)13 and Dimmock [sic] and later [E. M.] trees. There, also after a good dinner we climbed up the steep Hurricane Mansfield. Mr. Marshall made trips we slept on the lawn, or rather under Ledge to the Uinkaret Plateau14 to the ranch, and in 1910 expected a white fig tree with a spread of 100 twelve hundred feet higher. This got to take me and my sons, but was feet. From our beds we could pick us at once into a cooler region with prevented [from so doing] and sent the rest of us. Eventually, I made four trips to the Northside, but before describing them will speak of the general features of the area. Mr. Marshall had planned to take us [to the ranch at VT Park] but was prevented [from so doing]. With George Dock, Jr., and William Dock I met Bert Younkin, the cook, on August 14th. With supplies for a month [we] took the night train on the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad for Lund [Utah]5, a water station. Arriving at five the next morning we found Ike Brown waiting with a four horse team and a three seated Studebaker wagon, built for the ranch. Ike was a fine specimen of American pioneer, a Mormon living in the town of Kanab. Farmer, cowboy, mule-skinner and tracker, Gorge of Virgin River. he had worked for J.W. Powell on his second tour of the Grand Canyon region, and was Mr. Marshall’s guide on his first tour of the ranch property. We found that one of the horses was sick from the change from mountain to desert, [and] that we had more supplies than the Studebaker could hold. We got a farmer in Lund6 to sell us a horse, and also to take part of our load in a small wagon. The Escalante Desert7 begins at Lund. We started across it on a dirt road that later gave way to a good hard-surfaced highway. By late afternoon we reached Cedar City (5840)8, a flourishing Mormon town thirty-eight miles from Lund. From friends of Ike we got a good dinner and permission to sleep on the lawn. The next day we continued our drive south, soon getting into a volcanic Charley Dimmick. www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 9 VT Park looking East. easier grades. The Shaevits Plateau was a long grassy flat, surrounded by He had a small and comfortable [sic]15 to the west is from twelve large trees, with a low hill on the east cottage in a natural park three miles to sixteen hundred feet lower, but side. There was a fine spring between from Bright Angel Point (8135), and has identical geologic features. The our camp in the woods and the main another cottage in a smaller park Hurricane Fault is one of the most road that bisected the park. Beyond with a good spring, called Quaking interesting, because [it is] one of the the house was a large series of corrals, Asp21, a few miles north west. He was longest and best-defined faults in the used in the herding and transfer of a dead shot with rifle and revolver west. (Dutton) [sic]. cattle. Near our camp was a newly and had a pack of dogs trained for The plateau has relics of volcanic erected house for the ranger and his lion hunting. That is they would pick activity south of our area, and family. We quickly set up our cooking up the scent of a cougar, follow it, we passed close to a very perfect plant and arranged our sleeping bags without being diverted to other game, small black lava cone with rivers of under one of the largest trees, so large until it went up a tree, and stay there hardened lava running across the that when a heavy rain began after until the hunter came up. Sometimes desert in all directions. In order to supper, and continued all night, not a they would get so far [ahead that reach feed and water we had to drive drop reached us. the hunters] lost their voices, and forty-six miles to nine p.m.[sic], The morning was clear and bright. then had to be hunted in turn. Uncle finally reaching an outlying station of The rain had brought to view several Jim was well known to Theodore the ranch, called Cane Beds16, close to arrowheads, one of them the most Roosevelt, and described by him in the Vermilion Cliff.17 Next morning beautiful I ever saw. Our horses and an article on cougar hunting in the I climbed the cliff to see the mesa on mules had been gathered in a small Outlook in 191322. He was given a top, and we then drove twenty-three corral, and we lost no time putting on special Springfield rifle by the former miles to the old but well-preserved halters and helping Ike to shoe them. President, bearing an expression of stone fort at Pipe Springs [sic]18 While that was going on cowboys gratitude. (4940), built by early Mormons. drove three thousand cattle into the A short distance from Jim’s house Next day brought us to Fredonia large corrals, on their way to the was Bright Angel Spring, close to the (4725), known to readers of Zane railroad at Lund, and market. When head of the Transept, the side canyon Gray with a slight change of name, the road was clear we saddled our mentioned above. The water was and a good kitchen. We had slept horses and with the wagons and piped into a series of three hollowed out of doors from the time we left mules went to Uncle Jim Owens’ logs, for horses [with] the upper one the railroad. Next day we reached house, fifteen miles south and three for bathing. The first summer the Ryan City19, the ambitious name for a miles from Bright Angel Point. [Here] temperature in the first log was 50 dead copper mine with a half a dozen we arranged our sleeping bags on degrees Fahr. [sic], so bathing was a frame buildings in charge of an ex- beds of balsam. speedy process. Near the house Jim army sergeant. An overhead pipe Uncle Jim, who has to be mentioned kept a cougar, with a stout collar, gave us the welcome innovation of a often, was an important feature on chained to a large tree with a packing shower bath. By that time we were on the Kaibab Plateau in the early part box for shelter. We place our sleeping the west side of the Kaibab Plateau. of this century. He was supposed to bags, on beds of balsam nearby, and After another day, riding through have come from Texas to the Grand every morning the two boys shot wooded canyons with castellated Canyon region, was appointed lion mice, with a 22 bore rifle, to help feed rocks, we reached VT Park and hunter, and carried out his duties the lion. headquarters of the ranch.20 The park with admirable skill for many years. The first day we explored the

10 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org ideal pasture for horses, while the more distant views including the San Francisco Peaks, the Painted Desert, Navajo Mountain and all the details suggested years of sightseeing. After returning from the east side, we went next to Point Sublime28, having the benefit of Uncle Jim’s company, including the dogs. The point begins at an elevation of 8000 feet, rolling gently in the upper part, but nearly flat for the last half mile. There was an old camp site on the east side, close to an abandoned copper mine, and there we made our camp with an uninterrupted view to the south. On the west a long narrow ridge called Sagittarius, continuing as Scorpion Ridge29, ran parallel to Bath room Bright Angel Spring water 49 degrees F 9.10.10. Sublime [but] a little lower and so surroundings as far as Bright Angel Point (8135), made plans, and assembled supplies for the next trip. Planning trips of three to five days each we assembled food the day before, packed beds and duffel bags as soon as we were up and while breakfast was cooking; gathered horses and mules; ate breakfast; saddled the animals and soon after breakfast would be off. Bert and I formed the rear guard and looked out for strays or dropped articles. If we expected a long ride the first day we put lunch goods at the top of a pack. Every one had an iron ration of malted milk tablets, chocolate, raisins and chewing gum. On the Plateau it was not necessary to carry canteens and drinking water. In the rare event En route to E Greenland. we expected a dry camp, or one more than half a mile from water, we carried a ten gallon keg and filled it at Temple. From there we went to Cape near one could see all the details of the last spring. Final, the farthest east, with several the wooded surface, and wished for The first trip included the southeast fine temples and the warped strata wings so we could set foot on it. corner of the Plateau, locally called of the East Kaibab Monocline26. [We Farther west was the Grand Scenic 23 Greenland , part of what the maps got] well up on the rim overlooking Divide and the mass of Powell’s call Walhalla Plateau, and extending Marble Canyon to the point formerly Plateau [sic]30 The sides of Point from the upper end of Bright Angel called Skidoo27, but refined later Sublime were perpendicular to a 24 Canyon to the southern and eastern to Imperial Point. The forbidding great depth, and it was interesting point of the North Rim, called Cape rim that had fascinated us from the to push small rocks and count the 25 Royal (7176) . Keeping near the rim, Grand View trail we found [to be] a seconds it took for them to reach we got near views of Thor Temple, combination of pine trees and grass, bottom. There is much to see from the Angels Gate, Wotan’s Throne and without underbrush, with a rocky Point Sublime, and from it one can the immense pile headed by Vishnu rampart all around it. It made an get the most accurate idea of the large www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 11 the marble Canyon the earth was washed away, and and all the way to the the tram had to be reached over the Vermilion Cliffs. We boulders. Before leaving home we followed the rim of had arranged with the El Tovar Hotel the canyon for several to meet us the next day after arrival at miles, the ground the river with horses and pack mules showing many for us and our baggage, and so we fragments of baked were ready early to leave. Not seeing clay pots, indicating any evidence of travel on the trail, a large population at William Dock and I crossed the river one time. Although in a canvas canoe and walked up the the surface looked like trail. When we reached the Tonto a desert, Ike told us Trail, where we could see ahead for that after a wet winter several miles, we realized there was the ground would some mistake and continued to the be covered by grass hotel, a good days walk. We found reaching to a horse’s our order had been overlooked, and stomach. There were arranged to have it carried out the many cliff houses on next day. the walls of Marble It is hard to realize that there Canyon, but we saw was no way, then or ten years [later none that seemed for] communication between Grand accessible. We went Canyon Station on the south side as far to the north as of the river and the territory south Jacob’s Pools32, close of Kanab. That continued up to and to the Vermilion Cliffs. after 1921. Sporadic efforts had been Rust’s Camp. One of our objects made to signal from side to side of was the herd of bison the river, but were so often the cause part atmosphere plays in the Grand owned by Buffalo Jones , who had been of mistakes that they were given up. Canyon. It is instructive to go to the trying to cross bison with domestic The Roosevelt party in 1913, and we Point before sunrise, see the shadows cows. On account of the multitude in 1916, discovered how imperfect move as the sun comes up over of tracks in the dry earth we were the situation was. William and I got the gorge, and all the innumerable unable to find the main herd, and saw out early next morning and watched temples, alcoves and colonnades only two melancholy outlaws, exiled the trail with binoculars, for our party change their details. By noon the by the younger ones. We returned to had not brought supplies for a long light is so strong all details are wiped the edge of the Kaibab, in House Rock stay at the river. When George and out, and a photograph shows only Valley (6000)33, where the ranch had a Bert arrived in the late afternoon we smooth cliffs. From mid-afternoon well-supplied storehouse to supply found Dave Rust had joined the party. the details reappear, so that for a time the winter range in that vicinity. From As he and the Kolb Brothers were it seems if dozens of Turkish tents there we reached the main road to VT old friends on the Colorado river were rising from the rocks. Later the Park and followed it back to our main we had a pleasant and instructive purple shadows settle again. When camp. After further explorations evening at the studio, including the the moon is full the landscapes are around Bright Angel Point for two evening lecture, as well as a badger almost as clear as in sunlight, and days, we made preparations to leave. hunt participated in by the guests of good time exposures can be taken. The trail down Bright Angel the hotels. We left the next day, after After four days we returned to Canyon is about thirteen miles shipping our camp supplies to St. our base camp to assemble supplies long, and like all such trails has to Louis. for the next trip, very different from be taken slowly, especially the long the overpowering grandeur of the way through the lower part where ENDNOTES one just finished. Descending South the boulders were larger and more 1. These people are known as the Canyon, at the southeast corner of the numerous. Kaibab sub-group of the Southern Kaibab, we reached the edge of forest A short distance from the river Paiute (see Isabel T. Kelly and Catherine S. Fowler, 368–397). The and mountain. [We] camped the first were the corrals and tents of Rust’s 31 Paiute term, bucksin, deer or in some night at Panther Spring , a small park camp, and beyond that a firm earth resources mountain lying down was among cliffs with well preserved rock wall led around a corner to the rendered “Buckskin” by early white houses in large caves. The next day landing place for the aerial tram. settlers. brought us to the flat plain including [When we were] there six years later

12 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org 2. The Grandview Hotel was erected miles northwest of Cedar City. 16. Cane Beds, Mohave County, Arizona, by the Grand Canyon Copper Co. 8. Cedar City, located in Iron County, named for cattails was first settled in in 1895, replacing the log structure founded in 1851, is equidistant from 1868 at the confluence of the Virgin built by Pete Berry in 1892, (Corle, iron and coal deposits, vital to the River and Ash Creek (Granger, 1983: Edwin, 1951: 208-210). Granger, development of Utah Territory. There 113). 1960: 144, gives 1904 as the date of are numerous cedars, actually a 17. Dock is probably referring to the the hotel’s construction. The Last species of juniper, in the area hence color of the rock near Cane Beds. The Chance Mine was located by Berry the community’s name. The numbers only reference in Granger’s useful in 1891. It is about 2 miles north in parentheses are elevations in feet book is to the Vermilion Cliffs west of Grandview Point on Horseshoe which Dock obtained with an aneroid of Marble Canyon and the Colorado Mesa, immediately east of the trail barometer. River. at an elevation of 4100 feet (Vishnu 9. The Colobs, now usually rendered 18. Pipe Spring, Mohave County, Temple Quadrangle, USGS 15 Minute as Kolobs, are shown as the Colob Arizona, has a long and interesting Series (1962)). NB all maps cited Plateau on Dock’s 60x60 Minute Mormon history. It became a National are USGS 15 Minute Quadrangles St. George Reconnaissance Sheet Monument in 1932) Granger, 1983: unless otherwise noted. The Grand (USGS Edition of 1891, reprinted 488). Canyon Copper Co. and its assets Mar. 1908), which is in possession of 19. Ryan City, Coconino County, was the were purchased by William Randolph the editor. On current USGS maps, site of a smelter intended to reduce Hearst in 1907, and acquired by the Kolob Arch, Kolob Reservoir, copper ores from Arizona Strip the National Park Service in 1919 Cogswell Point and Straight Canyon mines, T38N R1W (Crampton, 1975: (Watkins, 1969: 232). See also 7.5 Minute Quadrangles (all 1980), 68; see also Granger, 1983: 535). Granger, 1983: 270, for additional it is shown as either Kolob Plateau 20. VT Park is now known as DeMotte information on the Grand View or Kolob Terrace. The Kolob Plateau Park (see Granger, 1983: 202 for the Hotel. is immediately northeast of Zion origin of the names). Of VT Park, 3. The Grand View Caves, now National Park. Kolob is a Mormon Granger wrote “Major John Wesley designated Horseshoe Mesa Caves, concept, signifying the first creation Powell in August 1872 named the were discovered in 1897 by Joseph nearest to the celestial, or residence natural park after Dr. Harvey C. De Gildner, Grand Canyon Copper Co. of God (Smith, 1965, Ch. 3, 34-35). If Motte, professor of Mathematics at cook (Granger, 1983: 309). Two early this citation is odd, I have no idea Wesleyan University, who traveled descriptions of these caves with what the correct format might be. briefly with Powell’s party. During photographs will be found in Woods, 10. The Meadow Mountains Massacre, the 1880s this glade was referred to 1889. (usually rendered as Mountain as VT Park because Van Slack and 4. The Kaibab National Forest was Meadow Massacre) occurred in 1857 Thompson raised cattle with the VT established in 1919 and included when an immigrant party lost most of brand (which belonged to the Valley the game reserve, which had been its members in a violent confrontation Tannery of Orderville, Utah, where created in 1906. Added to the park, with local people, Mormons or the two men lived). The cattle range Grand Canyon Cattle Company quit Indians, or perhaps both (see Malouf was abandoned in 1919 and the the range in 1924 and trailed their and Findlay, 1986, P. 508). name De Motte Park was restored.” animals to New Mexico, apparently 11. The name “Toquerville” was given Granger thus neatly solves, perhaps to the Three Rivers Ranch, which to the new settlement, taken from the too neatly, the question of the origin Marshall had purchased after the Indian word ‘toquer’, (pronounced of this place name. I have seen it fall of Interior Secretary Albert Fall toe-ker), meaning black (www.to- attributed to either Van Slack and and the Teapot Dome scandal. The querville.org/history). Its name is Thompson or “Valley Tan.” It is Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 limited also said be derived from the name of my understanding that the Grand grazing on public lands and further “an early Paiute chief.” It was found- Canyon Cattle Company, the Bar Z curtailed stock raising on the Kaibab ed in 1857. outfit, ran cattle on the range until and Arizona Strip. Overgrazing 12. Virgen River is the spelling favored 1924, at which time the cattle were by cattle was a serious problem by old timers. According to a recent trailed to the Three Rivers Ranch in throughout the Southwest beginning source the “…river is named for New Mexico. When Interior Secretary in the 1880s, and the Kaibab and Thomas Virgin, a member of the Albert B. Fall fell, the ranch was adjacent areas were no exception. first American party to see it, led acquired by Marshall et al. The increase of deer populations by by Jedediah Smith in 1826…” 21. Quaking Asp, or Aspen, is located the campaign against catamounts, or (Wikipedia: Virgin River. See in Quaking Aspen Canyon about pumas, probably contributed to this Granger, 1983 for a full explanation of 16.5 miles northwest of Bright Angel environmental derangement both “Virgen” and “Virgin”; see also Point and about 1.8 miles north of the 5. The San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt La Verkin. Utah, a Guide to the State northern boundary of Grand Canyon Lake Railroad was completed in 1905. 1941: 302). National Park (Powell Plateau It became part of the Union Pacific 13. Hurricane is named for the Hurricane Quadrangle, (1962); see also Granger, System in 1921. Fault and is noted for its fruit crops 1983: 506). 6. The farmer’s name was Fred (Utah, a Guide to the State 1941: 302). 22. The article cited by Dock is “A Burkholder (Letter, Dock to Marshall, 14. Uinkaret Plateau, from a Paiute Cougar Hunt on the Rim of the Oct. 2, 1910, Dock Collection, Grand word meaning “where the pines Grand Canyon”, The Outlook, 105 Canyon File, Huntington Library, San grow” (Barnes, 1960: 464). It and the (London, Oct. 4, 1913), by Theodore Marino, CA). Shivwits plateaus are both in Mojave Roosevelt. Jim Owens was a well- 7. The Escalante Desert lies in Beaver County. known figure on the north side of the and Iron counties, Utah. Its center is 15. Shivwits Plateau, from a Paiute word Grand Canyon from 1906 until 1922. about 40 miles east of the Nevada- meaning “people of the springs” He was a Texan, long associated with Utah border. It is about 30 airline (Granger, 1983: 559). C.J. “Buffalo Jones”. Owens is best www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 13 known as the government’s official 27. Skidoo is not in Granger. The location (letter to Mauer from L. Greer Price, lion-hunter, a role he occupied until probably takes its name from the Information Specialist, United States 1922. Jones died in 1936 (Easton slang term skidoo, popular in the National Park Service, Grand Canyon and Brown, 1961: 120, 136-141, early 1900s, referring to leaving, National Park, Jan. 22, 1992). 238). Sharlot Hall, like Dock and being kicked out, or the end of 32. Jacob’s Pools are named for Jacob Roosevelt, was a great admirer of something; sometimes used in the Hamblin who came to Arizona in Uncle Jim (Crampton, 1975:78-79). phrase “23 skidoo”. 1858 to convert the Hopi (Granger, For a different perspective see Krutch 28. Point Sublime was named by Dutton 1983: 328). pp. 212-220. Although Krutch refers who, quoted by Granger (1983, 590) 33. House Rock Valley’s elevation is to Owens as Uncle Jose there is no wrote, “We named it Point Sublime… given at 6000 feet by Dock; this doubt that he writes of Uncle Jim. His by far the most sublime of earthly elevation is probably an estimate full name was James T. Owens. spectacles.” made by Dock while writing the 23. Greenland is the old name used by 29. Sagittarius and Scorpion Ridges are Apologia in the late 1940s. The Mormon cattlemen for the Walhalla west and southwest of Point Sublime, benchmark at House Rock is shown Plateau. Dock seems to have had and between it and the Colorado. as 5376 (Jacob Lake Quadrangle a preference for the older place Scorpion Ridge is so named because (1953)). It is sometimes referred to as names. There is no separate listing its lower end branches into two Rock House Valley. for “Walhalla” and no information curved claw-like arms (Havasupai other than that under “Greenland” in Point Quadrangle (1962); Granger, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS either Arizona Place Names (Granger, 1983: 550). The late Dove Menkes who freely 1960: 145) or Arizona’s Names: X 30. Powell Plateau is shown as Powell’s shared his research and encouragement. Marks the Spot (Granger, 1983: 277). Plateau on Dock’s 60x60 minute His passion for the canyon and its My wife, Eileen O’Dwyer, a student Kaibab Reconnaissance Sheet history will remain an inspiration to of folklore, when queried about (Edition of Mar. 1886, reprinted Jan. future historians, both amateur and the word “Walhalla” immediately 1909). Another of Dock’s maps, the professional. said “Vahalla,” the needed clue to Aug. 1908 edition of the Shinumo The late Dr. and Mrs. Edgar F. the origin of the term. According Quadrangle shows the feature as Mauer for knowing of my interests in to Granger (Arizona Place Names, Powell Plateau, conforming with Arizona and Grand Canyon history 1960) the name Walhalla was current usage. Dock’s use of Powell’s and acquainting me with Dr. Dock’s suggested by Francois Matthes in Plateau would seem to be a deliberate autobiography. 1902. Matthes (1874-1948) was a anachronism rather than an error. The Lauren Martino, Special Collections geologist and cartographer of Dutch 1908 Shinumo Quadrangle, which Manager, Rosenberg Library, Galveston, origin. The word Valholl, is from must not be confused with the current Texas. Norse mythology for the “hall of the 7.5 and 15 minute sheets of the same Laurie Potter, librarian at the now slain,” or warrior heaven. In German name, is a cartographic curiosity. defunct Los Angeles County Medical it is rendered as “Walhalla,” and as Its primary margins are 36”05’ and ” ” ” Association. the language of the Dutch is West 36 20’, and 112 15’ and 112 30’. It Dr. and Mrs. Patrick Mauer, German, the obscure name becomes shows a small amount of territory ” ” Pasadena, California for editorial less opaque. Matthes was apparently east of 112 15’ and west of 112 30’. assistance, especially for the tedious task unaware of the older name https:// The Shinumo Quadrangle, with its of proofreading. www.merriam-webster.com/ equally idiosyncratic companions, the Daniel Mauer and Sandy Murphy, dictionary/Vualhalla. Stephen May 1906 Bright Angel and Sept. 1907 Boston, Massachusetts for their abilities J. Pyne’s Fire on the Rim (University Vishnu Quadrangles, were clearly in genealogical research and generosity of Washington Press, 1995: 295-296) designed to show the topography of in sharing it. provides a brief but interesting the Grand Canyon without peripheral Mary Williams and Karen Greig, description of the Walhalla Plateau. distractions. Topography of these Grand Canyon Historical Society for 24. For Bright Angel Canyon see Bright maps is by Richard T. Evans and their unfailing support and helpfulness. Angel Creek (Granger, 1983: 91). Francois E. Matthes. These maps are Last, but not least, my wife, Eileen K. Powell so named the stream because in the editor’s possession. O’Dwyer, Los Angeles, California for her of its contrast to the Dirty Devil in 31. Panther Spring is probably near interest in my projects and support. Utah. benchmark 6765 in the upper part of 25. Cape Royal was named by Dutton in South Canyon in the De Motte Park REFERENCES 1882 for its regal topographic features Quadrangle. This location is inferred Barnes, Will C., 1960, Arizona Place (Granger, 1983: 533). from Dock’s description and Neil M. Names, Revised and enlarged by Byrd 26. A Monocline is a fold consisting Judd’s discussion of archaeological H. Granger, University of Arizona Press, of two horizontal (or nearly so) sites in the Cocks Combs of the Tucson. beds connected by an inclined South Canyon area (Judd, 1926. Corle, Edwin, 1951, The Story of the limb. A non-technical article on 80-81). Additional support for this Grand Canyon, 2nd edition, Duell, Sloan the East Kaibab Monocline will inference was obtained by comparing & Pierce, New York. be found at https://www.knau. the De Motte Park and Nankoweap Crampton, C. Gregory (Ed.), 1975, org/post/land-lines-east-kaibab- Quadrangles with the route marked Sharlot Hall on the Arizona Strip, monocline. A clear photograph of on Dock’s 60x60 minute Echo Cliffs Northland Publishing Company, Flag- the East Kaibab Monocline may be Reconnaissance Sheet (Edition of staff, Arizona. found at https://www.pinterest. 1891, reprinted Sept. 1908). This The Dictionary of American Biogra- com/pin/157485318200364120/. map is in the editor’s possession. phy, 1935, XV: P252-254 (Charles Scrib- Unfortunately, Dock did not According to L. Greer Price, Panther ner’s Sons, New York). photograph this feature. Spring may have been either South Canyon Spring or Wildcat Spring continued on page 20

14 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org The BULLETIN

MAY 2020 GCHS EVENTS SPRING BOARD MEETING Saturday May 17, 2020 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m MARCH Flagstaff Public Library

OUTING: Black Mesa Mining – Environmental and Restora- JUNE tion Science in Arid Land Conditions OUTING: Grand Canyon Pioneer Cemetery: Grand Canyon’s Saturday March 21, 2020 10:00 a.m. Potter’s Field Vern Pfannenstiel spent a good part of his career working to restore Sunday June 7, 11:00 a.m. areas affected by mining on Black Mesa. Join him for a talk on Join Kern Nuttall for more of the history of this special place on how the two mines (Kayenta and Black Mesa Mines) started and the South Rim. The pioneer cemetery is the final resting place of the changing environmental and regulatory changes over time. many stellar Grand Canyon personages, but what about some of The mine and the power plant have had their share of contro- the not so famous people? The Indigent Section of the South Rim versy over the years because of varying opinions and issues. Many Cemetery lies to the far left when entering the grounds through favored and embraced the mining and chances for jobs and the Cemetery gate. Indigent seems likely to have been code for revenues, while others thought it was wrong and not in keeping “Native American.” The first known burials were Havasupai, with traditional Native American values. The talk will cover some though a number of Europeans have been added over the years, aspects of the mining operation, but will focus on environmental and few refer to it as the Indigent Section anymore. Among the and reclamation science in arid land conditions. lives we will discuss will be those of Elmer Watahomigie, Fred Where: Flagstaff Pioneer Museum, Gregg Cabin, 2340 N. Fort Harvey employee Fred Witteborg, and veteran Marvin “Gus” Gus- Valley Rd. tafson. Come and listen to Grand Canyon history through the lens This talk is sponsored by the Grand Canyon Historical Society, but of the local graveyard. is open to the public. Limited to 25 people. Where: Meet at the cemetery gates, immediately west of the RSVP to Slim Woodruff at [email protected] Shrine of the Ages. RSVP by May 30th (limit 20 people) to Slim Woodruff at outings@ APRIL grandcanyonhistory.org Fifth Grand Canyon Hiker’s & Backpacker’s Symposium Saturday April 4, 2020 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. NAU Cline Li- JULY brary, Flagstaff MIDYEAR BOARD MEETING AND ANNUAL PICNIC Come share hiking, climbing and backpacking exploits and explora- Saturday July 11, 2020 tions in Grand Canyon National Park, from Lee’s Ferry to the Board Meeting 8:00 a.m., South Rim Community Building Grand Wash Cliffs Picnic, Noon to 4:00 p.m., Shoshone Point A more detailed announcement is in a separate Bulletin article below. OCTOBER Updates at: http://gchba.org COLORADO RIVER BASIN HISTORY SYMPOSIUM OUTING: Tour of Historic Boat Collection October 14-17, 2020 Kanab, Utah Saturday April 18, 2020 9:30 a.m. See article in this issue for details. Join river historian Tom Martin for a tour of the historic boat collec- tion. Revel in tales of whitewater daring-do and adventure. The FALL BOARD MEETING tour should end by 11:30 a.m. Sunday October 18, 2020 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m Where: Meet at the west parking lot behind the IMAX Theater in Dave Mortenson’s House, Kanab, UT Tusayan, 450 State Route 64, at 9:30 a.m. to view the Whitehall boat on display, after which we will carpool to the Museum Collection Building at South Rim to tour the historic boat col- GCHS NEWS lection. RSVP by April 10th to Haley Johnson at outings@grandcanyon- Election Results & 2020 Board history.org. Limited to 25 people. GCHS members elected five new/continuing board members to serve a 3-year term (2020-2022). They are: Brian Blue (2nd term), Mari Carlos, Helen Ranney, John Reid, and Slim Woodruff www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 15 (2nd term). Congratulations and thank you to all who ran. before the national election! Outgoing board members are: Doug Rickard and Frank Ro- Remember to renew your GCHS membership at just $25 to maglia. Thank you both for your significant contributions! be eligible for early registration. Jill Staurowsky is stepping down from the Board before her Colorado River Basin map: term’s end with Dick Brown agreeing to serve out Jill’s term. The http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/image/colorado_river_ Board agreed unanimously to appoint Dick as he was ranked basin_lg.jpg number 6 in the membership voting. At the January 12, 2020, Annual Board Meeting in Flagstaff, ********** the 2020 Board was approved. 2020 Board Officers & Committee Chairs are: Grand Canyon Hiking Symposium 2020 President - Dave Mortenson Fifteen Grand Canyon Adventure Stories — Vice President – Dick Brown Brought to You by the Grand Canyon Hikers and Secretary - Jack Pennington Backpackers Association Treasurer - Brian Blue The Grand Canyon Hikers and Backpackers Association Membership - Karen Greig invites you to join us at the Fifth Grand Canyon Hikers Sympo- Research Grants Scholarship – Margaret Hangan sium. The hiking symposium is open to the public free of charge, Hall of Fame Award – Al Richmond though donations are welcome. Pioneer Award – Haley Johnson & Wayne Ranney The symposium allows us to share stories of hiking, climbing Oral History Project – David Schaller & Tom Martin and backpacking exploits and explorations in the Grand Canyon. Outings – Haley Johnson & Slim Woodruff Presentation topics will include day hiking, climbing or overnight backpacking, on named trails, historical trails, and off-trail canyon A full list of New and Continuing board members is: Brian routes. Some may recount the history of hiking and climbing in Blue (2nd term), Dick Brown (2nd term), Mari Carlos, Nikki Cooley, Grand Canyon. Margaret Hangan, Jill Hough, Haley Johnson, Kristen Luetke- When/Where: Saturday April 4, 2020, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at meier, Dave Mortenson (2nd term), Jack Pennington (2nd term), NAU Cline Library, 1001 Knolls Drive, Flagstaff, AZ. Helen Ranney, John Reid, David Schaller, Rich Turner, and Slim The event will be followed by a no-host happy hour on a Woodruff (2nd term). private patio at the nearby 1899 Bar and Grill. Please request tickets through Eventbrite so that we can ********** anticipate total attendance. To register for this FREE EVENT, Save the dates and make your plans! please visit our Eventbrite page at “Before Powell to Now” – 2020 Views of the Past https://tinyurl.com/gchba2020. October 14-17, 2020 Thank you. We look forward to sharing information about the Grand Canyon with you in April! The Colorado River Basin history symposium is being held in -- Chris Forsyth, GCHBA Kanab, Utah at the new Kanab Center on October 14-17, 2020. Your Grand Canyon Historical Society, along with partner- ********** ing organizations and universities, will be hosting presentations on exploration, development, settlement, native peoples, land, Research Grant Application Announcement water and other resource management, recreation, conflicts, WHAT: The Grand Canyon Historical Society will be awarding and individuals. This spectacular river system with its many a $1,500 grant for support of research involving history, historic world-renowned natural features originates in or flows through or environmental preservation in the Grand Canyon region Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, California, and which includes, but is not limited to, both the north and south Arizona. rim and areas adjacent to the Grand Canyon National Park. The symposium format will be similar to the 2019 Grand Can- WHO: Any independent researcher, student enrolled at an yon History Symposium, with early check-in and an evening re- Arizona university or college, any NPS, USFS, USGS, BLM, state ception on Wednesday October 14th, followed by three days and agency professional, or historian working in the above fields of evenings of amazing presentations. There will also be tours and research is eligible to apply. activities earlier in the week. These dates are during that sweet ELIGIBLE PROJECTS: Any work that results in original high desert time between summer and winter that we love. research concerning historical individuals, events, sites, organiza- Early registration will be offered to members of the Grand tions, businesses or environmental issues in the Grand Canyon Canyon Historical Society beginning June 1st. Because of the region. larger seating capacity, members will be able to register up to Any efforts that result in original research that supports four people. This will be a great opportunity to bring family and or leads to historical preservation of any historical site, photo- friends to enjoy learning more about the amazing Colorado graphs, documents, or diaries with origins in the Grand Canyon River Basin. The registration fee will be only $75 per person. As a region. bonus, this will be an election-campaign-free-zone three weeks

16 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org REQUIREMENTS: In order for your project to be considered Colorado River. complete, one or more of the following end products must be Nominations for the Pioneer Award are now being accepted included: through March 1, 2020. The individual so honored will have • Submission of a paper suitable for publication to the Society made a significant and lasting contribution to the understand- not later than 3 February 2021. ing of, and knowledge about, the Grand Canyon of the Colorado • Presentation of a paper at a legitimate conference with a River, in the areas of expertise that include but are not limited to: copy of the paper to the Society. The copy must be presented Grand Canyon region history, administration in the National Park, to the Society not later than 3 February 2021 with presentation geology, archaeology, photography, writing, hiking, and river scheduled at the earliest possible meeting of the conference. running. • A thesis or dissertation of which component parts resulted Nomination materials should include the nominee’s name, from the research with copy of the included work presented to current address, date of birth, pertinent publication listing, ap- the Society not later than 3 February 2021. proximate years associated with Grand Canyon, and supporting • Historical preservation of photographs, documents or materials, no longer than about 500 words. diaries requires at least delivery of a photocopy of the items in To submit a nomination, please write to Wayne Ranney question to the Society not later than 3 February 2021. Preserva- (Chairperson of the Pioneer Award) at wayneranney17@gmail. tion of actual items is preferred. com. Please also copy your nominating materials to Pioneer • Site research requires a completed nomination or submis- Award Board liaison Haley Johnson at [email protected], sion of material to the Society not later than 3 February 2021 for and GCHS President Dave Mortenson at president@grandcan- inclusion in a nomination of the site to the National Register of yonhistory.com. Historic Places. Thank you in advance for your nomination! Papers and/or items submitted as a result of research will Wayne Ranney become a part of the Grand Canyon Historical Society Collec- Pioneer Award Chairperson tion in the Special Collections and Archives of Northern Arizona University’s Cline Library for use by anyone doing research in ********** those subjects involving the Grand Canyon region. The author will receive full credit for any material used in publication. October Outing Report TO APPLY: Submit a ONE-PAGE letter application to the On October 26, 2019, Mary Colter (AKA Ranger Marie Malo) address below that includes a short biography with your name, graced us with a special tour of her Watchtower at Desert View. address, phone number; if applicable, undergraduate and/or After pointing out some of the specially carved rocks that she graduate degree(s), and current degree program, department chose for the exterior, we were shown around the Kiva Room. and advisor; or, for agency or non-agency applicants, the name The ceiling consists of old beams from the Grandview Hotel of your agency, department or office, and applicable professional (wrested away from Ran- background. Also, describe in a short paragraph the project to dolph Hearst) because which the grant would be applied and include a proposed bud- green wood would dry get of how you will utilize the $1500 award. and split. There are also WHEN: Applications must be received not later than 30 no nails in the roof con- March 2020. The $1500 award will be made by the Society in struction, and the ceiling early May, 2020. is blackened, because in WHERE: Submit application to: a real Kiva, there would Grand Canyon Historical Society Scholarship and Research have been a fire. Grant Upstairs, we were c/o Margaret Hangan given photographs of PO Box 1667 the original Native art Grand Canyon, AZ 86023 and asked to find their Or to: counterparts on the [email protected] walls. We were also told For information contact Margaret Hangan at Scholarships@ of the restoration work grandcanyonhistory.org done by the Park Service. Since the supporting ********** skeleton of the Watch- tower is steel, the steel Seeking Nominations for 2020 Pioneer Award expands and contracts, The Grand Canyon Historical Society presents the Pioneer which caused the walls Award (in most cases annually) to honor living individuals who to crack and the salt have made a significant and lasting contribution to the under- in the cement to leach onto the paintings. “Mary Colter” welcomes us to the standing of, and knowledge about, the Grand Canyon of the Watchtower www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 17 After many years of painstaking cleaning work, the paintings have been restored to their original brightness. The upper story, the Eagle’s Nest, was originally painted a lapis blue, but it has faded over time. We agreed with her that the Park Service should restore this color to the ceiling. We would like to thank Ranger Marie for giving us her time. I am pretty sure she has not often given a tour for a group whose members had such esoteric questions. By the way, the son of the original contractor, Hitchborn, remembers Mary Colter, and he is livid at any suggestion that she was not the architect of the Tower (see Fred Shaw’s False Architect). — Slim Woodruff

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December Outing Report – Grand Canyon NP Museum Collection

“Mary” showing us the Kiva Room Kim Besom graciously gave us a tour of the Park Museum Collection. The collection includes over 22,000 black and white photos that are made available to researchers. We were shown pottery and split twig figurines. The twig figures are quite a bit more varied than one would believe by looking at the jewelry sold in the bookstores. The pottery included items such as a possible sieve and bowls brilliantly painted on the inside. A large and heavy pot, also painted on the inside, was obtained by the museum after it was offered to an antiquities dealer; the dealer was suspicious and notified the Park. We

“Mary” explaining the Tiyo mural.

18 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org A large portion of Krueger’s book is her father “Bobby” Mckee’s delightful account of life at the North Rim during the summers from 1917 to 1926. Bobby’s parents and grandparents ran tourist camps, called the Wylie Way, and he spent his child- hood summers at the North Rim Wylie Way. McKee describes how he would lead the good-natured burro Brighty down to a spring where he would fill the barrels on the burro’s back, then lead him back to the camp, unload the water, then do it all again several times a day. He provides vivid descriptions of travel on the Arizona Strip before paved roads and bridges made the journey easy. And Krueger’s family photos of those times help Kim Besom shows Harvey Butchart’s pack and boots. the text come alive. saw a wooden ladle patched for reuse, wooden tongs, and yucca The Winter 2019 sandals. I had the thought that someone gathering wood for a issue of The Journal of fire could have accidently collected and burned the tongs, or the Arizona History: Grand fire starting stick, or any of a number of small wooden items. Canyon National Park From more modern times, we saw Powell’s watch, some of at 100, is now available the journals, and the only part of one of his boats extant. Appar- for purchase at the ently one of the boats from the second expedition was aban- Pioneer Museum in doned at Lee’s Ferry. When someone decided to clear a field by Flagstaff. It includes 10 burning the brush, one plank was snatched from the flames. articles in 674 pages Early explorers and climbers left messages buried in tin cans, and costs $15.00. For including Ken Patrick, who left a list of climbers who attempted more detail on the to scale one of the buttes. One of the caches had a deck of “girly” articles go to: https:// pictures, the originals of which are on display at the Visitor arizonahistoricalsoci- Center. ety.org/publications/. What started as an hour-and-a-half tour stretched to two- To order, call the and-a-half hours as the group peppered Kim with questions and Publications office at she led us deeper and deeper into the vaults. This seems to be a 520-617-1163 or email recurring theme with our outings: we do not let the presenter off [email protected]. easily. Thank you Kim! — Slim Woodruff **********

********** Annual Renewals Were Due 1/1/2020 Membership is on an annual calendar year basis with dues New Publications payable on the 1st of January. New members who joined after Bobby, Brighty, and the Wylie Way: A Collection of Stories, Letters, 7/1/19 are paid up through December 2020 and do not need to and Memoirs, Martha McKee Krueger, c.2019, Vishnu Temple renew until the end of this year. Press, 104 pages, $14.95. A 2nd renewal reminder was emailed on January 7, 2020 to Martha Krueger’s fa- those members who had not already renewed (only four mem- ther, Robert “Bobby” Wylie bers do not have email addresses and paper notices were mailed McKee, was the little boy to them). who befriended the burro If you haven’t already renewed, the easiest way to renew Brighty in the book by is via PayPal using the link at: www.grandcanyonhistory.org/ author Marguerite Henry, membership.html. You do not need to have a PayPal account though Henry’s book was to renew online, the PayPal link will let you renew using a credit a fictionalization of the card. Thanks! true story. Drawing from Send membership questions to: membership@grandcanyon- family letters, journals, and history.org photographs, Krueger’s book recounts the real-life stories of Bobby, Brighty, and life at a tourist camp The Bulletin welcomes comments, stories, reflections and when the North Rim was remembrances. Please send them to Karen Greig at an isolated place. [email protected]. www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Grand Canyon Historical Society : 19 Grand Canyon Historical Society PRSRT STD PO Box 1667 U.S. POSTAGE Grand Canyon, AZ 86023-1667 PAID FLAGSTAFF, AZ PERMIT 333

Dock, n.d., Apologia pro vita mea, Lago, Don, 2010, “Tall Cliffs and Great Price, Book of Abraham Ch. 3, 34- n.d., ca. 1948. Typescript in the Dock Tall Tales”, The Ol’ Pioneer, v. 21, n. 3, 35, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Collection, Huntington Library, San Summer 2010, p. 5-12. Also published in Day Saints, Salt Lake City. Marino, California. A copy is in my pos- Canyon of Dreams, Don Lago, 2014, Uni- Watkins, T.H. (ed.), 1969, The Grand session. versity of Utah Press, p. 296-315. Colorado, the Story of a River and Its Easton, Robert and D. Macken- Lockwood, Frank, 1928, Arizona Canyons, American West Publishing Co., zie Brown, 1961, Lord of Beasts: The Characters, Times-Mirror Press, Los An- Palo Alto. Saga of Buffalo Jones. University of Ari- geles. Woods, G.K. (compiler), 1899, zona Press. Lockwood, Frank, 1942, More Ari- Personal Impressions of the Grand Federal Writers’ Project, 1941, Utah, a zona Characters, University of Arizona Cañon of the Colorado River Near Guide to the State, Hastings House, New General Bulletin No. 6, Tucson. Flagstaff, Arizona, The Whitaker and York. Lummis, Charles Fletcher, 1909, “Los Ray Company, San Francisco. Granger, Byrd H., 1983, Arizona’s Angeles and Her Makers: A Record,” Out Names: X (Marks the Place), The Falcon- West, XXX (April 1909). ONLINE REFERENCES er Publishing Company, Tucson. Malouf, Carling I. and John M. Find- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_ Ghiglieri, Michael P., 2003, First lay, 1986, “Euro-American Impact before Angeles_and_Salt_Lake_Railroad Through the Grand Canyon, Puma Press, 1870” in Handbook of North American www.toquerville.org/history Flagstaff. Indians, Vol. 11 Great Basin, p. 499-516. https://www.merriam-webster.com/ Judd, Neil M., 1926, “Archaeological Nation, Earl, 2003, Dr. George Dock dictionary/Vualhalla. Observations North of the Rio Colo- Goes West, Pasadena, privately printed. This is a description of “monocline.” rado”, Bureau of American Ethnology, Roberts, Lois J., 1986, 290, “Rancho https://www.knau.org/post/land- Bulletin 82 Washington. Jesus Maria, Santa Barbara County” in lines-east-kaibab-monocline. Kelly, Isabel T. and Catherine S. Southern California Quarterly, LXVIII, This is a photograph of the East Kaibab Fowler, 1978 - , “Southern Paiute” in the Historical Society of Southern California, Monocline. https://www.pinterest. Handbook of North American Indians, Los Angeles. NB there is at least one im- com/pin/157485318200364120/. Vol. 11 Great Basin, p. 368-397. portant error in this article: The Kaibab This is about, in part, Rust’s camp. Krutch, Joseph Wood, 1958, Grand Plateau is referred to as the Carlsbad https://www.nps.gov /grca/ Canyon, Today and All its Yesterdays, Plateau. planyourvisit/upload/Phantom- William Sloane Associates, New York. Smith, Joseph, 1965, The Pearl of walking.pdf.

20 : Grand Canyon Historical Society www.GrandCanyonHistory.org