Water Reuse & Desalination Research Conference

17TH ANNUAL WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE MAY 6–7, 2013 / PHOENIX, AZ / SHERATON PHOENIX DOWNTOWN HOTEL WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION

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2 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE MONDAY, MAY 6, 2013

7:45 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Registration Open ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 7:45 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. Continental Breakfast ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER Opening Session ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO 8:30 a.m. – 8:45 a.m. Opening Remarks—Richard Nagel, West Basin Municipal Water District, WateReuse Research Foundation Chair 8:45 a.m. – 9:15 a.m. Keynote Speaker—Grady Gammage, Attorney, former CAP Board Member, Author 9:15 a.m. – 9:35 a.m. Water Reuse Research in the EPA’s Office of Research and Development — Chris Impellitteri, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9:35 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Water Supply Diversification Research—Chris Rayburn, Water Research Foundation 10:00 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. Networking Break ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 10:00 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. Poster Presentations ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER WateReuse Research Foundation: Past, Present and Future ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: Joe Jacangelo, MWH 10:15 a.m. – 11:35 a.m. Looking Back and Leaning Forward—A History of WateReuse Research Leadership The Value of Research to a Utility Manager, Richard Nagel, West Basin Municipal Water District Talking About Water, Linda Macpherson, CH2M HILL Leading Edge Treatment Research, Jörg Drewes, Colorado School of Mines and Eric Dickenson, Southern Nevada Water Authority Fish, Frogs, and Human Health, Putting EDCs and PPCPs in Perspective, Shane Snyder, University of Arizona Defining the True Value of Water Reuse, Robert Raucher, Stratus Consulting Looking Ahead to New Research Challenges, Andrew Salveson, Carollo Engineers 11:35 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. Overview of the WateReuse Research Foundation Research Process Mark LeChevallier, American Water 12:00 p.m. – 1:15 p.m. Luncheon and Special Presentation: Honoring Our Donors ➔ ROOM: PARADISE VALLEY Concentrate Management Integrated Resource Planning & and Disposal Decentralized Systems ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Hector Gonzalez, El Paso Water Utilities Kevin Lansey, University of Arizona 1:15 p.m. – 1:40 p.m. Flow Cytometry—A Tool for A Decision Support System for Integrated Assessing Impacts on Microbial Water, Wastewater, and Reuse Infrastructure Ecology in Near-Field Areas of SWRO Gwendolyn Woods, University of Arizona Concentrate Discharge Riaan van der Merwe, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 1:40 p.m. – 2:05 p.m. Inland Brine Management: Getting An Optimization Model for Scaling of More Water and Land with EDR Distributed Potable Water Reuse Systems Erich Lais, City of Phoenix Based on Population and Geographic Water Services Department and Information Charlie He, Carollo Engineers Tianjiao Guo, University of Miami 2:05 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. Goodyear Concentrate Management Decentralized Water Reuse: Cost and Wetlands Pilot Study: Summary Resilience Benefits and Application Kevin Lansey, University of Arizona James Bays, CH2M HILL

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 3 2:30 p.m. – 2:55 p.m. Consideration for the Co-Siting of Distributed vs. Decentralized Water Supply Desalination Facilities with Municipal Systems: Infrastructure Costs and Industrial Facilities (WRF 06-010D) Kalyan Piratla, Clemson University Val Frenkel, ARCADIS 2:55 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. Networking Break ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 2:55 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. Poster Presentations ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER Reducing Energy Consumption Direct Potable Reuse in Desalination ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Tom ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: Richardson, RMC Water and Environment Phil Lauri, Mesa Water District 3:15 p.m. – 3:40 p.m. Reducing Desalination Energy The Development of Public Health Criteria Consumption Using Nanocomposite for Potable Reuse: Chemical Contaminants and Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis Rhodes Trussell, Trussell Technologies Arun Subramani, MWH 3:40 p.m. – 4:05 p.m. Recent Developments in Low-Energy The Development of Public Health Criteria Desalination Technologies: Forward for Potable Reuse: Microbial Contaminants Osmosis, Membrane Distillation, and Brian Pecson, Trussell Technologies Adsorption Desalination Gary Amy, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 4:05 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. An Innovative Method to Exploit Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Concentrate Stream of Desalination Units Potable Water Reuse Applications Saeid Aghahossein, New Mexico Eric Dickenson, Southern Nevada State University Water Authority 5:00 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. Welcome Reception ➔ ROOM: VALLEY OVERLOOK (4TH FLOOR)

MONDAY SESSION DESCRIPTIONS

WATEREUSE RESEARCH FOUNDATION: This special presentation reviews key research PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE successes from the WateReuse Research Foundation, ranging from NDMA, EDCs, PPCPs, Looking Back and Leaning Forward—A History of pathogens, advanced and low energy treatment WateReuse Research Leadership technologies, salinity management, public The Value of Research to a Utility Manager, perception, economics and marketing. An expert list Richard Nagel, West Basin Municipal Water District of leading researchers will present their work and Talking About Water, Linda Macpherson, CH2M HILL their perspective on what comes next. Leading Edge Treatment Research, Jörg Drewes, Colorado School of Mines and Eric Dickenson, Overview of the WateReuse Research Foundation Southern Nevada Water Authority Research Process Mark LeChevallier, American Water Fish, Frogs, and Human Health, Putting EDCs and PPCPs in Perspective, Shane Snyder, University This presentation will provide an update on the of Arizona research development process at the WateReuse Defining the True Value of Water Reuse, Research Foundation including changes to the Re- Robert Raucher, Stratus Consulting search Advisory Committee (RAC) and the Tailored Looking Ahead to New Research Challenges, Collaboration Program. Andrew Salveson, Carollo Engineers

4 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE CONCENTRATE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING & DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS Flow Cytometry—A Tool for Assessing Impacts on Microbial Ecology in Near-Field Areas of SWRO A Decision Support System for Integrated Water, Concentrate Discharge Wastewater, and Reuse Infrastructure Riaan van der Merwe, King Abdullah University of Gwendolyn Woods, University of Arizona Science and Technology A decision support system (DSS), modified from This research focuses on flow cytometric analysis of one developed by Malcolm Pirnie, supported by autofluorescent photo-pigments (e.g., chlorophylls, WateReuse, has been extended to facilitate plan- carotenoids and phycobiliproteins) with highly ning–level cost calculation for water, wastewater, fluorescent nucleic acid stains for fast determina- and reuse infrastructures, including decentralized tion of microbe abundance, diversity, and viability reclamation facilities (0.5-20 MGD capacity). Use of on single-cell level for assessing impacts on marine the DSS will be demonstrated and general applica- microbial ecology in a near-field area of SWRO con- bility to urban areas discussed. centrate discharge. An Optimization Model for Scaling of Distributed Inland Brine Management: Getting More Water and Potable Water Reuse Systems Based on Population Land with EDR and Geographic Information Erich Lais, City of Phoenix Water Services Department Tianjiao Guo, University of Miami and Charlie He, Carollo Engineers Results of a study to optimize the scale of potable Ozone, biologically activated filter (BAF), and ion water reuse systems without environmental buffer exchange pretreatment followed by EDR are dem- will be presented, in terms of the number of treatment onstrated at pilot scale for inland reclaimed water plants to be specified for a service area of differing RO concentrate management. Overall recovery is topographies, as a function of available real interest significantly improved from 85% up to 94.5% (with rate, population density, and expected design life. ozone and BAF) and 98.5% (with ion exchange). Decentralized Water Reuse: Goodyear Concentrate Management Wetlands Pilot Cost and Resilience Benefits Study: Summary and Application Kevin Lansey, University of Arizona James Bays, CH2M HILL Decentralized wastewater treatment tends to A two-year pilot study in Goodyear, AZ has con- reduce water reclamation systems operation costs firmed that organic subsurface flow wetlands treat compared to regional plants. When failures occur selenium, arsenic, chromium, and other metals, in a system, the ability to mitigate that event by and nitrate in RO concentrate to state standards. reducing its magnitude or duration is described as Preliminary concepts illustrate how wetland-treated resilience. Satellite systems also have higher resil- concentrate will be blended with reclaimed water to ience than centralized plants. create and restore arid riparian habitats. Distributed vs. Decentralized Water Supply Consideration for the Co-Siting of Desalination Systems: Infrastructure Costs Facilities with Municipal and Industrial Facilities Kalyan Piratla, Clemson University (WRF 06-010D) Val Frenkel, ARCADIS This presentation will present an investigation that analyzes life cycle costs for decentralized supply This presentation will provide WRF 06-010D project systems compared to distributed systems for a results on how to approach development of a desali- study area chosen in Charleston, SC. nation project as a standalone plant comparing to the collocated facility. It willguide through the process of estimating major key parameters, pros and cons of the collocated desalination facility, and estimates cost to develop it using a user-friendly calculation model.

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 5 REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION DIRECT POTABLE REUSE IN DESALINATION The Development of Public Health Criteria for Reducing Desalination Energy Consumption Using Potable Reuse: Chemical Contaminants Nanocomposite and Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis Rhodes Trussell, Trussell Technologies Arun Subramani, MWH Direct potable reuse (DPR) offers a new path to Costs associated with electricity are 30% of the total augment community water portfolios. One major cost of desalinated water while using reverse osmo- obstacle is the lack of criteria to determine if DPR sis (RO) membranes. In this presentation, we will projects are as protective of public health as indi- present results from a study using two promising rect potable reuse. This presentation will discuss energy reducing RO technologies: nanocomposite the chemical equivalency criteria developed for RO and closed circuit RO. WRRF 11-02 Equivalency of Advanced Treatment Trains for Potable Reuse on DPR. Recent Developments in Low-Energy Desalination Technologies: Forward Osmosis, Membrane The Development of Public Health Criteria for Distillation, and Adsorption Desalination Potable Reuse: Microbial Contaminants Gary Amy, King Abdullah University of Science Brian Pecson, Trussell Technologies and Technology As direct potable reuse (DPR) projects move to the This presentation will provide a comparative as- forefront, criteria need to be developed to demon- sessment of new emerging, low-energy seawater strate that DPR is equally protective of public health desalination technologies; forward osmosis, mem- as indirect potable reuse in terms of microbial brane distillation, and adsorption desalination; pathogen control. This presentation will discuss the compared against SWRO. microbial equivalency criteria developed for WRRF 11-02 Equivalency of Advanced Treatment Trains for An Innovative Method to Exploit Concentrate Potable Reuse on DPR. Stream of Desalination Units Saeid Aghahossein, New Mexico State University Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Potable Water Reuse Applications The most important barrier to deployment of desalina- Eric Dickenson, Southern Nevada Water Authority tions technologies are concentrate management and energy costs. Algae have been found to be capable of This presentation will discuss the occurrence, utilizing the nutrients and salts existing in concentrate formation, and treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl disposals. The cultivation of algae in liquid waste en- substances in potable water reuse applications. ables to combine the increase of removal efficiency of pollutants and the cultivation of the algal biomass for the biofuel feedstock production. On the other hand algae are perfect candidate for CO2 sequestration and greenhouse gas reduction due to capability of using

CO2 as their main carbon source.

6 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE TUESDAY, MAY 7, 2013

7:45 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Registration Open ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 7:45 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. Continental Breakfast ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER Future Directions and Opportunities Aquifer Storage and Recovery for Reuse ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Tim Thomure, HDR Engineering Guy Carpenter, Carollo Engineers 8:30 a.m. – 8:55 a.m. Seasonal Occurrence and Reduction of Evaluation of Water Reuse in the Fresh- Viruses and Protozoa at Two Wastewater Cut Food Processing Industry Reclamation Facilities in Southern Arizona Gurvinder Mundi, University of Guelph Brandon Iker, University of Arizona 8:55 a.m. – 9:20 a.m. SeqMAR—Tuning the Performance Brine Minimization and Water Reuse at of MAR Systems using Metagenomics for a California Semiconductor Fabrication Improved CEC Attenuation in Plant Potable Reuse Josh Miller, New Logic Research Jörg Drewes, Colorado School of Mines 9:20 a.m. – 9:45 a.m. Engineered Aquifer Recharge and Innovative Approaches for Reuse of Recovery Systems in Western Saudi Arabia Concentrate Brine in Textile Dyeing and Thomas Missimer, King Abdullah Pulp & Paper Zero Liquid discharge Plants University of Science and Technology Sajid Hussain Inayath, Tamilnadu Water Investment Co. Ltd. 9:45 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Networking Break ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 9:45 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Poster Presentations ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER Pathogens and Disinfection Industrial and Commercial Applications ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Mark LeChevallier, American Water Chris Impellitteri, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10:00 a.m. – 10:25 a.m. Unlocking the Potential for Low-CT Tertiary CII Water Use Patterns, Reliability Values, Disinfection: Providing Reliable Nitrification and Roles for Reuse to Ensure a Free-Chlorine Residual Robert Raucher, Stratus Consulting Gordon Williams, Trussell Technologies 10:25 a.m. – 10:50 a.m. Fate of EDC-Resistant Bacteria in Treated Expanding Industrial Uses for Recycled Wastewater Effluent Water: Risk Evaluation for Commercial Otakuye Conroy-Ben, University of Utah Car Washes and Laundries Damian Higham, Denver Water 10:50 a.m. – 11:15 a.m. Regrowth of Microorganisms in Produced Water Treatment and Reuse Reclaimed Water During Storage in Queensland, Australia and Distribution Ronald Cass, MWH Yiwen-Lin, Tsinghua University 11:15 a.m. – 11:40 a.m. UV Applications for Reuse and the Dynamic Vapor Re-compression New NWRI Guidelines: Challenges and Robert Thompson, SaltTech B.V. Lessons from the Xylem/Wedeco Duron UV Reactor Validation Jeff Bandy, Carollo Engineers

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 7 11:45 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. Luncheon and Presentation Shane Snyder, University of Arizona ➔ ROOM: PARADISE VALLEY Innovative Treatment Technologies Water Quality and Applications ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: Laura ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Kennedy, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Jörg Drewes, Colorado School of Mines 1:00 p.m. – 1:25 p.m. Applicability of Bulk Organic Parameters Polymer Assisted Forward Osmosis as Surrogates to Monitor the Removal of Kishore Rajagopalan, Illinois Sustainable TOrCs by GAC in Water Reuse Technology Center Tarun Anumol, University of Arizona 1:25 p.m. – 1:50 p.m. Treatment, Public Health, and Regulatory Urban Ambient Net-zero Water Treatment Issues Associated with Graywater Reuse and Mineralization: Laboratory, Modeling, Sybil Sharvelle, Colorado State University and Initial Field Data James Englehardt, University of Miami 1:50 p.m. – 2:15 p.m. Improving the Management of A Mechanistic Analysis of Scale Groundwater Replenishment— Formation and Prevention by Physical The Western Australian Experience Water Treatment Devices Rod Holme, Water Corporation Peter Fox, Arizona State University Western Australia 2:15 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. Networking Break ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER 2:15 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. Poster Presentations ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO FOYER RO and Other Advanced Tools for Energy Reduction Treatment Technologies ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO | Moderator: ➔ ROOM: DEER VALLEY | Moderator: Shane Trussell, Trussell Technologies Peter Fox, Arizona State University 2:30 p.m. – 2:55 p.m. Feasibility Study on Model Development Monitoring Challenges of Secondary to Estimate & Minimize Greenhouse Gas Treated Wastewater for MITC and NDMA Emissions & Carbon Footprint of Water through MF/RO/UV Process Reuse & Desalination Facilities Lee Yoo, Orange County Water District Qiong Zhang, University of South Florida and David Hokanson, Trussell Technologies 2:55 p.m. – 3:20 p.m. An Innovative, User Friendly Tool for Pretreatment and Biological Filtration Impli- Evaluating Energy Recovery Devices cations for Changes in Biofouling Potential (ERDs) for Desalination Plants of Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Jim Lozier, CH2M HILL Lauren Weinrich, American Water 3:20 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. Energy Consumption Modeling in Microbial Diversity in a Three Stage Seawater Desalination Reverse Osmosis System Silvana Ghiu, Separation Processes Jana Safarik, Orange County Water District 3:45 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Conference Summary and Closing Remarks—Wade Miller ➔ ROOM: ENCANTO

8 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE TUESDAY SESSION DESCRIPTIONS

AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR REUSE Seasonal Occurrence and Reduction of Viruses and Protozoa at Two Wastewater Reclamation Facilities Evaluation of Water Reuse in the Fresh-Cut Food in Southern Arizona Processing Industry Brandon Iker, University of Arizona Gurvinder Mundi, University of Guelph

Occurrence of 10 types of virus, Cryptosporidium, The presentation will outline the potential for water and Giardia in wastewater were quantitatively deter- reuse in the fresh-cut vegetable and fruit processing mined throughout a one-year period. Especially Aichi and packaging industry. Wash water will be defined. virus and Pepper Mild Mottle virus were constantly Dissolved air flotation and centrifuge technologies abundant in both influent and effluent wastewater, are identified to effectively remove solids. Cost-ben- strongly suggesting that they are novel, promising efit analysis will determine net feasibility for water viral indicators in wastewater reclamation systems. reuse implementation.

SeqMAR—Tuning the Performance of MAR Systems Brine Minimization and Water Reuse at a California using Metagenomics for Improved CEC Attenuation Semiconductor Fabrication Plant in Potable Reuse Josh Miller, New Logic Research Jörg Drewes, Colorado School of Mines This presentation will review a case study detailing the With the help of high-throughput sequencing brine minimization and water reuse efforts at a South- and metagenomics, this study reveals how the ern California semiconductor fabrication plant. Opera- microbial community characteristics including tional and equipment changes were made including quantity, composition, diversity, as well as functional the installation of a VSEP vibrating membrane system. genes in a novel modified sequential managed aquifer recharge (SeqMAR) system can be tuned Innovative Approaches for Reuse of Concentrate to significantly enhance removal of chemicals of Brine in Textile Dyeing and Pulp & Paper Zero Liquid emerging concern (CECs). Discharge Plants Sajid Hussain Inayath, Tamilnadu Water Investment Engineered Aquifer Recharge and Recovery Systems Co. Ltd. in Western Saudi Arabia Thomas Missimer, King Abdullah University of This presentation will describe two unique case Science and Technology studies in developing and implementing Zero Liquid Discharge technologies for a cluster of Textile Dyeing Various natural geological environments have been units and Pulp & Paper mill in the State of Tamilnadu, investigated in western Saudi Arabia to determine the south of India. The Textile Dyeing ZLD facility reuses technical feasibility of developing aquifer recharge and over 98% of water and recovers over 90% of the recovery systems (ARR) using domestic wastewater salt as treated brine for reuse in dyeing operations, and/or stormwater. Depleted wadi aquifer systems and thereby reducing the need for thermal evaporation dune aquifers have been demonstrated to allow large- and associated problems. A second case study of ZLD scale development of ARR systems. pilot demonstration in Pulp & Paper is also presented with recovery of multiple by-products.

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 9 PATHOGENS AND DISINFECTION INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

Unlocking the Potential for Low-CT Tertiary CII Water Use Patterns, Reliability Values, and Disinfection: Providing Reliable Nitrification to Roles for Reuse Ensure a Free Chlorine Residual Robert Raucher, Stratus Consulting Gordon Williams, Trussell Technologies This presentation will describe a soon to be com- Free-chlorine can meet virus inactivation goals at pleted WateReuse Research Foundation project much lower CT values than chloramines, still some (WRF-09-04) that describes and estimates the levels regulations mandate the use of longer chloramine and patterns of water use in the Commercial, Indus- CTs. The key to unlocking lower free-chlorine CTs is trial, and Institutional (CII) sectors, and the value of reliable nitrification. This presentation will review water supply reliability to key components of the new guidelines for achieving reliable nitrification in CII sector. These insights can be applied by water the context of free-chlorine tertiary disinfection. agencies to better assess CII water needs, and also assess the economic value of providing water reuse Fate of EDC-Resistant Bacteria in Treated (or desal) as drought-resistant, reliability-enhancing Wastewater Effluent water supply options for CII customers. Otakuye Conroy-Ben, University of Utah Expanding Industrial Uses for Recycled Water: Risk The presentation will demonstrate that emerg- Evaluation for Commercial Car Washes and Laundries ing contaminants are substrates of chemical efflux Damian Higham, Denver Water proteins in drug-resistant bacteria. As estrogens (for example) enter the bacterium, they are exported, Authorizing new uses for recycled water depends limiting their contact time with oxidizing enzymes. on the ability to demonstrate to regulatory agencies This may be one reason why they survive wastewa- that the intended uses are safe for the environment ter treatment and are persistent in the environment. and humans with specific recycled water quality requirements and best management practices. This Regrowth of Microorganisms in Reclaimed Water presentation will provide insight to a risk evalua- During Storage and Distribution tion on converting car washes and laundries from Yiwen-Lin, Tsinghua University potable water to recycled water.

This presentation will review a study of the quality Produced Water Treatment and Reuse in of reclaimed water in treated effluent, after storage, Queensland, Australia and at two points in the distribution system of two Ronald Cass, MWH plants in Beijing, China. The analysis focused on the regrowth of microorganisms in reclaimed water Queensland’s Bowen and Surat Basins are expected during storage and distribution. to provide a major supply of natural gas to Aus- tralia’s eastern states and to produce natural gas UV Applications for Reuse and the New NWRI for liquification and export to customers through- Guidelines: Challenges and Lessons from the out Asia Pacific. Coal Seam Gas (CSG) is a natural Xylem/Wedeco Duron UV Reactor Validation gas occurring in underground coal seams, and is Jeff Bandy, Carollo Engineers usually most productive between 200 and 1,000 This presentation will describe the challenges meters below the surface. It is held in the fractures involved with the full-scale bioassay validation testing of underground coal seams by water and ground of the Duron open-channel LPHO UV system and pressure, and released by drilling into the coal seam insights into testing, reporting, and sizing of similar and reducing the pressure by pumping out some of systems. A detailed discussion of how the 2012 NWRI the water. This presentation is intended to provide Guidelines for UV treatment of reuse water will be an overview of the coal gas industry with specific included. respect to treatment and reuse alternatives high- lighting the Queensland Australia experience.

10 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE Dynamic Vapor Re-compression ment via potable reuse. The groundwater replenish- Robert Thompson, SaltTech B.V. ment trial has been opened up for extensive community engagement but has also importantly enabled a DVR is a newly introduced volume desalination sys- number of innovations in managing water quality. tem in the category of heated vapor desalination tech- niques. DVR is the first system designed for highly saline water (up to and including over 200,000 ppm) INNOVATIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES that does not scale or require chemicals, requires min- AND APPLICATIONS imal attention 24/7 (highly automated), and is flexible Polymer Assisted Forward Osmosis enough to be in fixed or mobile in its presentation. Kishore Rajagopalan, Illinois Sustainable Technology Center WATER QUALITY Draw solution regeneration remains a challenge in Applicability of Bulk Organic Parameters as Forward Osmosis. We present here an alternative Surrogates to Monitor the Removal of TOrCs by process for accomplishing draw solution GAC in Water Reuse regeneration of an inorganic draw solution using Tarun Anumol, University of Arizona thermo-reversible polymers.

This presentation looks at bulk organic parameters Urban Ambient Net-zero Water Treatment (BOP)-TOrC relationships with GAC treatment. and Mineralization: Laboratory, Modeling, and We found fluorescence and UV to be the best Initial Field Data surrogates for looking at TOrC attenuation. Individual James Englehardt, University of Miami contaminant removals can be correlated to specific regions of the UV and fluorescence spectrum for Initial data will be presented on a net-zero water different GACs and EBCTs across water qualities. treatment process designed to denitrify, and mineralize COD to below detection, at ambient Treatment, Public Health, and Regulatory Issues temperature, pressure, and pH. The recently- Associated with Graywater Reuse constructed system converts wastewater from Sybil Sharvelle, Colorado State University toilets, sinks, showers, laundry, and dishwasher at a University of Miami residence hall to potable With recent water shortages and increasing demand mineral water. on urban water resources, many states have consid- ered allowing graywater reuse to conserve water. A Mechanistic Analysis of Scale Formation and However, there is a lack of guidance on develop- Prevention by Physical Water Treatment Devices ment of graywater regulations. This presentation Peter Fox, Arizona State University will summarize the Graywater Tool (developed from WRRF-10-02) which links state regulations to gray- This presentation will provide an overview water systems allowable under the regulation. of physical water treatment devices for scale prevention. The mechanisms whereby these devices Improving the Management of Groundwater alter the interactions between ions and thereby alter Replenishment—The Western Australian Experience scale formation will be discussed. The potential Rod Holme, Water Corporation Western Australia for the use of ion selective electrodes to rapidly evaluate the efficacy physical water treatment Perth, Australia, is the world’s most isolated city with devices will also be presented. a population above 1 million. Over the past 30 years rainfall and runoff have dropped to unprecedented levels, and Perth will be using 100% climate independent supplies by 2022 to ensure water security. These climate independent supplies will be a mix of seawater desalination and groundwater replenish-

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 11 TOOLS FOR ENERGY REDUCTION RO AND OTHER ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Feasibility Study on Model Development to Estimate & Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions Monitoring Challenges of Secondary Treated & Carbon Footprint of Water Reuse & Wastewater for MITC and NDMA through MF/RO/ Desalination Facilities UV Process Qiong Zhang, University of South Florida and Lee Yoo, Orange County Water District David Hokanson, Trussell Technologies Orange County Water District has developed an isoto- This presentation, based on a project funded by pic dilution technique coupled with SPE method to de- WateReuse Research Foundation (WateReuse-10-12) termine trace level of MITC and NDMA in the second- has critically interpreted existing literature. The ary treated wastewater. MITC is often misidentified as reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are cat- NDMA, which has posed significant monitoring and egorized with respect to location, capacity, technol- treatment challenges to the water reuse process. ogy and energy mix, and accessible emission mod- els were recommended to assist utilities employing Pretreatment and Biological Filtration Implications water reuse and desalination in estimating GHG for Changes in Biofouling Potential of Seawater emissions and carbon footprint. Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Lauren Weinrich, American Water An Innovative, User Friendly Tool for Evaluating Energy Recovery Devices (ERDs) for Biological fouling of RO membranes is a major chal- Desalination Plants lenge. A novel seawater assimilable organic carbon Jim Lozier, CH2M HILL (AOC) assay is presented for determining biofouling potential. Pretreatment, via oxidation and chemical Through the WateReuse Research Foundation spon- addition is reported to affect the concentration and sored project 08-14, an innovative and user-friendly biodegradability of organic carbon. Organic carbon tool has been developed to quickly and easily evalu- is reported from a survey of antiscalants and inter- ate the applicability and cost of different ERDs for national seawater. both brackish and seawater desalination systems. This presentation describes the tool, its features, Microbial Diversity in a Three Stage Reverse and provides three case studies to illustrate its Osmosis System value to the desalination community. Jana Safarik, Orange County Water District

Energy Consumption Modeling in This presentation reports on the recovery of bacteria Seawater Desalination colonizing RO membranes from each stage of a 3 Silvana Ghiu, Separation Processes stage RO system disinfected using combined chlorine (chloramines). Twenty-four different organisms The presentation of energy consumption in SWRO representing 18 different genera have been identi- often suffers from a lack of local data and standard- fied. Bacterial populations differ between RO stages. ization in the calculation methodology, format and transparency. This presentation will describe an energy consumption model together with the guidance and tools needed to understand and communicate the energy consumption associated with SWRO process.

12 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE POSTER PRESENTATIONS Does Increasing Solids Retention Time in the These compounds have been found to be harmful in Wastewater Treatment Process Affect the small quantities and are difficult to remove by other Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes? physical and chemical processes, such as activated Stefan Walston, University of Arizona carbon. The present system provides an environmental friendly means for extracting these compounds This poster examines the relationships between solid from surface waters, as well as potential cost-effective retention time, breakdown of emerging contaminants, recovery of the antibiotics for reuse. and antibiotic-resistance reduction during the wastewater treatment process. Five clinically relevant Monitoring DEET in Water: Potential Interference antibiotic classes and their resistance genes are from Solvents During LC-MS/MS Analysis evaluated in the primary influent, the secondary basin, Sylvain Merel, University of Arizona and the secondary clarifier. Numerous studies report the occurrence of DEET Engineering Molecular Efflux Pumps for in the environment. However, most of them also Bioremediation of Surface Waters report the occurrence of DEET in blanks. This Vikram Kapoor, University of Cincinnati poster focuses on the identification of a potential interference from solvents used during sample In this poster, we are engineering a solar powered ma- preparation and analysis. terial made from bacterial parts, including the multi- drug efflux pump ‘AcrB’, to capture emerging contaminants such as hormones and antibiotics from water.

Scottsdale Water Campus

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 13 Monitoring Water Quality and Security in the Presence and Survival of Legionella in Drinking Distribution System Water Distribution Systems Samendra Sherchan, University of Arizona Otto Schwake, Arizona State University

The poster presentation will cover the following: Bacteria of the Legionella genus are ubiquitous in I) major issues related to online sensors in wa- man-made water systems and a major cause of ter distribution system. II) Potential for real-time drinking water-borne disease. To elucidate knowl- monitoring of microorganisms using commercially edge gaps existing for the ecology of this pathogen, available water quality sensors including: HACH a series of experiments are demonstrated to assess Guardian Blue Monitoring Platform; GE TOC Ana- the survival and presence of Legionella in drinking lyzer; JMAR BioSentry; Instant BioScan unit and the water distribution systems. SCAN spectrolyser technology.

Performance of Membrane Based Systems such as EDR in Selective Removal of Species at Various Operating Condition Leila Karimi, New Mexico State University

Electrodialysis Reversal (ED) is a membrane based separation process in which the partial separation of ions in water solution occurs due to applied electrical field. The objective of this study is to verify the effect of operating condition on selective removal of ions in order to control the cost of pilot-scale EDR process.

“I look forward to the Foundation’s Research Conference every year. There is no better place to find out about the latest water reuse and desalination research, network with industry leaders, and learn from the best experts in the world.” —Raymond Tremblay, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

14 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SPECIAL PRESENTATION— LUNCHEON ON MONDAY, MAY 6, 2013 Honoring WateReuse Research Foundation Donors

This year’s Monday Luncheon will feature a salute to WateReuse Research Foundation donors providing unprecedented philanthropic support to the organization and its mission during 2012 and early 2013. Hosted by WateReuse Research Foundation Chair Richard Nagel, General Manager of West Basin Municipal Water District, a parade of donors and award presentations will take place on-stage.

DISTINGUISHED LEADERSHIP AWARD—PLEDGE OF $500,000

To help the WateReuse Research Foundation transform organizationally, to grow and meet the needs of a future of greater water reuse.

The following donors have given to WateReuse Research Foundation in support of the California Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) Initiative:

PLATINUM CIRCLE OF LEADERSHIP—PLEDGES OF $250,000

GOLD CIRCLE OF LEADERSHIP—PLEDGES OF $100,000+

($150,000) ($150,000) ($150,000)

Dublin San Ramon Services South Orange County West Basin Municipal Water District District ($150,000) Water Agencies ($104,000) Santa Clara Valley Water District Water Replenishment District of Orange County Water District Eastern Municipal Water District Southern California ($110,000)

SILVER CIRCLE OF LEADERSHIP—PLEDGES OF $50,000

Orange County Sanitation District City of Santa Rosa Utilities Department Sonoma County Water Agency Western Municipal Water District Upper San Gabriel Valley Three Valleys Municipal Water District Irvine Ranch Water District Municipal Water District

BRONZE CIRCLE OF LEADERSHIP—PLEDGES OF $25,000

Elsinore Valley Municipal Water District Trussell Technologies

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 15 PLATINUM CONFERENCE SPONSORS

ARCADIS CH2M HILL Doug Owen, Executive VP and Chief Technical Officer Larry Schimmoller, Water Reuse Global 44 S. Broadway Technology Leader White Plains, NY 10601 9193 S. Jamaica Street (914) 641-2700 Englewood, CO 80112 www.arcadis-us.com (720) 286-5345 www.ch2m.com ARCADIS provides consultancy, design, engineering and management services to enhance As a global leader in full-service engineering, the sustainable development and use of water procurement, construction, and operations, CH2M resources. With 21,000 employees worldwide HILL provides water, wastewater and water resource and more than a century of proven experience, services to clients worldwide. With $7 billion in ARCADIS is committed to seeking innovative revenue and approximately 28,000 employees solutions for developing new water sources that worldwide, CH2M HILL helps clients develop and balance the built and natural environment. manage infrastructure and facilities that improve efficiency, safety, and quality of life. The firm was Black & Veatch named Water Company of the Year at the 2012 Global Alan Rimer, Director of Water Reuse Water Awards. For more information, visit: www. 11000 Regency Parkway, Suite 410 ch2mhill.com and www.ch2mhillblogs.com/water Cary, NC 27518 (919) 462-7506 HDR Engineering, Inc. www.bv.com Roy Martinez, V.P. Water Market Sector Director 1670 Broadway, Suite 3400 Black & Veatch is an employee-owned, global Denver, CO 80202 leader in building Critical Human Infrastructure™ (303) 318-6348 in Energy, Water, Telecommunications and www.hdrinc.com Government Services. Since 1915, we have helped our clients improve the lives of people in more than Founded in 1917, HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR) is a 100 countries through consulting, engineering, corporation and consulting firm providing services in construction, operations and program management. planning, design, funding, permitting, construction, Through its water reclamation/reuse practice, Black start up, and optimization of water, recycled water, & Veatch’s sustainable solutions are extending the wastewater, and industrial waste facilities. More than life of local water resources. 7,800 professionals in more than 185 locations worldwide pool their strengths to provide solutions to city, special district, private, and industrial sector clients.

16 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE MWH United Water Joe Jacangelo, Research Director Bertrand Camus, Chief Executive Officer 40814 Stoneburner Mill Lane 200 Old Hook Road Lovettsville, VA 20180 Harrington Park, NJ 07640 (540) 822-5873 (201) 767-9300 www.mwhglobal.com www.unitedwater.com

MWH, globally driving the wet infrastructure sec- United Water is one of the nation’s leading environ- tor, leads the world in results-oriented manage- mental companies, providing water and wastewater ment, technical engineering, and construction services to approximately 5.5 million people in the services to create a better world. MWH employs United States. In addition to owning and operating 16 research to provide innovative and sustainable water and wastewater utilities, United Water operates solutions to global environmental issues that 90 municipal and industrial water and wastewater sys- focus on performing bench-, pilot-and demon- tems through innovative public-private partnerships stration-scale projects that support cost-effective and contract agreements. Founded in 1869, United solutions for our clients. Water is a subsidiary of SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT.

Trojan Technologies Adam D. Festger, Market Manager, Drinking Water/ Environmental Containment Treatment 3020 Gore Road London, Ontario N5V 4T7 Canada (579) 457-3400 www.trojanuv.com

TrojanUV provides the solutions that bring water confidence to your community. Trojan’s team designs, manufactures and sells UV systems for municipal wastewater and drinking water facilities, as well as for the industrial, commercial and residential mar- kets. TrojanUV systems effectively and cost-efficiently free water from illness-causing bacteria, viruses and chemical containments.

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 17 GOLD CONFERENCE SPONSORS

Carollo Engineers Hazen and Sawyer Guy Carpenter, Vice President Ben Stanford, Corporate Water Reuse Practice Lead 4600 E. Washington Street, Suite 500 4011 Westchase Blvd., Suite 500 Phoenix, AZ 85034 Raleigh, NC 27607 (602) 263-9500 (919) 863-1027 www.carollo.com www.hazenandsawyer.com

For more than 75 years, Carollo Engineers has been For decades, Hazen and Sawyer has pioneered water advancing technology, practicing environmental reclamation and reuse to the benefit of our clients, stewardship, and “Working Wonders With Water®,” public health, and the environment. Our approach is As a leader in the science, policy, and implementa- to find innovative, cost-effective solutions that har- tion of water recycling and reuse, Carollo is commit- ness the value of reclaimed water through programs ted to our single focus—working to help solve our such as wastewater-to-energy, indirect potable reuse, clients’ toughest water and wastewater challenges. and sustainable nutrient management.

CDM Smith Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Don Vandertulip, Principal Craig Lichty, Vice President 1777 NE Loop 410, Suite 500 303 Second Street, Suite 300 South San Antonio, TX 78217 San Francisco, CA 94107 (210) 253-2870 (707) 526-1064 www.cdmsmith.com www.kennedyjenks.com

Founded in 1947, CDM Smith is an employee Kennedy/Jenks Consultants is a leader and innova- owned, global full-service consulting, engineering, tor in water reuse and desalination in California, and construction, and operations firm helping clients has implemented many award-winning programs meet environmental and infrastructure project over our 90-year history. We take pride in providing needs. With a staff of nearly 6,000 in more than 150 clients responsive service from 24 offices located offices worldwide, CDM Smith maintains the size, throughout the United States. Our team offers a stability, and resources required to undertake a full-range of applied research, planning, program diverse range of projects successfully. development, design, customer outreach and retrofit services, and construction management. Greeley and Hansen Fernando Sarmiento, Office Director Southwest Group 2800 N. 44th Street, Suite 650 Phoenix, AZ 85008 (602) 275-5595 www.greeley-hansen.com

Greeley and Hansen is a leader in developing innovative engineering solutions for a wide array of water, wastewater, and infrastructure challenges to create better urban environments. From 17 locations nationwide, the firm provides services for all project phases ranging from master planning and feasibility studies through design, construction, and start-up.

18 WATER REUSE & DESALINATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SILVER CONFERENCE SPONSORS Alan Plummer Associates, Inc. ConocoPhillips Canada (CPC) SRP Ellen McDonald, Principal, Reuse is one of the country’s largest John Felty, Manager Water Practice Leader oil and natural gas production Relations 1320 S. University Drive, Suite 300 and exploration companies. PO Box 52025 Fort Worth, TX 76107 Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Phoenix, AZ 85072 (817) 807-1600 we are a top producer of natural (602) 236-8147 www.apaienv.com gas in the country, with a world- www.srpnet.com class portfolio including assets Since our first reuse project went in western Canada, the Arctic For over 100 years, SRP has on line in 1983, Alan Plummer and oil sands interests near Fort provided both water and power to Associates, Inc. (APAI) has McMurray, Alberta. the Phoenix area. SRP manages assisted public utilities in the nearly 1 million acre-feet of water planning, design, construction and Katz & Associates annually through a system of implementation of water reuse Patricia Tennyson, Executive Vice reservoirs, canals, wells, and systems. Through our nationally President underground storage facilities, and recognized projects, APAI has 4250 Executive Square, #670 delivers power to over two million demonstrated the scientific and San Diego, CA 92037 people in central Arizona. engineering expertise for the safe (858) 926-4002 implementation of reclaimed water www.katzandassociates.com Wilson Engineers for direct non-potable as well as Steve Todd, Principal indirect potable and non-potable Katz & Associates, Inc. is a full- 9633 S. 48th Street, #290 projects. service communication firm Phoenix, AZ 85044 specializing in public outreach (480) 893-8860 Brown and Caldwell programs for water issues and www.wilson-engineers.com Ronald Ablin, Vice President projects. Katz & Associates offers 201 E. Washington Street, a diverse team of communication Wilson Engineers is an Arizona Suite 500 professionals with expertise in based Engineering Firm that Phoenix, AZ 85004 community relations, consensus specializes in the planning, design, (602) 567-4000 building, media relations, public construction management, and www.brownandcaldwell.com participation, facilitation, public operations of municipal water, awareness programs and project wastewater and reclaimed water Established in 1947, Brown and positioning. facilities. With a staff of over 50 Caldwell is a nationally recognized, dedicated water and wastewater full service engineering, design RMC Water and Environment professionals, Wilson Engineers and construction firm with an Tom Richardson, Principal in uniquely positioned to support outstanding record for delivering 2290 North First Street, Suite 212 Arizona utilities meeting their success to a wide range of clients. San Jose, CA 95131 customer’s requirements. We help municipal utilities solve (408) 240-8160 complex engineering problems to www.rmcwater.com improve public sanitation, provide safe drinking water, reclaim With eight offices throughout water, protect the environment, California, RMC Water and and develop new and expanded Environment specializes in water facilities. recycling projects, including indirect potable reuse. We are ConocoPhillips experts in user and demand Greta Zornes, Water Technology studies, master planning, Lead-Oil Sands customer retrofit, alternative PO Box 130, Station “M” treatment evaluations, blending Calgary, AB T2T 1S3 and exchange options, alternative Canada supply and use studies, and (403) 532-3894 recycled water facilities planning www.cop.com and design.

WWW.WATEREUSE.ORG/FOUNDATION 19 1199 North Fairfax Street, Suite 410 Alexandria, VA 22314

UPCOMING EVENTS 28th Annual WateReuse Symposium Denver Marriott City Center Denver, CO September 15–18, 2013

Direct Potable Reuse Specialty Conference Newport Beach Marriott Hotel & Spa Newport Beach, CA November 7–8, 2013

Industrial Reuse Specialty Conference The Westin Long Beach Long Beach, CA December 9–10, 2013

2014 WateReuse California Annual Conference Newport Beach Marriott Hotel & Spa Newport Beach, CA March 16–18, 2014

29th Annual WateReuse Symposium The Fairmont Dallas Dallas, TX September 7–10, 2014