DOCSLIB.ORG

Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2008 Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation Pawinee Petchsawang University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons Recommended Citation Petchsawang, Pawinee, "Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/587 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Pawinee Petchsawang entitled "Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Business Administration. Dennis Duchon, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Donde Plowman, Randal Pierce, Daniel Flint Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Pawinee Petchsawang entitled “Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Business Administration. Dennis Duchon, Major Professor __________________________ We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Donde Plowman _____________________________ Randal Pierce _____________________________ Daniel Flint _____________________________ Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School ___________________________ (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Workplace Spirituality and Buddhist Meditation A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Pawinee Petchsawang December 2008 ii Copyright @ 2008 by Pawinee Petchsawang All rights reserved. iii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Likit Petsawang and Upasri Petsawang, who always believed in me and encouraged me to fulfill my goal. Their strong spirits helped me get through the difficulties of completing my doctoral degree. iv Acknowledgement This dissertation could not have been completed successfully without the significant contributions of my committee members: Dr. Dennis Duchon, Dr. Donde Plowman, Dr. Randall Pierce, and Dr. Daniel Flint. I especially thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Dennis Duchon, who thankfully not only provided me with hope to graduate but also made it happen through his considerable effort, time, and patience. I would like to thank University of The Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC), Bangkok, Thailand, who financially supported my study at the University of Tennessee. My co-workers and faculty members of School of Business of UTCC also encouraged and supported me to earn my doctoral degree. I would like to thank S&P Company leaders who generously allowed me to use S&P as a case study for this dissertation. I thank all S&P employees in the Human Resource Department and those who participated in my data collection. Additionally, I thank Dr. J. Robert Ouimet who provided me $2,000 for my 1st place MSR (Management, Spirituality, and Religion) Dissertation Award that financially supported this study. Last but not least, I am grateful to my nuclear family, Likit Petsawang, Upasri Petsawang, Ussanee Petsawang Thienwan, Kiatnarong Thienwan, and Pudit Thienwan, as well as the Planet J group, for providing me with an important foundation that cultivated me to be someone who could overcome all obstacles and ultimately succeed in my education. Indeed, my family gave me significant ideas and helped me solve the problems that I encountered in every step of my dissertation. I thank my friends in Thailand and here (Knoxville) for all of their support and help. I especially thank my two close friends, Kristie Abston and Jim Ford, who mentally and academically v supported me through the processes leading to my graduation. Thank you for your spirits. vi Abstract Spirituality has received increased attention in the management field over the past few decades. However, there has been little empirical work supporting the benefits of bringing spirituality to the workplace. This dissertation aims to examine the effectiveness of an intervention (the Buddhist Mind Development Program (BMDP)) that is designed specifically to promote spiritual well-being in an Eastern context. First, workplace spirituality was defined to be grounded in the literature. Second, a workplace spirituality measurement was developed relying on conventional psychometric approaches. Third, a quasi experimental study—a pretest and a posttest with nonequivalent comparison groups design—was employed. The data were collected at a large Thai company (S&P) who employs the BMDP for the purpose of enhancing spirituality in the workplace. The sample consisted of 60 S&P employees: 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Subjects in the experimental group attended the BMDP, and the control group consisted of people who never attended the BMDP but worked in the same unit and had jobs similar to the experimental group subjects. The participants in the experimental group completed spirituality assessments before the BMDP, one week after the BMDP, and one month after the program. The participants in the control group also completed spirituality assessments at the same times as the experimental group (before and one month after the BMDP). Supervisors completed performance evaluations one month following the employees’ attendance at the BMDP. While the findings did not reveal an effect for the spiritual intervention (BMDP), workplace spirituality was positively and significantly associated with work vii performance. Indeed, this dissertation filled a gap in the literature by providing an empirical link between spirituality and work performance. Additionally, the findings revealed that meditation practice was the mechanism that explained the positive relationship between spirituality and work performance. The findings suggest that to promote positive work performance, organizations should encourage employees to continuously practice meditation and create spirituality in terms of compassion, mindfulness, meaningful work, and transcendence. Future research is needed to determine whether the different contexts, in terms of different samples and across the times, yield similar results. viii Table of Contents Chapter Page Chapter I ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter II ............................................................................................................................ 6 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 Workplace Spirituality .................................................................................................. 8 Spirituality Does Not Mean Religion ........................................................................... 13 Components of Workplace Spirituality ........................................................................ 14 Buddhist Meditation .................................................................................................... 19 Buddhist Meditation and Workplace Spirituality ........................................................ 23 Spirituality and Work Performance ............................................................................. 26 Research Design ............................................................................................................... 32 Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................. 33 Research Design ........................................................................................................... 33 Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 34 Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 35 Measurements ............................................................................................................... 36 Workplace Spirituality Measurement ...................................................................... 36 Work performance ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exploring the Spillover Effect of Spirituality and Workplace Deviant Behaviour
    International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 9 December, 2014 Exploring the Spillover Effect of Spirituality and Workplace Deviant Behaviour Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim1*, Ahmad Shazeer Mohamed Thaheer1, Alwi Shabudin1, Abdul Rahman Abdul Wahab1 and Noor Azmi Hashim2 1Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, SHAH ALAM, Malaysia 2School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract This current study, which is framed within the context of the spillover theory, examined workplace deviant behaviour, as response to individual daily spirituality experience. More specifically, this study examined the relationship between spirituality and workplace deviant behaviour. Data was collected from 165 adults, employed in a diverse set of occupations in three manufacturing companies producing similar product category. Their participation was on voluntary basis. Data analyses revealed two forms of workplace deviant behaviour (WDB), namely, Organizational WDB and Interpersonal WDB. Results of regression analyses demonstrated negative and significant relationship between spirituality, Organizational WDB and Interpersonal WDB. Keywords: workplace deviant behaviour, organizational WDB, interpersonal WDB, spirituality. Introduction Workplace provides an opportunity for employees to demonstrate their capabilities and to socialize. The various forms of behaviour demonstrated by employees do have direct effect on other individuals, their organizations, and the society. The forms of behaviour could be either in the form of positive or negative behaviour. The positive behaviour such as altruism, helpful, and high performance are considered socially desirable. Behaviours such as withholding efforts, forfeiting, abusing sick day privileges, stealing, and violence at workplace is a form of negative behaviours which has always being viewed as improper or outside the normal values of acceptability.
    [Show full text]
  • Chan Handbook
    The CHAN HANDBOOK Talks about Meditation by Venerable Master Hua English translation & Published by the Buddhist Text Translation Society The Chan Handbook Published and Translated by: The Buddhist Text Translation Society 4951 Bodhi Way, Ukiah, CA 95482 © 2004 Buddhist Text Translation Society Dharma Realm Buddhist Association Dharma Realm Buddhist University Printed in Malaysia Dharma Realm Buddhist Association branch addresses are listed at the back of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hsuan Hua, 1918-The Chan handbook: talks about meditation /by Venerable Master Hsuan Hua. p.cm. ISBN 0-88139-951-5 (hard : alk. paper) 1. Meditation-Zen Buddhism. I. Title: Talks about meditation. II. Title. BQ9288.H76 2005 294.3'4435--dc22 2004010894 Contents Preface Put everything down. Let no thought arise. xi Biography of Master Hsuan Hua . xix 1. Why Investigate Chan? When thoughts cease, confusion ends.. .2 Freedom over birth and death is freedom to come and go..4 The great functioning of the entire substance is clearly understood. .6 By investigating Chan and sitting in meditation, we can gain enlightenment. .7 We want to learn how not to be attached to self and others. .8 Meditation and samadhi are vital to our Dharma-body. .9 Sitting long brings Chan, which cleanses and purifies the mind. .11 2. What is Chan? Concentrating on a focal point is the key to success in everything.. 16 Twirling a flower, the Buddha revealed the mind-to-mind seal. 18 Only quiet contemplation can initiate Chan. 19 Thought cultivation eliminates false thinking. 21 Silencing the mind reveals our wisdom.
    [Show full text]
  • DHYANA VAHINI Stream of Meditation
    DHYANA VAHINI Stream of Meditation SATHYA SAI BABA Contents Dhyana Vahini 5 Publisher’s Note 6 PREFACE 7 Chapter I. The Power of Meditation 10 Binding actions and liberating actions 10 Taming the mind and the intelligence 11 One-pointedness and concentration 11 The value of chanting the divine name and meditation 12 The method of meditation 12 Chapter II. Chanting God’s Name and Meditation 14 Gauge meditation by its inner impact 14 The three paths of meditation 15 The need for bodily and mental training 15 Everyone has the right to spiritual success 16 Chapter III. The Goal of Meditation 18 Control the temper of the mind 18 Concentration and one-pointedness are the keys 18 Yearn for the right thing! 18 Reaching the goal through meditation 19 Gain inward vision 20 Chapter IV. Promote the Welfare of All Beings 21 Eschew the tenfold “sins” 21 Be unaffected by illusion 21 First, good qualities; later, the absence of qualities 21 The placid, calm, unruffled character wins out 22 Meditation is the basis of spiritual experience 23 Chapter V. Cultivate the Blissful Atmic Experience 24 The primary qualifications 24 Lead a dharmic life 24 The eight gates 25 Wish versus will 25 Take it step by step 25 No past or future 26 Clean and feed the mind 26 Chapter VI. Meditation Reveals the Eternal and the Non-Eternal 27 The Lord’s grace is needed to cross the sea 27 Why worry over short-lived attachments? 27 We are actors in the Lord’s play 29 Chapter VII.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiritually-Based Organization: a Theoretical Review and Its Potential Role in the Third Millennium
    The Spiritually-Based Organization: A Theoretical Review and its Potential Role in the Third Millennium A Organização Baseada na Espiritualidade: Uma Revisão Teórica e seu Potencial Papel no Terceiro Milênio Anselmo Ferreira Vasconcelos1 Abstract This paper examines whether the spiritually-based organization (SBO) can be regarded as an imperative for the third millennium. As a result, it draws on the literature review of organizational spirituality, psychology of religion, positive psychology, and spirituality leadership theory in order to support its conclusions, as well as it offers some research propositions. Overall, the evidence gathered throughout this paper suggests that the spiritual paradigm starts to play a key role alongside with the concept of SBOs. Rather, it concludes that these topics can be regarded as authentic imperatives for this millennium. Nonetheless, it argues that is likely to take some time until the spirituality topic may mold, so to speak, organizations’ character regarding that spiritual theme is starting to become a noteworthy topic. Furthermore, it argues that the logic that has prevailed on business enterprises has been largely economic, except some honorable initiatives. The findings also indicate that the material paradigm is not suited to deal with germane problems that shape our today’s world. Finally, it suggests that the concept of SBO embraces positive changes and, as such, it may be potentially conducive to improving people lives and the planet’s health and equilibrium. Keywords: Spirituality. Profit. Corporate social responsibility. Stakeholders. Religion. Leadership. Capitalist system. Resumo Esse artigo examina se a organização baseada na espiritualidade (OBE) pode ser considerada um imperativo para o terceiro milênio.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Linkages Among Transformational Leadership, Workplace Spirituality and Well-Being in Health Care Workers Margaret C
    This article was downloaded by: [Saint Mary's University] On: 29 January 2012, At: 10:12 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmsr20 Exploring linkages among transformational leadership, workplace spirituality and well-being in health care workers Margaret C. McKee a , Cathy Driscoll a , E. Kevin Kelloway a & Elizabeth Kelley b a Department of Management, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada b Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Available online: 15 Aug 2011 To cite this article: Margaret C. McKee, Cathy Driscoll, E. Kevin Kelloway & Elizabeth Kelley (2011): Exploring linkages among transformational leadership, workplace spirituality and well-being in health care workers, Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8:3, 233-255 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2011.599147 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Meditation: Prayer Is Very Different from Eastern Meditation Practices
    Don't let the word "meditation" fool you. Mental Christian Meditation: prayer is very different from Eastern meditation practices. A Beginner's Guide to Non-Christian meditation practices aim at emptying the mind. Catholic Mental Prayer Christian meditation engages the mind in prayer. Source: http://www.beginningcatholic.com/how-to-pray.html Catholic meditation seeks use the faculties of the Christian meditation "engages thought, mind to know the Lord, understand his love for imagination, emotion, and desire" in prayer. us, and to move into deep union with him. Use of (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2708) the mind "is necessary in order to deepen our convictions of faith, prompt the conversion of our It is also known as mental prayer. heart, and strengthen our will to follow Christ." (Catechism, 2708) This article is a detailed, "how to" guide to Christian meditation. You can develop a strong Put simply, our goal is to to answer the basic prayer life! human question: "Lord, what do you want me to do?" (Catechism, 2706) Christian meditation is Christian meditation must immerse us in the essential Trinity: we surrender ourselves to the Holy Spirit, the master of prayer, so that he can unite us to Every Christian needs to practice mental prayer. Christ and perfect our prayer to the Father. Every day. "Because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of Your faith cannot live without prayer, the "vital his Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!'" and personal relationship with the living and true God." (Catechism, 2744 & 2558) (Gal 4:6) Recall the basic truths about prayer from this (If you want to know more about the differences between non- Christian and Christian meditation, the Vatican's Congregation for site's how to pray article: the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) wrote a paper on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Guided Meditation Music Meditation Relaxation Exercise Techniques
    Guided Meditation UCLA Mindful Awareness Research Center For an introduction to mindfulness meditation that you can practice on your own, turn on your speakers and click on the "Play" button http://marc.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=22 Fragrant Heart - Heart Centred Meditation New audio meditations by Elisabeth Blaikie http://www.fragrantheart.com/cms/free-audio-meditations The CHOPRA CENTER Every one of these guided meditations, each with a unique theme. Meditations below range from five minutes to one hour. http://www.chopra.com/ccl/guided-meditations HEALTH ROOM 12 Of the best free guided meditation sites - Listening to just one free guided meditation track a day could take your health to the next level. http://herohealthroom.com/2014/12/08/free-guided-meditation-resources/ Music Meditation Relaxing Music for Stress Relief. Meditation Music for Yoga, Healing Music for Massage, Soothing Spa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqecsHPqX6Y 3 Hour Reiki Healing Music: Meditation Music, Calming Music, Soothing Music, Relaxing Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_XvqwnGDko RADIO SRI CHINMOY Over 5000 recordings of music performances, meditation exercises, spiritual poetry, stories and plays – free to listen to and download. http://www.radiosrichinmoy.org/ 8Tracks radio Free music streaming for any time, place, or mood. Tagged with chill, relax, and yoga http://8tracks.com/explore/meditation Relaxation Exercise Techniques 5 Relaxation Techniques to Relax Your Mind in Minutes! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjh3pEnLIXQ Breathing & Relaxation Techniques https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDfw-KirgzQ .
    [Show full text]
  • Mystical Experiences, Neuroscience, and the Nature of Real…
    MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES, NEUROSCIENCE, AND THE NATURE OF REALITY Jonathan Scott Miller A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2007 Committee: Marvin Belzer, Advisor Kenneth I. Pargament Graduate Faculty Representative Michael Bradie Sara Worley ii © 2007 Jonathan Miller All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Marvin Belzer, Advisor Research by neuroscientists has begun to clarify some of the types of brain activity associated with mystical experiences. Neuroscientists disagree about the implications of their research for mystics’ beliefs about the nature of reality, however. Persinger, Alper, and other scientific materialists believe that their research effectively disproves mystics’ interpretations of their experiences, while Newberg, Hood, and others believe that scientific models of mystical experiences leave room for God or some other transcendent reality. I argue that Persinger and Alper are correct in dismissing mystics’ interpretations of their experiences, but that they are incorrect in asserting mystical experiences are pathological or otherwise undesirable. iv To Betty, who knows from experience. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks are due to all the members of my committee, for their extreme patience, both when I was floundering about in search of a topic, and when my work had slowed to a trickle after an unexpected and prolonged illness. I feel especially fortunate at having been able to assemble a committee in which each of the members was truly indispensable. Thanks to Ken Pargament for his world-class expertise in the psychology of religion, to Mike Bradie and Sara Worley for their help with countless philosophical and stylistic issues, and to Marv Belzer, for inspiring the project in the first place, and for guiding me through the intellectual wilderness which I had recklessly entered! vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Yoga Pre-Vedic Period
    A Brief History of Yoga Pre-Vedic period (before 3000bc, aprox)—archeologists discovered statues and paintings of figures representing what we see as Shiva, in various meditation and asana poses. Yoga is ageless-time eternal holds secrets we are tapping into with our breath, body and passion. Vedic Period (around 2000bc)—The development of Yoga begins here. The Aryans, a group of Indo-European travelers, settle in the heart of the Indus River Valley region mixing with the local inhabitants. Both groups share their culture and religion; beliefs in the power of Nature hold their imaginations and hearts and the beginnings of the practice of Yoga and Hinduism begin. (The term Hindu is actually taken from others’ accounts of the Indus River Valley people, calling them first Indus, later to be called Hindu, so Hinduism is actually the practices of the Vedas rather than a specific religion.) Even in the earliest hymns and prayers it is evident that the people believed in one Divine Being, and that “Truth is One.” The Sages, much like the prophets in the Middle East, heard divine teachings and illuminations directly from God on the Nature and Way of being. These are the Vedas, first heard in deep meditation and passed on to students (shruti text- -that which is heard.) The Vedas were the description of direct experience of God and the many ways to form a relationship through prayer, ritual, song, etc. Over time, these lessons were forgotten and students began writing them down as they were heard. From these sessions came the Vedanta, lit.
    [Show full text]
  • Mindfulness / Meditation Apps
    MINDFULNESS / MEDITATION APPS APP NAME LOGO COST AVAILABILITY DETAILS The Mindfulness App Free iPhone/Android 5 day guided meditation practice; meditation reminders; personalized meditation offers; timers; Health App integration capability Headspace 1st 10 exercises free; iPhone/Android Take 10-first 10 exercises to help you better optional packages for understand the practice; personalized progress page; fee reward system for continued practice; buddy system Calm Free iPhone/Android Guided meditations from 3-25 minutes long; Daily Calm-a 10 minute program to be practiced daily; 20 sleep stories; unguided meditations MINDBODY Free iPhone/Android Ability to book fitness classes; providers fitness trackers; access to discounts on fitness classes buddhify $4.99-iPhone iPhone/Android Access to over 11 hours of custom meditations; $2.99-Android exercises target specific aspects of life; exercises range from 5-30 minutes Insight Timer Free iPhone/Android Features over 4,500 guided meditations from over 1,000 meditation practitioners; features over 750 meditation music tracks Smiling Mind Free iPhone/Android Created for adults and children > 7 years old; sections for educators available for use in classroom settings Meditation Timer $0.99 iPhone Basic meditation exercises; ability to customize start/stop chimes and background noise Sattva Free iPhone Daily pre-loaded meditations, chants, timers, mood trackers; ability to monitor heart rate; reward system; explains why meditation is beneficial Stop, Breathe & Think Free iPhone/Android Over 55
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Workplace Spirituality Towards Counterproductive Behavior in Automobile Manufacturing Sector with Reference to Tamilnadu District
    International Journal of Academic Research and Development International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 2; Issue 6; November 2017; Page No. 375-379 Effects of workplace spirituality towards counterproductive behavior in automobile manufacturing sector with reference to Tamilnadu district 1 Vishnu Prasanna J, 2 Dr. Madhavaiah C 1 Part Time Research Scholar, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Assistant Professor, Pondicherry University, Karaikal Campus, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract In this modern world economy has been advanced with the technology and with the human power. In this fastest world of technology organization facing more complexities, changes in the structure and cut throat competition to manage such problems workplace spirituality enable hearts of employees souls and spirit so that the employees in the organization will possess their innovative ideas and compassionate their work for organization. This study examines with the impact of workplace spirituality towards counterproductive behavior in automobile manufacturing sector with special reference with Tamilnadu district. Many studies focus on the effectiveness of workplace spirituality in different sector and issues and impact are not being much researched in automobile sector and some sectorial gap and issues impacted them highly. Workplace spirituality and counterproductive behavior questionnaires were used. A total of 300 employees were used as sample and chi square analysis has been used in this study. Keywords: workplace spirituality, Counterproductive behavior, technology 1. Introduction excellent port logistics and most efficient in the world. During In India automobile industry has achieved the growth rate of 2015 -2016 Chennai alone exports 1, 46, 000 vehicles in car 38% in last two decades and also it provides the employment segment to export more than 103 countries in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Schroeder Johannes Dissertation Publication
    LEADING EVANGELICAL SEMINARIES IN GERMAN-SPEAKING EUROPE: A TRANSCENDENTAL PHENOMENOLOGY by Johannes Schröder Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University 2016 2 LEADING EVANGELICAL SEMINARIES IN GERMAN-SPEAKING EUROPE: A TRANSCENDENTAL PHENOMENOLOGY by Johannes Schröder A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 2016 APPROVED BY: Fred Milacci, D.Ed., Committee Chair Vernon M. Whaley, Ph.D., Committee Member Bernhard, Ott, Ph.D., Committee Member Scott Watson, Ph.D., Associate Dean, Advanced Programs 3 ABSTRACT This transcendental phenomenology describes the essential experiences of lead administrators of evangelical seminaries in German-speaking Europe. Changes on a global scale in the educational sector are influencing the seminaries, and lead to processes of organizational academization and leadership professionalization. These developments have a profound influence on the role of the leadership of these seminaries. Each of the six lead administrators was interviewed three times to gather in-depth, thick, and rich descriptions of their lived experience with the phenomenon. For triangulation, observations, analyses of documents, and audio and visual data, as well as research memos and journals were included. The theoretical frameworks of spiritual leadership, servant leadership, and workplace spirituality guided the investigative process. Four textures emerged that describe what the lead administrators experience in their role: (a) leading spiritually; (b) leading collaboratively; (c) leading professionally; and (d) leading academically. Further- more, four structures describe how the participants experience the phenomenon of seminary leadership: (a) experiencing leadership as a responsibility; (b) experiencing the negative dimen- sions of leadership; (c) experiencing the positive dimensions of leadership; and (d) experiencing leadership as a spiritual calling.
    [Show full text]