Current Herpetology 23 (2): 63-71, December 2004 (c) 2004 by The Herpetological Society of Japan

A New Species of Cnemaspis (Sauna: ) from Southern Thailand

INDRANEIL DAS1* AND TZI-MING LEONG2

1 I nstitute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA 2 Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research , National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge, SINGAPORE 119260

Abstract: A new species of Cnemaspis is described from Phuket Island, southern Thailand. The new species can be distinguished from congeners from Southeast by the following combination of characters: SVL to 29.1mm, two semi-circular supranasals separated by a single scale; three postnasals bordering nasal; four scale rows separate orbit from supralabials; posteriorly, each postmental bounded by three smooth, rounded, and juxtaposed scales; scattered spinose paravertebral rows of tubercles on dorsum; gular and pectoral scales unicarinate; abdominal scales not elongated, smooth; tail segmented, with enlarged flattened scales forming whorls, a single pair of spinose postcloa- cal spurs present; median subcaudals not enlarged, smooth; supralabials (to midorbit position) 6-7; infralabials 6-7; lamellae under toe IV 16-17; midven- trals 26-32; and adult males lack preanal and femoral pores.

Key words: Cnemaspis phuketensis; new species; systematics; Reptilia; Sauria; Phuket Island; Thailand

INTRODUCTION 1852) (type locality: "Kandian hills, Ceylon"= hills of Kandy [or Mahanuwara], Central Four species of the gekkonid lizard genus Province, Sri Lanka) and C. mysoriensis Cnemaspis Strauch: affinis (Stoliczka, 1870) (Jerdon, 1853) (type locality: "Bangalore" [in chanthaburiensis Bauer and Das,1998, kum- Karnataka State, southwestern India]), from poli Taylor, 1963, and siamensis (Smith, 1925), Thailand. The first species has also been are known from within the political limits of recorded from mainland India (Annandale, Thailand (Chan-Ard et al., 1999). Two other 1909; Abdulali, 1955; Thakur, 1998; Thomas species have been recorded from the country: and Easa, 1997), the Andaman and Nicobar Taylor (1963), in his review of the Thai Islands (Smith, 1935), Thailand (Taylor, 1963; herpetofauna, listed C. kandiana (Kelaart, Cox et al., 1998), Sumatra (De Rooij, 1915; Rosler, 1981) and the Mentawai Archipelago * Corresponding author . Tel: +60 82 671 000 X (Boulenger, 1885, 1890). Bauer (2002) reported 247; Fax: +60 82 671 000; E-mail addresses: that the Western Ghats populations belong to [email protected], indraneildas@hotmail. a species distinct from C. kandiana, and Das com, and [email protected] (in press and unpubl.) will show that the 64 Current Herpetol. 23 (2) 2004

Mentawai and Andaman and Nicobar species Comparative material examined is shown in are not conspecific with the Sri Lankan the Appendix. Additional sources of informa- species. Dring (1979), in his key to the genus tion on character states include: Smith (1935), for Southeast Asia included Taylor's mysorien- Nicholls (1949), Dring (1979), Das (1993), sis in the synonymy of kendallii. Manthey and Grossmann (1997), Das and Cnemaspis is a speciose genus of gekkonids, Bauer (1998), Bauer and Das (1998), and Das and a large number of species have been and Grismer (2003). Catalogue numbers of described in recent years from southern and specimens deposited in the Raffles Museum of southeastern Asia (compare Kluge, 1993, Biodiversity Research, National University of 2001; Bauer, 2003; to Wermuth, 1966). We Singapore, Singapore, are preceded by ZRC report here a new species of the genus from instead of USDZ as formerly proposed by Phuket Island, southern Thailand. This spe- Leviton et al. (1985). The other institutional cies has been earlier reported as C. kandiana abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985). by Cox et al. (1998) and Cnemaspis sp. in Cnemaspis phuketensis sp. nov. Grossmann and Tillack (2000). Fig. 1

Holotype MATERIALS AND METHODS ZRC 2.5212, Kathu Falls (07°55'N; 98°20'E), Specimens were hand-collected. The holo- Changwat Phuket, Thailand, adult male, T. type was photographed in life and fixed in for- -M . Leong, collector, 1 September 2002. malin, before storage in ethanol. The follow- ing measurements were taken ca. 18 months Paratypes after collection with a MitutoyoTMdial caliper ZRC 2.5214-18, paratopotypes, other data (to the nearest 0.1mm): snout-vent length as for holotype, except collected 2 September (SVL; from tip of snout to vent); tail length 2002; ZRC 2.5233, Manik Falls, Changwat (TL; from vent to tip of unregenerated tail); Phuket, Thailand, Tzi-Ming Leong, collector, tail width (TW; measured at base of tail); head 4 September 2002. length (HL; distance between posterior edge of last supralabial and snout-tip); head width Diagnosis (HW; measured at angle of jaws); head depth A small species of Cnemaspis (SVL to 29.1 (HD; maximum height of head, from occiput mm), distinguishable from conspecific species to throat); ear length (EL; greater ear length); in showing the following combination of char- forearm length (FA; distance between the acters: two semi-circular supranasals separated palm and elbow); eye diameter (ED; greatest by a single scale; three postnasals bordering diameter of orbit); eye to nostril distance (E- nasal; four scale rows separate orbit from N; distance between anteriormost point of supralabials; posteriorly, each postmental eyes and nostrils); eye to snout distance (E-S; bounded by three smooth, rounded and juxta- distance between anteriormost point of eyes posed scales; scattered spinose paravertebral and tip of snout); eye to ear distance (E-E; rows of tubercles on dorsum; gular and distance from anterior edge of ear opening to pectoral scales unicarinate; abdominal scales posterior corner of eyes); internarial distance not elongated, smooth; tail segmented, with (IN; distance between nares); and interorbital enlarged flattened scales forming whorls, a distance (IO; shortest distance between orbits). single pair of spinose postcloacal spurs present; Scale counts and external observations of median subcaudals not enlarged, smooth; morphology were made using an Olympus supralabials (to midorbit position) 6-7; infrala- SZX9 dissecting microscope. Notes on colour bials 6-7; lamellae under toe IV 16-17; in life are from colour swatches of F. B. Smith midventrals 26-32; and adult males lack (1975; 1981). preanal and femoral pores. DAS & LEONG-NEW LIZARD FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND 65

FIG. 1. The holotype of Cnemaspis phuketensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.5212) in life.

Description of holotype 1.3mm/rostral depth=0.5mm; width/depth A small species of Cnemaspis (snout-vent ratio 2.6); contacted posteriorly by two nostrils length 29.0mm); snout elongate, large (HL/ and two semi-circular supranasals that are SVL ratio 0.18), narrow (HW/SVL ratio 0.16), separated by a single scale; ventro-posteriorly, depressed (HD/HL ratio 0.66), distinct from rostral is in contact with supralabial I; nostrils neck; lores sloping and interorbital region oval, situated within nasals, and oriented later- flattened; snout long (E-S/HW ratio 0.87), ally; nasals reduced, in broad contact with longer than eye diameter (ED/E-S ratio 0.43); supralabial I; anterior nasal larger than poste- scales on snout and forehead warty, under rior nasal; three postnasals bound nasal; four magnification revealed as tubercles that are scale rows separate orbit from supralabials; raised towards posterior of each scale; scales mentals subtriangular, deeper than wide, paired on snout larger than those on occipital region; postmentals that are semicircular, smaller than eye large (ED/HL ratio 0.32); 'extra-brillar mental and separated by a single scale; poste- fringes' (of Underwood, 1954) indistinct; pupil riorly, each postmental is bounded by three round; elongated supraciliaries on top half of smooth, rounded and juxtaposed scales; tongue orbit; ear-opening deep, slit-like, its greatest narrowly elongate, with a weak median cleft. diameter vertically, fairly narrow (EL/E-S Body slender, elongate (A-G/SVL ratio 0.51); ratio 0.13); eye to ear distance greater than scale size does not decrease dorsally after diameter of eyes (E-E/ED ratio 1.59); no ridge thorax; ventrally, scales do not decrease in of tubercles along mandible or from posterior size from chin region to gular, pectoral and of orbit to postero-venter of tympanum, or abdominal regions; scales on dorsum at mid- from antero-dorsum of tympanum to nape; body unicarinate, smaller than those of ven- rostral completely divided by a simple rostral trum at same level; scales along vertebral groove which meets anterior of snout; rostral region not differentiable from adjacent scales; less than half as deep as wide (rostral width= scattered spinose tubercles on paravertebral 66 Current Herpetol. 23 (2) 2004 region not arranged in rows; pectoral and Scutellation. abdominal scales not elongate, smooth; spinous See Table 1. processes on lateral surface of body; scales on manus and pes smooth, rounded; scales on Colouration (in life) inner surface of forearm, distal aspect of upper Dorsum olive (# 30), with sinuous, dark arm, dorsal surface of thighs, tibia; upper arm grayish brown (# 20) markings on nape, axilla, and forearm unicarinate. torso and inguinal regions, labials dark-barred; Forelimbs moderately long, slender; hind- spinose tubercles on flanks chamois (# 123D); limbs relatively short; tibia short (TBL/SVL limbs and tail dark-banded; a dark grayish ratio 0.18); no shield-like subtibial scales; brown (# 20) canthal stripe, commencing from digits elongate, all bearing claws that are snout, traversing the orbit region and extend- slightly recurved; subdigital scansors entire, ing to axilla; throat and undersurface of tail unnotched; no fragmented basal lamellae, six with fine hair brown (# 119A) mottlings; rest enlarged scansors at base of digits, which are of venter unpatterned cream; iris buff yellow more than twice width of other scansors; (# 53); pupil black. lamellae under digit IV of pes 16 (including the enlarged basal ones); interdigital webbing Measurements (in mm). absent; relative length of digits (finger): 3>2> See Table 2. 4>5>1; (toe): 3>4>5>2>1. Original tail long, tip missing, preserved Sexual dimorphism portion of tail longer than snout-vent length ZRC 2.5212, 2.5214-17 are adult males (TL/SVL ratio 1.21); tail tip blunt, tail base (presence of hemipeneal swelling at tail base, swollen, segmented, with enlarged flattened with preanal depression; ZRC 2.5218 and scales with a median keel forming whorls, a 2.5233 are adult females (lack of hemipeneal single pair of spinose postcloacal spur present; swelling or preanal depression). Preanal and tail with a distinct pair of furrow laterally; femoral pores are absent in males. Females median subcaudals not enlarged, smooth; scales lack obvious endolymphatic sacs that are on postanal region and at proximal part of tail visible externally in many adult female . base and on rest of subcaudals smooth; hemi- peneal swelling at tail base, preanal depression Etymology present. Latin implying an inhabitant of Phuket Island, in southern Thailand.

TABLE 1. Squamation data of the holotype (ZRC 2.5212) and paratypes of Cnemaspis phuketensis sp. nov. See text for details. Abbreviations: +=present; -=absent; M=male; F=female; SL=supralabial; IL=infralabial; IO=interorbital; T4=lamellae under toe IV of pes; MV=midventral; PA=preanal depression DAS & LEONG-NEW LIZARD FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND 67

TABLE 2. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype (ZRC 2.5212) and paratypes of Cnemaspis phuketen- sis sp. nov. See text for details. Abbreviations: O=original tail; R=regenerated tail; SVL=snout-vent length; TL=tail length; FA=forearm length; TBL=tibia length; A-G=axilla to groin distance; HL=head length; HW=head width; HD=head depth; ED=eye diameter; E-E=eye to ear distance; E-S=eye to snout dis- tance; E-N=eye to nostril distance; IO=interorbital distance; EL=ear length; and IN=internarial distance.

Natural history notes Chanthaburi Province, Thailand: SVL to 41.0 The holotype was taken from a leaf of an mm; a ridge of tubercles border anterior herb, 5 cm above substrate; the paratypes from margin of ears and another from ear to nape; a either earth banks beside a small stream or series of white paravertebral markings between from tree trunks at chest level, during the day. nape and tail; and belly mottled light brown; Leong et al. (2003) recorded the following C. kumpoli (Taylor, 1963), distribution: Trang additional saurian species as sympatric: Draco in southern Thailand: SVL to 52.0mm; suprala- taenioptera Gunther, 1861 (at Kathu Falls), bials 11; posterior supralabials with longitudi- and Cyrtodactylus oldhami (Theobald,1876) nal keels; and three postcloacal spurs; and C. (at both Kathu and Manik Falls). siamensis (Smith, 1925), distribution, Thailand and northern Peninsular Malaysia: SVL to Comparisons 39.7 mm; forehead with keeled scales; suprala- The new species from Phuket, Thailand, is bials 9-11; infralabials 8-10; paravertebral compared with congeners from Thailand. Only tubercles in 12 or 14 rows; and ventrals and opposing suites of characters are listed. Cne- subcaudals tricarinate. maspis affinis (Stoliczka, 1870), distribution: The new Thai species is next compared with southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia: other south-east Asia congeners. C. argus SVL to 48.0mm; a dark marking at axilla; no Dring, 1979, distribution: Gunung Lawit in enlarged tubercles on tail; and dorsal surface northern Terengganu, Malay Peninsula: SVL with five transverse yellow bands; C. chan- to 65.3mm; fourth and fifth fingers subequal; thaburiensis Bauer & Das, 1998, distribution: supralabial VIII in midorbital position; and 68 Current Herpetol. 23 (2) 2004

yellow radiating lines from the orbits; C. Cnemaspis limi from Pulau Tioman, Pahang boulengerii Strauch, 1887, distribution: Con State, can be differentiated from the new Thai Son Island, Vietnam: SVL to 66.0mm; suprala- species in being significantly larger-SVL to bials 8-10; infralabials 7-8; a series of 6-7 88.2mm; supranasals in contact; supralabials shield-like subtibial scales; subcaudal scales 11-14; and scales on forearm smooth. The almost as wide as tail, and large black nuchal second Seribuat species, C. baueri, is from and shoulder spots; C. dringi Das & Bauer, Pulau Aur, Johor State, and differs from the 1998, distribution: Kapit District, central new species in being much larger, SVL to 64.9 Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo): SVL to mm; fourth toe longer than fifth; lamellae 45.5 mm; five postnasals; postcloacal spurs under toe IV 26-27; supralabials 11-13; scales absent; toe IV lamellae 20; flanks with distinct on forearm smooth; and caudal bands absent. white patches; and ventrals heavily pigmented; Affinities of the new Thai Cnemaspis remain C. flavolineata (Nichols, 1949), distribution, unknown, for lack of a phylogenetic hypothe- the northern Malay Peninsula: SVL to 46.7 ses for the genus. Several distinct and appar- mm; yellow line along back; paired, elongate ently unrelated species, once allocated to C. postmentals; and lamellae under toe IV 28; kandiana, are now known, the association with C. gordongekkoi Das, 1993, distribution, Lom- this Sri Lankan endemic is for sharing spinose bok Island, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia: SVL to flanks, comprising tuberculate scales, keeled 73.0mm; lamellae under toe IV 22-23; suprala- gular scales, and the presence of preanal and bials at midorbital position 9; infralabials 10; femoral scales. interorbitals 20, and throat scales smooth; C. kendallii (Gray, 1845), distribution: Borneo, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS the Riau Archipelago and peninsular Malaysia: SVL to 58.0mm; tubercles on dorsum keeled; The Raffles Museum of BiodiversityResearch postnasals six; postmentals bounded by 4-5 (through a Raffles Museum Fellowship to the scales posteriorly; two rows of tubercles run first author) and Institute of Biodiversity and posteriorly from orbit towards tympanum; and Environmental Conservation, UniversitiMalaysia median subcaudal scales raised; C. nigridia Sarawak supported manuscript preparation. (Smith, 1925), distribution, Bau and Gunung For permitting us to examine material under Gading, western Sarawak, East Malaysia their care, we thank Edwin Nicholas Arnold, (Borneo) as well as Natuna Island: SVL to and Colin John McCarthy (BMNH), Karla 69.8mm; supranasals in wide contact; post- Kishinami (BPBM); Alan Leviton, Jens Vin- mentals bounded by four scales posteriorly; dum, and the late Joseph Bruno Slowinski postnasals five; two rows of tubercles run (CAS), Harold Knight Voris, Robert Frederick posteriorly from orbit towards tympanum; and Inger, and Alan Resetar (FMNH), John Ever- tail without dark bands; and C. timoriensis ett Cadle, the late Ernest Edward Williams, (Dumeril & Bibron,1836), distribution, Timor, and Jose Paul Ovidio Rosado (MCZ), Roberto without specific information, and may be Poggi, and Giuliano Doria (MSNG), David either West Timor, Republic of Indonesia, or Auth, and Frederick Wayne King (UF), Kelvin the newly-independent nation of East Timor: Kok Peng Lim, Peter Kee Lin Ng, Heok Hui SVL to 35mm; dorsum with no enlarged Tan, and Chang Man Yang (ZRC); Ronald Ian tubercles; supralabials five; lamellae under toe Crombie, William Ronald Heyer; and George IV 12; and dorsal surface reddish-brown, with Robert Zug (USNM), Axel Groenveld, and a series of brown paravertebral spots. Leobertus van Tuijl (ZMA) and J. R. B. Two further species of the genus have been Alfred, and Shyamal Kumar Chanda (ZSI). recently described from the Seribuat Archipel- Finally, we are grateful to Aaron M. Bauer and ago, off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia two anonymous reviewers for reading the (Das and Grismer, 2003). One of these, manuscript. DAS & LEONG-NEW LIZARD FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND 69

LITERATURE CITED Bull. Zool. 46: 11-28. DAS, I. AND L. L. GRISMER.2003. Two new ABDULALI,H. 1955. Extension of range of the species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: lizard Cnemaspis kandiana (Kelaart). J. Bom- Gekkonidae) from the Seribuat Archipelago, bay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53: 134. Pahang and Johor States, West Malaysia. ANNANDALE,N. 1909. Report on a small collec- Herpetologica 59: 546-554. tion of lizards from Travancore. Rec. Indian DE ROOIJ, N. 1915. The of the Indo- Mus. 3: 253-257. Australian Archipelago. Vol. I. Lacertilia, Chelo- BAUER, A. M. 2002. Two new species of nia, Emydosauria. E. J. Brill, Leiden. Cnemaspis (Reptilia: : Gekkonidae) DRING,J. C. 1979. Amphibians and reptiles from from Gund, Uttara Kannada, India. Mitt. northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. 99: 155-167. of two new geckos: Cnemaspis & Cyrtodactylus. BAUER, A. M. AND I. DAS. 1998. A new Bull. British Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 34: 181-241. Cnemaspis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from South- GROSSMANN,W. ANDF. TILLACK.2000. Bemerkun- eastern Thailand. Copeia 1998: 439-444. gen zur Herpetofauna des Khao Lak, Phang BOULENGER,G. A. 1885. A list of reptiles and Nga, thailandische Halbinsel Teil 1: Einfuhrung; batrachians from the island of Nias. Ann. Mag. Amphibia; Reptilia: Sauria. Sauria, Berlin 22 (4): Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 16: 388-389. 23-38. BOULENGER,G. A. 1890. A list of the reptiles and KLUGE,A. G. 1993. Gekkonoad lizard . batrachians collected by Dr. E. Modigliani on International Society, San Diego. Sereinu (Sipora), Mentawei Islands. Ann. Mus. KLUGE,A. G. 2001. Gekkotan lizard taxonomy. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova Ser. 2, 14: 613-618. Hamadryad 26: 1-209. CHAN-ARD,T., W. GROSSMANN,A. GUMPRECHT, LEONG,T. -M., T. CHANARD, AND Y. CHUAYNKERN. ANDK. -D. SCHULZ.1999. Amphibians and rep- 2003. Additional anuran and saurian records for tiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand: an Phuket, south Thailand. Nat. Hist. J. Chula- illustrated checklist/Amphibien and Reptilien longkorn Univ. 3: 17-21. der Halbinsel Malaysia and Thailands: eine LEVITON,A. E., S. C. ANDERSON,R. H. GIBBS,E. illustrierte Checkliste. Bushmaster Publications, HEAL,AND C. E. DAWSON.1985. Standards in Wurselen. herpetology and ichthyology. Part I. Standard COX, M. J., P. P. VAN DIJK, J. NABHITABHATA, symbolic codes for institutional resource collec- AND K. THIRAKHUPT.1998. A photographic tions in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia guide to snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular 1985: 802-832. Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland MANTHEY,U. ANDW. GROSSMANN.1997. Amphib- Publishers (UK) Ltd., London. ien & Reptilien Sudostasiens. Natur and Tier DAS, I. 1993. Cnemaspis gordongekkoi, a new Verlag, Munster. gecko from Lombok, Indonesia, and the bioge- NICHOLLS,L. 1949. A new gekkonid from the ography of Oriental species of Cnemaspis Malay Peninsula. Bull. Raffles Mus. 19: 47-49. (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae). Hamadryad ROSLER,H. 1981. Bemerkungen zur Geographis- 18: 1-9; P 1.1. chen Verbreitung der Gattung Cnemaspis DAS, I. 2005. A revision of the genus Cnemaspis (Strauch 1887); Anmerkungen zur Systematik Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the von C. kandiana (Kelaart 1852); Allgemeine Mentawai Archipelago and adjacent archipela- Uberlegungen zu ihrer Biologie. Sauria, Berlin gos off Sumatra, Indonesia, with the description 1981: 7-14. of four new species. J. Herpetol. In press. SMITH,F. B. 1975. Naturalist's color guide. Parts I DAS, I. ANDA. M. BAUER.1998. Systematics and and II. American Museum of Natural History, biogeography of Bornean geckos of the genus New York. Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), SMITH,F. B. 1981. Naturalist's color guide. Part with the description of a new species. Raffles III. American Museum of Natural History, New 70 Current Herpetol. 23(2) 2004

York. Kaset, Chantaburi (Chanthaburi) Province, SMITH, M. A. 1935. The fauna of British India, Thailand (approximately 123°6'N,102°09'E)". including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Cnemaspis gordongekkoi Das, 1993: ZRC Amphibia. Vol. IL-Sauria. Taylor and Francis, 2.3380 and ZRC 2.3381 (holotype and London. paratype), "..vicinity of Sendanggila Falls, circa TAYLOR, E. H. 1963. The lizards of Thailand. 0.5km south of Senaru village, Lombok, Nusa Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 687-1077. Tenggara District, Republic of Indonesia

THAKUR, S. 1998. Turtles and lizards of the (8°45'S,116°30'E)". Sahyadri. J. Ecol. Soc., Pune 11: 38-40. Cnemaspis dringi Das & Bauer, 1998: THOMAS, J. AND P. S. EASA. 1997. Additions to FMNH 148588 (holotype), "Labang Camp

the fauna of Silent Valley, Kerala. Cobra (03°20'N;113°29'E), Bintulu District, Fourth 27: 31-33. Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo"; UNDERWOOD, G. 1954. On the classification and FMNH 221478 (paratype), "Sungai Segaham evolution of geckos. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (02°44'N;113°53'E),Belaga District, Seventh 124: 469-492. Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia". WERMUTH, H. 1966. Liste der rezenten Amphibien Cnemaspis kandiana (Kelaart,1852): BMNH nd Reptilien. Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, u Xan- 60.3.17.1066, 80.2.2.119, 53.4.1.1 (three syn- thusiidae. Das Tierreich 80. Walter de Gruyter & types), "Kandian hills, Ceylon" (=hills of Kandy Co. [or Mahanuwara],07°15'N;80°40'E, Central Province, Sri Lanka); MCZ 4138, 26719, "Ceylon" (=Sri Lanka); ZSI 5971 (holotype APPENDIX of Gymnodactylus Humei Theobald, 1876), Comparative material examined "Kandy" (see comments above); MSNG 8764 Cnemaspis affinis (Stoliczka,1870): ZSI 5964 (four specimens), "Ceylon" (=Sri Lanka). (holotype), ZRC 2.1098, "Penang" (=Pulau Cnemaspis kendallii (Gray, 1845): BMNH Pinang, West Malaysia); ZMA 11987, Pinang, XXII.92a (lectotype, designated by Dring, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.4858, Moon Gate, 1979), "Borneo"; FMNH 223201, MCZ Pulau Pinang, West Malaysia; Maxwell's Hill, 157158-59. Bako National Park, Sarawak, East Perak, West Malaysia (ZRC 2.1100; 2.1099). Malaysia (Borneo); FMNH 223201; MCZ Cnemaspis boulengerii Strauch,1887: CAS 157158-59. Bidi, Sarawak, East Malaysia 73745 (paratype of Gonatodes glaucus Smith, (Borneo); FMNH 184424. Bukit Lanjan, 1920), MCZ 39014-23, 'Pulo Condore" (=Con Selangor, West Malaysia; BMNH 1902.12.12. Dao), Vietnam. 12. Bidi, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); Cnemaspis chanthaburiensis Bauer & Das, Bau, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo); BMNH 1998: FMNH 215979 (holotype), "Khao Soi 1911.1.20.7-9. Bau, Sarawak, East Malaysia Daouw (Dao) Wildlife Sanctuary, Pongnomron (Borneo); BPBM 7494, Alag Sungei Ayer, (Pong Nam Ron), Chantaburi (Chanthaburi) Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC Province, Thailand (approximately 13°00'N, 2.1101. Jerantut, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC 102°05'E)"; BMNH 1917.5.14.4(paratype), 2.1102, Gunung Rokan, Pulau Tioman, Pah- "Chantaburi (Chanthaburi Province) , Siam ang, West Malaysia; ZRC 2.1103. Sedagong, (Thailand)"; FMNH 191479 (paratype), "Khao Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia; ZRC Soi Dao Tai, Pong Nam Ron, Chantaburi 2.1109-10. Pulau Siantan, Anamba, Riao (Chanthaburi) Province, Thailand (approxi- Archipelago, Indonesia; ZRC 2.1112-13. Sungei mately 13°00'N,102°05'E),850m."; FMNH Ulu, Great Natuna, Riao Archipelago, Indo- 215978 (paratype), "Khao Khiew (Khieo) Wild- nesia; ZRC 2.3014. Bukit Timah, Singapore; life Sanctuary, Chon Buri Province, Thailand ZRC 2.3015. Gunung Ladang, Melaka, West (approximately 13°14'N,101°08'E)"; FMNH Malaysia; USNM 26573. Pulau Bunoa, Tam- 215980 (paratype), "Amphoe Muang, Suan belan Islands, Indonesia; USNM 26555. St. DAS & LEONG-NEW LIZARD FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND 71

Barbe Island, at present Pulau Pedjantan, MCZ 39694, Klong Bang Lai, peninsular Indonesia; USNM 26547-49. Bunguran, Natu- Thailand. nas, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; USNM Cnemaspis limi Das & Grismer, 2003: ZRC 28145. Pulau Lingung, Natuna, Riao Archi- 2.5289 (holotype); ZRC 2.5290 (paratype). "Gua Tengkuk Air pelago, Indonesia; USNM 28149. Sirhassen, , Gunung Kajang (02°50'N; Natuna, Riao Archipelago, Indonesia; also 104°09'E), Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West F 78463 and ZSI 14767 and 19637, fromU Malaysia, altitude 980m"; ZRC 2.3504-06

Borneo". (three paratypes). Tekek-Juara trail (02°52'N; Cnemaspis nigridia (Smith, 1925): BMNH 104°12'E), Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West 1946.8.22.90 (formerly BMNH 1925.9.1.8; Malaysia. holotype), MCZ 39024 and ZRC 2.1114-115, Cnemaspis baueri Das & Grismer, 2003: "Mt . Gadin" (=Gunung Gading, 01°44'N; ZRC 2.5291 (holotype); ZRC 2.5292-99 (eight

109°50'E, Sarawak, East Malaysia; Borneo); paratopotypes). Kampung Berhala (02°27'N; MCZ 15250, Lundu, Sarawak, East Malaysia; 104°30E), Pulau Aur, Johor, West Malaysia. BMNH 1925.9.1.9-10, Gunung Pueh, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Cnemaspis siamensis (Smith, 1925): MCZ Accepted: 23 November 2004 39025, Maprit, Patiyu, peninsular Thailand;