In This Issue

The year 1995 marks the 75th anniversary of the Mennonite Central Commit­ tee (MCC), a Christian benevolent organization of response to human need. During this year, the role of MCC is being celebrated in special publications, symposia, exhibits, and in other ways. The anniversary celebrations reveal once again that MCC is more than an agency for Christian witness and service. MCC also has played a decisive role in the development of Mennonite identity in the United States and Canada. In this issue Mennonite Life offers a contribution to the MCC historical memory. Robert Kreider, a former editor of Mennonite Life, is a beloved elder states­ man of MCC. His essay in this issue is a revised version of a presentation given at the MCC 75th Anniversary Symposium at Fresno Pacific College in Califor­ nia in March. Kreider is also the curator of a special museum exhibit on MCC history, “The Gift of Hope,” at Kauffman Museum on the Bethel College Campus. The exhibit was funded in part by the Kansas Council for the Humani­ ties. It will be open until June 1996. MCC history is properly seen in a wider context of denominational, religious, and national history. The Mennonite impulse to Christian benevolence has been, and remains, a world wide phenomenon. The article by John B. Toews on German Mennonite relief work between the great world wars of this century, offers some possibilities for comparison. Toews, professor of history at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia, has been a frequent contributor to Mennonite Life. The Radical Reformation and Mennonite Bibliography has been an annual feature of Mennonite Life. Barbara Thiesen is the Technical Services Librarian and Co-Director of Libraries at Bethel College. It has been my privilege to serve as editor or co-editor of Mennonite Life for two terms, 1975-1980 and 1989-1995. I am now withdrawing from the editorship for a second time. My wife, Anna Kreider Juhnke, and I will spend the coming academic year as Center Fellows at the Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies at Elizabethtown College in Pennsylvania. Communications regarding Mennonite Life editorial matters should be sent to John Thiesen and to Raylene Hinz-Penner, arts editor, at Bethel College.

James C. Juhnke

2 MENNONITE LIFE MENNONITE

June 1995 Vol. 50 No. 2 LIFE Editor James C. Juhnke The Multiple Visions of MCC's 75 Years 4 Robert S. Kreider Managing Editor and Book Review Editor Forgotten Goodness: John D. Thiesen The Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe (1920-1932) 12 Editorial Assistant John B. Toews Barbara Thiesen Radical Reformation and Mennonite Front Cover MCC clothing distribution in Vienna-Rosental, Bibliography, 1994 18 Austria, April 13, 1948. Barbara Thiesen Back Cover Russian Mennonite refugee transport in Berlin, Book Reviews 1923. These were persons separated because of 28 sickness and sent to Lechfeld. The numbered per­ sons on the picture are: (1) David Becker, Berlin; (2) Alexander Fast, Berlin, representative from Caucasia; (3) Benjamin H. Unruh, representative of the Russian Mennonites; (4) Jakob Kroeker, Wernigerode am Harz, director of the “Licht im Osten” mission; (5) Mrs. D. M. Hofer, Chicago, 111., representative from U.S.A.; (6) D. M. Hofer, Chicago, 111., representative from U.S.A.; (7) Abraham Warkentin, Oberursel, Germany, repre­ sentative of Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe. Photo Credits All photos from the Mennonite Library and Ar­ chives, Bethel College.

MENNONITE LIFE (ISSN 0025-9365) is an il­ lustrated quarterly magazine published in March, June, September, and December by Bethel College, 300 East 27th, North Newton, Kansas 67117-0531. Second Class postage paid at North Newton, Kansas 67117. POSTMAS­ TER: Send address changes to MENNONITE LIFE, Bethel College, 300 East 27th, North Newton, Kansas 67117-0531.

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Indexed with abstracts in Religion Index One: Periodicals, American Theological Library As­ sociation, Chicago, Illinois; Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life, ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, California; and available online through BRS (Bibliographic Retrieval Serv­ ices), Latham, New York, and DIALOG, Palo Alto, California.

JUNE 1995 3 The Multiple Visions of MCC's 75 Years

by Robert S. Kreider

The birth of the Mennonite Central for a conference. They boldly called Catherine Hodder and a Rwanda pas­ Committee was so ordinary. No ener­ for an inter-Mennonite program in mis­ tor refugee drove from Goma in Zaire gizing vision statement. No recogni­ sions and service, a conference of his­ toward the Rwanda border. Tim tells tion of a breakthrough in inter-Mennon- toric peace churches, peacemaking, of how along the side of the road lay ite relationships. Just thirteen men peace education, prison reform, atten­ wrapped corpses. Beyond them, meeting in July 1920, in a frame church tion to the problems of labor, and ur­ huddles of refugees. The closer they on Prairie Street in Elkhart, Indiana. ban welfare—a sweeping agenda that is approached to the border, numbers Not a representative group: 10 from the suggestive of the MCC that emerged thickened. And then on a ridge, a broad Mennonite Church and three from in its second birth in the 1940s and valley spread below them. A stagger­ groups of Prussian-Russian immigrant 1950s—the World War II years and af­ ing sight. Across the valley and into background. No photographs of the ter. the distance, a solid carpet of human­ meeting. Just another committee meet­ ity: 300,000 ... 500,000 ... 700,000 refu­ ing and only briefly noted in Mennon­ A House of Many Windows gees. Numbers lost their meaning. Far ite periodicals. They drafted a work­ below in the distance they saw the tiny ing agreement, using the words “tem­ I step aside now and confess that I form of a UN truck with food, sur­ porary” and “tentative.” This new feel ill at ease with this term “vision.” rounded by a tightly-packed mass of committee was to “function with and The vision format of a Martin Luther people. Tim thought of the enormity for the several existing relief commit­ King “I have a dream” or a Harold of the task of organizing an equitable tees ... and to take charge of all gifts Bender “Anabaptist Vision” seems to distribution in that valley of misery. for South Russia and [provide for] the ill fit the MCC. Vision is defined as The three knew that they must go equitable distribution of the same.”1 So “the sight of things normally hidden down among the people. Tim tells of matter of fact and so minimal. One from human eyes.” It is especially picking his way through the narrow, wonders whether this inter-Mennonite characteristic of apocalyptic literature. almost invisible spaces that separated committee would have been formed The book of Daniel speaks of vision at family from family, “taking care to without the insistence of a delegation least 14 times, but Jesus uses it only avoid the cooking fires, the bundles of of four from Russia—outsiders telling once. The essence of vision is seeing possessions, the sick, the dying and North Americans what to do. One into the distance—talcing a long view. those already [dead], the makeshift senses it was a reluctant marriage—af­ I am, thus, drawn to the metaphor of shelters.” Everywhere they walked fection developing later, much later. In windows. MCC is a house of many they were among those who had mur­ that quite ordinary setting at Prairie windows. Like any metaphor, it can dered and those who had lost family in Street, two young men met for the first be useful for a time, but often it be­ the slaughter—Christians killing Chris­ time: Orie Miller of Akron, Pennsyl­ comes shopworn. As we saunter about tians. And then in Tim’s words, “We vania, and P. C. Hiebert of Hillsboro, in the MCC experience, we shall peer saw sights more stunning than ... the Kansas. But for our people, oh, the through many windows. hundreds of thousands: people caring difference that partnership. for each other ... the dying not aban­ Probing for a vision for this infant The Valley of Vision doned ... the sharing of food and water MCC, one might find the seeds a year ... children aged six or seven holding earlier in Clermont-en-Argonne, Last August Tim Lind, a veteran of in their arms and comforting baby sis­ France. There sixty idealistic and im­ Africa service, returned from Rwanda ters and brothers—the parents dead ... patient college-age Mennonite young with memories that haunt the con­ children looking up smiling.”2 Incom­ men, who at war’s end were serving science. In the aftermath of the mas­ prehensible—that valley of death and with a Quaker reconstruction unit, met sacre, Tim and country representative life, cruelty and compassion, Golgotha

4 MENNONITE LIFE and the Resurrection. A 17th century Puritan poet, inspired by the 22nd chapter of Isaiah, offers for us a biblical metaphor for that dis­ tant valley: Lord, High and Holy. Meek and Lowly, Thou hast brought [us] to the valley of vi­ sion, where [we] live in the depths but see thee in the heights; hemmed in by mountains of sin, [we] be­ hold thy glory.3 Thus far we have peered through these windows: 1. MCC was born and is reborn in valleys of tragedy. The Great War with its aftermath of revolution, civil war, hunger and famine. World War II with its 50 million dead, the Holocaust, the Gulag, nuclear terror. And a recent U.N. report that 1.3 billion persons live in utter poverty—70 percent of these Housing for Mennonite refugees in Gronau, West Germany, immediately after women. In an unlovely world of domi­ World War II. Each family stored their few possessions in a compartment cur­ nation and misery, exploitation and vio­ tained by blankets. lence, MCC is called to be a conscience and, for others, to ignite conscience. bases, in-house vocabulary, central salt and seeds, fabric and quilt, wheat Rebirth of hope in the valleys of trag­ files, secrets, marketing strategies, bot­ and bread—all so earthy and elemen­ edy. tom lines, accountability. As an insti­ tal. MCC’s identity is best revealed in 2 .MCC receives the gifts of ordinary tution, MCC can be analyzed and quan­ stories, feeling and metaphor, photo­ people doing ordinary things. Sur­ tified. It is an institution, but it is more. graphs and images. The vision is even prised by grace, the ordinary becomes The Mennonite Central Committee is carried on the wings of song. Take note extraordinary. “We can do no great also a movement: fluid, organic, inclu­ of the cover of the 1995 MCC calen­ things,” says Mother Teresa, “only sive, fuzzy on the edges, a process as dar. We see two Hispanics, radiant and small things with great love.” well as structure, evolving, a fabric of singing. I recall meetings of the MCC 3. It is in walking among the people, many threads, a body as in Romans 12, in the early 40s—in a working class one finds Jesus already there. He walks a fellowship, a peoplehood, a commu­ neighborhood on South Union in Chi­ ahead among the hurting. He pauses nity of memory, a network of relation­ cago, a dingy mission church; rows of to listen, touches and heals, feeds and ships, a people in pilgrimage, a spirit­ men in somber dress; and every meet­ comforts. He brings hope to the bruised ual journey. As a movement, it is an ing at the end brightened with the and broken. And those who are hurt elusive sprawl, its parameters ill-de­ hymn, “Blessed be the tie that binds.” respond with their gifts. The fined. MCC may be understood as fam­ Not much, but a modest touch of the christological core of MCC is ex­ ily, extended family, clan. In MCC’s liturgical. pressed with biblical simplicity, “in the second birth during and after World name of Christ.” John Coffman, a War II, MCC’s activities have done A Biblical Journey worker in wartime London, suggested much to break down the “middle wall this motto—an early example of how of partition” among Mennonites. The In a search for metaphors that de­ many (or even most) of the creative tent now encloses a larger peoplehood. scribe a movement, I am drawn to the ideas come from the field. And beyond, it has opened a door of one of a spiritual journey. That sug­ access to a global circle of friends. gests mobility and change, false starts MCC as a Movement Most certainly if it were dismantled, and breakthroughs, defeats and sur­ something like MCC would sprout prises. It allows for leaders doing the Before proceeding further, we must from the roots. imprudent and workers frustrated. In reflect on MCC as an organization. We Helpful as are definitions, MCC as a the journey, to understand and to be un­ can appropriately view MCC as an in­ people’s movement may be better un­ derstood, one must speak different lan­ stitution: structure, organization charts, derstood in symbols and metaphors. In guages. Consider as a treasury the wide staff, priorities, headquarters, job de­ its literature, we observe a serious and range of language competencies on tap scriptions, hierarchy of command, de­ sensitive concern for the symbolic: in the data bank of our people. I like partments and sub-departments, power dove, cross and globe, hands and plow, to think that in the MCC family we

JUNE 1995 5 - God close at hand - God affirming our responsibility, but reminding us that we are not God - A God who gives a second chance. - Hope, always hope, that an answer can be found.

The Gift of Story

Embarked on a spiritual journey, speaking a biblical language, one tells stories. Eli Wiesel says, “God created people because he loves to tell stories.” We might add, “Also, because he loves to hear stories.” Where MDS volun­ teers gather, they tell stories. When trainees from overseas meet, they tell stories. When we see old friends at a World Conference, we share stories. These stories carry transcendent mean­ ing because God tells stories and lis­ tens to the stories of his children. share a familiar biblical language. To and seek its welfare. The genius of MCC has been, is, and the poor and rejected of the world, - Farther along the way we meet will be this grass-rooted, intimate way speech that has biblical tone is pro­ Habakkuk who asks God why evil of seeing need incarnate in persons phetically and satisfyingly authentic. ones prosper at the expense of the in­ whom our workers meet. James Wall, Biblical resources are abundant for nocent. God gives an answer that editor of the Christian Century, asks, our spiritual journey: does not satisfy. Habakkuk asks “Why do some Protestant visitors to the - We leave a Garden of security and again. God responds, “There is still Mideast seek to relate to Palestinians wander East of Eden into strange sur­ a vision for the appointed time.... If while others do not?”4 He observes that roundings. it seems to tarry, wait for it; it will Lutherans and Episcopalians, both with - We hear God’s voice: “I am with you.” surely come, it will not delay.” strong mission connections in the - At the end of a devastating flood, we - Entering the New Testament, we walk Middle East, reach out in understand­ observe God speaking to us in sym­ the rest of the way with Jesus. ing to Palestinians. However, those bols of hope: a rainbow, a dove, and In our biblical walk with Jesus, a per­ without such connections (Baptists and a green olive leaf. spective emerges which we have his own Methodists) do not. Mennon- - At Ur we join Abram and Sara who come to know as Anabaptist: ites, with their MCC and mission con­ “by faith ... set out, not knowing - Christ the cornerstone nections in crisis areas, are wired up where they were going.” - Taking up our cross and following for empathetic response. This sensi­ - We journey with Abram to Shechem, Him tivity and responsiveness is earned in one of the many ordinary places along - Covenanting with kindred souls to be stories told by persons we know and the way where God appears. co-workers with him in His church, trust. So many problems today are in­ - We share an interlude of peace in the the body of Christ tractable, insoluble—more than we can land of Goshen—“the best part of the - Called into the ministry of peace and handle. Working in the barrios, on the land.” reconciliation rice paddies, along city streets, MCC - In Egypt, a backlash of hatred, op­ - Rejoicing in hope, patient in suffer­ workers meet persons. Problems are pression and then deliverance—“the ing, persevering in prayer incarnate in particular people. When parting of the waters.” In the biblical record of God’s people there is a face, one finds hope: Ezra, - Followed by wanderings in the wil­ are tips for the MCC wayfarer: imprisoned for 12 years on Robben Is­ derness with murmurings in the ranks - Stick-to-it-ive-ness land, South Africa; Gertrud, a widow, and seduction by popular cults. And - Openness to the unexpected who guided her family of five through yet a God who does not abandon his - Surprised by grace six years of refugee wanderings; Liu, stumbling, forgetful people. - Ordinariness transformed into faith­ who forgave those who tortured him. - Later a people exiled to Babylon—a fulness Stories about a person have power. Re­ strange and inhospitable society. But - Forgiveness for disobedience and turning workers who go from office to even there they learn to build, live, blunders office in Washington and Ottawa and plant, have families, pray for the city - Skepticism understood tell their stories, command the atten-

6 MENNONITE LIFE tion of officials. They bring faces to problems that officials would prefer to ignore. Stories empower. Stories help bridge cultural barriers. Stories lead to questions. I remember a meeting in Cairo with the head of Is­ lamic studies at El Alazahar Univer­ sity, a university that dates back more than a thousand years. Seated in his office, our host having served us tea, we opened with the observation: “We have just come from the streets of Cairo—noise, traffic, confusion, com­ plexity, congestion, seductive advertis­ ing.... Bombarded on all sides by this modernity, how do you pass on the Is­ lamic faith?” He leaned forward and declared fervently, “I’ll tell you. It is not this university. It is not the mosque. It is the family.” We were now on com­ mon ground—the family—with stories and questions that can link two faith traditions. There are questions that When MCC speaks for the poor and to do things alone. bridge religious boundaries: marginalized, we sometimes speak against In the task of programming for youth, the very system from which we benefit. - How do you pass on the faith, pass on When we speak in behalf of restoring of­ we are on competitive and shifting turf. values? fenders to the community through media­ Other church agencies are experiment­ - What gives you hope? tion and other alternatives to prison, we are ing anxiously in this area. MCC may - Where do you find your support com­ criticized by those who demand harsher be most helpful by continuing to do punishment.... When we support refugees, munity? we hear that [our country] has enough certain tested things well and, with its To summarize, here are more win­ people from abroad-let them go somewhere network of field contacts and experi­ dows to an understanding of the MCC: else. ence, stand available to aid others with - People bonded in a movement The church will be judged by where it their experimental programs. decides to make its stand—with the poor and - Pilgrims on a spiritual journey marginalized, or with the powerful and af­ Again, that was a parenthetical sec­ - Speaking a biblical language fluent.5 tion in which we acknowledge that for - Informed by an Anabaptist world view A second sobering report comes from some—even many—of our youth, MCC - Following Christ Waldo Neufeld based on his interviews may not be a popular, trendy, main­ - Conscientious objectors to misery and in 1993 with twelve youth pastors.6 stream enterprise. True to its violence Youth attitudes may mirror us. It ap­ Anabaptist commitments, MCC finds - Carried on the wings of story and song pears we have taught materialism and meaning even if out of step with con­ - Learning to receive gifts from new individualism well. In Waldo’s find­ ventional political wisdom—consider friends ings, MCC comes across as low key, Somalia, the West Bank, El Salvador. - People asking essential questions. that is, boring. It carries the stigma of Deep inside we know that a minority institutions. It means old people. Long can contribute to the whole—finding Again, a Digression term service is not an option because opportunities on the edges, even in the youth need money, education, and cars. cracks of society. That, in the long At this point, I fear I may be out of The world of youth is a barrage of op­ view, may be both politically respon­ touch. Several paragraphs leap out of tions, busyness, music that is always sible and politically relevant. the 1994 MCC Workbook. John Dyck, changing. They like to go where the retiring Executive Director of MCC action is. Packaging is important. The Gift of Hope Canada, caught my eye with these re­ Shock therapy helps: seeing poverty, flections: prisons, soup kitchens. They are into In recent months, I have been work­ MCC may be swimming upstream against the environment, but tired of talking ing on a team curating an exhibit that society on issues such as sharing with the seeks to tell the 75 year story of the poor, peace, justice and crime policies. We about it. They like hands-on, short­ may also be swimming against the stream term experiences. They relate well to Mennonite Central Committee. You in many of our churches.... Once we were young persons who have been in the are invited to come to the Kauffman poor and [outcast]; today we are socially and action. Paradoxically, although they Museum in North Newton, Kansas, and economically advantaged.... are individualistic, they are reluctant see the exhibit that opened May 20,

JUNE 1995 7 overcrowded? - If you choose to live in a disaster- prone area, isn’t that your problem? - Can outsiders bring constructive change to a culture not their own? - Why do non-Christians do so much good? I thank God that the MCC experience has disturbed our comfortable certitude with vexing, distasteful, even unan­ swerable questions. If we had stayed at home in Corn, Archbold, or Steinbach, we might never have talked with a Muslim, worked with a Marx­ ist, lived under a dictator, or been forced to negotiate with a crook. A series of captivating stories told enthusiastically can sound triumphal. For some, triumphalism offends. With many of the expected visitors being Mennonite refugee families in Colony Volendam, Paraguay, ca. 1947. non-Mennonite, parochial language must be excluded. Hence, an effort to minimize language as used by head­ 1995 and continues for a year. The title facts, as carriers of memory, are visu­ line writers that suggests that MCC is is “The Gift of Hope”—the theme of ally arresting: from a Fordson tractor a super-person: “MCC says,” “MCC hope running like a golden thread and Oliver plow of the 1920s to a Men- protests,” “MCC gives.” Also, an ef­ through the whole MCC experience. nonite refugee’s chest to a fort to avoid institutional language, We struggled in the effort to compress smokejumper’s parachute to a plot of prideful sounding statistics, and con­ the complex, sprawling MCC experi­ Büffel grass as sown in the Chaco to a gratulatory quotes. It is difficult to ence into a limited space. We found an bomb-shattered hoe of a Laos child clean up one’s language. In telling the integrating idea from MCC fields of killed in the field. The arena is envel­ story we have preferred to feature the service: images of a Bedouin tent, a oped by stories and sounds, photo im­ lesser known rather than the big MCC Navajo hogan, a Kalahari rondavel, an ages and three-dimensional objects. names. Humility, let’s face it, is the African village council fire. A concept Visitors are thus invited into this inner most fragile and elusive of virtues. emerged of a central arena for circle to explore and enlarge the com­ Outside Kauffman Museum is placed storytelling and discussion with mov­ munity of memory and to consider the biggest artifact of all, the renovated able stools for seating. To get a feel troublesome questions. 1946-73 portable meat canner—a pro­ for this global undertaking, on the floor As a stimulus to the discussion, each logue to the exhibit. The 1946 meat is a large map of the world. The map theme cluster carries questions—one canner symbolizes the second birth of allows children and adults to locate personal and one on public policy- the MCC: the upsurge in the 1940s and MCC’s diverse fields of service. The such as these: 50s of grass root support, the explosive arena is encircled by seven theme clus­ - What can volunteers do that profes­ expansion of postwar MCC program­ ters that offer glimpses into the pro­ sionals cannot do? ming. The canner section carries the gram—the themes ranging from disas­ - When you are attempting to do good, theme of strength rising from the ter intervention to speaking truth to can you be sure you are doing good? people—the populist base of the MCC, power. And in every theme, the dove - What can the poor, the hungry, and the hands-on and the practical, a job of hope. the homeless teach us? for everyone. It depicts the host of vol­ Distributed throughout are the indi­ - When a government says “no,” do you unteers—at least 30 volunteers for ev­ cators of faith, biblical way markers. take “no” for an answer? ery salaried worker—and from all ages, Each theme cluster carries stories sup­ Lest the exhibit be too celebrative, from many countries. The meat can­ ported by enlarged photographs and ob­ the voice of the skeptic is introduced— ner is an expression of a people’s move­ jects (artifacts). The photographs speak similar to the impudent gargoyle-like ment, a modern version of a barn rais­ without words. The panels and sets are figure in the corner of an Oliphant po­ ing or threshing ring. This canning of constructed of simple materials: ex­ litical cartoon. In each theme cluster, meat, making of soap, stitching of posed wood framing, natural colored one can lift a flap and be confronted quilts may be institutional foolishness, Masonite, craft paper, common fabric, by a question from the doubter: but it suggests a folk wisdom. In the a palette of subdued colors. The arti­ - Why save lives when the world is words of Paul, “God chose what is

MENNONITE LIFE weak in the world to shame the strong.” Power from the people, from the con­ gregations. But, on second thought, does this not have the taint of triumphalism ? Again to summarize, the experience of curating an exhibit on the MCC story has opened for us additional windows: - an awareness of the multi-sidedness and the interwoven fabric of MCC - the gifts of ordinary people - the persuasive power of storytelling - the steady flow of volunteers - the gift of hope that touches every task. Also something more. The arena in the exhibit suggests a central motif in the MCC experience. At the heart of all is our base commu­ nity, the church, the body of Christ. Support and workers flow from con­ gregations. Wherever workers go, they seek a home and partners in the church at that place. Workers go out as indi­ viduals with their special gifts. More important, they go out as members of a team, but more than a team. They and their new partner-friends are a so­ journer congregation that deliberates and worships together. Confronted by varied ethical dilemmas that trouble a conscientious worker, a support com­ munity is at hand to assist the perplexed in making choices between black and white and among the shades of grey. God gave us faith communities to help us work through the adjustments of liv­ Robert L. Snyder of La Junta, Colorado (left) and Darrell L. Albright of Pretty ing in the world and not being of the Prairie, Kansas. MCC voluntary service workers in agricultural demonstration world. To all would-be agendas of work in Paraguay, ca. 1949. change, a strong message goes forth. You cannot be an agent of change—in- season and out-of-season-without a Maintaining the Right Fellowship hold” or “maintaining the right fellow­ support base. For some it may be a ship.” Behind these respondents hov­ party, a cell or an action group, but for In recent years I have conducted ex­ ers the image of Orie Miller, the sec­ us it is the church. To serve “in the tensive interviews with several veteran ond Executive Secretary, who shaped name of Christ” is to be bonded to­ MCC administrators: William Snyder, profoundly the MCC administrative gether in the body of Christ. J. M. Klassen, Reg Toews, Peter and paradigm. He reflected an Anabaptist- To point to the moral of this discourse Elfrieda Dyck (on their work in the Mennonite piety, a down-home Indi­ on the MCC exhibit, the arena ex­ 1940s), and less completely, Edgar ana farm upbringing, a shoe business presses for us a core affirmation: the Stoesz and John Hostetler. Transcrip­ savvy, a New York Times worldly church is our base community. MCC tions of some of these interviews are knowledge, and an unapologetic is planted in the church. This, too, is a on MCC library shelves. biblicism. Traces of the Orie style lin­ window to the MCC experience. In this final section I shall distill from ger in how MCC staff perceive of their the veterans their reflections on MCC activities. patterns of doing Kingdom work. In I have grouped these tenets into seven traditional Mennonite language, these categories: tenets relate to “managing the house­

JUNE 1995 9 Style Understatement of purpose and achievements Practical rather than ideological Minimal need for immediate, measur­ able results Not the last nor the first to use new technology Staying with the job until it is done Seeking to be at home in the host cul­ ture Administrative High tolerance for structural ambigu­ ity Allowing for many quasi-autonomous parts Most of the creative ideas coming from the field, with Akron and Winnipeg testing, affirming, and empowering Most good ideas in MCC having more than two parents Emphasis on secondment—that is, pro­ viding personnel and resources to lo­ cal organizations for their programs Seeking to be partners with those in need Political Often out of step with conventional political passions (taking note of Viet­ nam, Central America, the Gulf War, Somalia, Native American affairs, criminal justice) Reluctance to be partisan or factional Prepared to work with varied agencies, governments, situations, political sys­ tems Maintaining a bit of distance from U.S. agencies abroad Wary of U.S. government funding Encountering injustice in fields of serv­ Robert Kreider (left) and P. C. Hiebert in Germany, ca. 1947 ice, then cautiously speaking truth to authorities Church and Polity Affirmation that there is a job for ev­ Faith Servant of the church eryone (traces of an old MCC adage: Preference for a quiet witness in the Inter-Mennonite in control, staffing, “We use what the church gives us.”) name of Christ and purpose Delegation of much authority to work­ Maintaining simple faith criteria for Rooted in supporting North American ers in the field; trust of their judg­ service: commitment to Jesus Christ, churches ment relation to church, and attitude to­ Seeking partnership with local Encourage self-reliance ward nonresistance/peace churches wherever it serves Responsive to need regardless of race, Looking for partners in churches, mis­ People religion, status, or gender sions, and local organizations Personal relationships primary Scale This less than precise administrative Accent on friendship building Preference for the small, the village, paradigm is another window to the Emphasis on establishing and preserv­ the neighborhood MCC. For one coming from corporate ing a network of trustful relationships A bias for the grass roots North America, the MCC world is un­ Where professionals and untrained An understanding of the macro to fo­ conventional and sometimes exasper­ work together cus on the micro ating. And yet for some, it is a refresh-

10 MENNONITE LIFE ing alternative. Reviewing again these answer should be ‘yes’ unless there is of a thousand windows. unwritten tenets, we see paradox. a good reason to say ‘no’.” Fifty-four My thoughts return to Tim, Cathy, MCC: conservative, boring, folksy, re­ years later, I hear him now. A thou­ and their Rwanda friend walking in the sisting the winds of modernity; and at sand times I have recalled those valley of refugees and I hear the words once, unconventionally radical, non­ words—words that have shaped my of the Puritan poet: conformist, counter cultural. An insti- life. Lord, High and Holy, Meek and Lowly, tution-for-all-seasons phenomena. 2. Five years later in 1946 I was in thou has brought [us] to the valley of vision, We must acknowledge that how the where [we] live in the depths but see thee in Germany responsible for relief distri­ the heights; MCC household is managed is in flux. bution in the American Zone. I was hemmed in by mountains of sin, [we] be­ The ways of the marketplace do in­ having problems with Evangelisches hold thy glory. trude. For a people in pilgrimage, there Hilfswerk, the major distributor of are many unresolved questions-these MCC food and clothing. I saw the Prot­ ENDNOTES but three: estant agency using MCC relief to ad­ 1. As we affirm localism, does not 'P. C. Hiebert and Orie O. Miller, eds., Feeding vance partisan political interests. I sent the Hungry (Scottdale, PA: Mennonite Central the center continue to grow? Can MCC distress signals in letters back to Ak­ Committee, 1929), 5 1. decentralize and yet preserve and en­ ron. I waited anxiously for letters of :Tim Lind, “Report on MCC Team Visit to the hance its unique bi-national partner­ counsel. Finally one came from J. N. Rwanda/Burundi Region, 14-30 July 1994," Men­ ship? nonite Central Committee, August 10, 1994. Byler, MCC Relief Director. He ex­ ■’Arthur Bennett, ed.. The Valley o f Vision 2. As we develop our gifts of listen­ pressed much appreciation for my re­ (Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Press, 1994), 1. ing to our partners overseas, are we as ports and work and added that he Tames Wall, "Ties That Bind,” Christian Cen­ gifted in incorporating the learnings of looked forward to hearing more. Sin­ tury, 18 Jan. 1995, 35. listening and partnering in our relations cerely yours. That was all. No coun­ Hohn Dyck, 1994 Mennonite Central Commit­ tee Workbook (Akron, PA: Mennonite Central with home congregations, particularly sel in my distress. No answers to my Committee, 1995), 117. the smaller groups of the MCC con­ anguished questions. And yet, in time, '’Waldo Neufeld, “MCC: Bridging to Youth," stituency? I realized he had answered me. In a Mennonite Central Committee, British Columbia, June 21, 1993. 3. With the increasing professional­ paracommunicative way he was say­ ization of MCC service, can significant ing, “You know better than we, what service opportunities be found for the to do. We trust your judgment.” The young and untrained? incredible confidence Akron placed in Seventy-five years after that Prairie youth in the field. Street meeting, MCC has become 3. In the spring of 1945, the war in many-sided, a house with many win­ Europe drawing to an end, I was in dows: born in valleys of tragedy, re­ Akron responsible for MCC’s hospital ceiving gifts from ordinary people, units in CPS. On May 5 ,1 convened a serving in the name of Christ, people meeting in Chicago at the Mennonite bonded in a movement, pilgrims on a Home Mission to review plans for the spiritual journey, speaking a biblical second year of MCC summer service language, earned on the wings of story, for women. Edna Ramseyer, a teacher emissaries of hope, at home in the at Bluffton College, wrote that she church, servants in the Lord’s business. could not attend because MCC had This rambling MCC house has many asked her to go to New York to meet a windows. There are more of which we worker called home. She said she was have not spoken. Each of us has our sending as her substitute a college se­ room with a view. Each of has stories nior, one Lois Sommer. Our commit­ to tell—some painful and some joyful, tee met. I asked Lois to serve as secre­ some embarrassing and some satisfy­ tary. A few days after the meeting, the ing. I conclude with three stories, my minutes arrived-well written, carefully stories: typed. As administrators do, I wrote a 1. In September 1941 Orie Miller note of appreciation. Letter led to let­ came to visit our CPS Camp at Colo­ ter. Seven months later, Lois and I were rado Springs. I was 22, a drafted con­ married. Accident? Chance? A touch scientious objector doing alternative of mystery? Providence? I choose to service. I was asked to take Orie out call it providence wrapped in the mys­ to see the men digging a diversion ditch tery of God’s ways. for a local rancher. Apropos to some­ The MCC phenomena is so very per­ thing, he said, “Long ago I decided that sonal-embedded in your stories and when the church asks me to serve, my mine-accumulated memories. A house

JUNE 1995 11 Forgotten Goodness: The Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe (1920-1932) by John B. Toews

Concerned German Mennonites met Wilhelmsdorf Boys School, A. committee expressed the hope that it at Ludwigshafen on the Rhine on No­ Warkentin and H. Wall, compiled a list would soon be enlarged by additional vember 22, 1920. They unanimously of all the Russian Mennonites scattered Mennonite representatives from resolved to found Mennonitische throughout Germany. Both men origi­ Alsace-Lorraine, the Netherlands, and Fluechtlingsfuersorge (Mennonite nally came from the Molotschna settle­ Switzerland. When the young organi­ Refugee Aid) and appointed the well ment and intuitively understood the zation met for its fourth meeting dur­ known Mennonite leader, Christian dilemma confronting their co-religion- ing February 1921, both the Swiss and Neff from the Weierhof, as chairper­ ists. When the first news of the Bol­ Dutch Mennonites sent a representa­ son.1 While broadly concerned with shevik Revolution reached Germany tive.4 “religious, cultural and benevolent pur­ late in 1917, the two began circulating In Europe, peace negotiations even­ poses,” its primary task was to provide a newsletter called Heimatgruesse, first tually produced the Treaty of Brest “spiritual and material aid” for their in handwritten, then in printed form.3 Litovsk on March 3, 1918. Under its suffering Mennonite co-religionists in The publication not only provided a terms, the Bolshevik government lost Russia.2 The new society was not af­ link between Russian Mennonites, but the Ukraine. Subsequently a compli­ filiated with any specific Mennonite kept them informed of the latest devel­ cated diplomatic scenario saw the cre­ group or conference in Germany and opments in their homeland. ation of an autonomous Ukrainian Re­ sought to recruit anyone wishing to re­ Meanwhile in April 1918, Christian public and the occupation of the spond to the catastrophe which had Neff organized a special consultation Ukraine by German and Austrian overtaken the Mennonites living in the at the Weierhof for all interested Men­ troops. The German defeat in the west Russian Empire. nonites, where reports of widespread as well as civil anarchy in the Ukraine The organization of Mennonitische anarchy in the Russian Empire and es­ forced the Germans to retreat in No­ Fluechtlingsfuersorge (MFF), which pecially the Ukraine were presented. vember 1918.5 Throughout 1919, the was renamed the Deutsche In the years to come, whether at con­ Mennonite settlements in the Ukraine Mennoniten-Hilfe (German Mennonite ferences or special meetings, the plight not only endured the fluctuating fronts Aid) in February 1922, has its origins of the Russian Mennonites became part of the Russian civil war, but a reign of amid a complex set of circumstances. of the German Mennonite agenda. terror by various marauding bands, of­ Prior to World War I, Russian Mennon­ In July 1920, the Conference of South ten driven by their hatred of all things ites were frequent visitors to Germany. German Mennonites appointed A. German and eager to share the reputed They came as tourists, health-seekers, Warkentin of Wilhelmsdorf as its itin­ wealth of the settlers. News of atroci­ and students. The sudden outbreak of erant minister and instructed him to ties committed by the anarchist army the war left many of these stranded and include the Russian Mennonite refu­ of Nestor Makhno soon appeared in subject to impoverishment. The chair­ gees in Germany in his travels. Now, letters to Germany and North America man of the Conference of South Ger­ as he circulated among them, he was where they were published by the Men­ man Mennonites, Christian Neff, not able to learn more of the tragedy en­ nonite press. only sheltered some of these unfortu­ gulfing their friends and relatives in In an attempt to deal with the eco­ nates in his own village, the Weierhof Russia. When he reported his findings nomic and social crises confronting in the Palatinate, but found employ­ to the delegates attending the Confer­ them, Mennonites in the Molotschna ment for them in the surrounding re­ ence of South German Mennonites on settlement elected a Studienkommission gion. He further persuaded his confer­ September 23, 1920, they unanimously (Study Commission) late in 1919, ence to establish a special fund for des­ approved the formation of a relief which was to explore immigration op­ titute Russian Mennonites. agency. German-based when founded portunities in Europe and North At the same time, two teachers at the in November 1920, the MFF executive America and link up with co-religion-

12 MENNONITE LIFE ists on both continents. The commis­ sion arrived in Europe during April 1920 and contacted Mennonites in Ger­ many, Holland, and Switzerland. Two of its members, A. A. Friesen and C. H. Warkentin, remained in North America following a tour of both Canada and the United States. Another one of its members, B. H. Unruh, re­ turned to Germany where he became a pivotal liaison between European Men­ nonites and their Russian brothers and sisters.6 He not only provided reliable information about the plight of the Russian Mennonites to the MFF and German Mennonite conferences, but encouragement and inspiration as well. Meanwhile in North America, the re­ ports of the Studienkommission sensi­ tized a large and wealthy Mennonite Refugee group at Lechfeld constituency to the catastrophe con­ fronting their co-religionists in the Rus­ sian Empire. Mennonite periodicals immigration of over 20,000 Russian sufficient. soon took up the cause of relief. A re­ Mennonites to Canada. All of these Lechfeld, the site of the famous sponse was not slow in coming. On agencies proved of inestimable value Magyar-Saxon battle of 955, lay some the Pacific coast, relief efforts became to the DMH. Not long after its found­ twenty-five kilometers south of synonymous with names like M. B. ing, the DMH’s aid efforts became in­ Augsburg. The former military base Fast, B. B. Reimer, and W. P. Neufeld. creasingly vulnerable to the economic was initially inspected by Horsch of the Amid incredible difficulties, Fast and chaos engulfing Germany. Fortunately South German relief agency Neufeld accompanied a large relief it could now rely on the helping hand Mennonitisches Hilfswerk shipment to distressed Mennonite colo­ of a large and concerned constituency Christenpflicht8 (MHC). The DMH, in nies in Siberia in 1919.7 in North America, which had not yet cooperation with the MHC, approached Meanwhile mid-west Mennonites been devastated by economic depres­ the German minister for refugees who met in Hillsboro, Kansas, early in Janu­ sion. readily approved the project, provided ary 1920, and organized an inter-Men- the DMH enter into a direct contract. nonite relief committee which initially Lechfeld The offer of the German government, also targeted starving Mennonites in Si­ while generous, placed the DMH in a beria. Similarly the Emergency Relief Initially the new organization’s difficult situation. The government Commission, the official aid agency of agenda focused mainly on the grow­ promised to provide the land rent free the General Conference Churches in ing number of Russian Mennonite refu­ for a five year period, followed by a North America, donated over one-half gees reaching Germany, most of whom twenty-five year moderately-priced of its budget for famine relief between were housed in former prisoner of war rent agreement. While some of the start 1920 and 1923. barracks scattered throughout the coun­ up costs were covered by an outright On July 27, 1920, delegates from all try. DMH representatives scoured the grant, the long-range project was to be existing Mennonite relief organizations various camps in order to locate their financed by an interest-free loan of one met in Elkhart, Indiana, and voted to co-religionists and to supply them with and a half million marks.9 Encouraged create the Mennonite Central Commit­ much needed food, clothing, and by its Swiss and Dutch friends and tee. The new agency immediately ini­ money donated by the German Men­ hopeful of North American aid, the tiated a Russian relief program and in nonites. Anxious to concentrate Men­ DMH settled its first Mennonite fami­ early September sent a three-man unit nonite aliens in one location, the relief lies at Lechfeld. By mid-summer of to the Ukraine via Constantinople. Ca­ agency requested the use of the former 1921, some twenty-one Mennonite nadians organized the Canadian Cen­ military base at Lechfeld. The barracks families were resident in Lechfeld, al­ tral Committee on October 18, 1920, were not only more spacious and com­ most all of them engaged in active which in turn spawned the Canadian fortable, but the potential agricultural farming.10 MHC and DMH officials Mennonite Board of Colonization lands associated with former artillery joined forces in order to purchase or (CMBC) on May 17, 1922. The CMBC ranges provided the transients with an beg the necessary farm machinery and would eventually play a key role in the opportunity to become somewhat self- equipment.11

JUNE 1995 13 Lechfeld related to the clients it in­ tended to serve and the terms under which they settled. Lechfeld was never intended to be permanent or self-sus­ taining nor did it offer any of its inhab­ itants any real prospect of private own­ ership. The independently-minded Mennonite farmers from Russia had little interest in indefinite lease arrange­ ments with no prospect of ownership. Then too, the Lechfeld settlement had barely begun when, thanks to the ef­ forts of the Studienkommission, the prospect of immigration to Canada emerged. With no prospect of a future rootedness in Germany, it was little wonder the migrants were reluctant to participate in a project which offered temporary subsistence but no perma­ nence.17 The “Transmigrants Committee ” at Lechfeld: (left to right) Jacob Braun, of The Lechfeld project encountered a Einlage, chairman; Johann Warkentin, of Grünfeld, age 18, stoker/fireman; Peter fourth unexpected complication. The Penner, of Rosental, age S3, kitchen overseer; Franz Schellenberg, of Reinfeld, agencies which would eventually trans­ age 23, book keeper; Peter Letkemann, of Insel Chortitza, age 23, head cook; port thousands of Russian Mennonites to Canada were operational by 1923. Johann Neufeld, of Neu-Osterwick, age 49, head cook. During that year, some three thousand emigrants left Russia. The DMH was Unfortunately the optimism with differences between north and south able to add over three hundred of its which the DMH and its friends began German Mennonite constituencies, but Lechfeld transients to the list. During the Lechfeld project was soon damp­ more immediately to personality February 1923, Studienkommission ened by several, as it turned out, un- clashes. Initially DMH appointed a members B. H. Unruh and A. J. Fast, solvable problems. Revolution and certain Horsch of the MHC as its anticipating that Canadian medical au­ civil war within the Russian Empire not Lechfeld administrator. In August thorities would disqualify some of the only generated Mennonite refugees, but 1921, the DMH minutes already re­ Russian Mennonites arriving in Latvia, Lutheran and Baptist ones as well. ported, “Horsch has done a good work, met in Berlin with the German minis­ Since Mennonites only represented but must keep us informed as to what ter for refugee aid. The minister as­ some ten percent of the Germans in is going on.”14 The crisis intensified sured them that medically unfit persons Russia, it was inevitable that they when it became obvious that Horsch would be granted a temporary resi­ would constitute a minority among the would not cooperate with the DMH, dence visa in Germany on the condi­ Russian Germans seeking asylum. By indeed demanded that Lechfeld be tion the DMH provide them accommo­ July 1921, some Baptist families were placed under MHC jurisdiction.15 Early dation at Lechfeld. Assured of Ameri­ requesting residence at Lechfeld.12 in 1922 he was replaced as Lechfeld can support, the DMH agreed to the Eventually the DMH and MHC ac­ administrator. The MHC-DMH tension arrangement.18 They were ill prepared quired a third partner, the Bund briefly re-emerged when discussions for what followed. Over 650 of some Deutscher Baptisten (Union of German relating to the termination of the 3000 emigrants were detained for Baptists). Before long, Baptists and Lechfeld project and the dissolution of medical reasons. Most eventually re­ Lutherans constituted the dominant the DMH began in the spring of 1925. joined their families in Canada, but the population in a project spearheaded by Horsch again demanded Lechfeld’s ju­ interim cost to their DMH hosts would Mennonites.13 The DMH remained in risdiction be transferred to be high. contractual obligation to the German Christenpflicht.16 Such action was both While DMH anticipated the neces­ government long after Lechfeld and its fiscally and legally untenable. On the sity of a transit camp since the spring other settlement projects ceased to one hand, there were large outstanding of 1922, they had thought only in terms serve its direct interests. government loans which demanded re­ of two or three hundred people. A spe­ Rather sadly, a second major prob­ negotiation; on the other, the Lechfeld cial section of Lechfeld was set aside lem involved jursidictional disputes contract was specifically between the as a Durchgangslager (transit camp) among the German Mennonites them­ Bavarian government and the DMH. and given the operational name Dulag. selves. The tensions related to historic The third major problem confronting They were ill prepared for the 658 refu-

14 MENNONITE LIFE gees who arrived at the camp between July 28 and August 19, 1923, most of whom were suffering from trachoma. Two German eye specialists were im­ mediately hired to treat the migrants. Since another medical inspection awaited the Canada-bound migrants in England, DMH officials invited En­ glish doctors to Lechfeld to speed up the medical processing. Both strate­ gies were successful. Except for a few cases of stubborn trachoma, most of the refugees were able to leave during 1924.19 Dulag was run by a special commit­ tee which assigned various camp tasks and was responsible for law and order. Regular worship services were held with the help of visiting or refugee ministers. Such as were able worked in agriculture or local industry. Planting potatoes at Lechfeld, 1922. Most families arriving at Lechfeld obtained two or three rooms in the tion. After the collapse of the German founded.27 As negotiations with the former barracks as well as a small land currency during the second half of government intensified, it became clear allocation for a vegetable garden. They 1923, the stability of the foreign cur­ that permanent title to the land was not were allowed to keep chickens, ducks, rencies contributed by DMH’s partners forthcoming, an action in part geese, pigs and even cows. This ar­ played a significant role in stabilizing prompted by illegal land exchanges rangement, combined with the actual its continued operation. among the settlers.28 Further discus­ farm operations themselves, ensured a sions early in 1923 persuaded minimum level of self-sufficiency. Mecklenburg Mecklenburg authorities to give perma­ Non-agricultural workers at Lechfeld nent title of the land to the DMH, an were employed in several small scale In articulating its operational policy, action which failed to satisfy the refu­ enterprises such as basket making, sew­ the DMH ruled out an extensive settle­ gees’ quest for permanence.29 By the ing, and even a brush making endeavor ment program in Germany from the end of 1924, all but one of the settlers which at times employed as many as very onset, justifiably arguing that nei­ had left for Canada.30 A long-term thirteen persons. Additional aid for ther lands nor adequate funds were settlement of Russian Mennonites in DMH came when Mennonite cotton available.23 It nevertheless committed Germany, it seemed, was not meant to factory owners in Gronau offered jobs itself to a limited settlement program be. In the end, the Mecklenburg project and housing to some of the refugees.20 when the German government offered with its massive infusion of effort, time, Eventually thirty-five Mennonite fami­ several permanent sites in the and money was little more than a hold­ lies were housed in company apart­ Mecklenburg region. After extensive ing operation, providing a livelihood ments while adult family members negotiations, the DMH, its confidence for refugees in transit. As the DMH were employed in the nearby facto­ bolstered by loans from west Prussian minutes expressed it, “We very much ries.21 and south German Mennonites, agreed regret this but nothing can be done to Lechfeld proved an amazing success to purchase two sites, Lockwisch and change the situation. We nevertheless in spite of difficulties associated with Westerbeck.24 Interest-free government feel that the purpose of our refugee pro­ the farm management, the availability loans to the settlers and generous re­ gram was accomplished.”31 of adequate farm machinery, and an payment terms added to the venture’s interim labor force. Gradually a land­ attractiveness. Nine to eleven Mennon­ Liebeskasse scape pocketed by deep craters was ite families were promised permanent transformed into productive grain settlement and eventual title to the Circumstances introduced another fields. The sound of firing artillery land.23 Unfortunately internal strife be­ item to the DMH agenda. Some Men­ gave way to the hum of three tractors tween the settlers and the DMH admin­ nonites fleeing revolution and civil war and a threshing machine.22 It never istrator erupted amid charges of unethi­ in Russia tried to escape via Poland, became economically self-sustaining, cal business practices.26 A special com­ only to be arrested and incarcerated by but did manage to significantly recover mission dispatched to Mecklenburg Polish authorities. Faced with the the expenses associated with its opera- found the accusations to be largely un­ threat of deportation to Russia, these

JUNE 1995 15 reached the DMH treasury. That money was used specifically to facili­ tate a children’s feeding program in the various schools, orphanages, and hos­ pitals for crippled children.37 Special kitchens open to all confessions were established in at least ten German cit­ ies and up to 900 children were fed.38

Reflections

The DMH story is a curious combi­ nation of the dramatic and the mun­ dane, of vision and shortsightedness, of cooperation and enmity. The orga­ nization emerged in response to human suffering and when the emergency passed, its useful life ended. There was little of the heroic either in its projects or the actions associated with the projects. Here was a willful and cal­ culated response to tragedy, a stubborn unfortunates appealed to the DMH. Books and Bibles persistence amid contrary circum­ The agency dispatched Victor Guenther stances. Long hours of bureaucratic ne­ to Poland twice during the first half of Another interim DMH effort involved gotiations, of private and collective ef­ 1922. He managed to rescue thirty-five the collection and distribution of Ger­ fort, produced initial triumphs and suc­ persons, but not without incurring high man schoolbooks to refugees in Ger­ cesses which in the end seemed little costs. Thanks to the efforts of a pastor many as well as the German-speaking more than failures. in Lemberg, safe accommodation was populations in the Russian Empire. Throughout its existence, the DMH found for all refugees, except for four The project, inaugurated late in 1921, encountered rapidly changing circum­ who were deported back to Russia. The generated widespread interest and par­ stances which were beyond its ability cost of housing the migrants, their ticipation.35 In September 1922, the to control or manipulate. The needs of eventual transport to Germany, and a DMH sent some 12,000 books and a few Russian Mennonite refugees soon Polish bureaucracy accustomed to brib­ other literature to the Germans in the became the needs of many. At first the ery raised the cost of this operation Ukraine. Unfortunately no further many had no place to go and so strenu­ beyond the agency’s ability to pay. The book shipments were possible as So­ ous efforts were made to build up an DMH decided to establish a special viet authorities refused to issue addi­ agricultural land base and appropriate fund, the so-called Liebeskasse, which tional entry permits. Somewhat later, farming inventory. Rather suddenly all specifically targeted the needs of these in response to a request from Russian- had a place to go and a carefully Polish refugees.32 speaking churches, the DMH collected planned large-scale farm at Lechfeld When an All-Mennonite Conference some 4,000 Bibles which, bureaucratic became little more than a transient met in Oberursel on June 28, 1922, rep­ obstacles notwithstanding, finally camp. In less than four weeks, orderly resentatives from Holland, Switzer­ reached their destination.36 plans for anticipated medical rejects land, Germany, Russia and North among the Canada bound migrants of America approved the fund. The Children’s Work 1923 turned into a medical emergency Liebeskasse eventually facilitated the involving over 650 ailing people. The rescue of sixty Russian Mennonites, After a sequence of refugee crises had DMH agenda, it seemed, was always most of whom immigrated to Canada.33 passed, the DMH found itself active in unpredictable. A few refugee malcon­ The overall success of the project was a rather unexpected role. American tents, who should have been thankful in no small part due to the generosity Mennonite relief workers visiting to survive the Russian holocaust, en­ of the Dutch Algemeene Commissie Lechfeld witnessed the catastrophic sured a steady drain of resources and voor Buitenlandsche Nooden (General effect of the German monetary infla­ energy from an already overextended Committee for Foreign Emergencies) tion upon both refugee and German relief agency. Then too there was little which double-matched all funds raised children. Through the Mennonite in post-World War I Germany that en­ in Germany.34 press, H. P. Krehbiel informed his couraged risky enterprises or ambitious American constituency of the emer­ ventures, yet the DMH did just that. gency. Several thousand dollars soon Shortly after it committed itself to

16 MENNONITE LIFE broad ranging relief operations and major government contracts, the Ger­ man currency collapsed. Objectively viewed, few of its projects turned out as originally planned. The DMH records, especially the detailed minutes of its many meetings, at once reflect its precarious tenure and frustrations as well as its sense of per­ sistence and optimism. Amid the grow­ ing complexity of its mandate and the constant shifting of its programs and priorities, there was always the abid­ ing conviction that they were doing what the Gospel demanded. The docu­ ments reflect a constant reaffirmation of hope in spite of the internal strife between relief agencies and the ten­ sions generated by obstinate personali­ ties. Even in the later 1920s when suc­ Lockwisch settlement, Mecklenburg, June 2, 1921 cessive meetings systematically planned the demise of the agency, there takenly dated his first set of minutes 1921. ‘«See A. A. Friesen Papers (Mennonite Library remained the abiding confidence that 2Ibid., p. 3. and Archives, Bethel College, North Newton, they had fed the hungry and given drink -’“Bericht lieber die Taetigkeit der Deutschen Kansas), B. H. Unruh to B. B. Janz, February 16, to the thirsty. In some instances they Mennoniten-Hilfe,” October 31, 1922 (DMH 1923; B. H. Unruh to B. B. Janz, March 23, 1923; had stood by their suffering co-religion­ Files, Weierhof Archives). Copies of B. H. Unruh to B. B. Janz, May 4, 1923. Heimatgruesse have been preserved in the DMH l9“Die Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe,” (DMH ists for weeks, months or even years. files. Files, Weierhof Archives), pp. 18-21. When the rescue was complete they 4“Bericht ueber die Taetigkeit der Deutschen ’"Protokoll No. 10 (September 12, 1921), p. were content to fold their tents. Mennoniten-Hilfe,” October 31, 1922 (DMH 130; Protokoll No. 13 (January 5, 1922), p. 146. The DMH could boast another Files, Weierhof Archive); Protokoll No. 4 (Feb­ ’'Protokoll No. 24 (October 19, 1922), p. 233. ruary 17, 1921), p. 56. ’’Protokoll No. 26 (November 6, 1922), p. 258. achievement. During the early 1920s ’See Arthur E. Adams, Bolsheviks in the ’’Protokoll No. 2 (January 4, 5, 1921), p. 24ff. it generated an era of unprecedented Ukraine (New Haven: Yale University Press, 24Protokoll No. 3 (January 25,1921), p. 45; No. cooperation among European Mennon- 1963), 3-24. 5 (April 8, 1921), p. 83; No. 10 (September 12, ites and between the Mennonites in 6On B. H. Unruh, see John B. Toews, “Die 1921), p. 130; No. 11 (November 12, 1921), pp. Taetigkeit Benjamin Heinrich Unruhs waehrend 133-134. Germany. Differences stemming from der Auswanderung aus Russland in den Jahren ’’Protokoll No. 12 (November 29, 1921), pp. language and nationality, geographic 1919-1923,” Mennonitische Geschichtsblaetter 136-138. distance or long-standing theological XXVI (1969), pp. 29-43. ’"Protokoll No. 19 (July 17, 1922), p. 217. quarrels were eroded by the magnitude 7See M. B. Fast, Geschichtlicher Bericht wie die ’’Protokoll No. 20 (August 4, 1922), pp. 219- Mennoniten Nordamerikas ihren armen 220. of the Russian catastrophe. As the min­ Glaubensgenossen in Russland geholfen haben ’«Protokoll No. 26 (November 6, 1922), pp. utes of June 28, 1922, expressed it: (Reedley, Calif., 1919). 251-257. It is a unique event in the story of our «Protokoll No. 5 (April 8, 1921), pp. 76-82. ’"Protokoll No. 30 (February 20, 1923), p. 18; people that representatives from all lands ‘’Protokoll No. 6 (May 18, 1921), pp. 88-92. No. 31 (March 2, 1923), pp. 21-22. came together and unitedly worked at a com­ "'Protokoll No. 8 (July 18, 1921), p. 110. ’«Protokoll No. 41 (December 4, 1924), p. 128. mon task. May this beginning make the de­ "Protokoll No. 11 (November 12, 1921), p. 133. ’'Ibid. sired headway and successfully attain its '’Protokoll No. 8 (July 18, 1921), p. 114. ’’Protokoll No. 18 (June 28, 1922), pp. 187- objective. We Mennonites who were sepa­ 13In early November 1922, Lechfeld housed 188; 194-196. rated for centuries have now directed our 160 Mennonites, 167 Baptists and some 45 ’’Protokoll No. 32 (May 3, 1923), pp. 41-42. energies for the well-being of our people and Lutherans and Orthodox. Protokoll No. 26 (No­ 34“Die Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe,” (DMH all humanity.39 vember 6, 1922), p. 259. Near the end of 1923, Files, Weierhof Archives), pp. 16-17. there were 174 Baptists, 53 Lutherans, and 31 ’’Protokoll No. 12 (November 29, 1921), p. Mennonites. Protokoll 36 (December 3, 1923), 137. ENDNOTES Book II, p. 75. ’"“Die Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe,” (DMH l4Protokoll No. 9 (August 18, 1921), p. 123. Files, Weierhof Archives), pp. 14-15; Protokoll 1 Much of the information in this study is de­ '’Protokoll No. 12 (November 29, 1921), pp. No. 43 (March 31, 1925), Book II, pp. 143-144. rived from the rather detailed minutes of the or­ 140-141. 37“Die Deutsche Mennoniten-Hilfe,” (DMH ganization from November 22, 1920 to Septem­ 16Protokoll No. 43 (March 31, 1925), Book III, Files, Weierhof Archives), pp. 21-22. ber 15, 1932. I want to thank Mennonitische pp. 6-14; see also “Die Vertreter der Mennoniten ’«Protokoll No. 43 (March 31, 1925), Book II, Forschungsstelle, Weierhof, for permission to im Lager Lechfeld an die MFF,” June 1, 1921 pp. 143-144. copy this and related material during my stay there (DMH Files, Weierhof Archives). ’"Protokoll No. 18 (June 28, 1922), p. 201. in the fall of 1968. Protokoll No. 1 (November 17See Protokoll No. 26 (November 6, 1922), p. 22, 1920), pp. 1-2. The recording secretary mis­ 258.

JUNE 1995 17 Radical Reformation and Mennonite Bibliography, 1994

Compiled by Barbara Thiesen, Mennonite Library & Archives, Bethel College (MLA)

Assisted by Harold E. Huber, Menno Simons Historical Library/Archives, Eastern Mennonite University (EMU); Kevin Enns-Rempel, Center for Mennonite Brethren Studies, Fresno Pacific College (FRE); Paul Friesen, Mennonite Heritage Centre and Canadian Mennonite Bible College (MHC); Ina Ruth Breckbill, Mennonite Historical Library, Goshen College (MHL).

1994 Layman, Moyer, Huff, & others across New PA: Kishacoquillas Valley Historical Society, York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee, Mis­ 1994. Pp. 67. EMU. 127 sins in the New Testament. Holmes County: souri, Arkansas, and four centuries. Edinburg, Bontrager, G. Edwin. Following in the footsteps Marvin Wengerd, 1994. Pp. 14. MHL. VA: Shenandoah History, 1994. Pp. 312. EMU, o f Paul. Scottdale: Mennonite Publishing Abrahams, Ilona Schmidt. The Jacob Abrahams MHL. House, 1994. Pp. 136. MHL. genealogy, 1851-1993. [Newton: Author, 1994] Bauman, Lester. The true Christian. Crockett, KY: ______. Following in the footsteps o f Paul: Pp. 108. MLA. Rod & Staff, 1994. Pp. 237. EMU, MHL. leaders guide. Scottdale: Mennonite Publish­ African tales. Akron: MCC, 1994. 1 video. MHL. Baxter, Angus. In search o f your German roots: ing House, 1994. Pp. 236. MHL. Akerboom, Jack and Anna Ruth Salzman. The a complete guide to tracing your ancestors in Bontrager, Martha. Busy bees. Walnut Creek, OH: descendants of Peter and Sophia (Lauer) Ruth. the Germanic areas of Europe. 3rd ed. Balti­ Carlisle Printing, 1994. Pp. 150. MHL. Elverson, PA: Mennonite Family History, 1994. more: Genealogical Pub., 1994. Pp. 114. MLA. Borntrager, Mary Christner. Polly. Scottdale: Her­ Pp. 993. MLA. Beck, Bill. Cowboy memories : published in ald, 1994. Pp. 144. FRE, MHL, MLA. Ames, Stanley R. How to write and publish your honor o f the seagoing cowboys, air attendants, Braiding hearts and hands: a poetry and dramatic family histoiy using WordPerfect DOS versions and truckers of HPI animals, on the fiftieth an­ arts anthology. Kathleen Hull and Wendy 5.1 and 6.0. Interlaken, NY: Heart of the Lakes, niversary of Heifer Project International, 1944- Kroeker, eds. Winnipeg: MCC Canada, 1994. 1994. Pp. 159. MHL. 1994. [S.I.: s.n„ 1994] Pp. 181. MHC. Pp. 113. FRE. The Amish struggle with modernity. Donald B. Beiler, David. Eine Betrachtung über den Berg Brandt, Bruce and Edward R. Brandt. Where to Kraybill and Marc A. Olshan, eds. Hanover: Predig Christi und über den Ebräer; das 11 look for hard-to-find German-speaking ances­ Univ. Press of New England, 1994. Pp. 304. Cap. [Gordonville, PA?]: David Z. Esch, Jr., tors in Eastern Europe. 2nd ed. Baltimore: EMU, FRE, MHL. MLA. 1994. Pp. 125. EMU, MHL. Genealogical Pub. Co., 1994. Pp. 122. MLA. Anabaptist deaf ministries library list. Riverdale, Bell, Albert A. A guide to the New Testament Branum, Ethelyn Fern. Bachman geneology [sic]. MD: Anabaptist Deaf Ministries, [1994]. Pp. 29. world. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 324. MHL, [Newton: Author, 1994]. Pp. 144. MLA. EMU. MLA. Brunk, Teresa. Sewing for conservative men. Anabaptist letters from 1635 to 1645: translated Bellafiore, Sharyn. Amos and Abraham. Inter­ Harrisonburg, VA: Christian Light, 1994. Pp. from the Ausbund. 5th rev. ed. John E. course: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 32. EMU, MLA. 111. EMU, MHL. Kauffman, tr. Atglen, PA: Martha K. Coffman, Bender, Carrie. A joyous heart. (Miriam’s jour­ Brussee-van der Zee, Lies. De smalle weg van 1994. Pp. 29. MHL, MLA. nal; 3) Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 168. FRE, Israel en de gemeente: Bibeluitleg voor Anabaptist/Mennonite faith and economics. MHL, MLA. doopsgezinden. Amsterdam: Doops. Sem. vd Calvin Redekop ... [et al.], eds. Lanham, MD: ______. A winding path. (Miriam’s journal; 2) ADS, 1994. Pp. 135. EMU. Univ. Press of America, 1994. Pp. 428. EMU, Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 160. FRE, MHL, Bueren, Truus van. Karel van Mander en de FRE, MHL, MLA. MLA. Haarlemse schilderkunst. ‘s-Gravenhage/ Anderson, Richard C. Peace was in their hearts: Bender, Esther. Katie and the lemon tree. Utrecht: Sdu/Openbaar kunstbezit, 1994. 1 v. conscientious objectors in World War II. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 95. FRE, MHL, EMU. Watsonville, CA: Correlan, 1994. Pp. 318. MLA. Burgert, Annette K. Brethren from Gimbsheim in EMU, MLA. Benner, Cheryl. An Amish farm coloring book. the Palatinate to Ephrata and Bermudian in Andrews, George W. Descendants of Johannes Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. 1 v. FRE, EMU. Pennsylvania. Myerstown, PA: AKB Pubs., and Catharine Thomas o f Frederick County, ______. An Amish quilt coloring book. Inter­ 1994. Pp. 37. MHL, MLA. Maryland. Akron: Author, 1994. Pp. 42. MHL. course: Good Bks., 1994. 1 v. EMU. Burnett, Amy Nelson. The yoke of Christ: Martin Arnold, Heini. Discipleship. Farmington, PA: Bergen, Peter. Sommerfeld Village. Altona, MB: Bucer and Christian discipline. (16th century Plough, 1994. Pp. 282. EMU, MLA. Friesen Printers, 1994. Pp. 120. MHC, MLA. essays & studies; 26) Kirksville, MO: 16th Cen­ Augsburger, Myron and Esther Augsburger. How Bird, Phyllis A. Feminism and the Bible : a criti­ tury Journal, 1994. Pp. 244. MLA. to be a Christ shaped family. Wheaton: Victor cal and constructive encounter. Winnipeg: Bushfield, Deborah and James Bushfield. Things Bks„ 1994. Pp. 195. MHL. CMBC, 1994. Pp. 87. MHC. they never taught you in seminary. Scottdale: Backward glance. Ft. Wayne: Missionary Church, Block, Kevin James. Without shedding blood. Herald, 1994. Pp. 160. MHL, MLA. 1994. 1 video. MHL. Winnipeg: Windflower, 1994. Pp. 185. FRE, Cambridge encyclopedia of Russia and the former Bartel, Siegfried. Living with conviction: German MLA. Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. army captain turns to cultivating peace. Body of dissent: lesbian and gay Mennonites and Press, 1994. Pp. 604. MLA. Winnipeg: CMBC, 1994. Pp. 210. FRE, MHC, Brethren continue the journey. Toronto: Bridge Camp, Cathryn. Family tree: update o f Emile MLA. Video Productions, 1994. 1 video + study guide. Kinsinger’s histoiy of John and Anna Garber Baughman, J. Ross. Haiyest time: being several EMU, FRE, MLA. Nafziger. [S.I.: s.n., 1994], Pp. 45. MHL. essays on the histoiy of the Swiss, German, & Bonson, James and Vivian Bonson... [et al]. Penn­ Canadian Mennonites and the challenge o f na­ Dutch folk in early America named Baughman, sylvania folk art of Samuel L. Plank. Allensville, tionalism. Abe J. Dueck, ed. Winnipeg:

18 MENNONITE LIFE Manitoba Mennonite Historical Society, 1994. Doell, Leonard. Mennonite Mutual Fire Insurance Eykerman, Roger. Sexualite et manage: approche Pp. 207. EMU, FRE, MHC, MLA. Company of Saskatchewan: a history 100 years ethique et medicate (3) (Cahiers de Christ Seul; Charles. J. Robert. Mennonite international 1894-1994. [S.I.: s.n., 1994], Pp. 72. MHC. 1994/1) Montbeliard: Christ Seul, 1994. Pp. 90. peacemaking during and after the Cold War. Drescher, John M. If I were starting my family EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. (MCC occasional paper; 21) [Akron]: MCC, again. Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 57. Fehr, Norman H. Homeward bound and family 1994. Pp. 35. EMU, MHL, MLA. MHL, MLA. bound. Armstrong, BC: Author, 1994. Pp. 246. Chretien et service: La diaconie - n° 1. (Cahier Drescher-Lehman, Sandra. Meditations for new MHL. de Christ Seul; 1994/3) Montbeliard: Christ moms. Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 302. Fernando, Kathleen. Journeys: a collection of Seul, 1994. Pp. 86. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. EMU, MLA. short stories and poems. Goshen: Pinchpenny, Chretien et service: La diaconie - n° 2. (Cahier Driedger, Leo and Donald B. Kraybill. Mennon­ 1994. Pp. 73. MHL. de Christ Seul; 1994/4) Montbeliard: Christ ite peacemaking: from quietism to activism. Fitzgerald, Daniel C. Faded dreams: more ghost Seul, 1994. Pp. 107. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 344. FRE, MHC, towns of Kansas. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Christenpflicht. Fredericksburg, OH: A.C. Sales, MHL, MLA. Kansas, 1994. Pp. 318. MLA. 1994. Pp. 251. MHL. A Dry roof and a cow: dreams and portraits of Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Stalin ’s peasants: resistance Church book of the Mennonite congregation at our neighbours. Howard Zehr and Charmayne and survival in the Russian village after col­ Deutsch Kazun: records o f baptized youth from Denlinger Brubaker, eds. Akron: MCC, 1994. lectivization. New York: Oxford, 1994. Pp. 386. the year 1834 until time in the future. St. Pp. 152. EMU, FRE, MLA. MLA. Catharines, ON: Arnold M. Schroeder, 1994. 1 Duerksen, Carol. Sex: God’s great idea. Scottdale: Flowing toward the future. Salunga, PA: Eastern v. MLA. Mennonite Publishing House, 1994. Pp. 64. Mennonite Missions, 1994. 1 video. EMU, The Church's peace witness. Marlin Miller and MHL. MHL, MLA. Barbara Nelson Gingerich, eds. Grand Rapids: Dyck, Peter J. Storytime jamboree. Scottdale: Foss, Rich. Jonas and Sally: a novel. Intercourse: Eerdmans, 1994. Pp. 228. FRE. Herald, 1994. Pp. 184. FRE, MHL, MLA. Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 332. EMU. Coblentz, John and Merna Shank. Proclaiming Early Anabaptist spirituality: selected writings. Franz Froese (1825-1913) and Anna Braun God’s truth: the first 25 years at Christian Light Daniel Liechty, ed. New York: Paulist, 1994. (1844-1908) family register. Rosenort, MB: Publications, 1969-1994. Harrisonburg, VA: Pp. 304. EMU, MHL. MLA. Prairie View, 1994. Pp. 320. MHC, MHL, MLA. Christian Light, 1994. Pp. 177. EMU, MLA. Earnest, Corinne Pattie and Beverly Repass Hoch. Franz, Gilbert W. The family trees of the Peter Confession o f faith. Aylmer, ON: Pathway, 1994. German-American family records in thefraktur Hiebert-Katherina Nachtigal Voth-Anna Pp. 43. MHL. tradition: volume III: Birth and baptism cer­ Pankratz family and the Heinrich Goertz-Eva Constitution and Bill of Incorporation of the tificates and Bible records from a private col­ Janzen family, with historical background. Evangelical Mennonite Conference. Steinbach, lection. Damascus, MD: Russell D. Earnest [Fresno]: Author, 1994. 1 v. FRE, MLA. MB: The Conference, 1994. Pp. 48. MHL. Assoc., 1994. Pp. 320. MHL, MLA. Fraser, Elouise Renich and Louis A. Kilgore. Creation: in the beginning, God— ministers di­ Educational coloring book on Holmes County, Making friends with the Bible. Scottdale: Her­ rectory: April 5-7, 1994 Messiah Fellowship, Ohio. John R. Phillips, ed. Millersburg, OH: ald, 1994. Pp. 167. MHL, MLA. Berlin, OH. Sugarcreek, OH: Carlisle Printing, Buckeye, 1994. Pp. 48. MHL. Friesen, Abraham. History and renewal in the Walnut Creek, 1994. Pp. 20. MHL. Eicher, Lovina. Amos and Leah Gräber family Anabaptist/Mennonite tradition. (Cornelius H. Cross, Marie and Pat Hochstedler. Family record record. [S.l.]: Author, 1994. Pp. 32. MHL. Wedel historical series; 7) North Newton: of George Cross and Fannie Eash and their Eighteenth century register of emigrants from Bethel College, 1994. Pp. 155. EMU, FRE, descendents. Goshen: Authors, 1994. Pp. 112. southwest Germany (to America and other MHL, MLA. MHL. countries). Werner Hacker, ed. Apollo, PA: Friesen, Bert. John Schoenfeld and Anne Ens Culto: adoracion a Diosy compromiso humano. Closson, 1994. Pp. 516. MHL, MLA. Schoenfeld. Faith-love-hope: Schoenfeld-Ens. (Esperanza en Camino version popular; 4) Enninger, Werner. Die sprachliche Enklave als Winnipeg: Dunvegan, 1994. Pp. 221. MHC, Guatemala City: Esperanza en Camino, 1994. Kontext für Sprachwechsel. Essen: Benedikt MLA. Pp. 34. EMU. Jessing, 1994. Pp. 43. MHL. Friesen, C.T. Johann “Hans” Ediger, 1775-1994. Cutman, Marie E. A little bit o f love: Ada & Ida Epp, Marlene. Mennonites in Ontario. Waterloo: Houston: Author, 1994. Pp. 746. FRE, MLA. Stoltzfus in India: three years of relief work. Mennonite Historical Society of Ontario, 1994. Friesen, Dietrich and Margaret Friesen. The di- Morgantown, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 199. EMU, Pp. 43. FRE, MHL. ary of Dick and Margaret from 1911 to 1932: a FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. Epperly, Kenneth and Gene Alley. Kay County daily account of two Friesen families in transi­ Davis, Melodie M. Why didn't I just raise rad­ kinfolk. Wyandotte, OK: Gregath Publishing, tion. Prairie Village, KS: Stanley R. Friesen, ishes?: finding God in the everyday. Scottdale: 1994. Pp. 98. MLA. 1994. 1 v. MLA. Herald, 1994. Pp. 166. MHL, MLA. Erickson, Carolly. Great Catherine: the life of Friesen, John. Against the wind: the story of four A Day in the life o f the Amish. Greendale, WI: Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia. New Mennonite villages (Gnadental, Gruenfeld, Reiman Pub., 1994. Pp. 98. EMU, MHL, MLA. York: Crown, 1994. Pp. 392. MLA. Neu-Chortitza, and Steinfeld) in the southern Detweiler, Gideon D. Carroll County Amish di­ Die ernsthafte Christenpflicht enthaltend schöne Ukraine, 1872-1943. Winnipeg: Henderson rectory, 1994. Carrollton, OH: Author, 1994. Pp. geistreiche Gebete, womit sich fromme Bks., 1994. Pp. 165. FRE, MHC, MLA. 15. MHL. Christenherzen zu allen Zeiten und in allen From Bern, Switzerland to Kidron and Bluffton, Dilly, Barbara Jane. A comparative study of reli­ Nöten trösten können. Aylmer, ON: Pathway, Ohio: Anabaptist documents. Andrea Boldt, gious resistance to erosion o f the soil and the 1994. Pp. 269. EMU, MHL. MLA. Werner Enninger, Delbert Gratz, eds. Essen: soul among three farming communities in Die ersten mennonitischen Einwanderer in Para­ Boldt & Enninger, [1994] Pp. 69. EMU, MHL. northeast Iowa. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Univ. of Ca­ guay. Abram B. Giesbrecht, ed. Loma Plata: Die Gascho, Joseph A. and Susan L. Gascho. lif., Irvine, 1994. 1 microfilm. MHL. Verwaltung der Kolonie Menno, 1994. 1 v. FRE. Landisville Mennonite cemeteiy: gravestone Directory o f Civilian Public Sendee; May 1941 Eshleman, Grace. Rissler: Jacob 1838 to 1906 transcriptions and parentages. Lancaster: Au­ to March 1947. Rev. & updated through Dec. and Esther Sensenich Weber 1843 to 1891 fam ­ thors, 1994. Pp. 286. EMU. 1993. Washington, DC: NISBCO, 1994. Pp. ily and descendants. Lancaster: Author, 1994. Geddert, Tim. Gott hat ein Zuhause: biblische 267. EMU. Pp. 216. MHL. Reden zum Thema Gemeinde. Weisenheim am Directory o f Civilian Public Service: May 1941 Essays in Anabaptist theology. H. Wayne Pipkin, Berg: Agape, 1994. Pp. 220. FRE. to March 1947. Rev. & updated through June ed. (Text reader series; 5) Elkhart: Institute of Geertz, Armin W. The invention of prophecy: con­ 1994. Washington, DC: NISBCO, 1994. 1 v. Mennonite Studies, 1994. Pp. 271. EMU, MHL, tinuity and meaning in Hopi Indian religion. MLA. MLA. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif., 1994. Pp. 490. MLA. Directory Vietnamese pastors and Christian work­ Exposition 15: a collection of student essays. Gehman, Wayne T. Focus: telling stories with a ers overseas. Monrovia, CA: World Vision, Rachel Hostetler, ed. Goshen: Pinchpenny, video camera. Harrisonburg, VA: Mennonite 1994. Pp. 70. MLA. 1994. Pp. 102. MHL. Media Productions, 1994. Pp. 23. MHL.

JUNE 1995 19 Geiser, Betty Lou. Historical sketches of Kidron land, 1994. Pp. 759. MHL. of the Hertzler-Hartzler family. Elverson, PA: businesses. Kidron, OH: Kidron Community Guenther, Robert G. Passionate possessions of Olde Springfield Shoppe, 1994. Pp. 36. MHL. Historical Society, 1994. Pp. 108. MHL. faith: the Jacob Guenther family 1725-1994. Hoekema, Alle Gabe. Denken in dynamisch Gerbrandt, Henry J. Enroute— Hinjawäajis: the Honolulu: Author, 1994. Pp. 308. FRE, MHC, evenwicht: de wordingsgeschiedenis van de memoirs of Henry J. Gerbrandt. Winnipeg: MHL, MLA. nationale protestantse theologie in Indonesie CMBC, 1994. Pp. 314. FRE, MHC, MLA. Gugel, Lois Swartzendruber. Cemetery directory (ca. 1860-1960). Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum, Gesangbuch treasures: hymns of the 1804 of Amish and Mennonites in Iowa, Johnson and 1994. Pp. 350. EMU. Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch. Leola, PA: Har­ Washington counties of Iowa: Supplement Hoffmann, Manfred. Rhetoric and theology: the monies Workshop, 1994. 1 cassette. EMU, 1972-1993. Kalona: Mennonite Historical So­ hermeneutic of Erasmus. Toronto: Univ. of MHL. ciety of Iowa, 1994. Pp. 146. MHL. Toronto, 1994. Pp. 306. MLA. Gillman, Harvey. Spiritual hospitality: a Quaker’s Habegger, David L. The Hirschy genealogy: the Homan, Gerlof D. American Mennonites and the understanding of outreach. (Pendle Hill pam­ descendants of Philip Hirschy (1787-1831) and Great War, 1914-1918. (Studies in Anabaptist phlet; 314) Wallingford, PA: Pendle Hill, 1994. Julianna Frey (1795-1839). Fort Wayne: Au­ and Mennonite history; 34) Scottdale: Herald, Pp. 31. MHL, MLA. thor, 1994. Pp. 530. MHL, MLA. 1994. Pp. 237. FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. Gingerich, James Nelson and Matthew Lind. The ______. The Lehman families of Langnau, Hoover, Joanne and Kenneth Hoover. Hoover- Harmonia Sacra handbook: a compilation of Switzerland. Elverson, PA: Olde Springfield three generations: from Washington Co., Md. genuine information. Comprising a great vari­ Shoppe, 1994. Pp. 45. EMU, MHL, MLA. to Rockingham Co., Va. Westfield, NJ: Authors, ety of tedious and tasteless details, gathered for Hall. Eddy. Youth against the flow. Scottdale: 1994. Pp. 30. EMU. the 25th edition: together with a copious docu­ Mennonite Publishing House, 1994. 1 v. MHL. Hoover, Titus B. Three baptisms: fire, water and mentation of authors, composers and sources. Hamilton, Alastair, Voolstra Visser and Piet Visser. suffering. [Port Trevorton, PA]: Author, 1994. Exemplified with dates and cross-references, in From martyr to tnuppy. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Pp. 11. MHL. a plain and comprehensive manner. Goshen: Univ. Press, 1994. Pp. 243. EMU. FRE, MHL, Horst, C. Jean. The heart o f roses quilt. Inter­ Authors, 1994. Pp. 131. EMU, MHL. MLA. course: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 96. MHL, MLA. Glick, Aaron S. The fortunate years: cm Amish Handbook for congregational leaders. Goshen: Horst, Carmen Susana. Like the cicada - como life. Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 251. Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference, la cigarra. Goshen: Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 36. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. 1994. 1 v. MHL. MHL. Goering, Elmer H. Chronicle III: a history of the Harms, Kelly G. I. Grace upon grace : a history Horst, Carmen and Wanda Kraybill. A whistle over­ First Mennonite Church of Christian, of the Mennonite Nursing Horne of Rosthern. tire water: a broadside sampler. Goshen: Moundridge, Kansas. [Moundridge: Author], [S.1.]: Mennonite Nursing Homes, 1994. Pp. Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 101. EMU, MHL. 1994. Pp. 96. MLA. 196. MHC. Horst, Leona J. Birthday and wedding anniver­ Goertz, Reuben. Princes, potentates, and plain Hatcher, Patricia Law and John V. Wylie. Index­ sary calendar of the Washington-Franklin Men­ people: the saga of the Germans from Russia. ing family histories: simple steps for a quality nonite Conference: complete as of March 15, (Prairie plains series; 3) Sioux Falls, SD: Cen­ product. Arlington, VA: National Genealogical 1987. Waynesboro, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 96. ter for Western Studies, 1994. Pp. 232. EMU. Society, 1994. Pp. 22. MLA. EMU, MHL. Good, Janis. Summer o f the lost limb. Mt. Solon, Hayama Missionary Seminal'. A.D. 2000 and be­ Horst, Rebecca Bontrager. Goshen College: a VA: Christian Recollections, 1994. Pp. 111. yond: Christian education and mission. Mis­ pictorial history, 1894-1994. Goshen: Goshen EMU, MHL. sionary survival before A.D. 2000. Two semi­ College, 1994. Pp. 108. EMU, FRE, MHL. Good, Kenneth G. Healthy families, a healthy nars: Innovative strategies; Contextualizing the Hostetler, Marian. A name for our organization. church: what families are the church is. Gospel. Russel Sawatsky, ed. Tokyo: Tokyo Elkhart: WMSC, 1994. Pp. 4. MHL. Harrisonburg, VA: Author, 1994. Pp. 99. EMU, Mission Research Institute, 1994. Pp. 96. EMU, ______. We knew Jesus. Scottdale: Herald, MHL, MLA. MLA. 1994. Pp. 159. MHL. Good, Merle. Going places: a play. Intercourse: He is our peace: meditations on Christian non­ Hunsberger, Arthur G. Analysis of the draft of the Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 93. EMU. violence. Emmy Barth, ed. Farmington, PA: Confession of faith in a Mennonite perspective. Good, Phyllis Pellman. An Amish table. Inter­ Plough, 1994. Pp. 170. EMU, MHL, MLA. Meadville, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 27. MHL. course: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 48. EMU. Heath, Harriet. Answering that of God in our chil­ Ich kann Pennsylvania deitsh laysa: a self-teach­ ______. The festival cookbook: four seasons dren. (Pendle Hill pamphlet; 315) Wallingford, ing primer. [Sugar Creek, OHJ: Committee for of favorites. Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. PA: Pendle Hill, 1994. Pp. 39. MLA. Translation, 1994. Pp. 18. EMU. 287. MLA. Hege, Evelyn. More than gold. Crockett, KY: Rod Index to Genealogical records of Reverend Hans Goossen, Edna Ensz and Marjorie Jantzen Shoe­ & Staff, 1994. Pp. 204. EMU, MHL. Herr and his direct lineal descendants. maker. The Gerhard Ensz genealogy and fam­ Heinrichs, Gerald B. A brief history of the Elverson, PA: Olde Springfield Shoppe, 1994. ily history. [North Newton: Authors], 1994. 1 Heinrichs family. Regina, SK: Author, 1994. Pp. Pp. 125. MHL, MLA. v. MLA. 38. MHC, MLA. Isaak, Sally Schroeder. Some seed fell on good Goossen, Walfried. Anabaptism: a dying candle Heisey, John W. Pennsylvania genealogical li­ ground. Winnipeg: Henderson Bks., 1994. Pp. in a darkening world. Winnipeg: Henderson brary guide. Elverson, PA: Olde Springfield 120. FRE, MLA. Bks., 1994. Pp. 80. FRE, MLA. Shoppe, 1994. Pp. 73. MLA. J. P. van den Tol. The Mennonites: a collection of Goshen College, 1894-1994, alumni directory, Henry, Roy Wilson. Wayside revelations. New­ books on Anabaptism, Mennonitica & related 1994, centennial edition. Goshen: Alumni Re­ ton: Wordsworth, 1994. Pp. 141. MLA. subjects. Dordrecht: J. P. van den Tol, [1994]. lations, 1994. Pp. 556. EMU, MHL. Herr, Theodore W. Genealogical record o f Rev­ Pp. 31. EMU. Gräber Miller, Keith. Wise as serpents, innocent erend Hans Herrand his direct lineal descend­ Janzen, Waldemar. Old Testament ethics: a para­ as doves: American Mennonites engage Wash­ ants, from his birth A.D. 1639 to the present digmatic approach. Louisville, KY: ington. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Emory Univ., 1994. Pp. time containing the names, etc., o f 13223 per­ Westminster/John Knox, 1994. Pp. 236. EMU, 593. FRE, MHL, MLA. sons. 3rd ed., with corrections and supplemen­ MHC, MLA. Gratz, Delbert L. Bernese Anabaptists and their tal data by Phillip E. Bedient. Lancaster: Jesus-Christ notre paix. (Cahiers de Christ Seul; American descendants. Reissue. Elverson, PA: Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, 1994. 1994/2) Montbeliard: Christ Seul, 1994. Pp. 95. Olde Springfield Shoppe, 1994. Pp. 219. EMU. Pp. 800. MHL. EMU, MHL, MLA. Groff, Ruth R. Echoes from my heart. Crockett, Hershberger Ben A. Troutville directory: migra­ Johnson, Keith A. and Malcolm R. Sainty. Ge­ KY: Rod & Staff, 1994. Pp. 190. EMU, MHL. tions and history of Troutville, Pa. nealogical research directory, national & in­ Gross, Suzanne E. Hynmody of eastern Pennsyl­ Punxsutawney, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 64. EMU. ternational. North Sydney, NSW: Authors, vania German Mennonite communities: Hershberger, Susan. Teacher’s favorites song 1994. Pp. 1136. MHL. Notenbüchlein (manuscript songbooks) from book. Baltic, OH: Author, 1994. Pp. 62. MHL. Joris, David. The Anabaptist writings o f David 1780 to 1835. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Univ. of Mary­ Hertzler, Leon E. History of the annual reunions Joris, 1535-1543. Waterloo: Herald, 1994. Pp.

20 MENNONITE LIFE 345. MHC, MHL, MLA. Pp. 39. MHL, MLA. Elverson, PA: Mennonite Family History, 1994. Journeys with God: at the crossroads. Rose M. Liechty, Jeanne M. The influence of community Pp. 35. EMU, MHL, MLA. Stutzman and Nancy Nussbuam, eds. Scottdale: upon the development o f self: an exploratory Miller, D. New Order Amish directory. Mennonite Publishing House, 1994. Pp. 174. study of Mennonite women. Thesis (M.S.W.)— Millersburg, OH: Author, 1994. Pp. 106. MHL. MHL. Smith College, 1994. Pp. 78. MHL. Miller, Lester. Boys and girls of the Bible color­ Juhnke, James C. Creative crusader: Edmund G. Lind, Katie Yoder. From hazelbrush to cornfields: ing book. Crockett, KY: Rod & Staff, 1994. 1 Kaufman and Mennonite community. the first one hundred years of the Amish-Men- v. EMU, MHL. (Cornelius H. Wedel historical series; 8) North nonites in Johnson, Washington and Iowa coun­ Miller, Lydia Ann. John D. Hoclistetler and Newton: Bethel College, 1994. Pp. 298. EMU, ties o f Iowa, 1846-1945. Kalona: Mennonite Jemima Detweiler family history, 1904-1994. FRE, MHL, MLA. Historical Society of Iowa, 1994. Pp. 755. Millersburg, OH: Author, 1994. Pp. 74. MHL. Kahn, Edythe T. Jacob and Sara WolfLotz: their EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Miller, Melissa A. Family violence: the compas­ ancestry and descendants, 1760 to 1994. Linder, Linda. Joseph Conrad genealogy, 1821- sionate church responds. Waterloo: Herald, LaSalle, MI: Author, 1994. Pp. 439. MHL. 1994. Alliance, OH: Author, 1994. Pp. 114. 1994. Pp. 180. MHL, MLA. King, Terri Michele. Survival analysis of familial MHL. Miller, Ruth. Ruth's bulk food cookbook. Walnut data: a study of the aggregation of length of Living mirror: young Mennonite poets. Cincin­ Creek, OH: Author, [1994], Pp. 176. EMU. life. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Johns Hopkins Univ., 1994. nati: Mennonite Arts Weekend, 1994. Pp. 32. Miller, Susan Fisher. Culture for sendee: a his­ 1 microfilm. MHL. FRE, MHL, MLA. tory of Goshen College, 1894-1994. Goshen: Kintner, Elgin P. Edward Kintner and Glada Locher, Paul G., Joseph W. Irvin, and Stanley A. Goshen College, 1994. Pp. 377. EMU, FRE, Snyder: ancestral genealogy and tour guide. Kaufman. Decorative arts of Ohio’s MHL, MLA. Maryville, TN: Author, 1994. Pp. 310. EMU, Sonnenberg Mennonites. Kidron, OH: Kidron Mitchell, Barbara and John Sandford. Down But­ MHL. Community Historical Society, 1994. Pp. 176. termilk Lane. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Kizik, Edmund. Mennonici w Gdansku, Elblgu i MHL. Shepard Bks., 1994. 1 v. MHL. na Zulawach Wislanych w drugiej Polowie XVII Loewen, Diana. Family history of the ancestors Model Ts, pep chapels, and a w>olf at the door: wXVIll Wieku. Gdansk: Gdanskie Towarzystwo of Henrich John Loewen. Calgary: Author, Kansas teenagers, 1900-1941. Marilyn Irvin Naukowe, 1994. 1 v. FRE. [1994], 1 v. MHC. Holt, ed. [Lawrence]: Univ. of Kansas, 1994. Kraus, C. Norman. A theological basis for inter­ Longenecker, Stephen L. Piety and tolerance: Pp. 271. MLA. vention ministries: MCC seminars (Spring, Pennsylvania German religion, 1700-1850. Monsma, Stephen V. The mixing of church and 1994). (MCC occasional papers; 20) Akron: Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1994. Pp. 195. MLA. state: religious nonprofit organizations and MCC, 1994. Pp. 46. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Löwen, Abram. Frau Braun, die Lange, die public money. Grand Rapids: Calvin College, Kraus, Hairy Lee. Stainless steed hearts. Wheaton, übrigblieb: vom Niedergang einer 1994. Pp. 24. MHL. IL: Crossway Bks., 1994. Pp. 412. EMU. Indianersippe in Paraguay. Preetz, Germany: Moore, Ruth Nulton. Where the eagles fly. Krehbiel, Howard E. From troubled times. Adelheid und Heinrich Derksen, 1994. Pp. 100. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 104. MHL. Elverson, PA: Olde Springfield Shoppe, 1994. EMU. Morrison, Helen S. Fort Wayne land office en­ Pp. 54. MHL, MLA. Manual of doctrine and government of the Breth­ tries, 1823-1855. Indianapolis: Friends of the Krehbiel, James W. Swiss Russian Mennonite ren in Christ Church: constitution, articles of Archives, 1994. Pp. 138. MHL. church and family books: data extracted from faith and doctrine, bylaws. 1994 ed. Nappanee: Myers, Tamar. Too many crooks spoil the broth: Edwardsdorf-Kutusovka church book, Evangel, 1994. Pp. 95. EMU, MLA. a Pennsylvania Dutch mysteiy with recipes. Michelsdorf-Horodyszcze church book, Martens, Elmer A. God's design: a focus on Old New York: Doubleday, 1994. Pp. 245. MHL. Volhynian church book number three. Charles­ Testament theology. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Natural connections: faith stories from African ton, IL: Author, 1994. Pp. 202. MHL, MLA. Baker, 1994. Pp. 271. FRE. and African-American Christians. Ardell Kropf, Marlene and Eddy Hall. Praying with the Martens, Queenie and J. Vernon Martens. The Stauffer, Pearl Sensenig, and Howard Good, Anabaptists. Newton: Faith & Life, 1994. Pp. Jacob Martens family history, 1812-1993.- eds. Evanston, IL: African-American Mennon­ 176+1 cassette. EMU. FRE. MHL, MLA. Vernon, BC: Authors, 1994. 1 v. MHL. ite Association/MCC, [1994], Pp. 58. EMU. Kurtz, Shirley. Birthday chickens. Intercourse: Martin, Marla. Little church house by the river. Neufeld, Herman Abram. Neufeld ancestors and Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 32. EMU. Harrisonburg, VA: Christian Light, 1994. Pp. lineage (222 years, 1772 through 1994). ______. Growing up plain. Intercourse: Good 101. EMU, MHL. Canoga Park, CA: Author, 1994. Pp. 23. FRE. Bks., 1994. Pp. 63. EMU, FRE, MLA. Martin, Paul H. The dome of the Lord: the first Nofziger, Lenae K. The music is with the river. Lamar, Charles. Some observations on the four decades of the Des Moines Mennonite Goshen: Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 40. MHL. Bruderhof the Holocaust and Christianity. San Church, Des Moines, Iowa. Des Moines, IA: Northey, Wayne. Restorative justice: rebirth of an Francisco: KIT, 1994. Pp. 17. MHL. The Church, 1994. Pp. 82. MLA. ancient practice. (New perspectives on crime Längin, Bernd G. Plain and Amish: an alterna­ Martin, Robert W. Descendants of Christian & justice; 14) Akron: MCC, 1994. Pp. 39. EMU, tive to modern pessimism. Scottdale: Herald, Marti/Marty Martin. [S.l.j: Author, 1994. Pp. FRE, MHL, MLA. 1994. Pp. 416. FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. 6. MHL. Nussbaum Shawn. Genre: Storehouse. Akron: Lederach, Paul M. Daniel. (Believers church Bible Mast, Lois Ann. The Shetterfamily tree. Elverson, Genre, 1994. 1 v. + 1 sound cassette. MHL. commentary) Scottdale: Herald. 1994. Pp. 326. PA: Olde Springfield Shoppe, 1994. Pp. 105. Oberman, Heiko A. The impact of the Reforma­ MHL, MLA. EMU. tion. Grand Rapids: Eerdman, 1994. Pp. 263. Lehman, Celia. The history of Kidron. Kidron, Mathews, Edward. The Rosenberger family of MLA. OH: Kidron Community Historical Society, Montgomery County: historical and genealogi­ Old and new world Anabaptists: studies on the 1994. Pp. 32. MHL. cal sketches. Reprint. Bedminster, PA: Adams language, culture, society and health of the ______. Our Swiss heritage. Kidron, OH: Apple, 1994. Pp. 56. MLA. Amish and Mennonites. James R. Dow, Werner Kidron Community Historical Society, 1994. McGoldrick, James Edward. Baptist Enninger, Joachim Raith, eds. (Internal and Pp. 32. MHL. successionism: a crucial question in Baptist external perspectives on Amish and Mennon­ Lehman, Joanne. Traces o f treasure: quest for God history. Metuchen NJ: Scarecrow, 1994. Pp. ite life; 4) Essen: Univ. of Essen, 1994. Pp. 205. in the commonplace. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. 181. MHL. MHL, MLA. Pp. 158. MHL, MLA. McGrath, William R. Conservative Anabaptist On the cutting edge: textile collectors, collections, Lehman, Maurice E. Paragraphs of life. Patricia theology. [Minerva, OH]: Author, 1994. Pp. and traditions. Lewisburg, PA: Oral Traditions L. McFarlane and Jennifer Fem McFarlane, eds. 102. MLA. Project, 1994. Pp. 120. MHL. Lancaster: Author, 1994. Pp. 191. EMU. McLeod, Roxie. Dreams and rumors: a history Our rich heritage: Hepburn and districts. Levering, Robert. Friends and alcohol: recover­ of “Book o f the Hopi”. Thesis (M.A.)-Univ. of Hepburn, SK: Hepburn History Book Commit­ ing a forgotten testimony. (Pendle Hill pam­ Colorado, 1994. Pp. 330. MLA. tee, 1994. Pp. 791. FRE. phlet; 313) Wallingford, PA: Pendle Hill, 1994. Mennonite family history surname index IV. Oyer, Phyllis Smith. Oyer and allied families,

JUNE 1995 21 Supplement I. Rochester, NY: Author, 1994. Pp. Sareyan, Alex. The turning point: how men of triumph in Kenya ’s terror. Fort Washington, PA: 71.MHL. conscience brought about major change in the Christian Literature Crusade, 1994. Pp. 284. Patkau, Esther. Ministry ofRosthern Bible School care of America’s mentally ill. Scottdale: Her­ EMU. alumni: 1932-1994. Saskatoon: Author, 1994. ald, 1994. Pp. 314. MLA. Smucker, John D. Mennonite choral literature: a Pp. 115. MHC, MHL, MLA. Schlabach, Kyle. The cow in science hall: a col­ survey of compositions, 1900-1994. Thesis Penner, Elizabeth. Striving for perfection: recol­ lection o f Goshen College folklore. Goshen: (M.A.)-Ball State Univ., 1994. Pp. 81. MHL. lections o f the life and sen’ice in India and fo l­ Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 69. EMU, MHL. Soper, Sharon E. Soybeans and the kingdom of lowing o f Betty Erb, 1918-1993. Goshen: Au­ Schloneger, Weldon. A concordance to: Hymnal: God: an approach to holistic mission. thor, 1994. Pp. 67. MHL. A worship book. [Chenoa, IL]: Author, 1994. 1 Winnipeg: Evangelical Mennonite Mission Petre, Mahlon. The directory of the families of the v. MHL, MLA. Conference, 1994. Pp. 159. EMU. Mennonite Christian Fellowship congrega­ Schmidt, Hilda and Carl Schmidt. Directory o f the Spohn, Clarence. The Bauman/Bowman family of tions. Gap Mills, WV: Author, 1994. Pp. 268. Mennonite Cemetery, Beatrice, Nebraska. the Cocalico Valley: printers, papermakers and MHL. [Beatrice, NE: Authors, 1994], 1 v. MLA. tavernkeepers. Ephrata: Historical Society of A Pilgrim people: volume I I : Johannes J. Dyck, Schräg, Dale R., John D. Thiesen, and David A. Cocalico Valley, 1994. Pp. 94. EMU, MHL. 1885-1948, Johannes J. Dyck, 1860-1920, Haury. The Mennonites: a brief guide to infor­ Sprunger, Keith L. Trumpets from the tower: En­ Johannes D. Dyck, 1826-1898. Peter J. Dyck mation. North Newton: Bethel College, 1994. glish Puritan printing in the Netherlands, 1600- and C.J. Dyck, eds. Winnipeg: Rena & George Pp. 20. EMU, MLA. 1640. Leiden: Brill, 1994. Pp. 240. MLA. Kroeker, 1994. Pp. 216. MHL, MLA. Schrock, Lawrence and Barbara Schrock. Penn­ Stahl, J. D. Mark Twain: culture and gender. Ath­ A Pleasant view of Martindale. [Denver, PA: Saul sylvania Amish directory of the Spartansburg ens: Univ. of Georgia, 1994. Pp. 231. MHL. Printing, 1994], Pp. 303. EMU. settlement. [Spartansburg, PA: Authors], 1994. Stoesz, Edgar and Chester Raber. Doing good Pleil, Nadine Moonje. Free from bondage: after Pp. 57. EMU. better! How to be an effective board member forty years in Bruderhof communities on three Schroeder, William. Balthasar Denner, 1685- of a nonprofit organization. Intercourse: Good continents. San Francisco: Carrier Pigeon, 1749, portrait artist. Winnipeg: A.D. Schroeder Bks., 1994. Pp. 150. EMU, MHL, MLA. 1994. Pp. 369. EMU, MLA. Typesetting, 1994. Pp. 30. MHL, MLA. Stoll, Joseph. The drummer’s wife and other sto­ Preaching the word: sermons by Brethren in Schwartz, Susan and Verna Mast. Behold the lil­ ries from Martyrs' Mirror. Aylmer, ON: Path­ Christ ministers. E. Moms Sider, ed. Grantham, ies o f the field. Mt. Perry, OH: Moses & Susan way, 1994. Pp. 251. MLA. PA: Brethren in Christ Historical Society, 1994. Schwartz, 1994. Pp. 366. MHL. Stoltzfus, Ada Fem. Tri state directory migrations Pp. 180. EMU, MHC, MHL, MLA. Seitz, Ruth Hoover. Philadelphia & its country- and history o f Kentucky, Indiana, and Wiscon­ Quiroga, Marta. A Los 75 Ahos De Vida (1919- side. Photos by Blair Seitz. Harrisburg, PA: RB sin. Oak Grove, KY: Author, 1994. Pp. 75. 1994): Iglesia Evangelica Menonita Argentine. Bks., 1994. Pp. 144. EMU. MHL. Argentina: [s.n.], 1994. Pp. 89. MHL. Shank, David A. Prophet Harris, the “Black Stoltzfus, Isaac K. Song translations (German to Ratzlaff, Keith. New winter light. Troy, ME: Night­ Elijah” of West Africa. New York: Brill, 1994. English) for the hearing impaired. Aylmer, ON: shade, 1994. 1 v. MLA. Pp. 309. MHL. Author, 1994. Pp. 52. MHL. Reed, Martha C. The Long Green heritage. Re­ Shearer, Jody Miller. Enter the river: healing steps Stoltzfus, Louise. Amish women: lives and sto­ print. Elverson, PA: Olde Springfield Shoppe, from white privilege toward racial reconcilia­ ries. Intercourse: Good Bks., 1994. Pp. 123. 1994. Pp. 58. MLA. tion. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 214. FRE, EMU, FRE, MLA. Reeder, Josh. Indexing genealogy publications. MHL, MLA. Strahl, Gary. A Canadian story: the Bill & Martha Damascus, MD: Russell D. Earnest Assoc., ______. Living without violence. (Fast lane Strahl family. [S.l.]: Don Dearborn, 1994. Pp. 1994. Pp. 48. MHL. Bible studies) Newton: Faith & Life, 1994. Pp. 382. MHC, MLA. Reformation in national context. Bob Scribner, 56. MLA. Stucky, Nancy Voth. Isaac Fast genealogy, 1859- ed. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ., 1994. Pp. Shenk, David W. God’s call to mission. Scottdale: 1994. Goessel, KS: Author, 1994. Pp. 47. MLA. 236. MLA. Herald, 1994. Pp. 229. FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. Stucky, Naomi R. Jonathan ’s journey. Brighton, Regier, Katharina. Our heritage: remembrances Shenk, John H. Growing up Mennonite: memoirs ON: Author, 1994. Pp. 98. MLA. of my life in Russia 1866-1895, from the diaiy of John H. Shenk: the first twenty-four years. Stutzmann, Jonas. Ein Sendschrieben an die of: Katharina (Wiens) Bahnmann Dyck Regier. Sarasota, FL: Author, 1994. Pp. 109. EMU, Christen aller Confessionen.... Walnut Creek, Marvin Bahnmann, ed. [S.I.: s.n.], 1994. Pp. MHL, MLA. OH: Genza Valley Anabaptist Library, 1994. Pp. 160. MHC. Shott, James R. Othniel. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. 10. MHL. Resource directory for older adults. Harrisonburg, Pp. 168. MHL. Suderman, Robert J. Discipulado Cristiano a I VA: Virginia Mennonite Retirement Commu­ Showalter, Rhoda F. Noah’s ark coloring book. serviciodel Reino. Bogota: CLARA, 1994. Pp. nity, 1994. Pp. 91. EMU. Harrisonburg, VA: Christian Light, 1994. Pp. 143. MHL. Richard, Kent E. The Michel (1787-1863) and 53. EMU. Suter, Scott Hamilton. The importance of making Magdalena (Widmer) Richard family: Gräber, Sider, Ronald J. Cup o f water, bread o f life: in­ progress: the potteries of Emanuel Suter, 1851- Richard, Riche, Widmer ancestors and descend­ spiring stories about overcoming lopsided 1897. Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Washington ants. Talmage, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 144. MHL. Christianity. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994. Univ., 1994. Pp. 243. EMU. Roth, Donald W. The family o f Joseph and Bar­ Pp. 186. EMU. Swartley, Willard M. Israel’s scripture traditions bara (Ulrich) Litwiller. Ft. Wayne: Author, Sine, Tom. Live it up! Scottdale: Herald, 1994. and the Synoptic Gospels: story shaping story. 1994. Pp. 341. MHL. Pp. 232. MHL. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Pp. 367. Roth, Lorraine and John Bradley Arthaud. The Sites, Donald E. Windmills and windmill weights. MHL, MLA. Jacob LeBoId and Magdalena Blank family, Meade, KS: Friesen Windmill & Supply, 1994. La tarea educativa de la iglesia. (Esperanza en 1800-1993: with allied families of Ebersol, 1 v. MHL, MLA. Camino version popular; 5) Guatemala City: Gascho, Neuhasuer, Schwartzentruber and Smith, Kenneth L. Genealogical dates: a user- Esperanza en Camino, 1994. Pp. 50. EMU. Zwalter. Waterloo: Authors, 1994. Pp. 106. friendly guide. Camden, MA: Picton, 1994. Pp. The Task o f the congregational historian. Goshen: MHL. 196+1 computer disk. MLA. Historical Committee and Archives of the Men­ Russia ’s great reforms, 1855-1881. Ben Eklof, ed. Smith, Luther E. Jr. Intimacy & mission: inten­ nonite Church, 1994. Pp. 20. EMU, MLA. Bloomington: Indiana Univ., 1994. Pp. 297. tional community as crucible for radical dis- Thackrey, Don. Some Amish branches o f the Keim MLA. cipleship. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 189. family. Ann Arbor, MI: Author, 1994. Pp. 124. Sareyan, Alex. The turning point: how men of MHL, MLA. EMU, MHL. conscience brought about major change in the Smith, Patricia Douglass. Kansas biographical That voice: Heralds o f Hope, Inc.: 25 years of care of America 's mentally ill. Washington, DC: index: state-wide and regional histories. Gar­ mission. Breezewood, PA: Heralds of Hope, American Psychiatric, 1994. Pp. 309. EMU, den City, KS: Author, 1994. Pp. 350. MLA. 1994. Pp. 36. MHL. MHL, MLA. Smoker, Dorothy W. Ambushed by love: God's Thirlwall, Lynda McIntosh. Mennonite quilts of

22 MENNONITE LIFE Fresno County, California: 1900-1940. Thesis 1994. Pp. 95. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Zimmerman, Ella. Memories of days past. (M.S.)—California State Univ., Fresno, 1994. When we sing: conversations with Alice Parker Rutledge, MO: Author, 1994. Pp. 109. MHL. Pp. I15.FRE. and friends. Harleysville, PA: Branch Valley Zook, Lee. The function o f Amish mutual aid. Thode, Ernest. Address book for Germanic gene­ Prod., 1994. 1 video. MHL. Decorah, IA: Author, 1994. Pp. 15. MHL. alogy. 5th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub., White, Emerson E. School management and 1994. Pp. 174. MLA. moral training: a practical treatise for teach­ 1992-1993 Thomas, Marlin E. Resolving disputes in Chris­ ers and all other persons interested in the right tian groups. Winnipeg: Windflower, 1994. Pp. training of the young. Gordonville: 25th anniversary, 1968-1993, Sherbrooke Men­ 224. FRE, MLA. Gordonville, Penna. Print Shop, 1994. Pp. 320. nonite Church. [Vancouver, BC: The Church, Thorp, Malcolm R. and Arthur J. Slavin. Politics, MHL. 1993] Pp. 144. MHC, MLA. religion and diplomacy in early modern Eu­ Widmen Rose G. and Nancy Nussbaum. Journeys 300 Jahre Mennonitenkirche Krefeld: 1693-1993. rope. (16th century essays & studies; 27) with God: running the race. Scottdale: Men­ Hans Adolf Hertzler, ed. Krefeld: The Church, Kirksville, MO: 16th Century Journal, 1994. Pp. nonite Publishing House, 1994. Pp. 137. MHL. 1993. Pp. 48. EMU. 332. MHL. Wiebe, Joel A. Remembering, reaching: a vision Against great odds. Worcester, PA: Gateway Timmer, Doug A., D. Stanley Eitzen, and Kathryn for sendee: a fifty year history of Fresno Pa­ Films/Vision Video, 1992. 1 video. EMU, MHL. Talley. Paths to homelessness: extreme poverty cific College. Fresno: Fresno Pacific College, Alabanzas favoritas No. 2. Moundridge: Gospel and urban housing crisis. Boulder: Westview, 1994. Pp. 223. EMU, FRE. Publishers, 1993. Pp. 252. MHL. 1994. Pp. 210. MHL. Wiebe, Katie Funk. Prayers of an omega: facing Ambrose, Mary E. Ancestors and descendants of Toevs, Dudley Dodgion. Newton remembering the transitions of aging. Scottdale: Herald, Abraham Koons and his wives: Susan Shrader yesterday today: romancing history, Newton, 1994. Pp. 112. FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. of Franklin County, Pennsylvania and Jane Kansas- 1860’s toward2000. [S.I.: s.n.], 1994. Wiebe, Rudy. A discovery of strangers. Toronto: Mills of Crawford County, Ohio. Pp. 128. MLA. Knopf, 1994. Pp. 317. FRE. Mechanicsburg, PA: Author, 1992. Pp. 83. Toews, Art. Arnaud Mennonite Church: 1944- Witmer, Dallas. The faith worth dying for. MHL. 1994. Arnaud, MB: Arnaud Mennonite Church Farmington, NM: Lamp & Light, 1994. Pp. 77. Amish. Bala CynWyd, PA: Library Video, 1993. Yearbook Committee, [1994], Pp. 112. MHC. EMU. 1 video. MHL. Torrance, Patricia. Writing a regional history book Witmer, Hannah Wenger. Taking time: reminis­ Amish-country cookbook: volume 111. Bob and with a committee. Bowie, MD: Heritage Bks., cences of my life. [S.l.: Author’s family], 1994. Sue Miller, Anita Sekora, eds. Elkhart: Bethel 1994. Pp. 108. MLA. Pp. 142. EMU. Publishing, 1993. Pp. 308. MLA. Towne, Marian Kleinsasser. Bread of life: diaries Woman’s work: a guide to growth and self-dis­ Anderson, Janet Byron. Amish word wisdom. and memories o f a Dakota family, 1936-1945. covery. Anne Baxter & Nora O. Lozano-Dfaz, Rocky River, OH: Author, 1993. Pp. 25. MHL. Freeman: Pine Hill, 1994. Pp. 459. FRE, MLA. eds. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 120. MLA. Archilla, Aurelio A. Garcia. The theology of his­ Trigg, Jonathan D. Baptism in the theology of Wright, Barton. Clowns o f the Hopi: tradition tory and apologetic historiography in Heinrich Martin Luther. Leiden: Brill, 1994. Pp. 234. keepers and delight makers. Flagstaff: Ballinger: truth in history. San Francisco: MLA. Northland, 1994. Pp. 136. MLA. Mellen Research Univ., 1992. Pp. 337. MHL. Troyer, Andrew M. Troyer’s T-14 purple martin Wright, Susan Kimmel. Death by babysitting. A uf dem Weg zum Dienst in Gemeinde und Mis­ house. Conneautville, PA: Author, 1994. Pp. 14. Scottdale: Herald, 1994. Pp. 167. MHL. sion: Berufung, Ausbildung, Dienst. [Leistal, MHL. Yoder, Dale D. Bible mazes. Crockett, KY: Rod Switzerland]: Konferenz der Mennoniten der Ummel, Charly and Claire-Lise Ummel. L ’Eglise & Staff, 1994. Pp. 48. EMU, MHL. Schweiz, 1993. Pp. 16. EMU. Anabaptiste en Pays Neuchätelois. 2nd ed. Yoder, Franklin L. Opening a window to the Augsburger, A. Don. A pattem for living: reflec­ [S.l.]: Societe Suisse D’Histoire Mennonite, world: a history of Iowa Mennonite School. tions on the Sermon on the Mount. [Sarasota, 1994. Pp. 189. EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Kalona: Iowa Mennonite School, 1994. Pp. 319. FL]: Author, 1993. Pp. 192. EMU, MLA. Urner, Carol Reilley. The kingdom and the way: MHL. MLA. Aylesworth, Jim. The folks in the valley: a Penn­ meditations on the kingdom of God. (Pendle Hill Yoder, Isabelle King. Geneology [sic] of sylvania Dutch ABC. New York: HarperColIins, pamphlet; 317) Wallingford, PA: Pendle Hill, Abraham, Jr. and Alice Hartzler King. 2nd up­ 1992. 1 v. MHL. 1994. Pp. 40. MHL, MLA. date by Helen K. Yates. [Harrisonburg, VA: Baker, Margaret Müssen The reflections o f seek­ Virginia Mennonite Board of Missions. Answer­ Yates], 1994. Pp. 10. EMU. ing God: a musical drama: Oak Grove Men­ ing the call: 1919-1994: Virginia Mennonite Yoder, James D. Barbara: Sarah’s legacy. New­ nonite Church, 175th anniversary. Smithville, Board of Missions celebrates 75 years. ton: Faith & Life, 1994. Pp. 175. FRE, MHL, OH: The Church, 1993. Pp. 55. EMU. [Harrisonburg, VA]: VMBM, 1994. Pp. 11. MLA. Bauman, Velina and Melinda Martin. Family tree EMU. Yoder, John Howard. The politics of Jesus: vicit of Urias Buehler, Leah Brubacher, Mary Warkentin, Larry. The song 1 hear: poems and agnus noster. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, (Kilmer) Brubacher and a sketch of Abraham fragments. Fresno: Ryan Lovell, 1994. Pp. 287. 1994. Pp. 257. MHL, MLA. Buehler and Julian Beatty (Urias' parents). St. FRE. Yoder, Oien F. Ausbund songs with notes. Burr Jacobs, ON: Authors, 1992. Pp. 43. MHL. Warkentin, Leonard. The quest: more than a thou­ Oak, MI: S. Chupp, 1994. Pp. 39. MHL. Becker, Paul G. The Becker chronicle. Denver, sand miles by wagon train in search of a better Yoder, Raymond A. Ray Yoder, his life. Staunton, CO: Author, 1993. 1 v. MLA. life. Kingsburg, CA: Author, 1994. Pp. 29. FRE. VA: Author, 1994. Pp. 35. MHL. Beiler, David. Eine Vermahnung oder Andenken. Wasilchick, John V. Amish life: a portrait of plain Yoder-Sickler, Telissa J. J.C. Penney and other- Baltic, OH: Räbers Bookstore, 1993. Pp. 35. living. 2nd ed. New York: Crescent Bks., 1994. camp skits. Goshen: Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 61. MHL. Pp. 155. EMU. MHL. Bellafiore, Sharyn and T. J. Redcay. Amish farm Weaver, Virginia Kreiden Early years of Weaver- Yoder, Wanda M. Markie and the Hammond cous­ animals. Gettysburg, PA: Americana Souvenirs Book Store. [Lancaster]: Author, 1994. Pp. 26. ins. Harrisonburg, VA: Christian Light, 1994. & Gifts, 1992. Pp. 32. EMU. EMU. Pp. 124. EMU, MHL. Bender, Urie A. All the days oftny life : the story Weiser, Frederick S. The gift is small, the love is Yoder, Willis E. Suitable Lieder Sammlung tunes. o f Peter and Anna Dick. [S.L: s.n.], 1993. Pp. great: Pennsylvania German small presenta­ Kalona: W.E. Yoder family, 1994. Pp. 20. MHL. 352. MHC. tion frakturs. York, PA: York Graphic Services, Yungblut, John. For that solitary individual: an Bergsma Friesen, Lynn. Calvin and the 1994. Pp. 119. MLA. octogenarian’s counsel on living and dying. Anabaptists: re-examining the theological con­ Wenger, A. Grace. Landis Hornes: the first thirtyt (Pendle Hill pamphlet; 316) Wallingford, PA: flict. Thesis (M.T.)—Conrad Grebel College, years, 1964-1994. Parkesburg, PA: Leaman Pendle Hill, 1994. Pp. 30. MLA. 1993. Pp. 187. MLA. Associates, 1994. Pp. 67. EMU, MHL. Zeitgeist: student perspectives on contemporary Berti, Peter Robert. The contribution of maternal ______. A people in mission: 1894-1994. culture. Christopher Sauder, ed. Goshen: age, birth order and birth internal to variation Salunga, PA: Eastern Mennonite Missions, Pinchpenny, 1994. Pp. 59. MHL. in prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasia.

JUNE 1995 23 Thesis (M.A.)--Univ. of Guelph, 1992. 2 mi­ (now Skippack Township, Montgomery County, 1993. Pp. 363. FRE, MHC. crofiche. MHL. PA). Bedminster, PA: Adams Apple, 1992. Pp. Eisfeld, Alfred. Die Russlanddeutschen. Munich: Beyond instinct. Ephrata: Grace, 1993. Pp. 45. 26. MHL. Herbig, 1992. Pp. 221. MHL. EMU. ______. The highways & byways of Hill town Elias, David H. Crossing the line: short stories. Blosser, Donald. Peitian Shuai, Ping Zhou. Dic- Township, colonial crossroads of Pennsylvania: Victoria, BC: Orca Book Publishers, 1992. Pp. tionary of the literature of the Bible. Chengdu: study of the road development in Hilltown 147. MHC. Sichuan People’s Pub. House, 1993. Pp. 495. Township from Indian trails to the mid-nine­ Eller, Cynthia. Living in the lap of the goddess: MHL. teenth century. Bedminster, PA: Adams Apple, the feminist spirituality movement in America. Bly, Daniel W. From the Rhine to the Shenandoah: 1993. Pp. 63. MHL. New York: Crossroad, 1993. Pp. 276. MHL. eighteenth century Swiss & German pioneer Dice, Evelyn Funk. The ancestors and descend­ Epp, Albert H. Discipleship therapy: healthy families in the central Shenandoah Valley of ants of Jacob Brechbill Sollenberger and his Christians-healthy churches. Henderson, NE: Virginia and their European origins: Baker, Bly, wife Frances Meyers Sollenberger. Stairway Discipleship, 1993. Pp. 277. MHL, Brubeck, Dosh, Funk, Funkhouser, Keller, Chambersburg, PA: Author, 1993. Pp. 88. MHL. MLA. Orndorjf, Pitman, Rosenberger, Snapp, Spiggle, Dickens, Jane W. Index to A history o f Washing­ Epp, Ingrid I. Finding guide: the Peter J. Braun Supinger, Windle. Baltimore: Gateway, 1993. ton County, Maryland. Westminster, MD: Fam­ Russian Mennonite Archive, 1803-1920. Pp. 228. EMU. ily Line, 1992. Pp. 295. MHL. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto/Conrad Grebel Col­ Bontrager, Glen Martin. Ancestors and descend­ Dietz, Barbara and Peter Hilkes. lege, 1993. Pp. 277. MHC. ants of Abraham & Eliza Nisslev. Kalamazoo, Russlanddeutsche: Unbekannte im Osten: Esau, Heinrich. Grassroots approach to church MI: Author, 1993. 1 v. MHL. Geschichte, Situation, Zukunftsperspektiven. growth and mission. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Fuller Brandt, Carsten. Sprache und Sprachgebrauch München: Olzog, 1992. Pp. 140. MHC. Theological Seminary, 1993. Pp. 286. EMU. der Mennoniten in Mexiko. Marburg: Eiwert, Directory of the Washington County, Md. and Exploring personal autonomy: a Rolling Ridge 1992. Pp. 436. EMU, FRE. Franklin Co., Pa. Mennonite churches. symposium. Paul Peachey, ed. Harpers Ferry, Brandt, Di. Wild mother dancing: maternal nar­ Hagerstown, MD: Washington Co. and Franklin WV: Study Retreat Assoc, of Rolling Ridge, rative in Canadian literature. Winnipeg: Univ. Co. Conference, 1993. Pp. 51. EMU. 1992. Pp. 74. EMU. of Manitoba, 1993. Pp. 188. MLA. The Distorter Band: closer than they appear. Fahrney, Walter and Omer Long. The descend­ Bratt, James D. Protestant immigrants: paper for Winnipeg: Mennonite Distorter, 1993. 1 sound ants of Dr. Peter Fahrney (1767-1837). the Pew project on minority faiths in the Ameri­ cassette. MHL. Frederick, MD: O.M. Long, [1993] Pp. 199. can Protestant mainstream. [S.l.]: Author, 1993. Dollinger, Gerhard. In der schönen Wüste. MHL. Pp. 4L MHL. Stuttgart: Betulius, 1993. Pp. 127. MLA. Flowers, Marshall E. Christian college Braun, Helene. Gemischte Rezepte für Küche und Driedger, Michael D. Conflict and adaptation in distinctives: a study of the institutional satis­ Backstube. 12th ed. Loma Plata, Paraguay: Hein an exile community: Flemish Mennonites in faction and morals at Christian College Coali­ K. Braun, 1992. Pp. 55. MHL. Altona and Hamburg, 1649-1711. Thesis tion institutions. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Claremont Brentz, Wilma Jean Schertz. Schertz tales. (M.A.)—Queen’s Univ., 1993. Pp. 129. MHL, Graduate School, 1992. 1 microfilm. MHL. Farmington, IL: Author, 1992. Pp. 181. MHL. MLA. Flynn, George Q. The draft, 1940-1973. Building Christian English: following the plan: Driver, John. Como los cristianos hicieron paz Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1993. Pp. Grade 5 teacher’s manned. Crockett, KY: Rod con la guerra: entendimiento de la guerra de 376. MHL, MLA. & Staff, 1993. Pp. 655. MHL. los primeros cristianos. Bogota: CLARA, 1993. Folk and decorative art o f the Shenandoah Val­ Byler, J. A. Starting dairy replacement calves. Pp. 101. MHL. ley. Elkton, VA: Shenandoah Valley Folklore Sugar Grove, PA: Author, 1993. Pp. 29. MHL. Dück, Klaus. Mennonitengemeinde: Society, 1993. Pp. 127. MLA. Byler, John M. Amish immigrants ofWaldeckand Congregaciön Menonita Montevideo, 1952- Ford, Ada Lou. Wolf family record: descendants Flesse: a record of 263 immigrants, with a 1992. [S.l.: s.n.], 1992. Pp. 71. MHL. of Abraham and Julia Wolf: an update. San record of their descendants to those who were Dueck, Hilda M. Riediger. An orphan’s song. Marcos, CA: Author, 1992. Pp. 118. MHL. married by about 1865, plus historical records Winnipeg: Windflower, 1993. Pp. 304. FRE, Forty years of nursing education at Goshen Col­ of Germany, shiplists, etc. Bellville, OH: Au­ MHL, MLA. lege. Miriam E. Martin, ed. Goshen: Goshen thor, 1993. Pp. 231. EMU. Dyck, Harvey L. Recovering an inheritance: the College, [1993], Pp. 24. EMU. Carlsen, Robert. Descendants o f Henry Bowman. Peter J. Braun Russian Mennonite Archive, Franklin, Charles M. Dutch genealogical re­ Oakhurst, CA: Author, 1993. Pp. 69. MHL. 1803-1920. Toronto: Conrad Grebel College, search. Rev. ed. Indianapolis: Ye Olde Charles, J. Robert. The future tasks o f the alliance: 1993. Pp. 19. MLA. Genealogie Shoppe, 1993. Pp. 128. MLA. NATO ’s 1967 Harrnel exercise and report. The­ Dyck, Heinz John. The work of Mennonite Cen­ Frick, Paul Sumner. A histoiy of Fricks Locks, East sis (Ph.D.)—Tufts Univ., 1993. Pp. 616. MHL. tral Committee volunteers in a developing ab­ Coventry Township, Chester County, Pennsyl­ Coblentz, John. Called to be a layman. original community. Thesis (M.A.)—Univ. of vania: Vol. I: The Hans Grumbacher family of Harrisonburg, VA: Christian Light, [1993]. Pp. Victoria, 1993. microfiche. MHL. Coventry Township, 1733-1814. Arizona City, 6. EMU. Dyck, John. Crosstown Credit Union Limited: AZ: Author, 1993. Pp. 103. MHL. Colletta, John P. They came in ships: a guide to ser\’ing the Mennonite community, the first fifty Friesen, Bruce Kelly. A sociological examination finding your immigrant ancestor’s arrival years 1944-1994. Winnipeg: Crosstown Credit of the effects of auspice on day care quality. record. Rev. ed. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1993. Union Ltd., 1993. Pp. 174. MHC, MHL. Thesis (Ph.D.)-Univ. of Calgary, 1992. 4 mi­ Pp. 93. MLA. Earnest, Corinne Pattie and Beverly Repass Hoch. crofiche. MHL. Country recipes from friends and family: a col­ German-American family records in thefraktur Friesen, Jacob. The road unknown. Gladstone, lection o f 900 tasty recipes from Mennonite tradition: volume II: the Franklin and Marshall MB: Author, 1993. Pp. 248. FRE, MLA. homes all across America. Sherry Yost, ed. College collection. Damascus, MD: Russell D. Friesen, John W. When cultures clash: case stud­ Hillsboro: Hearth, 1993. Pp. 284. MHL. Earnest Assoc., 1993. Pp. 182. MHL, MLA. ies in multiculturalism. Calgary: Detselig En­ Country schoolteacher: a Kansas legacy. Vera Ebersole, Cora. Down m em ory’s lane. terprises, 1993. Pp. 208. MHL. Ellerman Rodecap, ed. Holton, KS: Bell Graph­ Shippensburg, PA: Author, [1993] Pp. 60. MHL. Friesen, Theodore E. A histoiy of DWFriesen: a ics, 1993. Pp. 129. MLA. Eby, Benjamin. Kurzgefasste Kirchen-Geschichte unique company 1907-1933. Altona, MB: Dawn o f the Golden Age: northern Netherland­ und Glaubenslehre der Taufgesinnten Christen DWFriesen, 1993. Pp. 79. MHC. ish art, 1580-1620. Ger Luijten, ed. Amsterdam/ oder Mennoniten. [S.l.: Woolwich, Ont. Old A Funnie place, no fences: teenagers’ views of Zwolle: Rijksmuseum/Waanders, 1993. Pp. Order Mennonite deacons, 1992], Pp. 229. Kansas, 1867-1900. C. Robert Haywood and 718. EMU. EMU. Sandra Jarvis, eds. Lawrence: Division of Con­ Detweiler, William N. The creation, founding and Ediger, Gerald C. Deutsch und Religion: ethnicity, tinuing Education, Univ. of Kansas, 1992. Pp. early settlers of Bebber's Township, Philadel­ religion and Canadian Mennonite Brethren, 349. MLA. phia County, Province o f Pennsylvania, 1702 1940-1970. Thesis (Th.D.)-Univ. of Toronto, Geiser, Linea. Liberia, looking for hope: children ’s

24 MENNONITE LIFE caring project, family mission meal. Elkhart: Hoover, Titus B. The car. Port Trevorton, PA: overview and bibliography. Elkhart: MBM, Mennonite Board of Missions, 1993. Pp. 36 + Author, 1992. Pp. 8. MHL. 1993. Pp. 19. MHL, MLA. sound cassette. MHL. Huber, Paul. The Huber stoiy. Oak Ridge, TN: Krabill, Russell R. John Shank Hiestand, 1909- Gibbens, Carol. Auernheimer history’ and gene­ Author, 1993. Pp. 27. MHL. 1992: Mennonite minister and founder of the alogy. [Newton: Author, 1992], Pp. 501. MLA. Husler, Donald E. Juniata County one-room Congregational Bible Church. Elkhart: Author, Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of Russian history. 2nd ed. schools, 1799-1958. Mifflintown, PA: Juniata 1992. Pp. 33. EMU. New York: Oxford, 1993. Pp. 161. MLA. County Historical Society, 1993. Pp. 76. MHL. Kraybill, Herman F. Kraybill family history: six­ Goertz, Hans-Jiirgen. Religiöse Bewegungen in Hymnal: accompaniment handbook. Elgin, IL: teenth through twentieth centuries. Kensington, der frühen Neuzeit. München: R. Oldenbourg, Brethren, 1993. Pp. 430. MHC. MD: Scribbler’s, 1993. Pp. 199. MHL. 1993. Pp. 149. MHC. International directory of Renaissance & Refor­ Kurtz, Agnes Bixler. John Bixler, pioneer, immi­ ______. Thomas Müntzer: apocalyptic mystic mation associations and institutes. Toronto: grant, farmer and his descendants. Hanover, and revolutionary. Jocelyn Jaquiery, tr. ; Peter Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Stud­ NH: ABK Publications, 1993. Pp. 151. MHL. Matheson, ed. Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & T. ies, 1993. Pp. 105. MHL. Landis, Henry K. Canoeing on the Juniata, 1888. Clark, 1993. Pp. 229. EMU, MHC. Iowa’s lost summer: the flood of 1993. Michael Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Historical & Great mysteries of the West. Ferenc Morton Szasz, Wegner, ed. Des Moines Register, photos. Des Museum Commission and Landis Valley As­ ed. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 1993. Pp. 266. MLA. Moines, I A: Des Moines Register, 1993. Pp. sociates, 1993. Pp. 67. MHL. Guethlein, Lisbeth A. Evaluation o f the molecu­ 108. MHL. L ’aqtacja hi i ’otapecna. Buenos Aires: Argentina lar basis of mixed lymphocyte culture reactiv­ Isaak, Mary Anne. A description o f the theology Bible Society, 1993. Pp. 902. MHL. ity’ between cells expressing different HLA-DR7 expressed in song of the Mennonite Brethren Latham, Jane Holly. In search of the true church: bearing haplotypes. Thesis (Ph.D.)—Johns Church of Zaire. Thesis (M. A.)—Mennonite an examination of the significance of small Hopkins Univ., 1993. Pp. 97. MHL. Brethren Biblical Seminary, 1993. Pp. 137. groups within early Anabaptism and Pietism. Guias para disciplina sobre credenciales MHL. Thesis (M.A.)~Acadia Univ., 1993. microfiche. ministeriales. 2nd ed. Elkhart: La Iglesia Jantzen, Paul G. Prairie wanderings: the land and MHL. Menonita de Liderato Congregacional, 1993. creatures of the grasslands. Hillsboro: Hearth, Leaders of the Mennonite Kleine Gemeinde in Pp. 30. MHL. 1993. Pp. 141. MHL, MLA. Russia, 1812 to 1874. Delbert F. Plett, ed. (Men­ Habermann, Johann. Christliche Morgen- u. Kansas on my mind. Helena, MT: Falcon, [1993]. nonite Kleine Gemeinde historical series; 6) Abendgebete auf alle Tage in der Woche. Re­ Pp. 120. MLA. Steinbach: Crossway, 1993. Pp. 932. MHC, print. Union City, PA: F.D. Stutzman, 1993. Pp. Kaufman, James R. Traditional religious belief MLA. 192. MHL. and the local-cosmopolitan orientation among Lehmann, Artur. Familienbuch in 2 Teilen. Hall, Charles M. The Atlantic bridge to Germany. the General Conference Mennonites. Thesis Saarbrücken: Author, 1993. Pp. 340. EMU, Vol. 8, Prussia. Salt Lake City: Monda (Ph.D.)—Kansas State Univ., 1993. Pp. 90. MLA. Genealoga Ligo, 1993. Pp. 245. MHL, MLA. MHL, MLA. Leid, Lewis M. and Aaron W. Leid. Leid family Haude, Sigrun. The rule o f fear: the impact of Kempf, Greg. Reflections of a country cat. history, 1821-1993. Narvon, PA: Authors, 1993. Anabaptist ‘terror’ 1534-1535. Thesis Millersburg, OH: Briar Hill, 1993. Pp. 34. MHL. Pp. 118. EMU, MHL. (Ph.D.)—Univ. of Arizona, 1993. Pp. 434. Kennedy, Kathryn Anne. John K. Friesen: adult Letters from Russia. Justina Wiens Peters, tr. MLA. educator, mentor and humanitarian. [S.l.]: Au­ Saskatoon: Herbert D. Peters, 1993. Pp. 75. Hawley, Jana Marie. Amish/English entrepreneur­ thor, 1992. Pp. 404. MHC. MLA. ial activity as a function o f culture and world Klaassen, Martin. Martin Klaassen diaty. Esther Lichdi, Diether Gotz. Die Mennoniten: eine view: conceptions of responsibility, coopera­ C. Bergen, tr. Winnipeg: Bergen, 1993. Pp. 252. moderne Freikirche. Hamburg: tion and competition, and success. Thesis MHL, MLA. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mention irischer (Ph.D.)—Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 1993. 1 Klassen, A. J. The church in the heart of the val­ Gemeinde, 1992. Pp. 16. EMU. microfilm. MHL. ley: 1892-1992. Abbotsford, BC: Matsqui- Liechty, Joseph. Roots of sectarianism in Ireland: Hayama Missionary Seminar. How wide is God’s Abbotsford Ministerial Association, 1992. Pp. chronology and reflections. Belfast: Author, mercy?: Christian perspectives on religious 189. MHC. 1993. Pp. 51. MHL. pluralism. Tokyo: Tokyo Mission Research In­ Klassen, Heinrich. Mundart und Plautdietsche Limits of perfection: conversations with J. stitute, 1993. Pp. 136. MHL, MLA. Jeschichte: ut clem Orenburgschen en ut dem Lawrence Burkholder. Rodney J. Sawatsky & Heiberger, Rose. Buggy seat-bare feet. Lancaster: Memritjschen (Russlaund). Marburg: Elwert, Scott Holland, eds. Waterloo: Institute of Author, 1993. Pp. 139. MHL. 1993. Pp. 155. FRE. Anabaptist-Mennonite Studies, 1993. Pp. 137. Hershberger, Alma. Amish women. Danville, OH: Kliewer, Victor. Kliewer: Familie/Family Peter EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Art of Amish Taste, 1992. Pp. 107. MLA. Kliewer & Anna Adrian 1813-1992. Winnipeg: Litwiller, Shirlee. To east from west by air express. Hewner, Sharon Jean. Elder care in an Amish and [Author, 1993], Pp. 194. MHC, MHL. Rosenort, MB: Prairie View, 1993. Pp. 32. MHL. an English rural community: a comparative Klopfenstein, Perry A. Fond expectations: a Loewen, Helen Harder. Kornelius SpenstI, 1826- medical anthropological study. Thesis Christian parent’s perspective on nurturing 1913 and Anna Dueck Spenst, 1824- geneology (Ph.D.)—SUNY at Buffalo, 1993. 1 microfilm. children. Fort Scott, KS: Sekan Publications, [sic], Waterloo: Author, 1993. Pp. 120. MLA. MHL. 1993. Pp. 170. MHL. Long journey home. Akron: MCC, [1993]. 1 Hildebrand, Bodo. Erziehung ZUr Gemeinschaft: Knisely, Kim Gehman. A is for Amish. Lititz, PA: video. EMU. Geschichte und Gegenwart des Knisely Stoltzfus Bks., 1993. Pp. 29. EMU, Madson, John and Frank Oberle. Tall grass prai­ Erziehungswesens der Hutterer. Pfaffenweiler: FRE. MHL. rie. Helena, MT: Falcon, 1993. Pp. 112. MLA. Centaurus, 1993. Pp. 219. EMU, MHL. Kooi, Christine Jane. The Reformed community’ Magocsi, Paul Robert. Historical atlas of East Hoerder, Dirk. People on the move: migration, of Leiden, 1572-1620. Thesis (Ph.D.)-Yale, Central Europe. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto, acculturation, and ethnic interaction in Europe 1993. 1 microfilm. MHL. 1993. Pp. 218. MLA. and North America. Oxford: Berg, 1993. Pp. Koop, Peter H. Peter, a man of stamina and cour­ Maier, Margaret. John Peters family tree, 1863- 59. MHL. age. A.E. Heidi Koop, tr. Winnipeg: Regehr’s 1993. [S.l.]: Author, 1993. Pp. 96. MHL, MLA. Hofman, R. Het kerkje op de Kaasmarkt: Printing, 1993. Pp. 181. MLA. Markley, Rena and Verda Kauffman. Descenclents geschiedenis van de Doopsgezincle Gemeente Kostick, Diane P. The biography o f me: a jour­ of Johann Peter Lembrich. Goshen: Authors, Friom. Wormerveer: Noord-Holland, 1993. Pp. ney of self-discovery. Carthage, IL: Good Apple, 1993. Pp. 445. MHL. 83. EMU. 1992. Pp. 156. MHC. Martin, Marie. Struggle for truth. Ephrata: Grace, Hostetler, Michael J. The rhetoric of Christian Kosyk, Volodymyr. The Third Reich and Ukraine. 1993. Pp. 160. EMU. martyrdom: an exploration o f the homiletical New York: P. Lang, 1993. Pp. 669. MLA. Martin, Mildred A. Missionaiy stories with the uses o f ultimate terms. Thesis (Ph.D.)—North­ Krabill, James R. and Allan Yoder. The urban Millers. (Miller family series) Minerva, OH: western Univ., 1993. Pp. 244. MHL. mission: a cloud of Anabaptist witnesses: an Green Pastures, 1993. Pp. 205. EMU.

JUNE 1995 25 ______. Prudence and the Millers. (Miller fam­ Frank F. & Helena (Hieben) Zacharias. Altona, 1993. Pp. 214. MHL. ily series) Minerva, OH: Green Pastures, 1993. MB: Zacharias Family Book Committee, 1993. Schlabach, David. Guidelines for backyard fruit Pp. 192. EMU. Pp. 146. FRE, MHC, MHL, MLA. production. Sugarcreek, OH: Carlisle Printing, McCammon, Dorothy Snapp. Tragedy and tri­ Penner, Martin. Not only with you- but with those Walnut Creek, 1993. Pp. 36. MHL. umph: courage and faith through 27 years in not here today. Winnipeg: Author, 1993. Pp. 92. Schlabach, Joetta H. Weniger ist mehr: Bd. 2. Chinese prisons: the story of Dr. Yu Eiimei. San MHL. Neuhausen-Stuttgart: Hänssler, 1992. Pp. 320. Francisco: Purple Bamboo, 1993. Pp. 114. Des Pennsylvania Deitche color book. MHL. MHL, MLA. Fredericksburg, OH: Yoder Bargain Store, Schmucker, Jane. Living our name: 175 years: McKee, Wilma. Heritage celebrations: a guide 1993. 1 v. MHL. Oak Grove Mennonite Church, Smithville, Ohio to celebrating the history of your church. New­ Peters, Edward L. Some descendants of Michael 1993. [Smithville, OH]: Oak Grove’s 175th ton: Faith & Life, 1993. Pp. 100. MHC, MLA. Peters. Manson, WA: Peters Publishing, 1993. Anniversary Committee, 1993. Pp. 128. MHL. Mellinger, C. Mervin. Descendants of Hans Pp. 593. MLA. Sexual abuse. Harrisonburg, VA: Mennonite Me­ Ulrich Huber: Warwick Township, Lancaster Phillips, Donna L. Ecological approach in health dia Productions, 1993. 1 video. MLA. County, Pennsylvania. Willow Street. PA: Au­ promotion with a distinct cultural group: the Share, John. The Share grist mills in Pennsylva­ thor, 1993. Pp. 257. EMU, MHL. Dariusleut Hutterites. Thesis (M.A.)—Univ. of nia. New Carlisle, OH: Author, 1993. Pp. 10. Mennonite Disaster Sendee: act of love. Akron: Calgary, 1992. microfiche. MHL. MHL. MCC Information Services, 1992. 1 video. Pörtner, Rudolf. Heimat in der Fremde: Deutsche Slabach, Gertrude. Grandma ’s great adventure. EMU. aus Russland erinnern sich. Düsseldorf: ECON, Lansing, MI: AMY Foundation, 1993. Pp. 48. Die Mennoniten in Paraguay: Vergangenheit, 1992. Pp. 521. MHL. MHL. Gegenwart, Zukunft. Asuncion: Instituto Proceedings of the conference Tradition and Tran­ Smith, Elizabeth A. Zern. A genealogical history Biblico Asuncion, 1993. Pp. 188. MLA. sition: an Amish Mennonite Heritage of Obe­ of the Detweiler, Detwiler family: the descend­ Michalski, Sergiusz. The Reformation and the vi­ dience, 1693-1993. Gordon V. Oyer, ed. ants o f Johannes & Anna (Reiff) Detweiler, in­ sual arts: the Protestant image question in West­ Metamora: Illinois Mennonite Historical and cluding four generations of descendants of ern and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge, Genealogical Society, 1993. Pp. 241. EMU, Hans and Susanna Detweiler. Bountiful, UT: 1993. Pp, 232. MLA. FRE, MHL, MLA. Family History Pub., 1993. Pp. 774. MHL. Miller, Ella J. The growing generation o f Jacob Racism. (Beyond the news) Harrisonburg, VA: Smith. Marilyn. Crown o f life. Moundridge: Gos­ M. Miller, 1869-1992. Topeka, IN: Author, Mennonite Media Productions, 1993. 1 video. pel Publishers, 1992. Pp. 48. MHL. 1993. Pp. 76. MHL. MLA. Smucker, Barbara Claassen. Heinrich und das Milne, Drucilla. The Amish of Harmony. Harmony, Rauschenbusch, Walter and Ira D. Sankey. Rote Meer. Scottdale: Herald, 1993. Pp. 99. MN: Author, 1993. Pp. 134. MHL. Evangeliums-Lieder I und 2 (Gospel hymns) MLA. Moos, Mario von. Bibliography of Swiss gene­ mit deutschen Kernlieder. Rosenort, MB: Snyder, William T. William ’s wit & wisdom. Edgar alogies. Camden, ME: Picton, 1993. Pp. 839. Prairie View, 1993. Pp. 350. EMU, MHL. Stoesz, comp. [Akron: MCC, 1992]. 1 v. MLA. MHL. Reaman, G. Elmore. The trail of the Black Wal­ Stauffer, Mary. A sketch o f Hahnstown history, Multiculturalism and Ukrainian Canadians: iden­ nut. Reprint. Baltimore: Geneal. Pub. Co., 1993. 1793-1993. 2nd ed. Ephrata: Author, 1993. Pp. tity, homeland ties, and the community’s future. Pp. 267. MHL. 44. MHL. Stella Hryniuk and Lubomyr Luciuk, eds. Redekop, Gloria L. Neufeld. Mennonite women’s Stoner, John. Interventions of truth: Christian Downsview, ON: Univ. of Toronto, 1993. Pp. societies in Canada: a historical case study. Peacemaker Teams. Chicago: CPT, 1993. Pp. 89. MLA. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Univ. of Ottawa, 1993. Pp. 287. 19. MHL. Müntzer, Thomas. Revelation and revolution: EMU, MHL, MLA. Swinger, Marlys. The kingdom of God's justice. basic writings of Thomas Müntzer. Michael G. Redekop, Vern. Scapegoats, the Bible, and crimi­ Choral ed. Farmington, PA: Plough, 1993. Pp. Baylor, tr. & ed. Bethlehem: Lehigh Univ., nal justice: interacting with Rene Girard. (New 57. MHL. 1993. Pp. 256. MLA. perspectives on crime and justice; 13) Akron: ______. The kingdom of God’s justice as fore­ Näf-Hatt, Emil. Stammbaum der Familie Näfvon MCC U.S., 1993. Pp. 50. EMU. told by Isaiah. Farmington, PA: Plough, 1992. Zürich und Kappel gewidmet der jetzigen Gen­ Regier, Alma. History and genealogy of John M. 1 compact disc. MHL. eration. Reprint of 1901 ed. Princeton Junction, (1865-1923) and Margaretha (Rempel) (1872- Table Singers Four. In thy holy place: 45 voices NJ: Neff Family Historical Society, 1993. Pp. 1956) Classen. Meade, KS: Author, 1993. Pp. celebrate the Church hymnal (1927). Leola, PA: 13. EMU. 146. MHL. Harmonies Workshop, 1993. 1 cassette. EMU. Es Nei Teshtament. Special Pennsylvania Dutch- Renkewitz, Heinz. Hochmann von Hochenau Tanis, James and Daniel Horst. Images of discord: English ed. South Holland, IL: The Bible (1670-1721). Philadelphia: Brethren Encyclo­ a graphic interpretation of the opening decades League, [1993]. Pp. 912. EMU. pedia, 1993. Pp. 148. MHL. o f the Eighty Years’ War = De tweedracht Neufeld, Arnie. A family portrait: stories and ad­ Research guide to German-American genealogy. verbeeld: prentkunst als propaganda aan het ventures of the Klassen/Peters family. Winkler, Mary Bellingham, ed. St. Paul: Germanic Ge­ begin van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog. Bryn Mawr, MB: Heritage Valley Publications, 1993. Pp. nealogy Society, 1993. Pp. 215. MLA. PA: Bryn Mawr College Library; Grand Rap­ 138. FRE, MHC, MHL. Ringenberg, William C. The business of mutual ids: Eerdmans, 1993. Pp. 123. MLA. Neufeldt, Leonard. Yarrow. Windsor, ON: Black aid: 75 years o f the Brotherhood Mutual In­ The Teachable moment: a Christian response to Moss, 1993. Pp. 55. FRE, MHL, MLA. surance Company. Fort Wayne: Brotherhood the native peoples o f the Americas: a supple­ Niditch, Susan. War in the Hebrew Bible: a study Mutual Insurance Company, 1992. Pp. 85. ment to the 10 Lesson Series. Winnipeg: MCC in the ethics of violence. New York: Oxford, EMU, FRE, MHL, MLA. Canada, 1993. Pp. 258. MHL. 1993. Pp. 180. MLA. Romeijn, Gerrit Jan. Doopsgezinden aan Teacher education handbook: Eastern Mennon­ Nieuwendijk, G. van den. Het laat je niet koud weerszijden van de Atlantische Oceaan: een ite College Education Department. Doperse leergang. Amsterdam: Doopsgezinde zoektocht naar gemeentebeleving in een aantal Harrisonburg, VA: EMC Office of Teacher Edu­ Jeugd Centrale, 1992. Pp. 53. MHL. Doopsgezinde gemeenten in Nederland en de cation, 1993. Pp. 36. EMU. Nightingale, Marianne. Get creative. Moundridge: Verenigde Staten = Mennonites across the At­ Tepper, Michael. American passenger arrival Gospel Publishers, 1993. Pp. 109. MHL. lantic: a search for perceptions o f congrega­ records. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., Ninety-eight selected songs: addition to Church tional life in a number o f Mennonite congrega­ 1993. Pp. 142. MHL. and Sunday school hymnal. [S.I.: s.n.], 1993. tions in the United States and the Netherlands. Thiessen, Elmer John. Teaching for commitment. Pp. 50. MHL. Amsterdam: Author, 1993. Pp. 45, 14. MHL, Buffalo, NY: McGill-Queen’s Univ., 1993. Pp. Pankratz, Elsie Penner. Through the years: mem­ MLA. 332. MHL. oirs of Elsie Penner Pankratz. Newton: Roth, Lorraine. John and Anna (Zehr) Wagler Thompson, Glenn. Prisoners on the plains: Ger­ Wordsworth, 1993. Pp. 142. EMU, MLA. family history and genealogy. New Hamburg, man POWs in America. 2nd ed. [Holdrege, NE]: Penner, Chris. Zacharias-Hiebert family history: ON: John Wagler Family Book Committee, Phelps County Historical Society, 1993. Pp.

26 MENNONITE LIFE 298. MLA. Minnesota, 1812-1898 and his descendants, Toews, Jacob D. Poems o f this and that, of now Toevs, Toavs, Taves, Taevs. Knoxville: Tennes­ and then. Rosenort, MB: Jim Baerg, 1993. Pp. see Valley Pub., 1993. Pp. 284. MLA. 207. MHL. Wire, Doris Deppe. A brief histoiy of Bethany Toews, Margaret Penner. First afire, then a still Bible Fellowship Church, 1893-1993. small voice. Abbotsford, BC: Author, 1993. Pp. Whitehall, PA: The Church, 1993. Pp. 84. MHL. 120. MHL. Workman, Jay. The complete guide to Kansas ______. Fourth watch. Abbotsford, BC: Au­ museums. Wichita: Wichita Eagle and Beacon thor, 1993. Pp. 128. MHL. Pub., 1993. Pp. 160. MLA. Toews, Robert D. Victory voices. Rosenort, MB: Yes, we 'll gather: singing hymns with Alice Parker. Prairie View, 1993. Pp. 79. MHL. Chicago: Liturgy Training Pub., 1993. 1 video. Troyer, Mrs. Walter. My favorite songs and po­ MHL. ems (old and new): around 140 songs and po­ Yoder, Martha B. Hettie’s story: a brief back­ ems. Clymer, NY: Author, 1993. Pp. 113. MHL. ground and early life of Hettie H. Martin Trutanow, Igor. Russlands Stiefkinder: ein Bauman Weaver. Bridgewater, VA: Author, Deutsches Dorf in Kasachstan. Berlin: 1992. Pp. 9. MHL. Basisdruck Verlag, 1992. Pp. 253. MHL. Yoder, Owen. Dichten und Trachten. Crofton, KY: Ulstein, Stefan. Pastors off the record: straight Author, 1993. Pp. 54. MHL. talk about life in the ministry. Downers Grove, Yoder, Ruth S. and Sara E. Hartzler. Descendants IL: InterVarsity, 1993. Pp. 246. MLA. o f Moses E. Yoder, 1846-1993. Reedsville, PA: Unger, Isaac. Skeena aground. Winnipeg: Author, Authors, 1993. Pp. 111. MHL. 1992. Pp. 115. MHC. Yoder, Verna. Family history o f Daniel E. and Unpartheyisches Gesang-Buch, enthaltend Fannie (Borntrager) Nissley descendants. Do­ geistreiche Lieder und Psalmen, zum ver, DE: Author, 1993. Pp. 128. MHL. allgemeinen Gebrauch des wahren Zhu, Jun. A model of the age patterns of births by Gottesdienstes/auf Begehren der Brüderschaft parity in natural fertility populations. Thesis der Mennonisten Gemeinen, aus vielen (Ph.D.)—Princeton, 1993. 1 microfilm. MHL. Liederbüchern gesammelt; mit einem Zielke, Irina and Rainer Zielke. Ratgeber ’92 dreyfachen Register. [Lancaster]: Verlag von Familienforschung GUS/Baltikum. Münster in den Amischen Gemeinden, 1993. Pp. 483, 19. Westfalen: Zielke-Verlag, 1992. Pp. 23. MHL. EMU. Zorrilla C., Hugo. San Juan de la Cruz: desde la Unruh, Janelle. Break forth into singing. Scio, OR: espiritualidad anabaptista. Fresno, CA: Author, Author, 1993. Pp. 20. MHL. 1993. Pp. 125. MHL. Verheus, S. L. Naarstig en vroom: doopsgezinden in Haarlem, 1530-1930. Haarlem: Rombach, No Date 1993. Pp. 320. EMU. Verzeichnis der Kirchenbücher im Evangelischen Ein Gesang-Buch von Deutsche Melodies. Zentralarchiv in Berlin. Berlin: Evangelisches Hillsboro, OH: [s.n.], [19??]. Pp. 64. MHL. Zentralarchiv in Berlin, 1992. 1 v. MHC. Vogt, Esther Loewen. The lonely plains. Camp Hill, PA: Horizon House, 1993. Pp. 195. MLA. Wagler, David L. Stories behind the news. Bloomfield, IA: Brookside, 1993. Pp. 509. EMU, MHL, MLA. Walsmith, Timmie Berkey. Genealogy of Jacob Berkey and related families, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Santa Maria, CA: Author, 1992. Pp. 103. MHL. Ward, W.R. The Protestant evangelical awaken­ ing. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ., 1992. Pp. 370. MLA. Weaver, Katie. Descendants of Emanuel (Mona) D. & Lizzie (Wengerd) Yoder, Wayne County, Ohio, 1838-1993. Dundee, OH: Author, 1993. Pp. 36. MHL. Weaver, Robert Kean. Chains of titles for some early land owners of the Strasburg Village area, Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania: a legal perspec­ tive. St. Augustine, FL: Author, 1993. Pp. 317. MHL. Weber, Lester G. Ancestral line of John Musser Weber and descendants of John Musser Weber and Elizabeth (Gehman) Weber. Nottingham, PA: Author, 1993. Pp. 100. EMU. Wenger-Hege, Dora. Ein Hof, zwei Kriege, drei Generationen. [S.I.: s.n.], 1993. Pp. 72. MHL. Wiens, Frank J. That’s the way it was: events and stories o f my life. Hillsboro: Author, 1993. Pp. 73. MLA. Wiese, Luella Toevs. Franz Toews: from Heubuden, West Prussia to Mountain Lake,

JUNE 1995 27 result is a thorough discussion of the which Christ accepted none of Mary’s Book Smyth congregation that should stand, flesh. Reviews for now, as the standard work on the A thorough section on free will sheds subject. light on Smyth’s relationship to One of Coggins’ contributions is his Arminianism. Coggins makes a con­ revised chronology of the events in vincing argument that the members of James R. Coggins. John Smyth’s Con­ question, even though some of his con­ Smyth’s congregation took their free gregation: English Separatism, Men- clusions are based on rather shaky evi­ will position from the Mennonites nonite Influence, and the Elect Nation. dence, such as the order of manuscripts rather than the Arminians. In discuss­ Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1991. Pp. in the archives (p. 77). Some of the new ing state-church relations and other 240. ($29.95) ISBN 0-8361-3109-6 dating, such as when the schisms oc­ points of Anabaptist theology, Coggins’ curred, adds greatly to our understand­ use of the 1527 Schleitheim Confes­ James Coggins’ monograph fills a ing of theological developments. For sion is problematic. He upholds it as small but significant gap in church his­ example, Coggins challenges tradition an Anabaptist standard for the Dutch tory. The author retraces the footsteps when he determines that Robinson’s Mennonites, without demonstrating a of John Smyth and the members of his group decided to defect before Smyth connection between this Swiss confes­ covenant community on their physical advocated believers’ baptism. Another sion and the Dutch Anabaptists. The and spiritual journey to the Dutch Men- important contribution of the book is writings of Menno Simons might have nonites. A group of approximately 150 the discussion of the Smyth-Mennon- provided more appropriate comparison English Separatists who immigrated to ite merger. Here Coggins suggests that for the Dutch context. the Netherlands in 1608, the Smyth the English congregation’s application The age-old question remains: What, congregation joined the Waterlander to join the Mennonites actually contrib­ if anything, did the Baptists absorb branch of the Amsterdam Mennonites uted to the break-down of a fragile from their contact with continental several years later. Mennonite alliance (the Bevredigde Anabaptists-Mennonites? Apparently, Before that happened, however, there Broederschap). He further postulates, Smyth and his group embraced believ­ were two schisms in the Smyth con­ and rightly so, that there may have been ers’ baptism before they had significant gregation, each with significant con­ practical considerations in the merger contact with the Amsterdam Mennon­ sequences. Over half of the members, of the two churches, such as a need for ites. In a fascinating section on “the led by John Robinson, left shortly af­ suitable marriage partners for the nu­ elect nation,” Coggins shows how ter arrival in Amsterdam because of merous singles in the Smyth congre­ Helwys’s religious nationalism pre­ theological differences and joined gation. Coggins might also have ex­ vented him from accepting the leader­ Separatists already established in plored the possibility that the English ship and culture of the Dutch Mennon­ Leiden; many of Robinson’s following members were in need of material aid, ites. Nor could Helwys tolerate the participated in the Pilgrim migration which the wealthy Waterlanders were Smyth and Mennonite rejection of to America. A tiny faction under the in a position to provide. Christian government. In the end leadership of Thomas Helwys went Coggins’ strength is in his treatment Coggins concludes that the Baptist un­ back to England, founding the church of the theological dimensions of derstanding of free will and the con­ that came to be known as General Bap­ Smyth’s congregation. The group was cept of church-state separation came tists. shaped by two fundamental concepts. from Mennonite influence via Helwys. Coggins’ history of the Smyth follow­ First was their adherence to the Sepa­ Coggins includes several useful ap­ ers—a revision of his 1986 doctoral ratist view of covenant, resulting in pendices: annotated lists of members dissertation for the University of Wa­ requirements for strict obedience to of the Smyth, Robinson, and Helwys terloo—may be too specialized for the God’s way and commitment to one an­ congregations, and original translations general reader. However, those inter­ other within the group. Second was of two Latin documents discussed at ested in English Separatists, the early their belief in revelation beyond Scrip­ length in the book. The most signifi­ seventeenth-century Dutch Mennon­ ture (“further light”), which led to com­ cant of these is a defense of Mennon­ ites, and the origins of the Baptists and mitment to the truth on an individual ite leader Hans de Ries’s “Short Con­ American Congregationalists will find level. Coggins maintains that the splits fession,” which Coggins attributes con­ it a good addition to their libraries. within the congregation were so bitter vincingly to Smyth. While the stories of Smyth, Robinson, because of the unavoidable tension The greatest weaknesses in this book and Helwys have been recounted many between these two fundamentals. An­ might have been corrected by a re­ times already, Coggins synthesizes, other important Smyth doctrine was a search trip to the actual sites of the analyzes, and critiques much previous strong Old Testament-New Testament events in question. For example, al­ work on the John Smyth Separatists, dualism, which eased the though Coggins explains the impor­ plus adds a new dimension by empha­ congregation’s acceptance of several tance of studying the community mem­ sizing the importance of all the mem­ Waterlander Mennonite beliefs, includ­ bers rather than just the leaders (p. 26), bers in the covenant community. The ing their controversial christology in he does not expand his Dutch sources

28 MENNONITE LIFE for these individuals beyond munici­ vides the historical background for the proved useful in determining the lum­ pal marriage records. Regarding cer­ newly constructed replica of the ber used. This whole project illustrates tain Smyth followers, he relies on sec­ Friesen Mill in Hillsboro. The author that important information can be gath­ ond-hand information from the well- explores the history of not only the ered from sources other than written. known Waterlander minutes, Reynier Friesen Mill and Miller Jacob Friesen’s Every effort was made to reconstruct Wybrandsz’s “Memoriaal” rather than family, but milling in Marion County, the mill accurately. The project is a making use of the original manuscript Kansas. In addition, the process used good case study for how to go about source (available on microfilm at the to reconstruct the Friesen Mill is de­ reconstruction. The time and planning Mennonite Library and Archives, scribed in detail. it takes to do it correctly is also evi­ Bethel College). Had he delved further The original mill was built by Miller dent. For example, lumber had to be into the Amsterdam archives, Coggins Jacob Friesen in 1875-1876 in the Rus­ specially rough-sawn and air dried for could have found more information on sian Mennonite village of Gnadenau, about a year to achieve the proper ef­ some Smyth followers in other munici­ southeast of present-day Hillsboro. The fect. pal and congregational sources, which wind-driven grist mill was in operation In later chapters, Goertzen discusses may have clarified some of the many for the next 15 to 20 years with modest milling traditions among Mennonites unknowns. For example, examination success. The last verified date of op­ and the importance of the mill to the of the Waterlander church account eration was circa 1897. In the latter community. The author includes a brief books might help to pinpoint when the years, the mill served primarily the history of milling in Russia and notes Smyth congregation moved into the so- Gnadenau village. The only photograph that the occupation often became a called Bakehouse (a crucial point of of the mill was taken in 1904 and it is family tradition. A section on “Wind contact with the Mennonites) and to clear that it was no longer in use at that Powered Mills in Kansas” shows that what extent the members received ma­ time. The author has researched exten­ the Mennonites were not the only terial aid from the Mennonites. sively newspaper accounts, census people that utilized the Kansas winds. It is unfortunate that the few illustra­ records, and manuscripts to provide a A brief paragraph on each of the wind­ tions are too small and dark to be help­ detailed account of the Friesen Mill and mills is included. The problems of de­ ful, such as the reproduction of signa­ the family that operated it. pending on the winds for power and tures on page 89 which are not at all The background of Miller Jacob the dangers of the occupation is also legible. In other cases, better pictures Friesen is interesting and provides the described. would have been available. For ex­ modern reader with clues to life in The Friesen Mill contains a great deal ample, one small photograph shows the Russia as well. The author notes that of information about mills and milling site of the congregation’s meeting Friesen was an inventor and he had a in Kansas. The author has included ge­ place, the Bakehouse, which is now patent from Czar Alexander Nicolai of nealogical information which at times torn down (p. 60), but several interest­ Russia for his fanning mills. Friesen gets in the way of the narrative with ing illustrations of the building exist was also a skilled builder and cabinet all the names and dates. To readers not on contemporary bird’s-eye maps of maker. All of these skills he put to good familiar with the Friesen and Wiebe Amsterdam. use in Kansas. Friesen is credited with families, information on family con­ These problems do not diminish the building several structures in Marion nections, while interesting, is confus­ overall significance of this book. County in addition to the mill. ing. All of this information could have Coggins’ lucid treatment of the theo­ The chapter entitled “Reconstruction been combined in the chapters dealing logical dimensions of the Smyth con­ of the Friesen Mill” by Richard Wall with the family information at the back gregation and his re-establishment of was of particular interest. Wall de­ of the book, similar to how the author chronology render this volume a valu­ scribes the history of the project from handled the early millers of Marion able contribution to church history. the 1940s to 1991 when serious plan­ County. A general bibliography of ning for the project was begun. He ex­ sources consulted would also be help­ Mary S. Sprunger plains the sources consulted, any de­ ful. Eastern Mennonite University viations from the original mill and how The chapter on Early Millers in Harrisonburg, Virginia they arrived at their conclusions. Re­ Marion County will be an excellent construction of the mill was begun in resource for future reference. Arranged Peggy Goertzen. The Friesen Mill and May 1992. There was only one photo­ alphabetically, the “millers” in Marion Early Milling in Marion County, Kan­ graph in existence of the original mill County from 1870-1905 are listed and sas. Hillsboro, KS: Hillsboro Histori­ and limited written material. The pho­ vital statistic information is included cal Society and Museum, 1994. Pp. tograph was relied upon to determine in a brief paragraph. 182. ($9.95 paperback) ISBN 0- external details and dimensions. Sev­ The book is an excellent source docu­ 9641307-0-X eral artifacts, including the mill stones menting the reconstruction of the and cast iron bearing box from the Friesen Mill in Hillsboro. The book The book The Friesen Mill and Early original mill, were studied. A barn re­ makes it clear that all sources avail­ Milling in Marion County, Kansas pro­ portedly built by Miller Friesen also able were utilized to ensure that the mill

JUNE 1995 29 was reconstructed as accurately as pos­ to the commercial and museum exhib­ third edition, tourism is discussed— sible. Also included throughout the its of their quilts. An unlikely assort­ without reference to the important de­ book are photographs of the Friesen ment of novelists, poets, historians, bates and literature on tourism and family, their homes, the original mill, journalists, filmmakers, artists, anthro­ commodification of cultural objects— and other mills in Marion County and pologists, sociologists, agronomists, on merely four pages. Yet the author Kansas, which were very helpful. It is and philosophers use them as a bench­ acknowledges that “tourism as an en­ evident that hours of careful research mark to determine how far we have re­ terprise had invaded all major Amish and planning were the basis for the moved ourselves from our precapitalist communities....”1 And in the new edi­ project and many individuals worked agrarian past or nature. Liberals and tion, he writes that “today the Amish very hard to insure the success of the conservatives find in them inspiration are the unwilling objects of a thriving project. The book The Friesen Mill will for the discussion of place, community, tourist industry on the eastern sea­ provide the general reader with excel­ locality, rurality, regionalism, family board.” Had Hostetler focused his lens lent background on the Friesen Mill and values, and the work ethic. To others— on the commodification of Amish milling in Kansas. like the controversial plant geneticist clothing, quilts, food, and furniture, and and sustainable agriculturalist, Wes the tourist marketing of their lifestyle, Kristine Schmucker Jackson—the Amish are a window into we might have learned about how the Mennonite Heritage Museum the future, even a guidepost on our way Amish/modernity opposition has con­ Goessel, Kansas to a sustainable society. tributed to their cultural distinction. From Harvard and the Sorbonne to MacCannell, for example, argues that Northern Colorado State, students of ethnic identities can become “recon­ John A. Hostetler. Amish Society. Bal­ religion, sociology, and anthropology structed ethnicity” due to pressures timore: Johns Hopkins University are introduced to our “exotic other” from the dominant culture and tour­ Press, 1993. Pp. 435. ($14.95, paper­ through John Hostetler’s pioneering ism.2 Although recent (1940s), and a back) ISBN 0-8018-4441-x work, Amish Society. Now in its fourth small part of a three-hundred year edition, Hostetler’s work has played a United States history, tourism among From the rich and productive farm­ prominent role in shaping both schol­ the Amish may be a defining moment lands of Lancaster County, Pennsylva­ arly and popular representations of the where the “primitive” or “traditional” nia and Holmes County, Ohio to the Amish. In its third edition, Amish So­ is made exotic and then sold as com­ parched prairies of south central Kan­ ciety was an academic publisher’s modities to consumers of authenticity.3 sas, the Amish have entered the Ameri­ dream: it sold a stunning 50,000 cop­ Hostetler views tourism as a necessary can imagination. They have become a ies. And in its fourth edition, Johns evil that Amish elders unwillingly ma­ significant cultural curiosity. Every Hopkins University Press is happy to nipulate and control to ensure eco­ year millions of tourists visit Old Or­ report that it is selling at an even faster nomic viability within a highly com­ der Amish communities. Hotels, re­ pace. Hostetler, scholar and activist, petitive market economy (p. 4). The sorts, ethnic restaurants, campgrounds, has influenced the ways that the me­ folk/urban opposition cannot, however, bakeries, and antique shops surround dia, popular culture, social scientists, account for how a “constructed” Amish their agricultural settlements, selecting the Amish, other religious groups, and ethnicity is a necessary precondition for from among the myriad symbols of an tourist and civic boosters, have con- tourism. That is, tourists do not travel agrarian past those that suit their par­ structed-in opposition to modernity- to see the Amish unless the latter have ticular commercial needs. Like the a uniquely “premodern” ethnic com­ already entered the American imagina­ Bushman in South Africa, they are ex­ munity. Amish Society remains the tion as “traditional” or “primitive.” It otic in our midst. As in the South Afri­ standard for amateur and professional might be argued that Amish ethnicity can film, The Gods Must Be Crazy, alike. is in part constructed in the same way American filmmakers draw from The strength of Hostetler’s oeuvre that Bell Hooks has argued that Afri­ Amish images to explore an imagined lies in his proximity to everyday life. can-American ethnicity is constructed: past, our imagined past. The Amish A former Amishman, Hostetler cap­ we buy the “others” food, clothing and replace the native American. We know tures the subtleties of the ordinary. furniture to “spice up a dull dish.”4 more about them; they are “unspoiled” From the first to the newest edition, he More important, however, is the con­ and “authentic.” And like the Bush­ demonstrates mastery of the exotic par­ spicuous absence of a description and man or native American, they face ticulars. However, herein lies the sig­ discussion of the increasing role of questions about the nature and perme­ nificant weakness throughout his work. wage labor. In the second edition, 10 ability of their communities and iden­ In attempting to capture the unusual, pages were devoted to the discussion tities. Hostetler devotes little time to the im­ of economics. In the third edition, an Nearly everyone, old and young, ru­ portant work of examining the grow­ entire chapter was devoted to soil pro­ ral and urban, recognizes them—from ing importance of tourism and wage ductivity and management, work and the Amish-inspired fashion spreads in labor. In the second edition, tourism seasonal activities, and nonfarm work. the fall 1993 Ralph Lauren collection merits only a single sentence. In the In the new edition, it appears as if eco-

30 MENNONITE LIFE nomic life for the Amish has come to a to participate in the institutions de­ sites of million dollar tourist industries; virtual standstill: only ten paragraphs signed to build national identities, but and their crafts, furniture, and food are have been added and these accomplish they also exist because the state pro­ rarely marketed as “ethnic.” Moreover, little beyond a description of environ­ vides for unique exceptions to that very very few are acquainted with the mental concerns. Otherwise, no new same national identity. In dozens of Hutterian Brethren, yet nearly every­ data has been presented and there are court battles, they have argued for pa­ one knows the Amish. In comparing no substantive changes. Yet scholar­ rochial education and military exemp­ the Amish in the American imagina­ ship abounds with descriptions of the tion based on their right to specific tion—with our lack of popular, scien­ many ways that the Amish are being privileges not assured other groups. tific, and humanist interest in the transformed by the marketplace and the The fact that the nation provides these Hutterites and other groups, for ex­ nation. guarantees is an irony of Amish persis­ ample—we might gain new insight into From the first to the fourth edition, tence and raises significant questions the idealization, legitimatization, and Hostetler has portrayed the Amish as about the limits and challenges of cre­ normalization of certain cultural groups “folk” or “closed” and, as such, mem­ ating and maintaining national and lo­ while others are ignored or worse, ma­ bers experience face-to-face interac­ cal identities.5 ligned. These negative comments tions, extended families, mutual aid, There continues to be a conspicuous aside, I will continue to use Amish So­ use of simple technology, strict age and absence of women in Hostetler’s work. ciety in my introductory classes, and sex division of labor, and oral trans­ There is the Amish family, mate-find­ we will all be the beneficiary of John mission of knowledge. And unfortu­ ing, married-pair living, personal rela­ Hostetler’s important insights into the nately, this “autarkic” representation of tionships, children and parents, food inner workings of Amish life. Amish communities has been em­ and table, recreation and leisure, the braced by many scholars—as well as mature years, retirement, marriage and Jeffrey L. Longhofer journalists, novelists, poets—to engage birth, and death. All of this without University of Missouri-Kansas City in the oppositional writing of history. women? What about the unmarried It is often argued, for example, that we women? How do they fare in work, Jerry Floersch know about our own chaotic and dif­ retirement and daily life? And those University of Chicago ferentiated nuclear family when it is without family? What about the many compared with the integrated and ex­ women working a second shift?—at 'John Hostetler, Amish Society (Baltimore: tended Amish family. But instead of home in the burdensome work of main­ Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), 308. :Dean MacCannell, Empty Meeting Grounds: deriving our understandings of ethnic taining a household with few techno­ The Tourist Papers (New York: Routledge, 1992), and cultural diversity from artificially logical inputs while engaged in baking 159. constructed dichotomies, we should or the production of crafts for the bur­ 'Bell Hooks, Black Looks: Race and Represen­ seek to discover their ethnicity by as­ geoning tourist industry? With the cur­ tation (Boston: South End Press, 1992). 4Ibid.,p. 21. suming that the Amish are as much “of rent pressures placed on Amish house­ ■'’Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities the world as they are in it” (p. 22). By hold to work “out,” Amish women (London: Verso, 1991). assessing how the Amish have become shoulder the extra burden. Are they culturally distinct, how they assert dif­ invisible farmers? ferentiation, and at what social costs, What remains consistently disap­ social scientists could investigate the pointing throughout Hostetler’s oeuvre limits and potentialities of maintaining is the lack of comparison, the great cultural differentiation through reli­ strength of his discipline, cultural an­ gious and other forms of autarky. thropology. His intimate familiarity Hostetler has suggested that Amish with the Hutterian Brethren, for ex­ separation of church and state—mani­ ample—the historically related cous­ fested in parochial education, military ins of the Old Order Amish and com­ exemption, and non-participation in munal agriculturalists on the Great Social Security and welfare pro­ Plains—would provide an extraordi­ grams—is a cornerstone to their suc­ nary opportunity to account for the dif­ cessful cultural persistence. Yet, might ferences among these pacifist, reli­ we use their unique church/state rela­ gious, and putatively autarkic groups. tion and their limited interactions with Even though Hutterian communal ex- outsiders to explore larger questions pansion-from 700 to 35,000 members about how culturally diverse commu­ living on 350 colonies—is as impres­ nities relate to one another, as well as sive as the Amish, they have not en­ to the broader social totality—the na­ tered the American imagination. The tion-state? The Amish maintain par­ Hutterians are not the object of Holly­ tial differentiation because they refuse wood films; their colonies are not the

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