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Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Trematode Centrocestus This article was downloaded by: [Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México] On: 21 February 2014, At: 12:09 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uahh20 Trematode Centrocestus formosanus Infection and Distribution in Ornamental Fishes in Mexico César Ortega a b , Raúl Fajardo b & Ricardo Enríquez a a Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , A. P. 4–56, Toluca, Mexico b Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Austral de Chile , Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile Published online: 09 Jan 2011. To cite this article: César Ortega , Raúl Fajardo & Ricardo Enríquez (2009) Trematode Centrocestus formosanus Infection and Distribution in Ornamental Fishes in Mexico, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 21:1, 18-22 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-022.1 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. 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Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms- and-conditions Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 21:18–22, 2009 [Communication] Ó Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2009 DOI: 10.1577/H07-022.1 Trematode Centrocestus formosanus Infection and Distribution in Ornamental Fishes in Mexico CE´ SAR ORTEGA* Centro de Investigacio´n y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Auto´noma del Estado de Me´xico, A. P. 4–56 Toluca, Mexico; and Instituto de Patologı´a Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile RAU´ L FAJARDO Centro de Investigacio´n y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Auto´noma del Estado de Me´xico, A. P. 4–56 Toluca, Mexico RICARDO ENRI´QUEZ Instituto de Patologı´a Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile Abstract.—The aim of this study was to determine the the parasite has spread into several regions of the ornamental fish species affected by the metacercariae of the country (Scholtz and Salgado-Maldonado 2000; Sal- digenean trematode Centrocestus formosanus and its distribu- gado-Maldonado et al. 2001b), including Morelos tion in 48 fish farms in Morelos, central Mexico. The parasite State, which is the main ornamental fish production was found to form various numbers of branchial cysts in 11 of area and one in which the cohabitation of species in the 25 species analyzed. Goldfish Carassius auratus was the most commonly affected species; 20 of 30 farms were positive soil ponds and irrigation canals is common (Oficina de for this parasite, the fish showing severe clinical signs and Pesca, Secretarı´a de Agricultura, Ganaderı´a, Desarrollo having a high mortality rate. For the first time in the region, koi Rural, Pesca y Alimentacio´n–Morelos, unpublished (a variant of common carp Cyprinus carpio), zebrafish Danio data). We carried out this study in Morelos to rerio, suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus and blue document what species were being affected by C. gourami Trichogaster trichopterus (also known as the threespot formosanus, the distribution those species, and the gourami) were positive; meanwhile, Mexican tetra Astyanax factors facilitating its presence in the region. mexicanus, which had previously been reported positive in other studies in this region, was found to be negative. The Methods parasite was observed in fish from 27 of the 48 farms studied. Ten of 15 municipalities had farms that were positive for the Sampling.—Between June and December 2003, parasite. These results suggest that the distribution of C. sampling was carried out on 48 ornamental fish farms formosanus is closely related to the use of water that had been belonging to the Asociacio´n de Productores de Peces de contaminated with the parasite and to the presence of a snail, Ornato of Morelos State, a society of ornamental fish thered-rimmedmelaniaMelanoides tuberculata. producers. Assuming a prevalence of 10% (OIE 2004), we conducted directed sampling by collecting 30 young In Mexico, the presence of the digenean trematode and adult fish from each species present at a particular Centrocestus formosanus has been reported in wild and farm, beginning with animals showing some sign of captive fish. According to Lo´pez-Jime´nez (1987), the disease; the remaining fish were sampled randomly. parasite was introduced into the country in 1979 when The fish were placed in plastic bags containing water the black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus was imported and oxygen and transported to the Department of Downloaded by [Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México] at 12:09 21 February 2014 from China; in contrast, Amaya-Huerta and Almeida- Aquatic Animal Health at the Centre of Research and Artigas (1994) suggested that the presence of the Studies in Animal Health at the Universidad Auto´noma parasite was a consequence of the introduction of the del Estado de Me´xico in Toluca. sporocysts or rediae carried by a snail, the red-rimmed Necropsy.—At the laboratory, the fishes were melania Melanoides tuberculata, which was imported sacrificed by an overdose of anesthetic (p-aminobenzo- as fish feed. However, the first report of its presence in ate [100 mg/L]; Veterquimica, Santiago, Chile) and Mexico was in 1985 (Lo´pez-Jime´nez 1987); since then, underwent external and internal examination to discover any damage or abnormalities. The gills were removed * Corresponding author: [email protected] and wet mounts examined under a stereoscopic Received April 20, 2007; accepted May 5, 2008 microscope to determine the presence or absence of C. Published online March 30, 2008 formosanus cysts (Ve´lez-Herna´ndez et al. 1998). 18 COMMUNICATION 19 TABLE 1.—Prevalence of branchial infection with C. formosanus metacercariae among analyzed species of ornamental fish from Morelos State, Mexico. Farms Fish Number Number Number General Species Number positive analyzed positive prevalence Goldfish Carassius spp. 30 20 900 434 48.2 Mexican molly Poecilia sphenops 27 1 810 2 0.23 Southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus 23 12 690 278 40.3 Guppy Poecilia reticulata 19 5 570 134 23.5 Koi Cyprinus carpioa 12 7 360 117 32.5 Green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri 12 5 360 121 33.6 Zebrafish Danio rerioa 11 7 330 142 43 Suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomusa 10 3 300 11 3.7 Blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterusab 6 2 180 5 2.8 Convict cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum 4 1 120 2 1.7 Giraffe cichlid Nimbochromis venustusa 5 1 150 3 2 Freshwater angelfish Pterophylum scalare 6 0 180 0 0 Zebra Malawi cichlid Metriaclima zebra 5 0 150 0 0 Siamese fightingfish Betta splendens 4 0 120 0 0 Midas cichlid Cichlasoma citrinellum 4 0 120 0 0 Bluegray mbuna Melanochromis johanni 309000 Pleasant cichlid Apistogramac 206000 Goldfinned barb Puntius sachsi 206000 African jewelfish Hemichromis bimaculatus 103000 Sunset dwarf gourami Trichogaster lalius 103000 Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus 103000 Oscar Astronotus ocellatus 103000 Corydorases Corydora spp. 1 0 30 0 0 Sarape tetra Hyphessobrycon eques 103000 Tiger barb Capoeta tetrazonad 103000 a First report of C. formosanus in this species in Morelos. b Also known as threespot gourami. c Also known as A. agassizi. d Also known as Puntius tetrazona. Positive fish were defined as those with at least one 30 animals, yielding a total 5,760 fish. We found 11 of branchial cyst. Positive farms were defined as those at 25 species to be positive for branchial infection; the which at least one fish of any species was diagnosed proportionally most affected species started with with C. formosanus branchial infection. goldfish Carassius auratus, followed in decreasing Identification of C. formosanus.—Branchial cysts order by zebrafish Danio rerio, southern platyfish were mechanically broken to obtain the metacercariae, Xiphophorus maculatus, green swordtail X. hellerii, which were treated with Berland’s liquid, fixed in and koi (a variant of common carp Cyprinus carpio) Bouin, and then stained with Gomory trichrome, (Table 1). The parasite had previously been document- Delafield’s hematoxylin, and Mayer’s paracarmine ed in Morelos in green swordtail (Salgado-Maldonado (Vidal-Martinez et al. 2001). Permanent preparations et al. 1995); goldfish, Mexican molly, green swordtail, were made in Canada balsam, which allowed us to southern platyfish, and convict cichlid (Scholz and check the characteristics that lead to identification in Salgado-Maldonado 2000); Mexican tetra, guppy, accordance with the definition set out by Salgado- Mexican molly, and convict cichlid (Salgado-Maldo- Downloaded by [Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México] at 12:09 21 February 2014 Maldonado et al.
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