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Study of Nesting Behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone Paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from Southern West Bengal, India

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Study of Nesting Behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone Paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from Southern West Bengal, India PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Study of nesting behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from southern West Bengal, India Nilemesh Das & Shuvadip Adhikari 26 April 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 6 | Pages: 13782–13785 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4868.11.6.13782-13785 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2019 | 11(6): 13782–13785 Study of nesting behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) from southern West Bengal, India Short Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Nilemesh Das 1 & Shuvadip Adhikari 2 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1 ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Insttute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700120, India. 2 Ecotoxicology Project Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Block LB, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India. 2 Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: The Asian Paradise Flycatcher has always been a famboyant brooding, and feeding of the young (Mizuta & Yamagishi passerine to be photographed quite ofen throughout the Gangetc 1998). It is relatvely robust to habitat loss, evident Bengal in India, but hardly any behavioural documentaton is enlisted tll date. The nestng behaviour of the subject bird encompassing its from its appearance in forest edges and urban green parental behaviours was studied on a wetland stretch of Ishapore, spaces. Combined with its extraordinarily widespread southern Gangetc Bengal. The present study mainly deals with the nestng behaviour, incubaton actvites, hatching, and parental care distributon, it is not locally nor globally threatened and is to fedging of a wild pair. The behavioural changes at par with the currently rated as Least Concern (LC) by the Internatonal changing weather conditons and the neighbouring species too were Union for the Conservaton of Nature (IUCN 2019). studied. Studies on the courtship, nestng, and feeding behaviour Keywords: Bart Beel, behaviour, brooding, courtng, fedging, are available sparsely (Mizuta & Yamagishi 1998; Gokula hatching, incubaton, Ishapore, parental care, Passeriformes. & Vijayan 2003). Many sightngs of this passerine variety were noted throughout the state but no informaton on its biology, ecology, or behaviour is available from The Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi the lower Gangetc plain despite a good number of is a medium-sized passerine bird that inhabits forests photographic records. The present work aimed to study and well-wooded habitats in diferent parts of Asia. It the behavioural aspects of the Asian Paradise Flycatcher is a widespread resident in the Indian subcontnent in relaton with courtship, nestng, and parental care and migrates seasonally. In West Bengal State in India, from the southern part of West Bengal. however, the species is a summer visitor (Grimmet et al. 2011; Rasmussen & Anderton 2012). Asian Paradise Study site Flycatcher exhibits sexual dimorphism. Breeding pairs The study area was located near a wetland named are monogamous. Being socially monogamous, both Bart Beel (Bengali: lake; 22.782°N & 88.391°E) in male and female take part in nest-building, incubaton, Ishapore, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. It is an DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4868.11.6.13782-13785 Editor: P.O. Nameer, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4868 | Received 02 February 2019 | Final received 09 April 2019 | Finally accepted 12 April 2019 Citaton: Das, N. & S. Adhikari (2019). Study of nestng behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from southern West Bengal, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(6): 13782–13785. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4868.11.6.13782-13785 Copyright: © Das & Adhikari. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: Authors thankfully acknowledge Dr Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay, UGC Emeritus Fellow, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, for his comments during feld study and manuscript preparaton. Special thanks to Mr Rajib Kumar Paul, Dr Mriganka Bhangar, and Mr Prasun Kumar Chakraborty for their immense help and support during the study. 13782 Nestng behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Das & Adhikari isolated place with very less human actvites or of eggs was not confrmed in one go. A safe hideout disturbances. The forest covered a long range of mostly at a distant bush resulted in locatng/recording the bamboo vegetaton, with mango and guava trees lining repeated visits of the couple to the nest, with alternate a narrow mud path. Agricultural felds, ponds, and the (mostly, the female was engaged in the incubaton wetland area are fooded during the monsoon. process) intervals of sitng (assumed to be incubatng the eggs), which confrmed the presence of eggs in the Behaviour study nest, though the number could not be confrmed then. Observatons were carried out from 05 June to 19 July Being socially monogamous, both male and female took 2017 on a single nest. The observatons were made from part in nest-building, incubaton, brooding, and feeding a safe hide-out with proper camoufaged clothing and of the young. A sudden heavy rain on the 11th day of ambience. A considerable distance from the nest was the observaton period showed the fact that both the maintained to avoid disturbances during observaton. A parents guarded the nest sitng at its edges spreading pair of Olympus 8×40 DPS I binoculars and Nikon Coolpix their wings. A stroll along the circumferental area where P600 camera was used for documentaton. Tree and nest the nest was spoted confrmed the presence of nests of heights and distances were measured by TruPulse 300 a few other species, namely Lineated Barbet Megalaima laser range fnder. The girth of the tree at chest height lineate, Coppersmith Barbet M. haemacephala, and was measured using a measuring tape. The birds were Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus. On the 27th day not marked, the size of the clutch was not measured, of the observaton period, the peeping of a chick was the and nest was not touched or brought down for observed inside the nest. The act of feeding the juvenile measurement purposes even afer being deserted by by the parents in alteraton, mostly again by the female, birds as chances remained for another couple to use the facilitated the documentaton. Right afer six days (i.e., same. on the 33rd day of the observaton period) from the frst observaton of the chick, two more chicks were observed Results and Discussion inside. Since the nest was not hampered or no atempt The nest was built at a height of 4.15m in the branch was made to have an eye-level view of the nestng, the of a Mango Tree Mangifera indica (height 6.35m, girth exact clutch size could not be determined; however, the 179cm). The nest was chiefy made with twigs and number of chicks (here, three in number) could possibly spider webs on the end of a short branch. The nest give an overview of the same. The feeding behaviour was located on the third day of the observaton period was observed prior to fedging, even when the chicks (Table 1). Initally, due to the height at which the nest were capable of coming out of the nest to the nearby was located and the tendency of the observers to not twigs/branches. Feeding mostly comprised of ants, disturb the ambience and the conditon of the nest, small insects, and damselfies torn into parts. it was not approached directly. Hence, the presence The breeding season of the species lasts from May to Table 1. Chronology of the breeding cycle of Asian Paradise Flycatcher at Bart Beel in West Bengal, India. Day in the Date Observaton at nest site observaton period 05.vi.2017 1 Three to four Asian Paradise Flycatcher (rufous) seen in the study area. 07.vi.2017 3 Nest was found. 12.vi.2017 8 Repeated atending of both the parent to the nest confrmed the presence of eggs. 14.vi.2017 10 Incubaton was done by both the parents, the female being a bit more regular. A sudden heavy rain showed the fact that both parents guarded the nest sitng at the edges spreading their 15.vi.2017 11 wings.
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