Edited by Karam Y. Maalawi Modeling, Simulation and Optimization Wind of Farms and Hybrid Systems The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. Modeling, Simulation and The main target, hopefully by 2050, is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. This book discusses important issues in the expanding field of wind farm modeling Optimization of Wind Farms and simulation as well as the optimization of hybrid and micro-grid systems. Section I deals with modeling and simulation of wind farms for efficient, reliable and cost- and Hybrid Systems effective optimal solutions. Section II tackles the optimization of hybrid wind/PV and renewable energy-based smart micro-grid systems. Edited by Karam Y. Maalawi ISBN 978-1-78985-611-8 Published in London, UK © 2020 IntechOpen © photosoup / iStock Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems Edited by Karam Y. Maalawi Published in London, United Kingdom Supporting open minds since 2005 Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91639 Edited by Karam Y. Maalawi Contributors Marwa Ibrahim, Essam El Shenawy, Nagwa Khattab, Mervat Badr, Hassan Shaarawy, Marwa Shalaby, Mariola Jureczko, Tony Stephens, David Walwyn, Alexandre Brouste, Alain Bensoussan, Grażyna Łaska, Biao Wang, Elias Tsoutsanis, Cheng Siong Chin, Chu Peh, M Venkateshkumar, Enas Shouman © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2020 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. 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No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. First published in London, United Kingdom, 2020 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, 7th floor, 10 Lower Thames Street, London, EC3R 6AF, United Kingdom Printed in Croatia British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from [email protected] Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems Edited by Karam Y. Maalawi p. cm. 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For more information visit www.intechopen.com Meet the editor Karam Y. Maalawi is a professor of Aeronautics and Mechanics at the Mechanical Engineering Department, National Research Centre in Cairo, Egypt. He holds a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from Cairo University. Dr. Maalawi has published extensively in the field of structural optimization and wind turbine design and performance. Likewise, he has utilized the vast range of knowl- edge at his disposal to contribute to several research projects regarding aerospace engineering technology, wind turbine structures and renewable energy applica- tions. For his outstanding contributions to his profession, the National Research Centre has recognized him with two awards for engineering sciences. He has been presented with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award and en- dorsed by Marquis Who’s Who as a leader in the aerospace engineering industry. Contents Preface XIII Section 1 Wind Farms Modeling Simulation and Optimization 1 Chapter 1 3 Global Prediction of Wind Energy Market Strategy for Electricity Generation by Enas Raafat Maamoun Shouman Chapter 2 33 Modeling and Simulation of Offshore Wind Farms for Smart Cities by Cheng Siong Chin, Chu Ming Peh and Mohan Venkateshkumar Chapter 3 47 Wind Energy and Multicriteria Analysis in Making Decisions on the Location of Wind Farms: A Case Study in the North-Eastern of Poland by Grażyna Łaska Chapter 4 65 Development of Mathematical Models to Explore the Potential of Wind Fleets to Decarbonize Electricity Grid Systems by Anthony D. Stephens and David R. Walwyn Chapter 5 85 Optimal Bidding in Wind Farm Management by Alain Bensoussan and Alexandre Brouste Chapter 6 101 Urban Wind Energy Evaluation with Urban Morphology by Biao Wang Section 2 Optimization of Hybrid and Micro-Grid Systems 143 Chapter 7 145 Hybrid Wind and Solar Systems Optimization by Mervat Abd El Sattar Badr Chapter 8 163 Optimization of Stand-Alone Hybrid Solar-Wind System by Using General Morphological Analysis by Mariola Jureczko Chapter 9 183 A Dynamic Performance Model for Hybrid Wind/Gas Power Plants by Elias Tsoutsanis Chapter 10 205 Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind/PV/Diesel Water Pumping System: A Case Study in Egypt by Nagwa M. Khattab, Mervat A. Badr, Essam Tawfik El Shenawy, Hassan H. Sharawy and Marwa S. Shalaby Chapter 11 225 Optimization of Renewable Energy-Based Smart Micro-Grid System by Marwa Mohsen Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman XII Preface The reduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. The European Union, United Kingdom, United States and Canada have embraced a goal of achieving “net-zero” greenhouse gas emissions economy-wide by 2050. The main target is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector, and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. Therefore intensive research and collaborative projects dealing with the installation of many wind turbines and solar panels, both onshore and offshore, are taking place with the main objective of decarbonizing electricity grid systems through the exploitation of wind and solar power. In fact, the rapidly plunging costs of wind and solar resources makes renewable energy the least costly option for new clean and reliable power. This book presents relevant achievements in the expanding field of wind farms mod- eling and hybrid systems optimization. The contributing authors combine simulation and optimization of wind farms and hybrid wind/solar systems with description of the implemented mathematical approaches. All chapters were reviewed for their technical contents as stated by the individual authors. As such, the editor assumes no responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the typing itself. Section I is comprised of six chapters tackling the global wind energy market and design optimization of wind farms, which is a multidisciplinary engineering challenge and mainly consists of selecting and distributing wind turbines on the wind farm site as well as analyzing energy production. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the world wind energy market, current and forecasting development globally, and cost of wind energy historical growth. Chapter 2 presents a systematic approach to simulate an offshore wind farm for smart cities. The subsystems of several variable-pitch wind turbines, namely rotor blades, drive train, and induction generator, are modeled to form a wind farm. The total output power of the wind farm by considering multiple wind turbines with the wake losses (using the Jensen wake model) can be simulated with any input wind speed. In order to validate the accuracy of the simulation, a case study on a German offshore wind farm called NordseeOst is presented. The simulation shows promising results with an average error of approximately 5% when compared with the real-time output of the wind farm. The results