Phase 3 Fairham Pastures, Land East of Nottingham Road, Clifton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire

Written Scheme of Investigation: Archaeological Evaluation

NGR: SK 54510 33121 Planning Ref.: 14/01417/OUT PCAS job no. tbc Site code: FPTE 20

Prepared for Fairham Pastures Ltd. by A. Lane

September 2020

PCAS Archaeology Ltd 47, Manor Road Saxilby Lincoln LN1 2HX Tel. 01522 703800 e-mail [email protected]

Fairham Pastures Phase 3, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI: Archaeological Evaluation

Contents

Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Site Location and Description 2 3.0 Topography and Geology 3 4.0 Planning Background 3 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 4 6.0 Archaeological Requirement 6 7.0 Methodology: Fieldwork and Recording 7 8.0 Methodology: Post-Fieldwork 9 9.0 Timetable and Personnel 11 10.0 Insurance 11 11.0 Monitoring Arrangements 12 12.0 Other Factors 12 13.0 Contacts 12 14.0 References 12

Figures

Fig. 1: Site location map at scale 1:25,000. Whole development site shown in lime, with Phase 3 outlined in red. (OS mapping © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. PCAS licence no. 100049278). Fig. 2: Greyscale geophysics (Bunn, 2014), showing tram way excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3 Fig. 3: Interpretive geophysics (Bunn, 2014), showing tram way excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3 Fig. 4: Lidar images and tramway excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3

Fairham Pastures Phase 3, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI: Archaeological Evaluation

Non-Technical Summary

A phased programme of archaeological investigation is currently taking place in association with the Fairham Pastures development, south of Clifton, where a large mixed development including c.3000 dwellings, employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities is being constructed. This document details the methodology of the evaluation of Phase 3, on the east Side of Nottingham Road.

The earliest activity identified in the vicinity of Phase 3 is the pit alignments, enclosure and burial mound dating from the Bronze Age, found ahead of the tramway park and ride development immediately northwest of the Site. Further pit alignments have been found on the western half of the Fairham Pastures development, west of Nottingham Road, with Bronze and Iron Age settlement, enclosures etc. recorded here. This work has identified the topographically high points in this landscape as key in this period. Ridge and furrow are evidence of the medieval open field system here, and historic mapping shows that Phase 3 lies entirely within Common Pasture, a post-enclosure relic of the medieval field system. This area was also used as a practice bombing range in the early 20th century, with a UXO survey having been completed here.

This document describes the archaeological methodology that will be adopted to investigate the potential of Phase 3 of the Fairham Pastures development, to inform and advise any further archaeological mitigation required within this Phase. It is subject to the approval of the Senior Archaeology Officer for Nottinghamshire County Council.

Figure 1: Site location map at scale 1:25,000. Fairham Pastures site shown in lime, with Phase 3 outlined in red. (OS mapping © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. PCAS licence no. 100049278).

1 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation

1.0 Introduction

PCAS Archaeology Ltd. was commissioned by Fairham Pastures Ltd. to prepare a specification for a scheme of archaeological evaluation trenching within Phase 3 of the Fairham Pastures development, to the east of Nottingham Road, south of Clifton, in the Rushcliffe Borough of Nottinghamshire. The overall development is for 3000 new dwellings, employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities, occupying an area of approximately 253.5ha of what is currently predominately open arable land (Lime on Fig 1). Phase 3 (red on Fig 1) lies on the east side and adjacent to Nottingham Road. Previous phases of investigation on the west side of Nottingham Road have been undertaken in association with the development, and further archaeological investigations will follow as other areas are cleared. The purpose of this evaluation is to ensure that any significant archaeological remains within Phase 3 the development footprint are taken fully into consideration as part of the development process, to ensure their proper recording in the county Historic Environment Record, and to determine whether any further archaeological intervention is required in order to mitigate any potential damage to the archaeological record (by preservation in situ or by further investigation and recording). As advised by the Senior Archaeological Officer for Nottinghamshire, trenches are targeted on the topographic high ground within Phase 3, with scattered trenches across the remainder of the area.

This document is a specification (written scheme of investigation) for a programme of archaeological evaluation trenching. It follows current best practice and appropriate national guidance including:

• NPPF, National Planning Policy Framework, 2019;

• CIfA Code of Conduct (2019 as revised);

• CIfA Standards and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluations (2020);

• Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE v1.2, 2015, Historic England)

2.0 Site Location and Description (Fig. 1)

Clifton is a village and small civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire. It lies primarily on the southeast side of the A453 south of the River Trent, on the southwest periphery of Nottingham. Clifton Lane / Nottingham Road is a local road extending south from the village centre towards the neighbouring village of Gotham.

The site lies to the immediate south of Clifton, directly east of Barton in Fabis and to the north of Gotham, Nottinghamshire. The entire site encompasses c.253.5ha of predominately open arable land, centred on approximate NGR SK 54447 32734 (lime on Fig 1). Phase 3 lies on the east side of Nottingham Road; it can be split into two with the larger comprising the northern end of a larger field (c.10.4 hectares) to be developed as a residential site, and part of a second field at the southeast corner that will become a public open space (c.2.5 hectares). These areas are currently divided by a field boundary, and have both previously been under arable cultivation.

The approximate central NGR of Phase 3 is SK 54510 33121.

2 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 3.0 Topography and Geology

The bedrock geology of Phase 3 is variable. The east and west of the Phase is Arden Sandstone, a sedimentary bedrock formed in a river setting; the floodplain of an ancient river (thinly bedded layers of grey, green and purple mudstone interbedded with grey-green to buff siltstone and fine-medium grained green, brown, buff and mauve sandstone) while the central area is dominated by Edwalton Member Mudstone, also a sedimentary bedrock but formed in desert conditions (red brown with grey-green patches). There are Head deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel close to the north-south field boundary running through Phase 3 (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). Trench 12 of the AOC Archaeology evaluation lay within Phase 3 of the development, recording topsoil 0.40m, subsoil 0.10m covering an orange brown sandy natural with pebbles and stones, with mixed clays towards the east end of the trench which represent the Head deposits (Morris, 2015).

The overall site comprises a number of large fields, primarily under arable cultivation. The highest part of the site is found at Mill Hill to the south-west of Clifton, on the north-western part of the site, which lies at a level of 80m above the Ordnance Datum (OD). From the peak of the hill the land descends towards the south-east, where lower and flatter ground occurs in the Fairham Brook flood plain, at an elevation of approximately 30m OD.

Phase 3 of the Site comprises part of two fields, and lies on a c.southeast facing slope, with levels of c.55m OD in the northwest corner, falling to c.40m OD along the southern edge of the Phase. Within this there are some undulations, with four topographically high points identified; three in the northern half of the Site and one in the south. These areas are targeted for more intensive investigation.

4.0 Planning Background

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) came into force in March 2012 (updated February 2019). This places the responsibility for dealing with heritage assets affected by development proposals with the developer. Paragraphs 189 of the revised guidelines states that: Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment, and where necessary, a field evaluation.

Outline planning permission for a large residential development (c.3000 dwellings), employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities, at Fairham, land east and west of Nottingham Road, Clifton was conditionally approved in May 2019 by Rushcliffe Borough Council. The permission included a condition for archaeological evaluation of the site, according to the proposed development phasing, with the results to inform any further mitigation to be employed in relation to that phase. A development phasing plan was approved as a condition discharge under ref: 20/00476/DISCON.

Previous archaeological works at the Site include evaluation trenching by AOC Archaeology and in Association with Phases 1 & 2 of the development two schemes of trenching and targeted excavation and trenching on the west side of Nottingham Road by PCAS Archaeology.

This document details the methodology of a program of archaeological evaluation on Phase 3 of the site, to be undertaken prior to any other groundworks in this area, to investigate the potential for below ground archaeology and inform and assist in the design of any required mitigation strategy. It details both the fieldwork methodology and the post-excavation reporting and archiving procedures and timetable.

3 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background

A detailed archaeological and historical background has already been compiled for this project, in the form of a desk-based assessment compiled by WSP Environmental UK in 2008, and by the results of the geophysical survey undertaken by Pre-Construct Geophysics in 2014.

Fieldwalking schemes in and around the Site have recovered a range of Prehistoric flint tools, including a Palaeolithic scraper and Neolithic and early Bronze Age tools. At the southwest corner of the development area there is a Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (NHER) entry for a possible Prehistoric settlement site at Barton in Fabis (NHER ref: 18275), where a cropmark of a rectilinear enclosure corresponds with a concentration of 37 flint tools and fire-cracked pebbles, all indicating an early prehistoric site. Recent excavations here by PCAS Archaeology have confirmed features, including at least two roundhouses and a pit alignment here.

Excavations by Trent and Peak Archaeology (Davies, 2014 – report to be made available to all those undertaking fieldwork and post-excavation reporting and analysis, Figure 2-4)) ahead of the construction of the tramway Park and Ride at the northwest corner of Fairham Pastures (west side of Nottingham Road) revealed a large causewayed enclosure, three pit alignments and at least one burial mound, interspersed with other ditches and groups of pits. The early Bronze Age burial mound lay towards the southwest corner of the tramway site. To the east of it lay the pit alignments, all featuring parallel rows of pits. Two extended roughly east-west, comprising of 63 pits and 25 pits respectively, with the final alignment of 33 pits lying of a c. northeast-southwest orientation. The pottery recovered from them indicate backfilling in the Iron Age, therefore the pits themselves were probably excavated in the Bronze Age or early Iron Age. One of the east-west pit alignments was truncated by a later Iron Age ditch on the same alignment, probably replacing the earlier boundary marked by the pits, which extended east beyond the limit of excavation towards Nottingham Road; This ditch and earlier pit alignment is projected to continue eastwards onto the topographically high point at the northern edge of Phase 3, where P3 A3 is targeted for more intensive trenching. To the north of the pit alignments lay a causewayed enclosure, comprising of four sections of ditch together forming an oval enclosure (101m x 71m) with four distinct entrances. Artefacts recovered from the enclosure ditches include 2 sherds of Neolithic – early Bronze Age pottery, Mesolithic – Bronze Age flints and abraded Iron Age pottery, with dating interpreted as more likely Neolithic – Bronze Age and the Iron Age pottery resulting from later backfilling from nearby occupation.

The Site lies in a wide landscape of late Iron Age and/or Roman remains. There is a scheduled Roman site to the north of Glebe Farm (c. 1km south of Fairham Pastures Site boundary) which is identified as a large nucleated settlement and villa complex. Occupation here originates in the Iron Age, and continues throughout the Roman period. (list entry 1020821). Scatters of pottery and coins have been found on Brands Hill to the west or Remembrance Way and east of Nottingham Road (HER ref: L7952, L10982, L5508, L11096). Just beyond the northwest corner of the Site a large enclosure dating from the 2nd – 4th century is recorded (Her ref: MNT26932).

The settlements of Barton-in-Fabis, Clifton and Gotham were all established in the Saxon period at the latest, all being recorded in the Domesday Book, however the Site lies removed from these settlement cores and was likely utilised for agriculture by the community living in Clifton in the Saxon and medieval periods. There is a disperse scatter of pottery recovered from across the Site, likely the result of soil improvement of common fields in the medieval and early post-medieval periods, supported by the presence of ridge and furrow recorded in some trenches of the evaluation completed within the Site to date.

4 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation The desk-based assessment (Meek, 2009) identified and reproduced part of the 1835 Sanderson map for the area, showing that at this time much of the northeast corner of the Fairham Pastures Site was Common Pasture, a relic of the medieval open fields system, while the remainder of the site had been enclosed into small fields. Phase 3 of the development lies entirely within the Common Pasture (See Figure 5 of the DBA).

Clifton Pastures was used as a bombing range during the wartime period (a UXO survey has been completed across the Site, Wilkinson, 2020). The Ruddington Local History Society refer the site in their book about the Royal Ordnance Factory (now Rushcliffe Country Park) “Bombs to Butterflies”, gives the details of an interview with an old Ruddington resident: “Clifton Pastures in the early days was used as a bombing range and battle aircraft and very old that were useless to modern warfare was being used. You could go down there and you could recover the whole bomb if you were lucky, they were smoke bombs in the main. We used to cycle over to Clifton and over the pastures and most of the farmers used to yell at us quite frequently.”

Previous investigations A previous archaeological assessment of the majority of the site area was undertaken in 1997 and 1998 by John Samuels Archaeological Consultants (JSCA 1997 and 1999), which involved desk- based study, aerial photographic analysis, fieldwalking and some geophysical survey. The results of the surveys were inconclusive, but demonstrated that the site had been subject to truncation from ploughing.

A fluxgate gradiometer survey was undertaken across available areas of the whole the site in 2014 by Pre-Construct Geophysics (Bunn, 2014 Figure 2-4). This has since been updated with the newly available areas to the southwest of Heart Lees Wood etc. Despite the large target area, the survey identified some limited geophysical indicators of potential archaeological remains. The strongest potential feature identified was a group of linear anomalies appears to define ditches that encompass the western part of a rectilinear enclosure to the south of Heart Lees woods on the west side of Nottingham Road. East of Nottingham Road there was a small cluster of 4 possible pits close to the northern Site boundary, a second possible cluster of features close to where enabling works access road on the east side of Nottingham Road will take place (PCAS sitecode: FERM 20) go through the Site, and a handful of other potential linear features or discrete pits across the rest of the Site. The parallel linear anomalies usually attributed to ridge and furrow were identified in some areas. No evidence of the potential continuation of the pit alignment or associated ditch excavated as part of the tramway project (Davies, 2014) was identified in the geophysics survey results.

In 2015, AOC Archaeology Group (AOC, 2015) undertook an archaeological evaluation of 22 trenches over the whole proposed development site (Figure 2-4). They encountered limited archaeology, one ditch in Trench 9 with a ditch yielding a single sherd of Romano-British pottery, and an undated ditch likely a former field boundary in Trench 8, both on the east side of Nottingham Road. There were traces of heavily truncated ridge and furrow in Trenches 6, 7, 8, 9 and 20. Trench 12 of the AOC evaluation which lay within the area now identified as Phase 3 was void of any archaeological features.

Two further phases of more intensive trenching have been undertaken on the west side of Nottingham Road by PCAS Archaeology Ltd (Sleap, 2020 & Brocklehurst 2020). These trenches confirmed the presence of ridge and furrow, best preserved on the lower slopes in this area. There were also undated ditches and pits interpreted as agricultural features, and a small corpus of post-medieval building material recovered from a former field boundary.

At the time of writing a scheme of targeted excavation is being undertaken on the west side of Nottingham Road. Four initial areas were targeted, with wide trenches and larger excavation areas. The results of this work are ongoing, however a complex of features

5 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation including a pit alignment, two round houses, enclosures and boundary ditches and at least one cremation burial have been confirmed in the southwest corner of the Fairham Pastures site, with another enclosure and associated pit alignment extending southeast on the eastern site boundary. In Area 4 of the targeted excavations the NE-SW pit alignment first identified in the Trent and Peak Tramway excavation is confirmed extending southwest. In addition, enabling works including the excavation of the main road into the east side of the site is currently being monitored.

6.0 Archaeological Requirement

Archaeological evaluation is required across the whole site prior to any construction groundworks, including ground clearance. A UXO survey has been made and the Site cleared for intrusive excavations (Wilkinson, 2020). Archaeological investigatioons are being completed in phases according to the development plan. This evaluation is for Phase 3 of the development.

Geophysical survey of the area of Phase 3 was completed in 2014, identifying a handful of potential anomalies on a ridge of higher ground towards the centre of Area 3. Landscape assessment and consideration of the results of archaeological work on the west side of Nottingham Road has identified the topographically high points in this landscape as having the highest archaeological potential, therefore this scheme of trenching targets those areas most intensively.

A total of 38 2mx20m trenches are proposed, with a focus on those four areas within Phase 3 that have been identified as topographically high point in the landscape and scattered trenches in the areas where a lower potential is anticipated. The four areas of highest potential are identified as P3 Areas 1-4. The trenching plan is shown in Figures 2-4, overlain on greyscale and interpretive geophysics, and Lidar.

The purpose of the evaluation should be to gather sufficient information to establish the presence or absence, extent, depth, condition, character, quality and date of any archaeological deposits. Environmental evidence should be taken into account.

The site should not be treated in isolation, and reference should be made to relevant historical sources and previous archaeological work in the area when interpreting the results. The results will be considered and analysed alongside the results of other archaeological works in the Fairham Pastures site as well as the tramway excavations by Trent and Peak Archaeology at the northwest corner of the site.

The overall research aims of the project, in line with the research aims and agendas detailed in the East Midlands Research Framework (Knight et al, updated 2012) are to investigate any features associated with the Prehistoric remains excavated at the tramway site and on the west side of Nottingham Road, where there appears to be zones of activity including ritual, domestic and agricultural, and to investigate further the role the identified pit alignments had as potential boundaries (later replaced by ditches?) within this landscape.

The results of the evaluation will be used in assessing the potential impact of the development on any significant archaeological deposits. It will inform and advise any further archaeological mitigation that is required in association with Phase 3 of the development.

An online record of the project data shall be initiated with the Archaeological Data Service (OASIS database) before fieldwork commences, and completed at the end of the project, including an uploaded digital copy of the report.

6 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 7.0 Methodology: Fieldwork and Recording

The trenches will be positioned according to the approved trenching plan, allowing for minor adjustment due to the presence of unforeseen obstacles such as services etc. A visual check for overhead cables and CAT (buried services) check will be made of each trench position prior to the start of excavation. A UXO report has been completed and identified the risk as ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Practicable). Final trench positions will be tied to the OS National Grid using full RTK GPS co-ordinates which is accurate down to 0.03m.

The trenches will then be opened under archaeological supervision to the first archaeologically significant horizon, the maximum safe working depth or the natural geology, whichever is encountered first. Unless ground conditions (e.g. concrete or compacted rubble – not ancitipated) dictate otherwise, a toothless bucket will be used for machine excavation; routinely, topsoil will be removed separately from underlying material and piled on the other side of the trench, in order to facilitate reinstatement.

Archaeological deposits encountered will then be cleaned and defined by hand. Features that may be considered worthy of preservation in situ will be avoided as far as possible.

Where identified, archaeological features will be examined sufficiently to determine their date, character and survival condition and then recorded by measured plan and section drawings at appropriate scales (normally 1:10 or 1:20), incorporating Ordnance Survey datum heights. As a minimum, 50% of discrete features and 10% of linear features will be excavated where the whole of the feature is exposed, with a minimum sample of a 1m wide slot in a short exposed length of linear feature; partially exposed features will be excavated as practicable, up to the whole of the exposed portion. Features that appear to require more extensive excavation than can be accommodated within the evaluation trench, or to warrant preservation in situ, will be cleaned and recorded, and excavated only so far as is necessary to ascertain their nature. Trenches in which archaeological remains are encountered will be planned at scale 1:20 or 1:50 as appropriate; where no features are encountered, the trench will be recorded by a sample section.

A written record of each significant stratigraphic horizon and archaeological feature will be made on standard PCAS context recording forms. These will be supplemented by a narrative account in the form of a site diary. The archaeologist will pay due attention to the landscape aspect of any exposed remains – both the cultural and the natural landscape – which may require a brief assessment to be made of neighbouring conditions (e.g. visible earthworks in adjacent areas, surface observation, standing buildings, vegetation cover etc).

A digital photographic record will be maintained during the course of the archaeological intervention. Photographs will incorporate an identification board, north arrow and vertical/horizontal scales as appropriate. The photographic record will include:

• general location shots depicting the area of works; • working shots chronicling the progress and recording the methodology of the groundworks; • individual features in plan and/or section as appropriate; • groups of features, where relationships are important.

Artefacts Ceramic and metal artefacts, animal and human bone and worked flints have been recovered during previous excavations in the vicinity of the Site, and the potential for waterlogged artefacts in sealed contexts cannot be dismissed.

All finds visible during the evaluation will be recovered and returned to PCAS offices for processing and initial identification. All finds will be bagged and labelled according to the

7 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation individual deposit from which they were recovered, ready for later cleaning, marking and analysis. All artefacts will be treated in accordance with UKIC guidelines First Aid for Finds (Watkinson & Neale 1998). A specialist assessment will be made of the artefacts recovered with a view to their potential for further study. Allowance will be made for preliminary conservation, Xray of iron objects, the stabilisation of all objects and an assessment of long term conservation and storage needs. Should any specific conservation requirements be encountered in the field, advice from the County Finds Liaison Officer will be sought immediately. The Finds Liaison Officer and the Senior Archaeology Officer will be informed immediately upon the discovery of any finds that could be considered treasure under the terms of the Act made during the process of fieldwork. All finds that qualify as ‘treasure’ under the 1996 Treasure Act (Treasure Act Code of Practice – 2002 revision) will be treated in accordance with the Act; HM Coroner will be informed and the finds will be safely stored.

Human Remains At least one human cremation burial has been found to date on the west side of Nottingham Road (c.1km SW of Phase 3), and a burial mound was recorded on the tramway site (c.200m NW).

The legislation concerning the exhumation of human remains was updated in 2014 (Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure 2014, No. 1 Section 2).

Evaluation methodology usually requires the exhumation of human remains be kept to a minimum, therefore if human remains are encountered, they will be left in situ where possible, and only disturbed if their continued presence will severely hinder the development processes, or if there are sound academic/scientific justifications for removal. If appropriate, an Exhumation License will be requested from the Secretary of State/Ministry of Justice and the local Environmental Health Officer advised.

Excavators should be aware of current legislation regarding human remains, and pay due attention to requirements of Health and Safety. All work involving human remains will be carried out according to the standards and guidelines recommended by the British Association of Biological Anthropologists and Osteologists in conjunction with the CIfA guidelines.

All reasonable requests of interested parties concerning the methods of removal, re-interral or disposal of the remains and associated items will be complied with, and attempts will be made at all times not to cause offence to interested parties.

Environmental Sampling Any securely stratified dated or undated archaeological deposits considered suitable will be sampled for the retrieval and assessment of the preservation conditions and potential for analysis of biological and environmental remains. Industrial residues and waste from craft and manufacturing processes are also routinely sampled. Where possible, deposits will be sampled in 40l quantities, less if necessary, and returned to PCAS offices prior to dispatch to the appointed specialist for processing and assessment. Sampling techniques and methods will be undertaken in accordance with the English Heritage (now Historic England) guidance as set out in Environmental Archaeology: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Methods, from Sampling and Recovery to Post-Excavation (Campbell et al, 2011, 2nd edition).

Particular attention will be paid at all times to the presence of lithics-bearing contexts and / or organic contexts, including those devoid of dateable finds, where the presence of burnt flint, charcoal and/or organic material suitable for dating by C14, thermoluminescence (TL), or other dating methods may be retrieved.

8 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 8.0 Methodology: Post-Fieldwork

Following completion of site works, all archaeological records and finds will be taken to the offices of PCAS prior to processing, dispatch and/or analysis.

Stable finds (e.g. pottery, bone etc) will be washed, marked and packaged at PCAS prior to dispatch. Unstable finds will be dispatched for remedial conservation as a prelude to assessment, and bulk samples will be dispatched for processing.

Following the completion of site works, any finds and/or environmental samples (bulk soil samples) will be dispatched for specialist identification/assessment. Following best practice guidelines, the specialists that have been engaged in association with previous phases of work at the Fairham Pastures Site will be contacted in the first instance, allowing for the robust analysis of the entire assemblage.

PCAS have used the services of the following specialists in the past and may use any/all of the following again, depending on suitability, availability etc.

Archaeological Contractors’:

• Durham University Archaeological Services (DUAS) staff – provides environmental archaeology services. • York Archaeological Trust (YAT) staff – identification and assessment of registered special finds; X-Ray analysis and Conservation Services. • Archaeological Project Services (APS) staff – provides a comprehensive service in most areas of post excavation analysis.

Other Freelance Specialists:

• Rowlandson – specialising in the identification / assessment of Prehistoric and Roman ceramics and building materials • Peachey – specialising in Prehistoric and Roman pottery, ceramic building materials and lithics; • M. Wood – specialising in registered and other finds, including slag, metal objects, worked stone and glass; • J. Wood – specialising in the identification / assessment of animal and human bone; • R. Sillwood – specialising in the identification / assessment of slag; • Dr Phil Mills & Dr J Evans – specialising in the identification / assessment of Roman pottery, and Roman & Medieval ceramic building materials • J Curl – specialising in the identification / assessment of animal bone & human remains. • J Young / A Daubney / J. Grey – specialising in the identification / assessment of post Roman pottery, ceramic building materials & fired clay. • Z. Tomlinson – specialising in the identification / assessment of metal objects, ceramic building materials, small finds. • Sarah Percival – specialising in the identification of Pre-Historic pottery /ceramics • C. Simpson – specialising in processing and assessment of environmental remains • M Bamforth – specialising in the identification / assessment of waterlogged wood • Dr Rachel Tyson – specialising in the identification / assessment of glass.

9 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation • Dr Rod Mackenzie – specialising in the identification / assessment of waste metal working residues. • Dr K Leahy – specialising in the identification / assessment of post Roman & early Medieval artefacts inc metal work. • T Lane – specialising in the identification / assessment of lithic materials and tools and small finds. • G. Taylor – specialising in the identification / assessment of small artefacts, including clay tobacco pipe, worked stone, metal objects etc. • Q Mould – specialising in the identification / assessment of leather artefacts. Following receipt of specialist accounts/archive reports, within six months of the completion of the fieldwork phase, a fully illustrated and appended text of the excavation results will be prepared in accordance with current guidelines and sent to the Senior Archaeology Officer for approval. All electronic submissions will be in single .PDF format. The final report will include the following minimum information:

• A non-technical summary • Museum accession number, site code and project number • Planning reference number • Grid reference, site location, topography and geology • Archaeological and historical background • A statement of aims and objectives of the project • A description and analysis of the fieldwork undertaken • A geo-referenced location plan at a minimum scale of 1:10,000 • A scaled overall site plan showing the accurately surveyed location of the development site in relation to known and speculated archaeological features (if appropriate) • Scaled section and plan drawings of all archaeological features encountered within the excavated area. • Discussion and conclusions, including the importance of the findings in local, regional and national basis and a critical review of the effectiveness of methodology • Tables summarising features and artefacts with full descriptions and brief interpretation • Specialist artefact and environmental reports, as necessary, with reference made to appropriate published type-series • Colour photographs, including general views and appropriate detail • Acknowledgements • Bibliography of sources used • Archive deposition location and agreed deposition date • A summary of the report’s presence and location on the OASIS online database

Copies of the evaluation report will be sent to the client, the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER) and the Senior Archaeology Officer to Nottinghamshire CC. Copies of the report will also be deposited with Nottinghamshire Archives as part of an ordered and indexed project archive. The data from the project, along with a digital copy of

10 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation the report, will be uploaded to the Archaeology Data Service OASIS (Online Access to the Index of archaeological investigations) database for public consultation.

Deposition of the report with the HER, where it will be incorporated into their database for public consultation, and uploading the project data to OASIS will be considered as placing the results of the project in the public domain. Where the significance of the results warrants it, wider publication of the results will be considered: the content and place of publication will be dependent on what is found, and be subject to discussion with the archaeological advisor to the planning authority.

Working under the terms of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988, PCAS shall retain full copyright with regard to written, digital and graphic material. However, following project completion, both the commissioning body, the Nottinghamshire HER and the Archaeology Data Service may, in the interest of informing and advancing the profession, make responsible use of the data, provided that any material copied or cited in reports is duly acknowledged and all copyright conditions observed.

Following acceptance of the report, a project archive (documentary and material) will be prepared in accordance with the guidelines contained in Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long Term Storage (UKIC 1990) and Standards in the Museum Care of Archaeological Collections (Museums and Galleries Commission 1992). The entire archive will be prepared at the offices of PCAS, and stored pending the identification of a suitable repository (Rushcliffe does not currently have a receiving archive for archaeological projects. When one is designated, an accession number will be sought and the project deposited).

9.0 Timetable and Personnel

A full report on the results of the project will be submitted within 2 months of the completion of the groundworks, providing this is compatible with the availability and timescales of the specialists consulted. In the event that the number or significance of the finds requires a longer assessment time, an interim report may be produced, in consultation with the client and the Senior Archaeology Officer to Nottinghamshire.

Details of the site team will be provided before site works commence on request. The site team will include an experienced Project Officer as a minimum. CVs will also be provided if requested.

10.0 Health and Safety

All work will be carried out in compliance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and its related regulations and codes of practice.

Employees and sub-contractors of PCAS Archaeology Ltd. will perform their duties in accordance with company safety policy (revised 2018). Where employees are temporarily engaged at other workplaces, they are to respect relevant local regulations, both statutory and as imposed by other employers within the Health and Safety at Work Act.

In furtherance of the duty of care imposed by the Health & Safety at Work Act, the Employer shall make available to his employees whatever reasonable facilities are required by particular circumstances, e.g. appropriate protective clothing, safety equipment, rest breaks for specialised tasks, etc.

A site risk assessment will be prepared prior to any site works taking place; this will be reviewed and updated as appropriate.

11 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation Utilities and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) surveys of Fairham Pastures have been made available from the client. The available plans show no active services across Phase 3, although water, telecom cables and gas pipes run along Nottingham Road on the western Phase boundary. The UXO survey identified a number of potential targets within Phase 3, but subsequent investigations have resulted in an overall assessment of ALARP – As Low As Reasonably Practicable. All staff should remain alert to the potential for services or UXO’s within this Site at all times.

11.0 Insurance

PCAS Archaeology Ltd. has the following insurance cover:

Employers’ Liability: £10,000,000 Public Liability: £5,000,000 Professional Indemnity: £1,000,000

12.0 Monitoring Arrangements

Internal monitoring will be the responsibility of Will Munford, Director, PCAS. The Senior Archaeology Officer for Nottinghamshire Council will be informed, with not less than one week’s notice, of the start of the monitoring programme. She will be kept informed of any unexpected discoveries and regularly updated on the project’s progress, and will be free to visit the site by prior arrangement with the site director.

13.0 Other Factors

Any potential financial outlay which may be activated over and above rudimentary costs (i.e. fieldwork, basic reporting and archive arrangements) has been calculated as provisional sums/contingencies which will be activated only after discussion with the client and the Senior Archaeology Officer.

14.0 Contacts

Ursilla Spence, Senior Archaeological Officer, NCC 01159 932603 / 07446 83831

Will Munford, PCAS Director 01522 703 800

15.0 References AOC, 2015, Land to the South of Clifton Nottinghamshire, Archaeological Evaluation Report

Brocklehurst, L, 2020, Phase 2 at Fairham Pastures, Land West of Nottingham Road, Clifton, Ruscliffe, Nottinghamshire: Archaeological evaluation report (sitecode FPWE 20). Grey literature document by PCAS Archaeology Ltd. Doc ref 2325

Bunn, D, 2014 ‘Archaeological Geophysical Survey. Land South of Clifton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire’, unpublished report

CIfA, 2020 Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation

CIfA, 2014d Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials

12 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation Davies, G, 2014, The Archaeology of Nottingham’s NET 2 Tram. Monograph 1- Final Client Report, The excavation of a prehistoric landscape at the Clifton Park and Ride terminus. Trent and Peak Archaeology report ref: 030/2014

Historic England, 2004 Human Bones from Archaeological Sites: Guidelines for producing assessment documents and analytical reports

Historic England, 2008 Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE). PPN 3: Archaeological Excavation

JSAC, 1997 ‘Archaeological desk-based Assessment of Land at Clifton, Nottinghamshire’, John Samuels Archaeological Consultants, Report No. JSAC/259/97/001

JSAC, 1999 ‘An Archaeological Assessment and Evaluation of land at Clifton, Nottinghamshire’, John Samuels Archaeological Consultants, Report JSAC/259/99/004

Knight, D, Vyner, B, & Allen, C, 2012, East Midlands Heritage An Updated Research Agenda and Strategy for the Historic Environment of the East Midlands, Historic England

Lane, A, 2020a, Archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation: Archaeological Monitoring and Recording Road Scheme Enabling Works, Land east of Nottingham Road, Clifton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire. Grey literature document PCAS Archaeology Ltd ref 2361

Lane, A, 202b, Archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation: Targeted Archaeological Excavation Fairham Pastures, Land west of Nottingham Road, Clifton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire, PCAS Archaeology grey literature document

Meek, J, 2008, An Archaeological Desk-based Assessment of land to the south of Clifton, Nottinghamshire (2009). Grey literature report by WSP Environmental UK

Ordnance Survey, 2015, Nottingham: Vale of Belvoir: 1:25 000 Explorer series no. 260. The Ordnance Survey, Southampton

Sleap, J, 2020(pending at the time of writing), Archaeological Evaluation Report: Phase 1 land at Clifton Pastures, Nottingham Road, Clifton, Nottinghamshire. Grey literature ref: PCAS report no.2204

United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, 1990 Guidelines for the preparation of Excavation Archives for long–term storage

Watkinson, D. And Neal, V., 1998 First Aid for Finds Wilkinson, J, 2020, Unexploded Ordnance Safety Sign-Off Certificate (Reducing Risks to ALARP, grey literature 6 Alpha project number P7390 https://planningon-line.rushcliffe.gov.uk/online- applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=N8EEDDNL01000

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