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Pre-Construct Archaeology Phase 3 Fairham Pastures, Land East of Nottingham Road, Clifton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire Written Scheme of Investigation: Archaeological Evaluation NGR: SK 54510 33121 Planning Ref.: 14/01417/OUT PCAS job no. tbc Site code: FPTE 20 Prepared for Fairham Pastures Ltd. by A. Lane September 2020 PCAS Archaeology Ltd 47, Manor Road Saxilby Lincoln LN1 2HX Tel. 01522 703800 e-mail [email protected] Fairham Pastures Phase 3, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI: Archaeological Evaluation Contents Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Site Location and Description 2 3.0 Topography and Geology 3 4.0 Planning Background 3 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 4 6.0 Archaeological Requirement 6 7.0 Methodology: Fieldwork and Recording 7 8.0 Methodology: Post-Fieldwork 9 9.0 Timetable and Personnel 11 10.0 Insurance 11 11.0 Monitoring Arrangements 12 12.0 Other Factors 12 13.0 Contacts 12 14.0 References 12 Figures Fig. 1: Site location map at scale 1:25,000. Whole development site shown in lime, with Phase 3 outlined in red. (OS mapping © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. PCAS licence no. 100049278). Fig. 2: Greyscale geophysics (Bunn, 2014), showing tram way excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3 Fig. 3: Interpretive geophysics (Bunn, 2014), showing tram way excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3 Fig. 4: Lidar images and tramway excavation results (Davies, 2014), overlain by Phase 3 areas of highest potential and trenches. 1:2500@ A3 Fairham Pastures Phase 3, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI: Archaeological Evaluation Non-Technical Summary A phased programme of archaeological investigation is currently taking place in association with the Fairham Pastures development, south of Clifton, where a large mixed development including c.3000 dwellings, employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities is being constructed. This document details the methodology of the evaluation of Phase 3, on the east Side of Nottingham Road. The earliest activity identified in the vicinity of Phase 3 is the pit alignments, enclosure and burial mound dating from the Bronze Age, found ahead of the tramway park and ride development immediately northwest of the Site. Further pit alignments have been found on the western half of the Fairham Pastures development, west of Nottingham Road, with Bronze and Iron Age settlement, enclosures etc. recorded here. This work has identified the topographically high points in this landscape as key in this period. Ridge and furrow are evidence of the medieval open field system here, and historic mapping shows that Phase 3 lies entirely within Common Pasture, a post-enclosure relic of the medieval field system. This area was also used as a practice bombing range in the early 20th century, with a UXO survey having been completed here. This document describes the archaeological methodology that will be adopted to investigate the potential of Phase 3 of the Fairham Pastures development, to inform and advise any further archaeological mitigation required within this Phase. It is subject to the approval of the Senior Archaeology Officer for Nottinghamshire County Council. Figure 1: Site location map at scale 1:25,000. Fairham Pastures site shown in lime, with Phase 3 outlined in red. (OS mapping © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. PCAS licence no. 100049278). 1 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 1.0 Introduction PCAS Archaeology Ltd. was commissioned by Fairham Pastures Ltd. to prepare a specification for a scheme of archaeological evaluation trenching within Phase 3 of the Fairham Pastures development, to the east of Nottingham Road, south of Clifton, in the Rushcliffe Borough of Nottinghamshire. The overall development is for 3000 new dwellings, employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities, occupying an area of approximately 253.5ha of what is currently predominately open arable land (Lime on Fig 1). Phase 3 (red on Fig 1) lies on the east side and adjacent to Nottingham Road. Previous phases of investigation on the west side of Nottingham Road have been undertaken in association with the development, and further archaeological investigations will follow as other areas are cleared. The purpose of this evaluation is to ensure that any significant archaeological remains within Phase 3 the development footprint are taken fully into consideration as part of the development process, to ensure their proper recording in the county Historic Environment Record, and to determine whether any further archaeological intervention is required in order to mitigate any potential damage to the archaeological record (by preservation in situ or by further investigation and recording). As advised by the Senior Archaeological Officer for Nottinghamshire, trenches are targeted on the topographic high ground within Phase 3, with scattered trenches across the remainder of the area. This document is a specification (written scheme of investigation) for a programme of archaeological evaluation trenching. It follows current best practice and appropriate national guidance including: • NPPF, National Planning Policy Framework, 2019; • CIfA Code of Conduct (2019 as revised); • CIfA Standards and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluations (2020); • Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE v1.2, 2015, Historic England) 2.0 Site Location and Description (Fig. 1) Clifton is a village and small civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire. It lies primarily on the southeast side of the A453 south of the River Trent, on the southwest periphery of Nottingham. Clifton Lane / Nottingham Road is a local road extending south from the village centre towards the neighbouring village of Gotham. The site lies to the immediate south of Clifton, directly east of Barton in Fabis and to the north of Gotham, Nottinghamshire. The entire site encompasses c.253.5ha of predominately open arable land, centred on approximate NGR SK 54447 32734 (lime on Fig 1). Phase 3 lies on the east side of Nottingham Road; it can be split into two with the larger comprising the northern end of a larger field (c.10.4 hectares) to be developed as a residential site, and part of a second field at the southeast corner that will become a public open space (c.2.5 hectares). These areas are currently divided by a field boundary, and have both previously been under arable cultivation. The approximate central NGR of Phase 3 is SK 54510 33121. 2 Fairham Pastures, Clifton, Nottinghamshire WSI - Archaeological Evaluation 3.0 Topography and Geology The bedrock geology of Phase 3 is variable. The east and west of the Phase is Arden Sandstone, a sedimentary bedrock formed in a river setting; the floodplain of an ancient river (thinly bedded layers of grey, green and purple mudstone interbedded with grey-green to buff siltstone and fine-medium grained green, brown, buff and mauve sandstone) while the central area is dominated by Edwalton Member Mudstone, also a sedimentary bedrock but formed in desert conditions (red brown with grey-green patches). There are Head deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel close to the north-south field boundary running through Phase 3 (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). Trench 12 of the AOC Archaeology evaluation lay within Phase 3 of the development, recording topsoil 0.40m, subsoil 0.10m covering an orange brown sandy natural with pebbles and stones, with mixed clays towards the east end of the trench which represent the Head deposits (Morris, 2015). The overall site comprises a number of large fields, primarily under arable cultivation. The highest part of the site is found at Mill Hill to the south-west of Clifton, on the north-western part of the site, which lies at a level of 80m above the Ordnance Datum (OD). From the peak of the hill the land descends towards the south-east, where lower and flatter ground occurs in the Fairham Brook flood plain, at an elevation of approximately 30m OD. Phase 3 of the Site comprises part of two fields, and lies on a c.southeast facing slope, with levels of c.55m OD in the northwest corner, falling to c.40m OD along the southern edge of the Phase. Within this there are some undulations, with four topographically high points identified; three in the northern half of the Site and one in the south. These areas are targeted for more intensive investigation. 4.0 Planning Background The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) came into force in March 2012 (updated February 2019). This places the responsibility for dealing with heritage assets affected by development proposals with the developer. Paragraphs 189 of the revised guidelines states that: Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment, and where necessary, a field evaluation. Outline planning permission for a large residential development (c.3000 dwellings), employment zones, schools and park and ride facilities, at Fairham, land east and west of Nottingham Road, Clifton was conditionally approved in May 2019 by Rushcliffe Borough Council. The permission included a condition for archaeological evaluation of the site, according to the proposed development phasing, with the results to inform any further mitigation to be employed in relation to that phase. A development phasing plan was approved as a condition discharge under ref: 20/00476/DISCON. Previous archaeological works at the Site include evaluation trenching by AOC Archaeology and in Association with Phases 1 & 2 of the development two schemes of trenching and targeted excavation and trenching on the west side of Nottingham Road by PCAS Archaeology. This document details the methodology of a program of archaeological evaluation on Phase 3 of the site, to be undertaken prior to any other groundworks in this area, to investigate the potential for below ground archaeology and inform and assist in the design of any required mitigation strategy.
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