DOCSLIB.ORG

We, the Following Members of the Thesis Examination

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
We, the Following Members of the Thesis Examination UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Certification of Examination of Th~si~ ,. .. ·'- ~ We, the following members of the Thesis Examination Panel appointed by the Senate to examine the thesis entitled:- "Traditional Melanau Woodcarving (Bilum) in Dalat, Sarawak" submitted by Encik Chong Chin Seng in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts hereby confirm that:- (i) We met on Friday, 15 January 1982 and submitted the candidate, Encik Chong Chin Seng to an Oral Examination in accordance with the Provisions of Part (A) Clause 8(3) of the Higher Degree Programme Requirements:- "Unless exempted by Senate, a candidate will have to appear for an Oral Examination" and (ii) that we make the following individual recommendations:- Thesis Examination Panel The Candidate be not passed 1. Profesor Kamal Salih (Chairman) 2. Y.B. Datuk Profesor Madya Haji Shahnon Ahmad · Dean, School of Humanities 3. Encik T.K. Sabapathy Internal Examiner/Co-supervisor 4. Encik Lim Eng Hooi Additional Internal Examiner I, Noel Alfred Ogle, in my capacity as Secretary to the said Thesis Examination Panel, do hereby confirm that the Panel after full consideration of the recommendations of the External and Internal Examiners and of the individual recommendations of its members, has agreed to recommend to the Board of Po'stgraduate Studies and thereon to Senate that the candidate, Encik Chong Chin Seng be awarded the degree of Master of Arts. Date: TRADITIONAL MELANAU WOODCARVING (BILUM) IN DALAT, SARAWAK by CHONG CHIN SENG Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ma~ter of Arts v ·university Sains Malaysia 1982 To the Melanau of Dalat, Sarawak A collection of traditional bilum, originating from Dalat, displayed in the Sarawak Museum Explanatory note See Chapter II (a) (i) Bilum (underlined) denotes traditional Melanau woodcarving in Dalat, Sarawak. (ii) 'bilum' (within inverted commas) denotes evil spirits.as understood by the Melanau in Dalat, Sarawak o • ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the hospitality, warmth and co-operation of the people of Dalat District, especially the villagers of Kampong Sungai Ud, Kampong Medong, Kampong Kakan, Kampong Tanam and Kam~ong Baru Dalat. I truly hope I have lived up to their faith and trust in attempting to draw a better understanding of their traditional craft and their way of life which is fast changing and fadingo I shall not forget the delightful boat-journeys back and forth from Sibu to Dalat and the boat-trips to visit and interview the woodcarvers in the kampongs. My thanks go to Mro Thomas Tudin, the Education Officer in Dalat and Mro Hamdan bin Baijuri, headmaster of a local government primary schoolo They served as interpreters and information officers during my visit to Dalat. I would like to thank Tuan Ismail bin Tuan Muhammad,, the Chief Education Officer in Sarawak and Mro Matnor bin Daim, the Divisional Education Officer in the Third Division for their assistance in arranging transportation facilities from Kuching to Sibu and from Sibu to Dalat. Many thanks go to Mro Peter Nyaed Juses, iii the District Officer and Mr. Peter Ding Hing Sung, the Assistant District Officer. They were most generous with their time and assistance during my stay in Dalat. I thank .Mr. Lucas Chin, Curator of the Sarawak Museum, for the personal interest he took in my work and the freedom he allowed me in the use of his library. In Penang, I owe my sincere gratitude to Mr. T.K. Sabapathy and Mr. Zakaria Ali, my supervisors, for their assistance, guidance, encouragement and patience in the preparation of my thesis. I am most grateful to Mr. V.P. Mohan and Mr. Tan Lye Hoe who spent time in editing the manuscript. This thesis was written between December, 1978 and December, 1981. This under­ taking has not only given me a deeper insight into and understanding of tbe culture of the Melanau people in Sarawak but also sharpened my knowledge of the tradi­ tional Melanau woodcarving (bilum). Finally, I thank all those good people, too numerous to mention, who have helped me in one way or another with the typing and the completion of this thesis. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ii List of Maps vi List of Tables vii List of P.lates viii Ringkasan tesis xi Abstract xiv Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter II Dalat as a Resource Centre 21 for Studying the Traditional Melanau Bilum (a) The Definition of Bilum 25 Chapter III Sickness Healing 27 (a) Simple Healing 30 (b) Bayoh 34 (c) Anyin 39 (d) Rabong 43 Chapter IV Method of Carving the Tradi­ 50 tional Melanau Bilum Chapter V Bilum Woodcarvers and Weavers 61 in Dalat Chapter VI Classification and Identifica- 72 tion of the Traditional Melanau Bilum in Dalat '(a) Identification of the Bilum according to the Place of Dwelling .. v (b) Identification of the 78 Bilum according to its Generic Origins (c) Identification of the 83 Bilum by Sex Chapter VII Conclusion 84 (a) Is the Traditional 84 Melanau Woodcarving (bilum) a work of art? (b) The Possible Origin of 90 Melanau Bilum (c) The Traditional Melanau 10 1 Art Form - Bilum (d) Bilum and Melanau Society 148 Notes 159 Bibliography 165 vi LIST OF MAPS 1 • Map of Borneo xvii 2o Map of Sa!'awak xviii 3. Map of Dalat District 23 vii LIST OF TABLES 1 • Li. st of Woodcarvers/Weavers inter- 70 viewed in Dalat District, 1978 2. List of known Woodcarvers and 71 W~avers in Dalat, 1978 3. List of the known Traditional 153 Melanau Bilum in Dalat, 1978 viii LIST OF PLATES 1. The sago processing plant in Dalat. 9 2. The Melanau house in Dalat. 9 3. The Chinese bazaar in Kampong Dalat. 13 4. The sararang pole planted at the 13 boundary between Kampong Medong and Kampong Dalat. 5. The Blisieng pole erected at Kampong 15 Dalat. 6. The Jerunai (totem pole) erected at 19 Kampong Dalat. 7. Bilum Abun Langit - showing the stains 31 of betul-nut juice on its wings and tail. 8. Bilum Abu~ Langit - showing the tail 31 coiling up over its back. 9 0 Rabong Langit Spara. 49 10. Various steps in carving the tradi­ 53 tional Melanau Bilum. 11. Woodcarver, Bul b. Resa shaping the 54 sago pitch. 12. Woodcarver, Bul b. Resa makes an 54 incision on the sago pitch. 13. Carving the bilum from the legs upwards. 55 14. The basic.shape of the legs is 55 completed. 15. parving the headgear. 56 16. The headgear of the bilum is completed. 56 17. Woodcarver, Bul b. Resa and his 57 completed bilum -' 'Jin Sparangin Langit' ix 18. Woodcarver, Ada b. Terunyok - 66 Kampong Sungai Ud. 19 0 Woodcarver, Udol b. Terunyok - 67 Kampong Sungai Ud. 20. Woodcarver, Bul b. Resa - 67 Kampong Medong. 21. Woodcarver, Tudin b. Pidan - 68 Kampong Baru Dalat. 22. Woodcarver, Sawi b. Pidan - 68 Sungai Ud. 23. Woodcarver, Sawi b. Pidan at work. 69 24. Woodcarver, Ada b. Terunyok at work. 69 25. Wooden figure - head with post­ 92 Neolithic burial at Magala Cave, Nial. 26. Bone carving. 93 27. Wooden Karwar. 103 28. Blangan Guun - Sarawak Museum (64/284) 104 29. Sebulang Langit A, 1978 121 30. Sebulang Langit B - Sarawak Museum 122 (64/164) 31. Sayag Semalaryang A - Sarawak Museum 123 (64/170) 32. Sayag Semalaryang B- Penang Museum(1978) 101 33. Dalong Sian A - Sarawak Museum (64/260) 125 34. Dalong Sian B- Penang Museum (1978) 126 35. Dalong Tugan A - Sarawak Museum (64/168) 127 36. , Dalong Tugan B - Sarawak Museum (64/289) 128 37. Dalong Sekalih- Penang Museum (1978) 129 X Prenakan - Sarawak Museum (64/282) 130 Durig Buau Tau A - Sarawak Museum 131 (64/263) 40. Durig Buau Tau B - Sarawak Museum 132 {64/277) 41. Kulum Pengamo A- Sarawak Museum (64/285) 133 42. Kulum Pengamo B- Penang Museum (1978) 134 43. Jin Sparangin Langit Spara A - Sarawak 135 Museum (64/268) 44. Jin Sparangin Langit Spara B - Penang 136 Museum (1978) 45. Jin Sparangin Langit Spara C 137 46. Jin Buta Paie A - Sarawak Museum (64/276) 138 47. Jin Buta Paie B (Indigenous.Woodcarving 139 or Malaysia Exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, 1976) 48. Jin Buta Paie C 140 49. Nag a Sabalun - Sarawak Museum (64/166) 141 50 0 Abun Langit 142 51. Badi - Sarawak Museum ( 64 I 287) 143 52. Nag a Penganan - Sarawak Museum (65/381) 144 xi Ringkasan Tesis Maksud tesis ini ialah menganalisa, menyusun dan mentafsirkan ukiran-ukiran kayu (bilum) .tradisional suku Melanau di Dalat dalam konteks budayanya dengan menggunakan teknik ilmu bentukkata (morfologi)~ kegayaan (style) .serta penganalisaan analitikal, dan di mana yang boleh, digunakan pentafsiran ikonografi. Dalam men­ jalankannya, saya telah sertakan fakta-fakta anthropo­ logi dan sejarah. WaJaupun tradisi membuat bilum telahpun diketahui oleh para penyelidik sejak keakhiran kurun kesembilanbelas, namun belum lagi wujud satu usaha sistematis yang menggabungkan sumber bahan-bahan sejarah, bahan-bahan muzium, dokumentasi yang ada serta 'field-work', bagi menjadikannya satu-satu kajian yang komprehensif. Pada tesis ini, saya adalah ber­ pandukan pandangan ini. Tesis ini terdiri daripada 7 bab, termasuk 52 keping gambar, 3 rajah serta 3 peta. Bab pertama melibatkan kajian latarbelakang budaya suku-suku kaum di Sarawak; gunanya untuk mendapat pengertian tentang kemungkinan terdapatnya difusi atau penyebaran budaya di antara masyarakat pribumi serta asal-usul mereka xii dan penekanan khas diberi ke atas Melanau di Dalat dalam konteksnya sendiri terhadap susunan ekonomi, politik dan sosial mereka. Bab kedua menerangkan kenapa Dalat telah terpilih menjadi sumber dalam mengkaji bilum Melanau; dalam hal ini lima buah kampong: Kampong Sungai Ud, Kampong Medong, Kampong Tanam, Kampong Kakan dan Kampong Baru Dalat menjadi rujukan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Chinese of Sarawak: Thirty Years of Change
    Southeast As£an Stud£es, Vol. 21, No.3, December 1983 The Chinese of Sarawak: Thirty Years of Change T'IEN Ju-K'ang* Editor's Note During the period 1948-1949, the author of this article visited Sarawak to study the social structure of the Chinese community in Kuching. After a lapse of 32 years, an investigation based on published materials has been made to assess social mobility within various dialect groups in Sarawak and to compare the present situation with that of 30 years ago. As a result of advances in communication and the extension of marketing, the successive layers of middlemen, in whom social and political power was invested, have been forced out and a new elite recruited from minor groups has emerged. The focus of the ethnic Chinese has gradually shifted from their traditionally narrow, localized interests to the welfare of the country in which they have settled. This trend can be seen in Chinese communities throughout the world. Since Sarawak gained independence reshuffling of the power structure in the from Great Britain and became integrated Chinese community. In the colonial period into Malaysia in 1963, the Chinese com­ economic strength was the path to social munity there has undergone profound power. A wealthy towkay who had once social and economic change. In view of won the government's favour would auto­ the striking complexity of the Chinese matically gain a high social position which, dialect groups who live there Sarawak together with political privileges, would in is a good place to study social mobility turn bring increased wealth.
    [Show full text]
  • SARAWAK GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PART II Published by Authority
    For Reference Only T H E SARAWAK GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PART II Published by Authority Vol. LXXI 25th July, 2016 No. 50 Swk. L. N. 204 THE ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS ORDINANCE THE ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS ORDER, 2016 (Made under section 3) In exercise of the powers conferred upon the Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri by section 3 of the Administrative Areas Ordinance [Cap. 34], the following Order has been made: Citation and commencement 1. This Order may be cited as the Administrative Areas Order, 2016, and shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of August, 2015. Administrative Areas 2. Sarawak is divided into the divisions, districts and sub-districts specified and described in the Schedule. Revocation 3. The Administrative Areas Order, 2015 [Swk. L.N. 366/2015] is hereby revokedSarawak. Lawnet For Reference Only 26 SCHEDULE ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS KUCHING DIVISION (1) Kuching Division Area (Area=4,195 km² approximately) Commencing from a point on the coast approximately midway between Sungai Tambir Hulu and Sungai Tambir Haji Untong; thence bearing approximately 260º 00′ distance approximately 5.45 kilometres; thence bearing approximately 180º 00′ distance approximately 1.1 kilometres to the junction of Sungai Tanju and Loba Tanju; thence in southeasterly direction along Loba Tanju to its estuary with Batang Samarahan; thence upstream along mid Batang Samarahan for a distance approximately 5.0 kilometres; thence bearing approximately 180º 00′ distance approximately 1.8 kilometres to the midstream of Loba Batu Belat; thence in westerly direction along midstream of Loba Batu Belat to the mouth of Loba Gong; thence in southwesterly direction along the midstream of Loba Gong to a point on its confluence with Sungai Bayor; thence along the midstream of Sungai Bayor going downstream to a point at its confluence with Sungai Kuap; thence upstream along mid Sungai Kuap to a point at its confluence with Sungai Semengoh; thence upstream following the mid Sungai Semengoh to a point at the midstream of Sungai Semengoh and between the middle of survey peg nos.
    [Show full text]
  • 14346 Inai 2020 E.Docx
    International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. www.ijicc.net Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020 The Analysis of Food Symbols in the ‘Serarang’ Ritual of the Melanau Likow Community in Dalat, Sarawak Noor Norazila Inaia, Mohamad Maulana Magimanb*, Norhuda Sallehc , d e f Ahmad Nasir Mohd Yusoff & Mangai Tugau , Septian Aji Permana a,e , Ph.D candidate, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia, bSenior Lecturer, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia, cSenior Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, d Senior Lecturer, Department of Government And Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: [email protected]. The Serarang ritual is a form of performance performed in the Melanau Likow community to be presented to Ipok. The presentation consists of symbolic elements based on each type of food served. These symbolic elements are involved with the belief and cosmological system that surround the lives of Melanau Likow. The main focus of this research is to analyse the symbol of food in the Serarang ritual from the viewpoint of non-verbal communication. This research used an ethnographic approach and the researchers also participated in the ritual. The data was collected through an in-depth interview with the main informant, Tama Kaul, and with the other ritual practitioners. The research was conducted in Kampung Medong, Dalat Sarawak. The data analysis found that the food that was delivered to Ipok had its own meaning and could be interpreted through shape, colour, and the way it was presented.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFECT of SUCKER PRUNNING on SAGO PALM (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) GROWTH PERFORMANCE
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA EFFECT OF SUCKER PRUNNING ON SAGO PALM (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) GROWTH PERFORMANCE PETER STANLEY ANAK HOWELL FSPM 2017 5 EFFECT OF SUCKER PRUNING ON SAGO PALM (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) GROWTH PERFORMANCE UPM By PETER STANLEY ANAK HOWELL COPYRIGHT Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, © Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science November 2017 All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM COPYRIGHT © Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science EFFECT OF SUCKER PRUNING ON SAGO PALM (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) GROWTH PERFORMANCE By PETER STANLEY ANAK HOWELL November 2017 UPM Chairperson: Associate Professor Shahrul Razid Bin Sarbini, PhD Faculty : Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bintulu Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) had been commercially cultivated in Sarawak for both export and domestic consumption. Sarawak is the world main exporter for sago starch which is one of the state important agriculture commodities. Currently, the world demand for sago starch had increased tremendously, however the supply is insufficient. Inconsistent harvesting with lengthy harvesting interval had been known to affect the supply of sago logs. Lack of knowledge for systematic sago sucker management is also one of the reasons that hinder the palm growth performance resulting in low and inconsistent sago logs supply to the mills.
    [Show full text]
  • HSL Secures RM300 Million Bridge Contract in Mukah Borneo Post Online, 18 April 2019, Thursday
    HSL secures RM300 million bridge contract in Mukah Borneo Post Online, 18 April 2019, Thursday The latest contracts in Mukah will contribute positively to the earnings and net assets of HSL. KUCHING: Hock Seng Lee Bhd (HSL) has won a contract via open tendering from the Sarawak Government for the proposed construction of the Batang Paloh Bridge in Mukah, Sarawak. The RM298.98 million contract is under Package 3 of the RM11 billion allocation for the state’s coastal road upgrading, secondary trunk road network and water supply project. In a statement, HSL said, the project would see existing ferry services at river crossings replaced with permanent bridges, enabling better accessibility and connectivity. Construction of the 1.9km balanced cantilever reinforced concrete Batang Paloh Bridge will require substantial marine piling works using steel-pipe piles of 1500mm in diameter. The scope of works would also include earthworks, geotechnical works, drainage, pavement works and the associated mechanical and electrical works. The contract period is 48 months, with physical construction work expected to commence in May 2019. HSL managing director Dato Paul Yu Chee Hoe said the outlook for the group was promising given the Batang Paloh Bridge project was bagged shortly after HSL won RM54.3million worth of contracts from Sarawak Energy Bhd for earthworks, facilities and residences for the Balingian coal-fired power plant, also in Mukah. Known as a knowledge and industrial hub, Mukah is within the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) area of central Sarawak. HSL has successfully undertaken numerous major projects in the vicinity including water-supply works and the UiTM campus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings As Symbol of Political Culture
    ©2017 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. 962121212 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies http://TuEngr.com The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings as Symbol of Political Culture a* a Dyg Mustika Syaheeda Awg Musadat and Azizi Bahauddin a School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T RA C T Article history: The Melanau tall longhouse in Sarawak is one of Malaysia’s unique Received 25 August 2017 Accepted 21 November 2017 vernacular architecture. Unlike other traditional longhouses in Sarawak, Available online Melanau tall longhouse is assembled at 40 feet above the ground and 01 December 2017 could house up to 50 families. The structure of this unique longhouse is Keywords: influenced by the community’s traditional culture as it plays a role in Architectural spatial their daily life. The house is important to the community as it provides layout; Vernacular security from the pirates and other tribes, especially from the architecture; Space headhunters, the Iban ethnic. The aim of this paper is to unearth the planning; Qualitative observation method; information about this valuable architecture, focusing on the Melanau Melanau ethnic. cultural influence in the space planning of the house. The research employed qualitative method involving observation, architectural documentation, and interviews with the Melanau experts. The findings point towards the spatial layout of the house based on the cultural influence that created a unique architectural language for the construction.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises Dilemmas on Business Performance
    THE IMPACT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DILEMMAS ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE Siti Aisyah Ya’kob*, Kit-Kang Liew** & Norlina Kadri*** Siti Aisyah Ya’kob, Lecturer, Department of Business Management, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, E-Mail: [email protected]* Kit-Kang Liew, Department of Business Management, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, E-Mail: [email protected]** Norlina Kadri, Lecturer, Department of Accounting and Finance, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, E-Mail: [email protected]*** ABSTRACT Business performance is an important element in the business. Thus, the dilemma confronted by the small and medium enterprises will affect both financial and non-financial business performance. A study on the small and medium enterprises topic is not new but necessary in order to observe the effect of the considerable issues in business environment. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the dilemmas that affect the business performance among small and medium enterprises in service sector. Three dimensions have been proposed, which are transportation facilities, financial strength, and labor force skills. A total of 159 sets of questionnaires were completed by the firms’ representative. The findings from this study discovered that transportation facilities, financial strength, and labor force skills have a significant and positive relationship with business performance. The results present a better understanding of transportation facilities, financial strength, and labor force skills issues from small and medium enterprises in Kuching city, which is located in Borneo Island. Keyword – business performance, Sarawak, small and medium enterprises INTRODUCTION Small and medium sized industry is still in the works to grow day to day as it is a key driver for the nation development (The Borneo Post, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Readiness of Local People Of
    Sains Malaysiana 43(10)(2014): 1461–1470 Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Readiness of Local People of Lubuk Antu, Sarawak for REDD+ (Penyahhutanan, Dedgrasi Hutan dan Kesediaan Penduduk Tempatan dari Lubuk Antu, Sarawak bagi REDD +) MUI-HOW PHUA*, WILSON WONG, MEA HOW GOH, KAMLISA UNI KAMLUN, JULIUS KODOH, STEPHEN TEO, FAZILAH MAJID COOKE & SATOSHI TSUYUKI ABSTRACT Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation-plus (REDD+) is considered as an important mitigation strategy against global warming. However, the implementation of REDD+ can adversely affect local people who have been practicing shifting cultivation for generations. We analyzed Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images of 1990 and 2009 to quantifying deforestation and forest degradation at Lubuk Antu District, a typical rural area of Sarawak, Malaysia. The results showed significant loss of intact forest at 0.9% per year, which was substantially higher than the rate of Sarawak. There were increases of oil palm and rubber areas but degraded forest, the second largest land cover type, had increased considerably. The local people were mostly shifting cultivators, who indicated readiness of accepting the REDD+ mechanism if they were given compensation. We estimated the monthly willingness to accept (WTA) at RM462, which can be considered as the opportunity cost of foregoing their existing shifting cultivation. The monthly WTA was well correlated with their monthly household expenses. Instead of cash payment, rubber cultivation scheme was the most preferred form of compensation. Keywords: Deforestation; forest degradation; REDD+; shifting cultivation; willingness to accept ABSTRAK Pengurangan pelepasan daripada penyahhutanan dan degradasi hutan-plus (REDD+) dianggap sebagai strategi mitigasi penting dalam menangani pemanasan global.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Beavitt My Aim in This Paper Is to Consider the Relationship Between
    Paul Beavitt: Melanau Sickness Images: Spirits Given Physical Form 95 MELANAU SICKNESS IMAGES: SPIRITS GIVEN PHYSICAL FORM Paul Beavitt My aim in this paper is to consider the relationship between art and the act of healing with respect to one society in north eastern Borneo. This group, the Melanau, lives on the coastal areas of what is now the state of Sarawak, in East Malaysia. They were studied in 1949 and 1950 by Dr. H.S. Morris who died before he completed his planned publications. However, Beatrice Clayre edited his proposed study of Melanau ritual and belief for the Sarawak Museum Journal, and this volume provides the main source for this account. There were some 44,000 Melanau in Sarawak in 1960 - Jones 196 - three years before the formation of Malaysia - and, of these, some 10,000 followed traditional religious practices at that time, the rest were Moslem and Christian. Since this time, the number practicing traditional beliefs has declined further and greater numbers have become incorporated into Islam, and the population has intermingled more with coastal Malays. It is widely accepted that the Melanau were originally a part of the Kayan, Kajang, Kajaman population group, who were thought to have originated in the Usan Apau uplands of north central Borneo but later moved down river toward a number of coastal locations (Figure 1 on CD) where they began to cultivate the sago palm, in the swamp forests, frequently flooded by a combination of monsoon tides and the high rainfall in the region (in excess of 150 inches per year).
    [Show full text]
  • English for the Indigenous People of Sarawak: Focus on the Bidayuhs
    CHAPTER 6 English for the Indigenous People of Sarawak: Focus on the Bidayuhs Patricia Nora Riget and Xiaomei Wang Introduction Sarawak covers a vast land area of 124,450 km2 and is the largest state in Malaysia. Despite its size, its population of 2.4 million people constitutes less than one tenth of the country’s population of 30 million people (as of 2015). In terms of its ethnic composition, besides the Malays and Chinese, there are at least 10 main indigenous groups living within the state’s border, namely the Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Bisaya, Kelabit, Lun Bawang, Penan, Kayan, Kenyah and Kajang, the last three being collectively known as the Orang Ulu (lit. ‘upriver people’), a term that also includes other smaller groups (Hood, 2006). The Bidayuh (formerly known as the Land Dayaks) population is 198,473 (State Planning Unit, 2010), which constitutes roughly 8% of the total popula- tion of Sarawak. The Bidayuhs form the fourth largest ethnic group after the Ibans, the Chinese and the Malays. In terms of their distribution and density, the Bidayuhs are mostly found living in the Lundu, Bau and Kuching districts (Kuching Division) and in the Serian district (Samarahan Division), situated at the western end of Sarawak (Rensch et al., 2006). However, due to the lack of employment opportunities in their native districts, many Bidayuhs, especially youths, have migrated to other parts of the state, such as Miri in the east, for job opportunities and many have moved to parts of Peninsula Malaysia, espe- cially Kuala Lumpur, to seek greener pastures. Traditionally, the Bidayuhs lived in longhouses along the hills and were involved primarily in hill paddy planting.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnoscape of Riverine Society in Bintulu Division Yumi Kato Hiromitsu Samejima Ryoji Soda Motomitsu Uchibori Katsumi Okuno Noboru Ishikawa
    No.8 February 2014 8 Reports from Project Members Ethnoscape of Riverine Society in Bintulu Division Yumi Kato Hiromitsu Samejima Ryoji Soda Motomitsu Uchibori Katsumi Okuno Noboru Ishikawa ........................................ 1 Events and Activities Reports on Malaysian Palm Oil Board Library etc. Jason Hon ............................................................................................ 15 The List of Project Members ........................................................ 18 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) In front of a longhouse of Tatau people at lower Anap River March 2013 (Photo by Yumi Kato) Reports from Project Members division has more non-Malaysian citizens, Iban and Ethnoscape of Riverine Society in Melanau people than other areas and less Chinese Bintulu Division and Malay residents. Yumi Kato (Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University) Hiromitsu Samejima (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Historically, the riverine areas of the Kemena and Kyoto University) Ryoji Soda (Graduate School of Literature and Human Tatau were under the rule of the Brunei sultanate until Sciences, Osaka City University) the late 19th century and the areas were nothing but Motomitsu Uchibori (Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan) sparsely-populated uncultivated land (Tab. 1). Back Katsumi Okuno (College of Liberal Arts, J.F. Oberlin then the Vaie Segan and Penan inhabited the basin University) Noboru Ishikawa (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University) Other-Malaysian Introduction Citizens Non-Malaysian 0% Citizens The study site of this project is the riverine areas Orang Ulu 21% Iban 5% 40% Bidayuh 1% of the Kemena and Tatau Rivers in the Bintulu Divi- Malay 9% sion. This article provides an overview of the ethnic Melanau Chinese groups living along those rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/73252 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-26 and may be subject to change. Book reviews Trevor Wilson (ed.), Myanmar’s long road to national reconciliation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006, xxxiv + 310 pp. ISBN 9812303626. Price: SGD 39.90 (paperback). JEAN A. BERLIE Hong Kong University [email protected] Over the last 45 years Myanmar/Burma has attracted worldwide attention. In October 2004 the prime minister, General Khin Nyunt, was suddenly dismissed. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) thereby lost its third pillar. The chairman, Senior General Than Shwe, and the vice-chairman, General Maung Aye, a very professional military officer, remain in power. The editor of this book, Trevor Wilson, served as Australia’s ambassador to Myanmar for three years, leaving just before the 2004 political turning point. Wilson is one of the main architects of the Myanmar Update Conferences, the goal of which is to produce a series of books like this one. The volume reviewed here consists of an overview and 14 essays focusing on political developments, economics and agriculture, and national reconciliation. In parallel with the dramatic change in the country’s leadership, Sean Turnell explains that ‘in 2004 Burma’s economy was convulsed in a monetary crisis’ (p. 77). This malaise is partly explained by the collapse of the nascent private banking system in 2003, which was triggered by counterproduc- tive economic policies and unrealistic official statistics.
    [Show full text]