DOCSLIB.ORG

About Crimea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
About Crimea Crimea, Yalta, Koreiz, Alupkinskoye shosse, 19 SALES AND MARKETING.: +7 (3654) 239 421, +7(978) 982 9000 www.sk-dulber.ru, [email protected] Dulber Resort Complex : Dulber sanatorium, Morskoy priboy sanatorium, Miskhor Dacha На правах рекламы Discover the Russian pearl over again together with the “Crimean magazine”! We create a unique and socially With the “Crimean magazine” you will important project, which has no find reliable information about the resort analogues in the media market of the and economic potential of the peninsula, Republic of Crimea – the “Crimean you will learn that the Crimea is not just magazine”. We are being read from a beach sun-soaked resort, but a year- Moscow to Kamchatka. Each issue of round health center, a Mecca of historical the magazine is presented to our foreign and gastronomic tourism. You will read guests, who have repeatedly asked us to about the multinational culture of the publish the English version. peninsula and how the different nations of the Crimea live in peace and harmony. The mission of “CM” is to bust the You will learn about the high potential western myths about the Crimea and of the republic and the profitable area fairly tell about the peninsula to a vast for investing. And, most importantly, the audience, including foreign countries. way the ordinary Crimeans live. Therefore we decided to publish an English version of the magazine so that We are being read by politicians, people around the world could know businessmen, high-level officials and what’s the life like and where’s the ordinary people who are willing to know Crimea heading. the truth about the Crimea that made its choice in 2014. We are that so called Information Bridge which unites the peninsula and The “Crimean magazine” is a Crimean the world despite sanctions, blockades navigator for tourists, businessmen, and information wars carried against the politicians, investors and all those who peninsula. We are open and ready for want to contribute to the development cooperation. So let them refuse us a visa of the new Russian pearl. and turn a deaf ear to us in the west. We are ready to get the truth out! Yours faithfully Head Editor Maria Volkonskaya Sergey Editor-in-chief Marina Zavalnaya AksyonovMiracle TsaristLaspi Crimea VladimirBon appetit! Putin 100 In the days of the Russian Empire and beyond VISIT CRIMEA – HEALTH YOURSELF! since 1860, the Crimea has become a favorite place for the summer holidays of the emperors� 6 26 48 TOP 5 QUOTES WORTH VISITING CRIMEA AS A MECCA OF VLADIMIR PUTIN FOR BIRDWATCHERS 6 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� TOP 5 QUOTES OF VLADIMIR PUTIN 8 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������CRIMEAN STYLE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 12 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� CRIMEA IN FIGURES� RESULT 18 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� TOP QUOTES OF SERGEY AKSYONOV 21����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� MARIA ZAKHAROVA TO THE CRIMEANS: "HANG ON TOGETHER!" 26 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������WORTH VISITING! 30 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������“CM” RECIPE BON APPETIT! 32 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������"BEACH FLASHBACK" 42 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������CSC FAMOUS SETTLEMENTS MIRACLE 48 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������CRIMEA AS A MECCA FOR BIRDWATCHERS 56 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� TSARIST CRIMEA 64 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� CRIMEAN STORY OF VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY 68 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� THE MAGNIFICENT SEVEN OF THE CRIMEAN TWINS 76 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������SHEIKS PREFER THE CRIMEA 83 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������SEVEN LITTLE-KNOWN FACTS FROM THE LIFE OF THE GREAT AIVAZOVSKY 92 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������THE MYSTICAL CRIMEA� THE PLACES OF POWER 100 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������VISIT CRIMEA – HEALTH YOURSELF! TsaristLaspi Crimea Silvio Berlusconi THE PRESIDENT'S THE PRESIDENT'S speech speech 6 Crimean Magazine | 2017 | SPECIAL ISSUE SPECIAL ISSUE | 2017 | Crimean Magazine 7 THE PRESIDENT'S THE PRESIDENT'S speech speech TOP 5 QUOTES OF Vladimir PutinTHE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: «The people have projected the future «In Crimea you always have special of Crimea. They voted for the reunification feeling and emotions, not only because with Russia. That’s it. Full stop». it’s beautiful here and the nature is unique, but also because only here you understand «After complicated, long and exhausting completely the involvement to the All- cruise, the Crimea and Sevastopol are Russian history, to that unique cultural and getting back to native harbor, to native spiritual legacy». shore, to the port of permanent registration – to Russia!» «We don’t oppose to the cooperation «We hold in respect the representatives with NATO, but we definitely oppose to of all nationalities who live in Crimea. This is the fact that military organization run the their common home, their small motherland show near our borders, near our historical and it’ll be correct to have in Crimea – and territories. I just can’t imagine us visiting the I know that the Crimeans approve it – three Sevastopol with NATO sailors staying there state languages with equal rights: Russian, – they are nice guys, but it’s better have Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar». them visit our own Sevastopol instead». 6 Crimean Magazine | 2017 | SPECIAL ISSUE SPECIAL ISSUE | 2017 | Crimean Magazine 7 PUBLIC dplomacy rimean style C PUBLIC DIPLOMACY Against the background of the official international organizations position, for which the “Crimean question” is a taboo in the best-case scenario, the foreign businessmen, cultural and socio-political figures actively visit the peninsula in private capacity. And this way of communication is public diplomacy which becomes even more popular year after year. In support of this the “Crimean magazine” will tell about the most iconic ones. Text: Sergey SAPELNIK. Photo: Vladimir PROSHKIN 8 Crimean Magazine | 2017 | SPECIAL ISSUE PUBLIC diplomacy INFORMATION ARMAGEDDON Admit it, having such interpretations it is impossible to basically build a more or To begin with, we must pay tribute to less constructive relationship. Moreover: the determination of our “well-wishers” in the authorities of a number of influential Washington. Thanks to a powerful anti- countries emphatically ignore all attempts Crimean campaign stiffly kneaded with to reveal the Crimean point of view to their economic and military-political dependence, societies. They prefer to keep the atmosphere the “American partners” managed to create of the Information Armageddon. Ignorance an atmosphere of selective informing about is the basis of fear after all. And Russia, which the events in the Crimea. Almost all the “took over” the Crimea, must be feared. influential American and European mass media do not write about the Crimea or if «WINDOW ON THE CRIMEA» they write then they do it in such a tone, that there is nothing to do but to make a But is there any way out of the situation helpless gesture of surprise. The result is when the Crimean news agenda is run quite predictable: the lack of alternative through tiny information filters, and even points of view leads to the acceptance of then it is also diluted with bedtime stories? Of biased decisions even at the level of the course there is always one there. Especially most authoritative international institutions. since the Crimeans had already coped with even lesser difficulties. Remember at least As for instance, in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Another Espionage Scandal in the Relations Between Bulgaria and Russia Evgeniy Kandilarov
    ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 38, No. 4 (BG) March 2021 Bulgaria external relations briefing: Another Espionage Scandal in the Relations between Bulgaria and Russia Evgeniy Kandilarov 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: CHen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 Another Espionage Scandal in the Relations between Bulgaria and Russia Summary Following the arrest in Bulgaria of six people on suspicion of espionage, Bulgarian foreign ministry has declared two senior Russian diplomats a persona non grata and gave them 72 hours to leave, the country. Although the announcement does not state a link between the events, the expulsions directly follow a major intelligence operation on March 19, when a network of local spies, some of them members of the Ministry of Defense, was uncovered after months of investigations. Sofia has now expelled eight Russian diplomats, including a military attache, over suspected spying since October 2019, putting a strain on historically close ties between Moscow. In 2020 Bulgaria has declared Russian citizens accused of espionage persona non grata four times and at the beginning of 2021 two more Russian diplomats were ordered to leave in accusations of espionage as well. All these diplomatic scandals are gradually escalating and leading to growing tensions between Bulgaria and Russia, at least on a public level. This is happening entirely in the spirit of the deepening European anti-Russian public campaign. This process is also a function of the growing tensions in US-Russian relations, clearly visible in the aggressive rhetoric of the new US president.
    [Show full text]
  • Palace Tours − Luxury Tours Collection the Crimean Express (Northbound) the Crimean Express (Northbound)
    Palace Tours − Luxury Tours Collection The Crimean Express (Northbound) The Crimean Express (Northbound) Embark on the brand−new Crimean Express journey from Kiev, which debuts in 2010! Spend two days in Kiev, one of Europe's oldest cities, before traveling by air to Yalta, where you will stay for two nights and enjoy visits to such places as Massandra Palace and the famous fairy−tale castle, the "Swallow's Nest." Travel on board the Golden Eagle private train for seven nights as you head north−west from Balaklava through Moldova, through Lviv, and Belarus' capital of Minsk. This fascinating tour continues as you are taken to several important destinations such as the Catherine Palace in Pushkin near St. Petersburg and the Red Square in Moscow, where your epic journey comes to an end. ITINERARY • Day 1 − Welcome to Ukraine Arrive at Simferopol Airport, where you are met and transferred to the luxury Hotel Oreanda in Yalta for a three−night stay. • Day 2 − Enjoy a full day of Yalta sightseeing Today there is a guided tour of Yalta including Chekhov's House and the Botanical Gardens, followed by lunch at the Swallow's Nest, a fairy−tale castle breathtakingly perched high above the sea. This restaurant is a world famous location and many world leaders have eaten here. In the afternoon we take a scenic cruise along the picturesque coastline before visiting the Massandra Palace and Imperial Winery, touring the cellars (they have bottles dating back to 1775 and many bottles from the Tsars personal collection). • Day 3 − Adventure in Yalta This morning we visit Alupka Palace which was built for Count Mikhail Vorontsov, former special envoy to the United Kingdom and friend of the Marlborough Family.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by Anton Korynevych, Permanent Representative of the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
    Distributed at the request of the Ukrainian FSC Chair FSC.DEL/108/20/Corr.1* 29 May 2020 ENGLISH only Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the International Organizations in Vienna _______________________________________________________________________ Naaffgasse 23, 1180 Vienna, Austria, tel: +43 (0)1 4797172, e-mail: [email protected], http://vienna.mfa.gov.ua/en; www.facebook.com/ukrainevienna; Twitter: @UKRinOSCE Chairpersonship: Ukraine Statement by Anton Korynevych, Permanent Representative of the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea 947th Meeting of the Forum for Security Co-operation, 27 May 2020 Security Dialogue on Regional Security: The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov Dear Chairperson, dear colleagues, greetings to all participants of the online meeting of the OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation. I appreciate the opportunity to speak at the pan-European platform to draw attention of the international community to the regional security issues of the Black and Azov Seas. The ongoing occupation of the sovereign territory of Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, by Russia is a proven and internationally recognized violation of international law, clearly stated in numerous documents of the United Nations, OSCE Parliamentary Assembly and other international organizations and institutions. The illegal actions of the occupying power in Crimea since 2014 have been the main factor in the continuous deterioration of the security situation in the Azov and Black Sea region, which is characterized by instability and a tendency to worsen. The rise in tensions was caused by the Russian Federation’s efforts to legitimize the attempted annexation of the peninsula and to assert its dominance in the maritime areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mammal Conservation from Local to Global
    MARINE MAMMAL CONSERVATION FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL 29TH CONFERENCE OF THE EUROPEAN CETACEAN SOCIETY 23rd to 25th March, 2015 Intercontinental Hotel, St Julian’s Bay, MALTA USEFUL INFORMATION VENUE – INTERCONTIMENTAL MALTA HOTEL, ST JULIANS Conference Hall, Cettina De Cesare (CDC), is in hotel. Paranga Beach Club is on the water edge in St George’s Bay. 29th ECS Conference, Malta i USEFUL INFORMATION CONTACT NUMBERS Direct Dialling Code for Malta: +356 International Code (to make an overseas call): 00 Emergency number: 112 Police: 21 22 40 01 … 21 22 40 07 Mater-Dei Hospital (Malta): 25 45 00 00 Malta International Airport (General Inquiries): 21 24 96 00 Malta International Airport (Flight Information): 52 30 20 00 (each call: € 1.00) Passport Office: 21 22 22 86 WEBSITES Malta International Airport (note one ‘a’ between Malta and Airport!) Malta’s weather www.maltairport.com/weather Arrivals www.maltairport.com/arrivals Departures www.maltairport.com/departures Activities in Malta www.visitmalta.com 29th ECS Conference, Malta ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HOSTED BY The Biological Conservation Research Foundation (BICREF) The NGO BICREF was set-up in 1998 to promote conservation research and awareness in Malta. For this purpose it welcomes Internships in Malta; the next call starts immediately after the ECS conference 2015 and to last till the end of summer 2015. Options for taking up courses or training in marine conservation biology, cetacean and fisheries research are also possible. Dr. Adriana Vella, Ph.D (Cantab.), founder of BICREF, is a conservation biologist with experience in mammal and marine conservation research at local and regional level.
    [Show full text]
  • Painful Past, Fragile Future the Delicate Balance in the Western Balkans Jergović, Goldsworthy, Vučković, Reka, Sadiku Kolozova, Szczerek and Others
    No 2(VII)/2013 Price 19 PLN (w tym 5% VAT) 10 EUR 12 USD 7 GBP ISSN: 2083-7372 quarterly April-June www.neweasterneurope.eu Painful Past, Fragile Future The delicate balance in the Western Balkans Jergović, Goldsworthy, Vučković, Reka, Sadiku Kolozova, Szczerek and others. Strange Bedfellows: A Question Ukraine’s oligarchs and the EU of Solidarity Paweï Kowal Zygmunt Bauman Books & Reviews: Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Mykola Riabchuk, Robert D. Kaplan and Jan Švankmajer Seversk: A New Direction A Siberian for Transnistria? Oasis Kamil Caïus Marcin Kalita Piotr Oleksy Azerbaijan ISSN 2083-7372 A Cause to Live For www.neweasterneurope.eu / 13 2(VII) Emin Milli Arzu Geybullayeva Nominated for the 2012 European Press Prize Dear Reader, In 1995, upon the declaration of the Dayton Peace Accords, which put an end to one of the bloodiest conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the Bosnian War, US President, Bill Clinton, announced that leaders of the region had chosen “to give their children and their grandchildren the chance to lead a normal life”. Today, after nearly 20 years, the wars are over, in most areas peace has set in, and stability has been achieved. And yet, in our interview with Blerim Reka, he echoes Clinton’s words saying: “It is the duty of our generation to tell our grandchildren the successful story of the Balkans, different from the bloody Balkans one which we were told about.” This and many more observations made by the authors of this issue of New Eastern Europe piece together a complex picture of a region marred by a painful past and facing a hopeful, yet fragile future.
    [Show full text]
  • Iranians and Greeks in South Russia (Ancient History and Archaeology)
    %- IRANIANS & GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA BY M- ROSTOVTZEFF, Hon. D.Litt. PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MEMBER OF THE RUSSIAN ACAPEMY OF SCIENCE I i *&&* OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1922 Oxford University Press London Edinburgh Glasgow Copenhagen Nets York Toronto Melbourne Cape T&tm Bombay Calcutta Madras Shanghai Humphrey Milford Publisher to the University PREFACE THIS book is not intended to compete with the valuable and learned book of Ellis H. Minns on the same subject. Our aims are different. Minns endeavoured to give a complete survey of the material illustrating the early history of South Russia and of the views expressed by both Russian and non-Russian scholars on the many and various questions suggested by the study of that material. I do not mean that Minns' book is a mere compendium. In dealing with the various problems of the history and archaeology of South Russia Minns went his own way ; his criticism is acute, his views independent. Nevertheless his main object was to give a survey as full and as complete as possible. And his attempt was success- ful. Minns* book will remain for decades the chief source of informa- tion about South Russia both for Russian and for non- Russian scholars. My own aim is different. In my short exposition I have tried to give a history of the South Russian lands in the prehistoric, the proto- historic, and the classic periods down to the epoch of the migrations. By history I mean not a repetition of the scanty evidence preserved by the classical writers and illustrated by the archaeological material but an attempt to define the part played by South Russia in the history of the world in general, and to emphasize the contributions of South Russia to the civilization of mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Embassy of a Christian Ambassador To
    Mariia Telegina CEREMONIAL REPRESENTATION IN CROSS-CONFESSIONAL DIPLOMACY: THE OTTOMAN EMBASSY OF A CHRISTIAN AMBASSADOR TO MOSCOW IN 1621 MA Thesis in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2017 CEREMONIAL REPRESENTATION IN CROSS-CONFESSIONAL DIPLOMACY: THE OTTOMAN EMBASSY OF A CHRISTIAN AMBASSADOR TO MOSCOW IN 1621 by Mariia Telegina (Russia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY CEREMONIAL REPRESENTATION IN CROSS-CONFESSIONAL DIPLOMACY: THE OTTOMAN EMBASSY OF A CHRISTIAN AMBASSADOR TO MOSCOW IN 1621 by Mariia Telegina (Russia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Mountainous Crimea: a Frontier Zone of Ancient Civilization
    Mountainous Crimea: A Frontier Zone of Ancient Civilization Natalia G. Novičenkova Mountainous Crimea, Taurica, was a region separated from the ancient cen- ters of the peninsula and the communication lines connecting Chersonesos and the Bosporan Kingdom. This region is not particularly well studied and therefore it has been impossible to trace its development in Antiquity, and to clarify its role in the history of ancient Crimea as a whole. The geographical conditions of the Mountainous Crimea determined that the ancient population of this area dwelled almost entirely on the main moun- tain range. From a modern point of view it seems unlikely that a mountain ridge could unite a population into a single ethnic group instead of splitting it into several distinct segments. Yet our evidence from Antiquity suggests the opposite. Thus, for example, Plinius the Elder wrote that the Scytho-Taurians inhabited the range (Plin. NH 4.85). This evidence has evoked bewilderment among scholars1 because this part of Crimea has the harshest weather condi- tions and is covered with snow from November to May almost every year. The main mountain range of Crimea is formed by a chain of plateaus situ- ated at about 1,000-1,500 m above sea level. Here an ancient road system was laid out uniting all the mountain passes into a single system of communica- tion.2 The plateaus with their alpine meadows served as excellent summer pastures. They were effectively protected against any threats from outside. The Taurians, who inhabited the mountain range, were not obliged to strug- gle for the steppe’s nomad territories or to drive their cattle for hundreds of kilometers.
    [Show full text]
  • International Crimes in Crimea
    International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation SEPTEMBER 2016 Contents I. Introduction 6 A. Executive summary 6 B. The authors 7 C. Sources of information and methodology of documentation 7 II. Factual Background 8 A. A brief history of the Crimean Peninsula 8 B. Euromaidan 12 C. The invasion of Crimea 15 D. Two and a half years of occupation and the war in Donbas 23 III. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 27 IV. Contextual elements of international crimes 28 A. War crimes 28 B. Crimes against humanity 34 V. Willful killing, murder and enforced disappearances 38 A. Overview 38 B. The law 38 C. Summary of the evidence 39 D. Documented cases 41 E. Analysis 45 F. Conclusion 45 VI. Torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 46 A. Overview 46 B. The law 46 C. Summary of the evidence 47 D. Documented cases of torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 50 E. Analysis 59 F. Conclusion 59 VII. Illegal detention 60 A. Overview 60 B. The law 60 C. Summary of the evidence 62 D. Documented cases of illegal detention 66 E. Analysis 87 F. Conclusion 87 VIII. Forced displacement 88 A. Overview 88 B. The law 88 C. Summary of evidence 90 D. Analysis 93 E. Conclusion 93 IX. Crimes against public, private and cultural property 94 A. Overview 94 B. The law 94 C. Summary of evidence 96 D. Documented cases 99 E. Analysis 110 F. Conclusion 110 X. Persecution and collective punishment 111 A. Overview 111 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Volume 157 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Contemporary Problems in the Development of Economic, Financial and Credit Systems (DEFCS 2020) Organizational and Management Features of the Automated Trip Payment System’s Implementation in Public Transport of the Republic of Crimea Margarita Vakhovskaya Department of Management V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol, Russia [email protected] Abstract—The article analyses the practice of the automated environmental pollution and often a decrease in the urban trip payment system`s (ATPS) implementation in public environment quality, also they form so-called "vicious circle transport of the Republic of Crimea in terms of its of urban transport" [8]. organizational and management peculiarities. In order to achieve the objective of the article, the following problems have Experience of many countries around the world shows that been solved: the characteristics of the existing public transport the specificity of the public transport industry is that only the system of the Republic of Crimea; review of the experience of direct interest and participation of municipal and regional such innovations in the cities of the Russian Federation; the authorities in solving issues of increasing the efficiency of its identification of the peculiarities of the planning, organizing and work is able to give significant results in this area. Thus, management of the proposed system`s implementation; analysis according to the Colombian politician and successful urbanist- of management decisions and their expected results at the stages practitioner, twice the mayor of Bogotá E. Peñalosa, “the main of system`s development and testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia External Relations Briefing: in Search for a Unified Foreign Policy: Just About Time to Do It… E-MAP Foundation MTÜ
    ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 25, No. 4 (EE) Jan 2020 Estonia external relations briefing: In search for a unified foreign policy: just about time to do it… E-MAP Foundation MTÜ 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 In search for a unified foreign policy: just about time to do it… There is a certain logic of starting this briefing where the previous one was finished off: it is too good to be left out, since a particular argument needs to be made. From 1 January 2020 and for the first time in the country’s history, the Republic of Estonia joined a super-exclusive group of the UN Security Council members – it was done on the non-permanent basis, but not too worry. Not many people will dispute the fact that the UN is a direct ‘product’ of Yalta-45, which, during its existence as the core element of the post-WWII international system, was arguably not capable to be preventing a great deal of brutal invasions, aggressions, and genocides. At the same time, the UN is still the only global diplomatic platform where a serious problem of international significance can be, at least, discussed. Having become an integral part of the UN’s main executive body, Estonia, no doubts, will be doing its utmost best to be remembered as an exceptional performer. Indeed, repeating after a representative of the country to the UN, Estonia “will use all of [its] know-how and allied relations to cover the topics that matter to [it]”, and it is very much understandable that “[e]very foreign policy move, every vote or statement can affect how countries see and feel about Estonia”1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Wartime Commercial Policy
    Planning for the Short Haul: The Formation of Wartime Commercial Policy Mariya Grinberg [email protected] Draft paper prepared for IPES, November 18, 2017. Please do not cite or circulate without permission of the author. In times of war, why do belligerents continue to trade with each other? There are two countervailing forces that affect this decision. On the one hand, conventional wisdom in economics holds that states have absolute gains from trade. Therefore, economic considerations should push states to engage in mutually beneficial trading relationships, regardless of the security environment. In other words, states should always trade with the enemy. On the other hand, conventional wisdom in international relations holds that trading with a security adversary has negative security externalities. A state can use these benefits from trade to increase its military capabilities which, in turn, can be used in the war effort against the state it is trading with. Thus according to security considerations, states should never trade with the enemy. Empirically, it is possible to see wide variation in the choices states make about their wartime commercial policy. Some states chose to continue their trade throughout the war, for example India and Pakistan in the Kargil War (1999) or Yugoslavia and Croatia in the War of Bosnian Independence (1992). Other states chose to cut off trade immediately at the start of the war, for example India and Pakistan in the Second Kashmir War (1965) or England and Argentina in the Falkland Islands War (1982). Yet other states start off trading with the enemy only to change course during the war and sever the commercial relationship in the middle of the conflict, as for example occurred in the Iran-Iraq War of 1980.
    [Show full text]