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1520 in 2020 Heirs of the Reformation: 1520 in 2020 The Relative Relevance of Luther’s 1520 Treatises: To the Christian Nobility of The German Nation Concerning the Improvement of the Christian Estate, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and The Freedom of a Christian Contents Prologue ...............................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction to the Treatises .........................................................................................................................1 To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation .......................................................................................5 The least you need to know ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Content and Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Three Walls ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 10 Abuses and 27 Reforms ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Immediate Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Relative Relevance for Today ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Fuller Outline of This Work ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church ............................................................................. 16 The Least You Need to Know ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Content and Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 Lord’s Supper ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Baptism .................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 The Rest of the Sacraments .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Immediate Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Relative Relevance for Today ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Fuller Outline of This Work ............................................................................................................................................... 39 The Freedom of a Christian ......................................................................................................................... 40 The least you need to know .............................................................................................................................................. 40 Content and Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................ 41 Inner Person ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43 Outer Person........................................................................................................................................................................ 45 Immediate Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Relative Relevance for Today ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Fuller Outline of This Work ............................................................................................................................................... 50 Concluding Remarks to the Treatises ...................................................................................................... 51 Epilogue ............................................................................................................................................................. 54 Bibliography..................................................................................................................................................... 56 Prologue Romans 11:17-19 If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, 18 do not consider yourself to be superior to those other branches. If you do, consider this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you. 19 You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” I knew nothing about Martin Luther as a little boy. In fact, I wasn’t even born into a Lutheran family, let alone a Christian family. I have no native German or American blood in me. For I was born in Laos, a country in southeast Asia. By God’s infinite grace and unsearchable mercy, after my family’s immigration to the United States, my family and I learned about our Lord and came to faith - a wild olive branch grafted in. The picture that Paul paints in Romans is one that is dear to me. It is a picture that is dear and common to all of us as well. We are the olive branches that have been grafted in so that now we are part of something grander than ourselves. We are a part of God’s plan of salvation, just like Martin Luther. Introduction to the Treatises I pray Your Honor to convey my humble gratitude to His Electoral grace, and beg him humbly that he will protect the praiseworthy Dr. Martin Luther for the sake of Christian truth. It matters more than all the riches and power of this world, for with time everything passes away; only the truth is eternal. And if God helps me to come to Dr. Martin Luther, then I will carefully draw his portrait and engrave it in copper for a lasting remembrance of this Christian man who has helped me out of great distress. And I beg your worthiness to send me as my payment anything new that Dr. Martin may write in German.1 We are living in a unique time in human history. We are the generation that gets to celebrate the 500th anniversary of many events in Luther’s life and the life of the Church. There was obviously 1517 when Luther hammered 95 discussion topics onto a church door2 and sparked a reformation. If you recall from a few years ago, there were many ways that Lutherans celebrated that year. Perhaps you got a gift like this button.3 1 Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), arguably the greatest painter of the Renaissance/Reformation, wrote (Nürnberg, beginning of 1520) these words to George Spalatin (1484-1545), secretary to Elector Frederick the Wise (1463-1525). Please note: for most of the people mentioned in this paper, there are various spellings and versions of their names, e.g., Georg(e) Spalatin(us) or Georg Burkhardt. 2 Those original wooden doors were destroyed during the Seven Years’ War (1760). Eventually (1858), the current bronze doors were set into the original jambs at the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. The 95 Theses are inscribed (in Latin) on those bronze doors. 3 This can be found at oldlutheran.com. 2 However, there are many things to celebrate after 1517. You could find something to celebrate from 1517 to 1546.4 Maybe this list would suffice: • 1517 - 95 Theses • 1518 - Heidelberg Disputation • 1519 - Leipzig Debate • 1520 - Voluminous Writings from Luther • 1521 - Diet of Worms • 1521-1522 - Wartburg Castle/Publication of the New Testament in German • 1523 - An Exhortation to the Knights of the Teutonic Order That They Lay Aside False Chastity and Assume the Chastity of Wedlock • 1524 - To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany That They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools, Publication of the first Lutheran hymnal (Etlich Christlich lider) • 1525 - Luther’s marriage to Katharina von Bora, On the Bondage of the Will • 1526 - Diet of Speyer, The German Mass and Order of the Liturgy • 1527 - Whether One May Flee from a Deadly Plague • 1528 - Instructions for the Visitors of Parish Pastors in Electoral Saxony, Confession on Christ’s Supper • 1529 - The Large and Small Catechism, Marburg Colloquy • 1530 - Diet of Augsburg/Augsburg Confession • 1531 - Apology of the Augsburg Confession • 1532 - On Infiltrating and Clandestine Preachers • 1533 - The Private Mass and the Consecration of Priests • 1534 - Publication of the complete Bible
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