The Causes of Migration in South Africa Questionnaire

Card no. 01 1-2

Questionnaire No. Record no. 3-6

THE CAUSES OF MIGRATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTIONNAIRE

BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

This survey forms part of a comprehensive study by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) on people’s movements, especially within the borders of South Africa, and particularly on the reasons why some people move, and why others do not. The survey has been necessitated by the profound lack of knowledge in South Africa on this issue.

You will be asked a fairly large number of questions, some of which may appear not to be applicable to you. However, we assure you that there are no unnecessary questions in this questionnaire. The questions were developed to test specific research ideas, and to apply some of the latest and most relevant theoretical principles in migration research.

Your answers to the questions are very important, because they will provide essential information on migration and non-migration in South Africa. Your answers will be treated as strictly confidential, and will be used only in combination with the answers of other people who participate in this survey. In addition, your answers will never be made available for any purpose other than research. This means that you can be completely honest in answering the questions to be put to you, since your answers will not in any way be used to your disadvantage.

FIELDWORK PARTICULARS

1. Fieldwork Team Identification No ………………………… 7-8

2. Interviewer Name: ……………………………………………. Identification No……..… 9-11

3. Magisterial District Code………………………… 12-14

4. EA Code………………………… 15-18

5. Type of locality: 1 Rural area (farm / rural homestead or “kraal”) 1 2 Rural village / Semi-urban (outlying) area 2 3 Peri-urban area (mostly informal) / Smallholding 3 4 Urban / “Built-up” area (town or city) 4 19

6. Refusal particulars:

a At what point? ………………………………….……………………………….……………………….... 20-21

b Who? 1 = Household spokesperson 1

2 = Selected respondent 2

3 = Other (Specify)……………………………………………………………………………………... 3 22

c Why? ...... …...... ……………………………...... ……..…………..……. 23-24

Card no. 01

7. Number of visiting points in the EA …………………………………………………………………….…………….……….……….. 25-27 8. Dominant housing type in the EA Formal housing (upper and middle class) 1 Mostly formal housing 2 Mostly informal housing 3 Squatter housing / Impoverished area 4 Traditional housing 5 Hostel(s) 6 Other 7 28 8. Number of households at visiting point: …………………………………………………………….…………….……….…………………………. 29-30 9. Selected household’s number: (according to the pre-determined numbering procedure): ……………………….………………………..……….………………………………………….…….….. 31-32 10. Dates and times of visits, and outcomes MONTH DAY *TIME **OUTCOME First visit 33-38 Second visit 39-44 Third visit 45-50 Fourth visit 51-56 * TIME **OUTCOME Interview completed = 1 Morning till 12:00 1 Refusals 12:00 - 13:59 2 Contact person refused = 2 14:00 - 14:59 3 Interview refused by selected respondent = 3 15:00 - 15:59 4 Interview refused by parent = 4 16:00 - 16:59 5 “Household Questionnaire” only partly completed = 5 17:00 - 17:59 6 “Individual Questionnaire” only partly completed = 6 18:00 - 18:59 7 Other outcome: Specify: 19:00 - 19:59 8 20:00 - 20:59 9 …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 21:00 - 24:00 0 11. Language of questionnaire (as used for the individual interview):

01 05 09 Isandebele Sesotho Xitsonga

02 06 10 Isixhosa Setswana Afrikaans

03 07 11 Isizulu Siswati English Other (Specify): Sepedi 04 Tshivenda 08 12 ………………………………………… 57-58

GENERAL HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION

THE DEFINITION OF A “HOUSEHOLD” USED IN THIS STUDY:

Generally speaking, a “household” is a group of people who sometimes live together on the same property and normally benefit from the same pool of income. Included are people who go away from time to time for work, study, health or similar reasons, but who usually live there for at least one month a year. A resident of a worker or student hostel, a person living in a residential hotel, or a domestic servant living here in separate quarters, together with his/her relatives living here with him/her (if any), constitutes a separate household.

Card no. 01

1 Particulars of dwelling 1.1 Type of dwelling. (Circle one category only):

House or brick structure on a separate stand or yard 01 Traditional dwelling/Hut/Structure made of traditional materials 02 Flat in block of flats 03 Town/Cluster/Semi-detached house (simplex, duplex or triplex) 04 Unit in retirement village 05 House/Flat/Room, in backyard 06 Informal dwelling/Shack, in backyard 07 Informal dwelling/Shack, NOT in backyard, e.g. in an informal/squatter settlement 08 Room/Flatlet not as in backyard but on a shared property 09 Worker/Student hostel/Residential hotel 10

Other, specify: ………………………………………..…………………………………..………………… 59-60

1.2 How many persons are there in this household (who usually live in this household for at least one month per year, but excluding temporary visitors)?

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…… 61-62

1.3 Does any member of this household own this dwelling (even if it is not fully paid yet)? Yes 1 No 2 63

1.4a Does any member of this household own agricultural land that is used for ploughing, grazing or the production of crops? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (c)] 2 64

1.4b [IF “YES” TO (a)]: Is this household living on (or near) that land, or is that agricultural land far away (i.e. beyond easy walking distance) from here? [IF MORE THAN ONE FARM, REFER TO THE ONE CLOSEST TO THE PLACE OF INTERVIEW.] Here/near 1 Far away 2 65

[SKIP TO 2.]

1.4c [IF “NO” TO (a)]: Does this household have access to land for ploughing, grazing or the production of crops or vegetables?

LAND FOR….. Yes No Ploughing 1 2 66 Grazing 1 2 67 Vegetable or crop production 1 2 68

1.4d [IF “YES” TO ANY OF THE OPTIONS IN (c)]: Is this household living on (or near) that land, or is that agricultural land far away (i.e. beyond easy walking distance) from here? [IF MORE THAN ONE FARM, REFER TO THE ONE CLOSEST TO THE PLACE OF INTERVIEW.] Here/near 1 Far away 2 69

Card no. 01

2 Household income

[IF RESPONDENT CAN READ: HAND DISPLAY CARD NO. 1 TO RESPONDENT, AND ASK FOR THE APPROPRIATE CODE.]

What is the total income of this household? [CIRCLE THE CODE.]

Weekly Monthly Annually 1 = None 1 = None 1 = None 01 2 = R1 - R46 2 = R1 - R200 2 = R1 - R2 400 02 3 = R47 - R115 3 = R201 - R500 3 = R2 401 - R6 000 03 4 = R116 - R231 4 = R501 - R1 000 4 = R6 001 - R12 000 04 5 = R232 - R346 5 = R1 001 - R1 500 5 = R12 001 - R18 000 05 6 = R347 - R577 6 = R1 501 - R2 500 6 = R18 001 - R30 000 06 7 = R578 - R808 7 = R2 501 - R3 500 7 = R30 001 - R42 000 07 8 = R809 - R1 039 8 = R3 501 - R4 500 8 = R42 001 - R54 000 08 9 = R1 040 - R1 386 9 = R4 501 - R6 000 9 = R54 001 - R72 000 09 10 = R1 387 - R1 848 10 = R6 001 - R8 000 10 = R72 001 - R96 000 10 11 = R1 849 - R2 540 11 = R8 001 - R11 000 11 = R96 001 - R132 000 11 12 = R2 541 - R3 695 12 = R11 001 - R16 000 12 = R132 001 - R192 000 12 13 = R3 696 - R6 928 13 = R16 001 - R30 000 13 = R192 001 - R360 000 13 14 = R6 929 or more 14 = R30 001 or more 14 = R360 001 or more 14 15 = Don’t know 15 = Don’t know 15 = Don’t know 15 16 = Refuse to answer 16 = Refuse to answer 16 = Refuse to answer 16 70-71

3 Service delivery 3.1 Approximately how much does your household pay per month for each of the following services?

Service Does not R1– R21– R51– R101– R151– R201+ Does Does not pay R20 R50 R100 R150 R200 not have this know service Water 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 72 Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 73 Water-borne sewerage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 74 Refuse removal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 75

3.2 In your opinion, what is the quality of the following services in the area where you live?

Service Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor Uncertain No such quality quality quality quality quality service in this area Water 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 76 Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 77 Water-borne sewerage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 78 Refuse removal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 79 All the services provided at the local government’s so- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 called “flat rate”

Card no. 02 3-6 HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE

1 Basic demographic characteristics [To be completed in respect of all household members, preferably listed by decreasing age. Remember to include people who go away from time to time for work, study, health or similar reasons, but who usually live here for at least one month a year, whether currently present or not. Use a second schedule form if necessary for 11+ persons, write down the questionnaire and record numbers, and attach (clip) the additional schedule to this questionnaire.]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (a) Position in the household

1 = Currently a usual household member (staying here most of the time) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7-16 2 = Temporary resident or visitor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Other household member (not being a usual member or temporary visitor): 3 = Currently present in the household (at least during the next days) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 = Currently absent from the household (or at least during the next days) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

(b) Age (at last birthday)? [If a baby younger than one year, write “00”. If the 17-36 person is 99 years of age or older, write “99”]. Specify: ______(c) Is this the person providing the information for the household? 1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 37-46 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (d) Gender?

1 = Male 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 47-56 2 = Female 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (e) Would this person describe himself/herself as:

1 = African/Black? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = Coloured? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 = Griqua? 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 57-66 4 = Indian/Asian? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 = White? 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 = Other? 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Specify: ……………………………………………………..……………….. ______

Card no. 03 3-6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (f) First language (or language spoken mostly at home):

11 = Afrikaans 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 17 = Arabic 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 = Asian language (e.g. Chinese, Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu) 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 12 = English 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 = European language other than English (e.g. French, German, Greek, 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Italian, Netherlands, Portuguese) 01 = isiNdebele 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 = isiXhosa 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 03 = isiZulu 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 = Sepedi 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 7-26 05 = Sesotho 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 06 = Setswana 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 10 = Shangaan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 15 = Shona 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 07 = Siswati 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 13 = Swahili 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 08 = Tshivenda 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 = Xitsonga 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 18 = Other? 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Specify: ………………………………………………………………….. ______

(g) Relationship to household head:

1 = Household head 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = Husband, wife or partner of household head 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 = Parent, step-parent or foster parent of household head 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 = Child, foster child, adopted child or stepchild of household head 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 = Brother, sister, stepbrother or stepsister of household head 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 27-36 6 = Grandchild (including foster grandchild, adopted grandchild or step- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 grandchild) of household head 7 = Other relative of household head (grandparent, aunt, uncle, cousin, 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 nephew, niece, etc.) 8 = Non-related boarder or lodger (paying for lodging/boarding) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 = Other non-related household member (not paying for lodging/boarding) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 = Not a member of the household (e.g. temporary visitor) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Card no. 03

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (h) Marital status:

1 = Never married 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = Married (civil/religious, or traditional/customary) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 37-46 3 = Living together (with partner) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 = Widow/Widower 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 = Divorced/Separated 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 (i) Has this person ever lived outside “this area”, i.e. the rural part of this district (if rural), or this town/city (if urban) for any period of six months or longer? 47-56 1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 Basic socio-economic characteristics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (a) Highest school class/standard passed. (If no schooling, or currently in Grade 1/Sub A, circle “00”):

00 = None or Grade 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 = Grade 1 / Sub A 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 = Grade 2 / Sub B 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 03 = Grade 3 / Std 1 / Level 1 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 = Grade 4 / Std 2 / Level 2 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 05 = Grade 5 / Std 3 / Level 3 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 06 = Grade 6 / Std 4 / Level 4 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 57-76 07 = Grade 7 / Std 5 / Level 5 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 08 = Grade 8 / Std 6 / Level 6 / Form I 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 = Grade 9 / Std 7 / Level 7 / Form II 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 10 = Grade10 / Std 8 / Level 8 / Form III / NTC 1 / RCE Higher 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 = Grade 11 / Std 9 / GCE / General Certificate of Education / Certificate of 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Secondary Education /Form IV 12 = Grade 12 / Std 10 / Senior Certificate / Matric / Law Matric / Abitur / 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Subsidiary / Form V 13 = Unspecified / Not reported 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Card no. 04 3-6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (b) Post-school qualification:

0 = None 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = College/technikon/university certificate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = College/technikon/university diploma 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 = Technikon/university degree 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7-16 4 = Post-graduate qualification (e.g. honours/master’s/doctoral) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 = Unspecified / Not reported 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 (c) Is the person often/now away from home (usually for more than six months per year) to work or to find work in another area? [“LABOUR MIGRANT”] 17-26 1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (d) Does the person currently work (for pay, profit or family gain)? 27-36 1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (e) [If “No”, i.e. if the person is not working]: Is he/she one of the following?

1 = Unemployed and looking for work 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = Unemployed, not looking for work, but would accept work 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 = Housewife/home-maker 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 = Young child (not yet attending school) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 37-46 5 = School pupil / Full-time student 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 = Retired person/pensioner 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 = Disabled person 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 = Not wishing to work 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 = None of the above 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Card no. 04 & 05

SELECTION OF THE RESPONDENT NOTES FOR INTERVIEWER TO IDENTIFY MEMBERS QUALIFYING FOR SELECTION [TO BE COMPLETED INDIVIDUALLY FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, INCLUDING “LABOUR MIGRANTS”, WHETHER PRESENT OR NOT.]

1 Criteria for selection (both conditions must be met): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (Condition 1) Aged between 18 and 69 years (both ages included)

1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 47-56 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (Condition 2) Currently a usual household member OR another household member (but not a temporary resident or visitor) and expected to be available to be interviewed within the next 2 days. 57-66

1 = Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 = No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 67-68 Questionnaire No. (allocated by supervisor): ……………………………………………………………………….. 69-70 Number of qualifying persons in the household: …………………………………………………………………….. 71-72 Selected respondent’s household member no: ………………………………………………………………..

1 = Yes (Record information for Visit 1) 1 73 Is the selected respondent available to be interviewed now? 2 = No (Make an/next appointment, and record the details below) 2

Card no. 05 3-6 Date Time (Appoint./Start) Time (Completed) Appointment schedule for “Individual Questionnaire”: Day Month Hour (24) Minute Hour (24) Minute

Visit 1: Date:……/…… Actual time of interview: Started:……:…... Completed: …..:…... 7-18

Visit 2: Date:….…/……… Time:……:……. Actual time of interview: Started:……:…... Completed: ..…:…... 19-30

Visit 3: Date:….…/…… Time:……:……. Actual time of interview: Started:……:…... Completed: ..…:…... 31-42

Visit 4: Date:….…/…… Time:……:……. Actual time of interview: Started:……:…... Completed: ..…:…... 43-54

Card no. 05

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS/PERSONS FROM WHICH/WHOM QUESTION- (a) THE HOUSEHOLD OR (b) THE RESPONDENT NAIRE MUST BE DRAWN NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 26 51 76 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 3 5 8 6 5 12 10 1 6 8 7 19 19 13 21 13 24 25

2 27 52 77 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 2 3 4 8 3 7 2 5 14 4 15 4 8 6 16 14 22 19

3 28 53 78 1 1 2 1 4 2 7 6 9 3 5 11 2 1 3 11 7 10 16 16 10 5 2 2 3

4 29 54 79 1 2 3 2 1 3 5 8 6 2 4 2 4 8 11 10 16 6 9 10 15 11 12 11 18

5 30 55 80 1 1 1 4 5 6 3 5 7 5 9 8 14 3 2 13 5 18 1 4 1 20 11 5 24

6 31 56 81 1 2 2 2 3 5 6 7 8 7 1 4 9 14 8 2 17 17 14 12 14 22 10 3 14

7 32 57 82 1 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 4 6 3 6 5 7 13 9 2 3 13 14 8 2 7 20 4

8 33 58 83 1 1 2 3 2 5 1 4 2 1 7 10 6 5 4 15 10 5 2 13 4 17 5 17 8

9 34 59 84 1 1 3 2 5 6 2 2 1 9 10 1 10 4 6 6 1 9 10 1 5 6 9 1 12

10 35 60 85 1 2 2 4 1 3 3 6 9 10 11 12 3 9 15 7 8 11 6 3 9 4 3 10 1

11 36 61 86 1 1 1 3 1 4 5 3 1 6 2 9 13 11 14 4 11 4 15 15 17 1 1 23 2

12 37 62 87 1 2 3 1 3 2 7 5 6 5 7 7 8 6 10 3 3 1 12 20 7 13 22 12 16

13 38 63 88 1 1 2 1 5 3 6 4 3 4 6 2 11 13 12 1 15 8 7 2 12 15 21 13 7

14 39 64 89 1 2 3 2 4 1 4 7 8 2 5 6 11 12 9 16 13 16 11 18 18 14 16 18 23

15 40 65 90 1 2 1 4 2 4 3 8 7 7 11 1 3 5 7 12 14 13 8 17 20 19 20 19 11

16 41 66 91 1 1 3 3 1 6 5 1 5 9 10 3 2 11 13 8 12 12 5 6 21 8 8 4 15

17 42 67 92 1 1 2 3 4 2 6 4 2 3 2 12 5 2 10 13 5 8 18 9 16 10 17 16 20

18 43 68 93 1 2 1 4 2 6 4 1 4 8 9 10 7 9 3 12 12 9 7 20 19 9 19 21 13

19 44 69 94 1 2 2 1 3 5 2 8 9 10 4 9 8 13 1 1 14 10 19 10 11 18 15 7 6

20 45 70 95 1 1 3 2 5 4 1 3 8 1 3 8 6 6 9 5 7 13 4 15 1 7 22 15 21

21 46 71 96 1 1 1 2 5 1 7 2 3 2 1 11 4 7 5 3 2 1 3 12 18 5 19 14 9

22 47 72 97 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 6 2 1 8 7 1 4 2 11 8 2 17 4 17 21 16 3 5

23 48 73 98 1 2 3 4 2 2 6 7 7 8 3 4 9 3 6 2 11 11 16 2 8 11 23 6 22

24 49 74 99 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 5 5 3 1 5 13 1 14 8 14 6 15 9 14 3 6 9 17

25 50 75 100 1 1 2 3 3 2 4 6 4 7 5 3 12 12 12 4 6 2 17 11 2 12 4 8 10

Household selection: Row (line) number (--), column number (--), and matrix number (--)

55-60

Respondent selection: Row (line) number (--), column number (--), and matrix number (--)

61-66

Card no. 06 3-6 THE “INDIVIDUAL” QUESTIONNAIRE

IMPORTANT: (SELECTED) HOUSEHOLD MEMBER NO.: ……… 7-8

1 BIOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER DETAILS OF RESPONDENT 1.1 Demographic characteristics 1.1.1 Gender Male 1 Female 2 9

1.1.2. Date of birth?

Year: 19…………. 10-11

1.2 Economic activities 1.2.1 Do you currently work (for pay, profit or family gain)? Yes [SKIP TO 1.2.3.] 1 No 2 12

1.2.2. [IF “NO” TO 1.2.1]: Are you one of the following?

Never worked in your life, and never received any income [SKIP TO 1.2.6] 0 Currently unemployed and looking for work 1 Currently unemployed, not looking for work, but would accept work 2 Housewife/home-maker 3 Pupil/full-time student 4 Retired person/pensioner 5 Disabled (and therefore not able to work) 6 Between jobs/contracts or on an extended stay at home 7 Not wishing to work 8 None of the above 9 13

Specify: …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-15

[IF “0” IN 1.2.2, SKIP TO SECTION 1.2.6.]

1.2.3.a Please describe in detail the type of work done (or done previously).

…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………. 16-19 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

1.2.3.b Occupational category Independent professional occupation 01 Managerial, executive and high administrative occupation 02 Middle and lower level salaried professional 03 Inspectional and semi-professional occupation 04 Clerical and sales (non-counter) 05 Skilled manual, supervisory 06 Routine white collar and counter sales 07 Semi-skilled, operator, driver 08 Unskilled manual, labourer 09 Other 10 20-21

Card no. 06

1.2.4 In what sector do you work (or in what sector did you work previously, if not working now), i.e. what is/was the main activity of the organisation where you work/ed? Agriculture, fishing and forestry 01 Mining 02 Manufacturing 03 Electricity and water 04 Construction 05 Wholesale and retail 06 Restaurant, hotel, entertainment and sport 07 Transport, communication and information technology 08 Finance 09 Educational or research services 10 Medical or health services 11 Legal services 12 Domestic services 13 Police service or armed forces 14 Other services 15 Other 16 22-23

1.2.5 [IF WORKING NOW]: Where do you normally work (if you are not a travelling worker, i.e. if the place of work is more or less permanent)?

(a) Location:

Name of place: ...... …………..... 24-30

Name of nearest large town: ...... ……………………………………………...……………

[MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT]: ...... …………..... 31-33

(b) Type of locality (if the place of work is more or less permanent):

Rural area 1 Urban/“built up” area (city or town) 2 34

1.2.6 [USE DISPLAY CARD NO. 1.] What is your personal income in Rand (before any deductions)? (Please include all your sources of income, for example housing loan subsidy, bonus(es), allowance (such as car allowances), and investment income. If you receive a pension or disability grant, please include this amount as well.).

Card no. 06

1.2.7 What is your main source of income?

No income 01 Salary / wage 02 Self-employment income 03 Spouse’s income 04 Income from another member in this household 05 Income from a member in another household 06 Unemployment insurance fund (UIF) 07 Pension 08 Disability pension 09 Maintenance 10 Rent 11 Other (specify): 12 37-38

……………………………………………………………………… 39-40

2 RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION

2.1. Taking all things together, how satisfied are you with your life on the whole these days? Generally speaking, would you say you are:

Very satisfied 5 Satisfied 4 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 3 Dissatisfied 2 Very dissatisfied 1 Uncertain / Don’t know 0 41

3 MIGRATION INTENTIONS

[INTERVIEWER: DEFINITION OF “THIS AREA”: IF RURAL, SAY “THE RURAL PART OF THIS DISTRICT”; IF URBAN, SAY “THIS CITY” (IF IN A CITY) OR “THIS TOWN” (IF IN A TOWN).]

3.1. Do you plan to move away from “this area” to settle permanently in another area in South Africa or in another country in the next 12 months? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 42

3.2 [IF “NO” TO 3.1]: Thinking further into the future, do you intend to move away from “this area” to settle permanently in another area in South Africa or in another country in the next five years? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 43

3.3 [IF “NO” TO 3.2]: Do you plan to move to another area in South Africa or abroad in the next 12 months for a few months to work or look for work or for other reasons, and then return to “this area”? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 44

3.4 [IF “NO” TO 3.3]: Thinking further into the future once more, do you intend to move to another area in South Africa or abroad in the next five years for a few months to work or to look for work, or for other reasons, and then return to “this area”? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 45

Card no. 06

3.5 [IF “NO” TO 3.4]: Have you ever considered moving away from “this area” to settle elsewhere in South Africa or abroad, whether for a long time or only temporarily, for whatever reason? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 46

3.6 [IF “NO” TO 3.5]: Would you like to move to another area in South Africa or abroad, whether for a long time or only temporarily, for whatever reason and irrespective of whether it is likely that you may move there or not? Yes [SKIP TO 3.8] 1 No 2 47

3.7. [IF “NO” TO 3.6]: What is the name of a large city with which you are familiar, or the name of the nearest city? [IF CURRENTLY IN A CITY, IDENTIFY ANOTHER.]

CITY: ...... ………...... ……...…...... 48-49

3.8. How likely or unlikely is it that you will never move away from “this area”?

Very likely 1 Likely 2 Neither likely nor unlikely 3 Unlikely 4 Very unlikely 5 Don’t know 0 50

[SKIP TO 3.14.]

3.9 [IF “YES” TO 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 OR 3.6]: Where in South Africa (outside “this area”) or to which other country will you move (or would you most like to move)?

[IF IN SOUTH AFRICA]: (a) Name of place [“AREA” — FOR SECTIONS 3.11–3.13, 4 AND 5]:

Name of place: ...... …………..... 51-57

Name of nearest large town: ...... ……………………………………………...……………

[MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT]: ...... …………..... 58-60

[SKIP TO 3.10.]

OR [IF IN ANOTHER COUNTRY]: Name of country [“AREA” — FOR 3.11–3.13, 4 & 5]:

(b) Name of country: .………………...... …………..... 61-62

3.10 [IF RESPONDENT INTENDS TO MOVE AWAY]: How likely or unlikely is it that you would actually move tot that place?

Very likely 1 Likely 2 Neither likely nor unlikely 3 Unlikely 4 Very unlikely 5 Don’t know 0 63

Card no. 06 & 07

3.11 [IF RESPONDENT INTENDS TO MOVE AWAY]: Would you like to live in ...... [NAME OF “AREA” – SEE 3.9] in a rural environment (e.g. on a farm), in an urban area (i.e. a “built- up” area, such as a town or city) or in a peri-urban area (e.g. on a smallholding)?

Rural area / farm 1 Urban / “built-up” area (city or town) 2 Peri- urban area / smallholding 3 64

3.12 [IF RESPONDENT INTENDS TO MOVE AWAY]: How likely or unlikely is it that you would ever actually move to “AREA” [SEE 3.9]?

Very likely 1 Likely 2 Neither likely nor unlikely 3 Unlikely 4 Very unlikely 5 Don’t know 0 65

3.13 [IF RESPONDENT INTENDS TO MOVE AWAY]: Which of the following arrangements, if any, have you already made in preparation for your move? Yes No Talked to your relatives living here about the possibility of moving to “AREA” 1 2 66 Talked to relatives/friends living in “AREA” 1 2 67 Started saving money for moving to “AREA” 1 2 68 Started enquiring about jobs in “AREA” 1 2 69 Applied for employment/transfer to “AREA” 1 2 70 Already arranged for job interview(s) in “AREA” 1 2 71 Accepted employment in “AREA” 1 2 72 Looked at schools in “AREA” 1 2 73 Started looking for a place to live in “AREA” 1 2 74 Bought or built a house in “AREA” 1 2 75 Sold your house here 1 2 76 Arranged for the relocation (and the moving of your furniture) to “AREA” 1 2 77

Other arrangements (specify):…………………………………………………………..………………. 78-79

Card no. 07 3-6

3.14a [TO BE ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS]: In thinking about whether you intend to move or stay here, on which of the following, if any, will you base your decision (to move or stay)? Yes No On what would be best for your own future 1 2 7 On this household’s need for a higher income 1 2 8 On reducing the risk of bad things happening to this household 1 2 9 On what is best for family members who are not currently part of this household 1 2 10

On another perspective (specify):………………………………………………………………………... 11-12

3.14b Which one of the previous statements best reflects how you approach this decision?

Your own future 1 This household’s need for a higher income 2 Reducing the risk of bad things happening to this household 3 Family members who are not currently part of this household 4 The other perspective mentioned in (a) 5 13

Card no. 07

4 INFORMATION ABOUT “AREA” [IF ANY WAS GIVEN IN 3.9 ABOVE], JOHANNESBURG AND CAPE TOWN

4.1 [IF RESPONDENT DOES NOT CONSIDER MOVING ELSEWHERE (SEE 3.6), SKIP TO 4.2]

4.1a [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: Have you ever lived in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] for a period of at least six months since becoming 18 years of age? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN “AREA”.] Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (c)] 2 14

4.1b [IF “YES”] How long did you live in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] (in total since age 18 years)? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN “AREA”.]

Years ………………. 15-16

Months .……………. 17-18

4.1c [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: How much do you know about “AREA” [SEE 3.9] as a place to live and work in?

Everything there is to know 5 A great deal 4 Enough 3 Too little 2 Nothing whatsoever 1 19

4.1d [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: What would be your main reason for moving or wanting to move to “AREA” [SEE 3.9]? Please give the single most important reason.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………. 20-21

4.1e [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: From where did you get most of your information about “AREA” [SEE 3.9]?

Know nothing whatsoever 0 Lived in “AREA” before, and therefore you know it 1 Visited “AREA”, and therefore you know something about it from observation 2 Relatives / friends / acquaintances who lived in “AREA” before 3 Relatives / friends / acquaintances currently living in “AREA” 4 Radio / television / advertisements in the electronic media 5 Newspapers / magazines / advertisements in the print media 6 Other source(s) (specify): 7 22

………………………………………..………………………………………...... 23-24

4.1f [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: Do you have any immediate relatives or close friends who live in “AREA” [SEE 3.9]?

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (i)] 2 25

Card no. 07

4.1g [IF “YES” TO (f)]: Have you or other members of this household had contact with any of these relatives or friends living in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] during the past 12 months?

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (i)] 2 26

4.1h [IF “YES” TO (g)]: What was the nature of the contact you or other members of this household had with the relatives or friends living in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] during the past 12 months?

Yes No We / I visited them in “AREA” 1 2 27 They visited us / me 1 2 28 We / I talked to them on the phone 1 2 29 We exchanged personal letters 1 2 30 They offered one of us a job in “AREA” 1 2 31 They provided information about jobs/work in “AREA” 1 2 32 They offered us/me money or gifts 1 2 33 They gave us/me money or gifts 1 2 34

4.1i [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: Do you think the overall living conditions are better in “AREA” than in “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY], would they be better in “this area”, or would there not be much of a difference? [ASK RESPONDENT FOR OPINION AND THEN PROBE FOR STRENGTH OF OPINION.]

Much better in “AREA” 5 Better in the “AREA” 4 About the same 3 Better in “this area” 2 Much better in “this area” 1 Don’t know 0 35

4.1j [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: To what extent would you like your children or grandchildren to be raised in “AREA” [SEE 3.9]? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 36

4.1k [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: To what extent would you like to live in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] when you retire? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 37

4.1l [IF RESPONDENT CONSIDERS MOVING ELSEWHERE]: To what extent would you like to be buried in “AREA” [SEE 3.9] one day? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 38

Card no. 07

4.2 [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE IN GAUTENG, SKIP TO 4.3]

4.2a [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: Have you ever lived in Johannesburg for a period of at least six months since becoming 18 years of age? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN JOHANNESBURG.] Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (c)] 2 39

4.2b [IF “YES” TO (a)]: How long did you live in Johannesburg (in total since age 18 years)? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN JOHANNESBURG.]

Years ………………. 40-41

Months .……………. 42-43

4.2c [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: How much do you know about Johannesburg as a place in which to live and work?

Everything there is to know 5 A great deal 4 Enough 3 Too little 2 Nothing whatsoever 1 44

4.2d [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: From where did you get most of your information about Johannesburg?

Know nothing whatsoever 0 Lived in Gauteng before, and therefore you know it 1 Visited Gauteng, and therefore you know something about it from observation 2 Relatives / friends / acquaintances who lived in Johannesburg before 3 Relatives / friends / acquaintances currently living in Johannesburg 4 Radio / television / advertisements in the electronic media 5 Newspapers / magazines / advertisements in the print media 6 Other source(s) (specify): 7 45

…………………………………………………………………………………...... ………………….. 46-47

4.2e [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: Do you have any immediate relatives or close friends who live in Johannesburg? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (h)] 2 48

4.2f [IF “YES” TO (e)]: Have you or other members of this household had contact with any of these relatives or friends living in Johannesburg during the past 12 months? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (h)] 2 49

Card no. 07

4.2g [IF “YES” TO (f)]: What was the nature of the contact you or other members of this household had with the relatives or friends living in Johannesburg during the past 12 months? Yes No We / I visited them in Johannesburg 1 2 50 They visited us / me 1 2 51 We / I talked to them on the phone 1 2 52 We exchanged personal letters 1 2 53 They offered one of us a job in Johannesburg 1 2 54 They provided information about jobs/work in Johannesburg 1 2 55 They offered us/me money or gifts 1 2 56 They gave us/me money or gifts 1 2 57

4.2h [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: Do you think the overall living conditions are better in Johannesburg than in “this area” [DISTRICT/ TOWN/CITY], would they be better in “this area”, or would there not be much of a difference? [ASK RESPONDENT FOR OPINION AND THEN PROBE FOR STRENGTH OF OPINION.]

Much better in Johannesburg 5 Better in the Johannesburg 4 About the same 3 Better in “this area” 2 Much better in “this area” 1 Don’t know 0 58

4.2i [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: To what extent would you like your children or grandchildren to be raised in Johannesburg? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 59

4.2j [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: To what extent would you like to live in Johannesburg when you retire? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 60

4.2k [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG]: To what extent would you like to be buried in Johannesburg one day?

Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 61

4.3 [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE IN (GREATER) CAPE TOWN, SKIP TO SECTION 5.]

4.3a [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: Have you ever lived in Cape Town for a period of at least six months since becoming 18 years of age? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN CAPE TOWN.] Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (c)] 2 62

Card no. 07

4.3b [IF “YES”] How long have you lived in Cape Town (in total) since age 18 years? [THIS EXCLUDES HOLIDAYS SPENT IN CAPE TOWN.]

Years ………………. 63-64

Months .……………. 65-66

4.3c [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: How much do you know about Cape Town as a place in which to live and work?

Everything there is to know 5 A great deal 4 Enough 3 Too little 2 Nothing whatsoever 1 67

4.3d [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: From where did you get most of your information about Cape Town?

Know nothing whatsoever 0 Lived in Cape Town before, and therefore you know it 1 Visited Cape Town, and therefore you know something about it from observation 2 Relatives / friends / acquaintances who lived in Cape Town before 3 Relatives / friends / acquaintances currently living in Cape Town 4 Radio / television / advertisements in the electronic media 5 Newspapers / magazines / advertisements in the print media 6 Other source(s) (specify): 7 68

…………………………………………………………...... ……………………….. 69-70

4.3e [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: Do you have any immediate relatives or close friends who live in Cape Town? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (h)] 2 71

4.3f [IF “YES” TO (e)]: Have you or other members of this household had contact with any of these relatives or friends living in Cape Town during the past 12 months?

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO (h)] 2 72

4.3g [IF “YES” TO (f)]: What was the nature of the contact you or other members of this household had with the relatives or friends living in Cape Town during the past 12 months?

Yes No We / I visited them in Cape Town 1 2 73 They visited us / me 1 2 74 We / I talked to them on the phone 1 2 75 We exchanged personal letters 1 2 76 They offered one of us a job in Cape Town 1 2 77 They provided information about jobs/work in Cape Town 1 2 78 They offered us/me money or gifts 1 2 79 They gave us/me money or gifts 1 2 80

Card no. 08 3-6 4.3h [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: Do you think the overall living conditions are better in Cape Town than in “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY], would they be better in “this area”, or would there not be much of a difference? [ASK RESPONDENT FOR OPINION AND THEN PROBE FOR STRENGTH OF OPINION.]

Much better in Cape Town 5 Better in Cape Town 4 About the same 3 Better in “this area” 2 Much better in “this area” 1 Don’t know 0 7

4.3i [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: To what extent would you like your children or grandchildren to be raised in Cape Town? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 8

4.3j [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: To what extent would you like to live in Cape Town when you retire? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 9

4.3k [IF INTERVIEW TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE (GREATER) CAPE TOWN]: To what extent would you like to be buried in Cape Town one day? Not at all 1 Not really 2 To some extent 3 To a large extent 4 Very much 5 Don’t know / Uncertain 0 10

5 VALUES AND EXPECTATIONS

INTERVIEWER: DEFINING “AREA”:

1. IF THE RESPONDENT PLANS TO MOVE TO ANOTHER AREA (SEE 3.9), THEN “AREA” IS THE NAME OF THAT PLACE OR COUNTRY.

2. IF THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT PLAN TO MOVE TO ANOTHER AREA, THEN “AREA” IMPLIES ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TWO OPTIONS:

(a) IF THE SURVEY TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE GAUTENG, THEN “AREA” IS “Johannesburg”. [HOWEVER, IF THE RESPONDENT KNOWS “TOO LITTLE” OR “NOTHING WHATSOVER” ABOUT JOHANNESBURG (SEE 4.2 (c)), THEN “AREA” IS THE CITY MENTIONED IN 3.7]

(b) IF THE SURVEY TAKES PLACE IN GAUTENG, THEN “AREA” IS “Cape Town”. [HOWEVER, IF THE RESPONDENT KNOWS “TOO LITTLE” OR “NOTHING WHATSOVER” ABOUT CAPE TOWN (SEE 4.3 (c)), THEN “AREA” IS THE CITY MENTIONED IN 3.7]

Card no. 08

The following items deal with people’s needs (or goals/values) in life, and their expectations regarding the extent to which their needs are likely to be met here and in a given possible alternative area of residence.

IF RESPONDENT CAN READ: HAND HIM/HER DISPLAY CARD NO. 2, AND ASK HIM/HER TO READ TO YOU THE THREE RESPONSE OPTIONS AFTER HAVING HEARD EACH PARTICULAR ITEM. EXPLAIN TO HIM/HER THAT HE/SHE MUST FIRST GIVE THE APPROPRIATE RESPONSE OPTION UNDER “VALUE”, FOLLOWED BY THE TWO “EXPECTATION” RESPONSE OPTIONS – IN THE REQUIRED ORDER.

First, please give us your personal view on how important every item below is to you personally now, and with the future in mind. Second, give us your view on the extent to which this area (where you live now) is likely to meet your needs in respect of the particular item (irrespective of how important that item is to you personally). Third, please give us your view on the extent to which “AREA” is more or less likely than this area (where you live now) to meet your needs in respect of the particular item.

(1) You should rate the importance of a specific item as follows: (1) “Totally unimportant”, (2) “Not really important”, (3) “Reasonably important”, (4) “Very important” or (5) “Extremely important” (i.e. “totally indispensable”).

(2) The expectation for this area (where you live now) should be rated as follows: (1) “Not at all”, (2) “Small extent”, (3) “Some extent”, (4) “Great extent” or (5) “Very great extent”.

(3) The expectation for “AREA” should be rated in comparison with this area (i.e. where you live now). In this case the options to choose from are as follows: (1) “Much worse”, (2) “Worse”, (3) “Neither better nor worse” (i.e. about the same), (4) “Better” or (5) “Much better”.

Please do not think too long about these statements – rather give your immediate response! If you do not understand a particular item, please tell me so, and I shall make a note to that effect. Please remember that there are no right or wrong answers!

INTERVIEWER: DEAL WITH THE QUESTIONS ROW-BY-ROW (I.E. LINE-BY-LINE – NOT COLUMN-BY-COLUMN)!

Item “Value” “Expectations” How important is this To what extent is To what extent can …….……. item to you personally this area (where [“AREA”] be expected to do now, and with the you live now) better or worse in meeting this future in mind? likely to meet this need than the area where you need? live now? 0 = Don’t understand 0 = Don’t understand 0 = Don’t understand 1 = Totally unimportant 1 = Not at all 1 = Much worse 2 = Not really important 2 = Small extent 2 = Worse 3 = Reasonably important 3 = Some extent 3 = Neither better nor worse 4 = Very important 4 = Great extent 4 = Better 5 = Extremely important 5 = Very great extent 5 = Much better

Living in a well-planned residential area 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 11-13 Living in an area with a local authority having officials that are extremely 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 14-16 efficient To live in an area with a wide variety of job opportunities 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 17-19 Living in an environment with a rural character 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 20-22 To live in a community where people mostly have the same customs and habits 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 23-25 Living in an area where all the important cultural facilities are available 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 26-28

Card no. 08 & 09

Item “Value” “Expectations” How important is this To what extent is To what extent can item to you personally this area (where ……….……………. [“AREA”] now, and with the you live now) be expected to do better or future in mind? likely to meet this worse in meeting this need than need? the area where you live now? 0 = Don’t understand 0 = Don’t understand 0 = Don’t understand 1 = Totally unimportant 1 = Not at all 1 = Much worse 2 = Not really important 2 = Small extent 2 = Worse 3 = Reasonably important 3 = Some extent 3 = Neither better nor worse 4 = Very important 4 = Great extent 4 = Better 5 = Extremely important 5 = Very great extent 5 = Much better To live in a community where people mostly speak one’s own language 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 29-31 Living in an area with fresh, unpolluted air 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 32-34 To live in a community with a balanced quest for progress 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 35-37 Living in a clean, litter-free living environment 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 38-40 To live in an environment with potential for strong and fast economic progress 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 41-43 To live in an area with moderately hot summers and cool winters 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 44-46 Living in an area with pleasant weather conditions 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 47-49 To live in an area with lush natural vegetation throughout the year 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 50-52

Living in an area with a high rainfall 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 53-55

Having total financial independence 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 56-58 To have a high degree of financial security 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 59-61

Having a restful way of life 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 62-64 Having cold and hot running water on tap inside your house 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 65-67 Being good friends with people in the neighbourhood 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 68-70

Being part of one’s community 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 71-73 Knowing people on whom one can rely for help and assistance 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 74-76 Living in a place without bad moral influences 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 77-79

Card no. 09 3-6

To have a job with status 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 7-9

To experience new and exciting things 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 10-12

Being active in public life 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 13-15

Having a good formal education 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 16-18

Living far away from other people 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 19-21

To have lots of spare time 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 22-24

Having no family commitments 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 25-27

Card no. 09

Having an exciting life 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 28-30 Living beyond walking distance from relatives 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 31-33

Being “on one’s own” 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 34-36

Enhancing one’s status in the community 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 37-39 To live in a house with all the best amenities indoors 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 40-42 Enjoying a very high status in the community 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 43-45 To have decent schools within walking distance 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 46-48 Having decent health-care facilities nearby 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 49-51 To live in a community where everybody feels safe and has peace of mind 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 52-54 Living in an area with a very efficient local police force 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 55-57 To live in a crime-free living environment 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 58-60

Having very good telephone services 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 61-63

6 LAST MIGRATION (IF EVER MIGRATED)

6.1 ORIGIN: DURATION OF STAY

6.1.1 Have you ever lived outside “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY] for a period of at least six months? [DO NOT INCLUDE HOLIDAYS SPENT ELSEWHERE.]

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.7] 2 64

6.1.2 How long did you stay in the last area where you lived before moving to “this area” [DISTRICT/ TOWN/ CITY]?

6.1.2a Was it all the time since birth?

Yes [IF “YES”, SKIP TO SECTION 6.1.3.] 1 No 2 65

6.1.2b [IF “NO”]: How long did you stay there? Please give the exact duration.

Years ………………. 66-67

Months .……………. 68-69

Card no. 09 & 10

6.1.2c [IF LESS THAN ONE YEAR]: Why did you stay there for such a short period?

………………….………………………………………………………………………………………… 70-71

6.1.2d Where did your mother live at the time that you were born?

(i) [IF IN SOUTH AFRICA]:

Name of the place: ………………………………………..……………………………

...... ……………..... 72-78

Name of nearest large town: ...... …………………...……………

Card no. 10 3-6

[MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT]: ...... ………………..... 7-9

[SKIP TO 6.1.3.]

(ii) OR [IF IN ANOTHER COUNTRY]: Name of country:

Name of country: .………………...... ………..... 10-11

6.1.2e Did your mother live there in a rural environment (e.g. on a farm) or was it an urban, built-up area (e.g. in a town or city), or in a peri-urban area (e.g. on a smallholding)?

Rural / farm 1 Peri-urban / smallholding 2 Urban (town/city) 3 12

6.1.2f Did you, for the most part, grow up in that place? Yes 1 No 2 13

6.1.3 How old were you when you moved to “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY]?

Age: .………………years 14-15

[IF UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE AT THE TIME: SKIP TO SECTION 6.7.]

6.2 ORIGIN: CHARACTERISTICS Now I want to know a little more about the area in South Africa or abroad where you lived just before moving to “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY].

6.2.1 Did you live there in a rural environment (e.g. on a farm) or was it an urban, built-up area (e.g. in a town or city), or in a peri-urban area (e.g. on a smallholding)?

Rural / farm 1 Peri-urban / smallholding 2 Urban (town/city) 3 16

Card no. 10

6.2.2 What is the name of the place or country where you lived before moving to “this area” [DISTRICT/ TOWN/CITY] (the last time, if more than once)?

(a) [IF IN SOUTH AFRICA]:

Name of place: ...... …………..... 17-23

Name of nearest large town: ...... ……………………………………………...……………

{MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT]: ...... …………..... 24-26

[SKIP TO 6.2.3]

(b) OR [IF IN ANOTHER COUNTRY]

Name of country: …...... ……. 27-28

6.2.3 In what type of dwelling did you live just before leaving that area?

House or brick structure on a separate stand or yard 01 Traditional dwelling/hut/structure made of traditional materials 02 Flat in block of flats 03 Town/cluster/semi-detached house (simplex, duplex or triplex) 04 Unit in retirement village 05 House/flat/room, in backyard 06 Informal dwelling/shack, in backyard 07 Informal dwelling/shack, NOT in backyard, e.g. in an informal/squatter settlement 08 Room/flatlet not as in backyard but on a shared property 09 Worker/student hostel or residential hotel 10

Other (specify): ………………………………………………………………………………………… 29-30

6.3 LAST MOVE: CHARACTERISTICS 6.3.1 When exactly did you move to “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY] (the last time, if more than once)? Please give the year and month.

Years ………………………………….………. 31-34

Months .………………………………………… 35-36

6.3.2 Who decided that you should move to “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY]?

………………………………...... ……. 37-38

6.3.3 Did you have the final say in the matter? Yes [SKIP TO 6.3.5] 1 No 2 39

6.3.4 [IF “NO” TO 6.3.3]: Why not? (If forced to move, please provide details, especially about who forced you to move.)

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40-41

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42-43

6.3.5a Did you move alone, or did other people accompany you?

Alone [SKIP TO 6.4.] 1 Accompanied 2 44

[IF ACCOMPANIED]: 6.3.5b Who accompanied you during the move?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45-46

6.3.5c How many persons accompanied you?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47-48

6.4 LAST MOVE: REASONS FOR MOVING

6.4a Why did you leave that area? [Probing is required.] Yes No No suitable employment 1 2 49 No suitable housing 1 2 50 No suitable opportunities for a good education 1 2 51 No suitable income 1 2 52 Poverty and not enough food to eat 1 2 53 Married someone living elsewhere 1 2 54 Divorce 1 2 55 Death/disappearance of spouse/breadwinner 1 2 56 Droughts/storms 1 2 57 No choice (forced to move away) 1 2 58

Other reason (specify):………………………..……………….………...... ………….………...... 59-60

6.4b Why did you decide to move to “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY] instead of going somewhere else? [Probing is required.] Yes No Job transfer 1 2 61 Temporary employment/contract work here 1 2 62 Best employment opportunities 1 2 63 Fastest growing economy 1 2 64 Best housing opportunities 1 2 65 Best educational/training opportunities 1 2 66 Best social networks and support 1 2 67 Married someone living here 1 2 68 No choice (forced to move here) 1 2 69

Other reason (specify): ……………………………...... 70-71

6.4c What was your main reason for moving? Please give the single most important reason.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72-73

Card no. 10

6.5 PRIOR INFORMATION ABOUT “THIS AREA” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY]

6.5.1 How much did you know about “this area” [DISTRICT/TOWN/CITY] before you moved here?

Everything there was to know 5 A great deal 4 Enough 3 Too little 2 Nothing whatsoever [SKIP TO 6.6.] 1 Don’t know / Can’t remember [SKIP TO 6.6.] 0 74

6.5.2 From where did you get most of your information about “this area” [DISTRICT/ TOWN/CITY]?

Not applicable (i.e. knew nothing whatsoever) 0 Relatives / friends / acquaintances who lived here before 1 Relatives / friends / acquaintances living here at the time 2 Radio / television / advertisements in the electronic media 3 Newspapers / magazines / advertisements in the print media 4 Other source/s (specify): 5 75

…….………………………..………………………….....…………………………...... 76

6.5.3 To what extent did you rely on this/these source/s of information?

Entirely 5 A great deal 4 Just about enough (sufficiently) 3 Only a little 2 Not at all 1 77

6.5.4 Was the information you had about this area accurate enough?

Yes 1 No 2 Can’t remember 3 78

6.6 PERCEIVED OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE DIFFERENTIALS I now want to ask you some questions regarding your prior knowledge of economic and other circumstances in “this area” (before you left your previous area of residence).

6.6.1a Were you aware at the time of development initiatives in other areas?

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.2] 2 79

6.6.1b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.1a]: To what extent did this awareness influence your decision to move away from the area where you lived before? Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 80

Card no. 11 3-6

6.6.2a Did you know or think at the time that the government had declared this area as part of a development region (or a so-called “development corridor”)? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.3] 2 7

6.6.2b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.2a]: To what extent did this knowledge or belief influence your decision to move here? Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 8

6.6.3a Were you aware of any local development initiatives here by the government or the private sector?

Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.4] 2 9

6.6.3b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.3a]: To what extent did this awareness influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 10

6.6.4 Did you believe at the time that the employment opportunities in this area were good, compared to other areas? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.5] 2 11

6.6.4b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.4a]: To what extent did this belief influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 12

6.6.5a Did you believe at the time that the educational opportunities in this area were good, compared to other areas? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.6] 2 13

6.6.5b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.5a]: To what extent did this belief influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 14

6.6.6a Did you believe at the time that the housing opportunities in this area were good, compared to other areas? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.7] 2 15

Card no. 11

6.6.6b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.6a]: To what extent did this belief influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 16

6.6.7a Did you believe at the time that the level and quality of services in this area were good, compared to other places? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.6.8] 2 17

6.6.7b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.7a]: To what extent did this belief influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 18

6.6.8a [ASK ONLY IF RESPONDENT IS NOT MARRIED, i.e. SINGLE, DIVORCED OR WIDOWED]: Did you believe at the time that the opportunities for finding a future husband/wife in this area were good, compared to other areas? Yes 1 No [SKIP TO 6.7] 2 19

6.6.8b [IF “YES” TO 6.6.8a]: To what extent did this belief influence your decision to move here?

Not at all 1 Very little 2 Somewhat 3 Largely 4 Totally 5 20

6.7 FAMILY MIGRATION NORMS

During the past couple of years, have the following members of your family who currently live here with you and other people who may be important to you ever encouraged you to move away from this area or to stay in this area, or have they exerted no influence on you one way or the other?

Member No such Encouraged No influence Encouraged person you to stay in exerted one way you to move (N/A) this area or the other away Spouse 0 1 2 3 21 Father 0 1 2 3 22 Mother 0 1 2 3 23 Elder brother 0 1 2 3 24 Elder sister 0 1 2 3 25 Grandfather 0 1 2 3 26 Grandmother 0 1 2 3 27 Closest friend 0 1 2 3 28 Closest neighbour 0 1 2 3 29 Community leader/tribal chief 0 1 2 3 30

1 2 3 Other (specify) ...... ……………...... … 31-33

Card no. 11

7 OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN SITU ADJUSTMENT

7.1 Have you ever seriously considered moving elsewhere but then, instead, tried to “make the best of what you have”? Yes 1 No [GO TO 8] 2 34

7.2(a) [IF “YES” TO 7.1]: Which, if any, of the following statements apply to you, concerning the actions you have taken to “make the best of what you have”?

Yes No Moved to a more suitable house in the same area 1 2 35 Thoroughly reconstructed your house 1 2 36 Enlarged your house by building on more rooms 1 2 37 Moved to another job in the same area 1 2 38 Requested a change of tasks or responsibilities at your work 1 2 39 Accepted that things are as bad here as anywhere else 1 2 40

Other (specify):………………………………………………………….. 41-42

(b) [IF “YES” TO ANY OF THE PREVIOUS STATEMENTS]: Were you satisfied at the time that you were better off after having “made the best of what you have”? Yes 1 No 2 Never thought about it like this 3 Don’t remember 4 43

8 ATTITUDES

IF RESPONDENT CAN READ: HAND HIM/HER DISPLAY CARD NO. 3, AND ASK HIM/HER TO READ TO YOU THE MOST APPROPRIATE RESPONSE NUMBER.]

I shall now read you a number of statements. These statements reflect certain people’s attitudes to specific matters. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each statement. I need to know whether you: (1) “Strongly disagree”, (2) “Disagree”, (3) “Neither agree nor disagree”, (4) “Agree” or (5) “Strongly agree”.

Please do not think too long about these statements and questions – rather give your immediate response! If you do not understand a particular item, please tell me so, and I shall make a note to that effect. Please remember that there are no right or wrong answers!

Statement Don’t Agree Agree Disagree Disagree disagree/ disagree/ Uncertain Uncertain understand Strongly agree Strongly disagree Neither agree nor nor agree Neither

I can usually handle whatever comes my way 0 1 2 3 4 5 44

People tell me that I enjoy taking chances 0 1 2 3 4 5 45

When I am confronted with a problem, I can usually find several solutions 0 1 2 3 4 5 46

In financial matters the husband should take the decisions 0 1 2 3 4 5 47

I sometimes try to take revenge, rather than to forgive and forget 0 1 2 3 4 5 48

Card no. 11

Statement Don’t Agree Agree Disagree Disagree disagree/ disagree/ Uncertain Uncertain understand Strongly agree Strongly disagree Neither agree nor nor agree Neither

I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough 0 1 2 3 4 5 49 If the possible reward was very high, I would not hesitate putting my money into a new business, even though it could fail 0 1 2 3 4 5 50 A wife should obey her husband at all times, even when she thinks he is wrong 0 1 2 3 4 5 51

I have sometimes profited unfairly from someone else 0 1 2 3 4 5 52

It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals 0 1 2 3 4 5 53

I am the kind of person who likes to take risks 0 1 2 3 4 5 54

I am always courteous, even to unpleasant people 0 1 2 3 4 5 55

If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution 0 1 2 3 4 5 56 A wife should take all the major decisions in the household, especially if her husband is away and she stays behind 0 1 2 3 4 5 57

When I want something, I’ll sometimes “go all out” to get it 0 1 2 3 4 5 58

I prefer spending my time in my own, familiar environment 0 1 2 3 4 5 59 I remain calm when facing difficulties, because I can rely on my coping abilities 0 1 2 3 4 5 60

I sometimes feel resentful when I cannot have my own way 0 1 2 3 4 5 61

I am confident that I could deal efficiently with unexpected events 0 1 2 3 4 5 62 Important decisions in the family should always be taken jointly by husband and wife 0 1 2 3 4 5 63

I never take risks when there is another alternative 0 1 2 3 4 5 64

I am always willing to admit that I have made a mistake 0 1 2 3 4 5 65

If someone opposes me, I can find the ways and means to get what I want 0 1 2 3 4 5 66 The decision to move house should never be taken by the husband or wife alone 0 1 2 3 4 5 67 I enjoy the challenge of a project irrespective of whether it means a good promotion or the loss of my job 0 1 2 3 4 5 68

I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort 0 1 2 3 4 5 69

It does not matter whom I speak to, I am always a good listener 0 1 2 3 4 5 70

Thanks to my resourcefulness, I know how to handle unforeseen situations 0 1 2 3 4 5 71

If the gains involved are high, I don’t mind taking risks 0 1 2 3 4 5 72

END OF THE MAIN INTERVIEW

Additional Data Set: Card no. 01

[SINCE THIS INFORMATION IS HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL, PROVIDE SEPARATE BINDING TO ALLOW FOR ALL THE REMAINING PAGES TO BE REMOVED FROM THE MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE. (ALL THE RECORD, EA, TEAM, INTERVIEWER AND SUPERVISOR NAMES/NUMBERS MUST HOWEVER BE FILLED IN, CODED AND CAPTURED INTO A SEPARATE DATA SET BEFORE THE QUESTIONNAIRES ARE SEPARATED.)]

Record no. ………….… 3-6

Questionnaire no. ………….… 7-10

District and EA (full EA no.):…………………………..... 11-17

Fieldwork team identification no.:.………. 18-19

Interviewer’s name:……………………………………………… Identification no.:………… 20-21

Supervisor’s name:……………………………………………… Identification no.:………… 22-23

9 CONTACT INFORMATION FOR FOLLOW-UP INTERVIEW

It is possible that the researchers may want to revisit you during the next 3–5 years to do a short follow-up survey. The purpose of such a follow-up survey will mainly be to determine whether your circumstances have changed, whether or not you have moved to another area, and whether – at that stage – you have any plans to move.

For the follow-up interview to be possible, the researchers need your detailed contact particulars and those of a number of persons with whom you are likely to have contact on a regular basis (such as, apart from spouse and parents, brothers, sisters and adult children). This information will be treated as strictly confidential, and will not be used for any purpose other than the proposed follow-up survey.

9.1 Are you willing to provide your personal contact information to make such a follow-up possible? Yes 1 No 2 24

[IF “NO”]: Why not? ………………………………………………………….……….. 25-26 [IF “NO”, END THE INTERVIEW.] a. Your title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 27-31 First name: 32-49 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 50-64 (STARTING LEFT)] 65-79

Card no. 02 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 03 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 04 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

9.2 Are you willing to provide the contact information of some of your close relatives to make it possible to contact you for the purposes of a short follow-up survey?

Yes 1 No 2 71

[IF “NO”]: Why not? ……………………………………………………………………………. 72-73 [IF “NO”, END THE INTERVIEW.] 05 Card no. 3-6 9.2.1 Spouse/Partner a. Gender: Male 1 Female 2 7 Title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 8-12 First name: 13-30 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 31-45 (STARTING LEFT)] 46-60

Card no. 06 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 07 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 08 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

Card no. 09 3-6 9.2.2 Parent (Father or mother) a. Gender: Male 1 Female 2 7 Title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 8-12 First name: 13-30 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 31-45 (STARTING LEFT)] 46-60

Card no. 10 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 11 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 12 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

Card no. 13 3-6 9.2.3 Adult brother or sister a. Gender: Male 1 Female 2 7 Title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 8-12 First name: 13-30 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 31-45 (STARTING LEFT)] 46-60

Card no. 14 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 15 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 16 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

Card no. 17 3-6 9.2.4 Adult child a. Gender: Male 1 Female 2 7 Title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 8-12 First name: 13-30 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 31-45 (STARTING LEFT)] 46-60

Card no. 18 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 19 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 20 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

Card no. 21 3-6

9.2.5 Other relative or close friend a. Relationship to you: Father/Mother/Stepparent/Foster parent 1 Brother/Sister/Stepbrother/Stepsister 2 Son/Daughter/Adopted child/Stepchild/Foster child 3 Grandchild/Adopted grandchild/Foster grandchild 4 Other relative 5 Close friend 6 7 Gender: Male 1 Female 2 8 Title (e.g. Hon, Prof, Dr, Mr, Ms/Mrs/Miss) 9-13 First name: 14-31 Surname [USE THE TWO LINES CONSECUTIVELY 32-46 (STARTING LEFT)] 47-61

Card no. 22 3-6 b. Postal address [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS.]

7-27

28-48

49-69

Postal code 70-73

Card no. 23 3-6 c. Residential/Street address (if different from postal address). [USE ONE LINE PER ROW ONLY. USE COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS, E.G. STR, RD, AVE, CRES, ETC. (IF NECESSARY)]

7-26

27-46

47-66

Town/City/District (if rural) 67-80

Card no. 24 3-6 d. Telephone numbers: Dialling code Number

Home 7-24

Work 25-42

Other 43-60

Cellular phone number 61-70

END OF INTERVIEW THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE AND KIND CO-OPERATION!

Card no. 24

[TO BE FILLED IN BY THE INTERVIEWER IMMEDIATELY (OR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE) AFTER HAVING FILLED IN THE “INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE”]

INTERVIEWER’S FEEDBACK REGARDING THIS INTERVIEW 1 How would you rate the respondent’s understanding of the questions?

Good 3 Fair 2 Poor 1 71

2a How would you compare this respondent to most other respondents (mainly in this survey, but also in other surveys, if applicable) with regard to his/her nervousness or anxiousness?

A great deal less than others 1 Somewhat less than others 2 About the same as others 3 Somewhat more than others 4 A great deal more than others 5 72

2b How would you compare this respondent to most other respondents (mainly in this survey, but also in other surveys, if applicable) with regard to his/her dishonesty or lack of openness?

A great deal less than others 1 Somewhat less than others 2 About the same as others 3 Somewhat more than others 4 A great deal more than others 5 73

3 What was the respondent’s attitude towards the interview?

Angry and hostile 1 Impatient and restless 2 Co-operative, but not particularly interested 3 Friendly and interested 4 74

4a Were any other people immediately present during the completion of the “individual questionnaire” who might have been listening during at least a part of the interview?

Only one other person 1 Yes Two or three other persons 2 A small crowd 3 Nobody else present (for the duration of the interview) 4 75

4b If you responded “yes” to (a), who was/were this/these other person/s, and did he/she/they prompt the respondent or disrupt the interview?

Only listened 01 Spouse Prompted the respondent 02 Disrupted the interview 03 Only listened 04 Parent/s Prompted the respondent 05 Disrupted the interview 06 Only listened 07 Child/ren Prompted the respondent 08 Disrupted the interview 09 Only listened 10 Other household member/s Prompted the respondent 11 Disrupted the interview 12 Only listened 13 A small crowd Prompted the respondent 14 Disrupted the interview 15 76-77

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