Drug and Biologic Coverage Policy

Effective Date ...... 1/1/2021 Next Review Date… ...... 1/1/2022 Coverage Policy Number ...... IP0092

Mifepristone (Korlym®)

Table of Contents Related Coverage Resources

Overview ...... 1 Coverage Policy ...... 1 Reauthorization Criteria ...... 2 Authorization Duration ...... 2 Conditions Not Covered...... 2 Background ...... 3 References ...... 4

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The following Coverage Policy applies to health benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Certain Cigna Companies and/or lines of business only provide utilization review services to clients and do not make coverage determinations. References to standard benefit plan language and coverage determinations do not apply to those clients. Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please note, the terms of a customer’s particular benefit plan document [Group Service Agreement, Evidence of Coverage, Certificate of Coverage, Summary Plan Description (SPD) or similar plan document] may differ significantly from the standard benefit plans upon which these Coverage Policies are based. For example, a customer’s benefit plan document may contain a specific exclusion related to a topic addressed in a Coverage Policy. In the event of a conflict, a customer’s benefit plan document always supersedes the information in the Coverage Policies. In the absence of a controlling federal or state coverage mandate, benefits are ultimately determined by the terms of the applicable benefit plan document. Coverage determinations in each specific instance require consideration of 1) the terms of the applicable benefit plan document in effect on the date of service; 2) any applicable laws/regulations; 3) any relevant collateral source materials including Coverage Policies and; 4) the specific facts of the particular situation. Coverage Policies relate exclusively to the administration of health benefit plans. Coverage Policies are not recommendations for treatment and should never be used as treatment guidelines. In certain markets, delegated vendor guidelines may be used to support medical necessity and other coverage determinations. Overview

This policy supports medical necessity review for (Korlym®)

Coverage Policy

Mifepristone (Korlym®) is medically necessary when ALL of the following are met:

1. Individual is 18 years of age or older 2. Mifepristone (Korlym®) is prescribed by or in consultation with an endocrinologist or a physician who specializes in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome 3. Individual has ONE of the following: a. Documented Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome and BOTH of the following: • Mifepristone (Korlym®) is being used to control secondary to hypercortisolism in individuals who have type 2 mellitus or intolerance • According to the prescriber, the individual is not a candidate for surgery or surgery has not been curative

Page 1 of 4 Coverage Policy Number: IP0092 b. Documented Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome with hyperglycemia - Individual Awaiting Surgery • Mifepristone (Korlym®) is being used to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in individuals who have mellitus or glucose intolerance

c. Documented Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome - Individual Awaiting Response After Radiotherapy • Mifepristone (Korlym®) is being used to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance

When coverage is available and medically necessary, the dosage, frequency, duration of therapy, and site of care should be reasonable, clinically appropriate, and supported by evidence-based literature and adjusted based upon severity, alternative available treatments, and previous response to therapy.

Note: Receipt of sample product does not satisfy any criteria requirements for coverage.

Documentation: When documentation is required, the prescriber must provide written documentation supporting the trials of these other agents. Documentation may include, but is not limited to, chart notes, prescription claims records, and/or prescription receipts

Reauthorization Criteria

Mifepristone (Korlym®) is considered medically necessary for continued use when initial criteria are met AND there is documentation of beneficial response (such as an improvement in fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, or hemoglobin A1c results).

Authorization Duration

Initial and reauthorization is as follows unless otherwise stated: • Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome: Approve for 1 year • Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome – Individuals Awaiting Surgery: Approve for 6 months • Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome – Individuals Awaiting Therapeutic Response After Radiotherapy: Approve for 6 months

Conditions Not Covered

Mifepristone (Korlym®) is considered experimental, investigational or unproven for ANY other use including the following (this list may not be all inclusive):

1. Exogenous (Iatrogenic) Cushing’s Syndrome. Korlym is not indicated in exogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excessive administration.12 Therefore, the process to reverse the excessive exposure is to taper or discontinue the offending drug when possible.

2. Type 2 Diabetes Not Associated with Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome. Korlym should not be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes unrelated to endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.1

3. Psychotic Features of Psychotic Depression. Mifepristone has been used to treat the psychotic features of psychotic depression. Individual trials have demonstrated variable efficacy results.3,10-11,15,18 In some of the studies comparing mifepristone with placebo, various statistically significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms have been noted with mifepristone relative to placebo; however, the methodology and statistical analyses of some studies have been questioned.14 Data are inconclusive.

Page 2 of 4 Coverage Policy Number: IP0092 Background

FDA Approved Indication Korlym (mifepristone) is a cortisol blocker indicated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery.

Limitations of use: Korlym should not be used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes unless it is secondary to Cushing’s syndrome.

FDA Recommended Dosing The recommended starting dose is 300 mg orally once daily. Korlym must be given as a single daily dose. Korlym should always be taken with a meal. Patients should swallow the whole. Do not split, crush, or chew tablets.

The daily dose of Korlym may be increased in 300 mg increments. The dose of Korlym may be increased to a maximum of 1200 mg once daily but should not exceed 20 mg/kg per day. Increases in dose should not occur more frequently than once every 2-4 weeks. Decisions about dose increases should be based on a clinical assessment of and degree of improvement in Cushing’s syndrome manifestations.

Drug Availability Korlym (mifepristone) is available as 300 mg tablet.

OVERVIEW Korlym is a cortisol receptor blocker indicated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery.1 Korlym should not be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus unrelated to endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Mifepristone, the active ingredient in Korlym is also available as Mifeprex® (mifepristone 200 mg tablets) indicated for the medical termination of intrauterine through 70 days’ pregnancy.2 Mifeprex is not included in this policy.

Mifepristone, the active ingredient in Korlym is a selective antagonist of the receptor (PR) at low doses and blocks the glucocorticoid type 2 receptor (GR-II) at higher doses.1 Mifepristone has high affinity for the GR-II receptor but little affinity for the GR-I () receptor (MR). In addition, mifepristone appears to have little or no affinity for , muscarinic, histaminic, or monoamine receptors. Mifepristone acts at the receptor level to block the effects of cortisol, and its antagonistic actions affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in such a way as to further increase circulating cortisol levels while at the same time blocking their effects. Mifepristone and its three active metabolites have greater affinity for the (100%, 61%, 48%, and 45%, respectively) than either (23%) or cortisol (9%).

Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is a rare heterogeneous disorder with diverse causes that leads to cortisol excess (hypercortisolism).3 Patients with Cushing’s syndrome exhibit a variety of such as high blood pressure, diabetes, loss of libido, menstrual disorders, weight gain, , , easy bruising, purplish skin striae, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, depression and cognitive impairment as a result of prolonged and inappropriately high exposure of tissue to .3-4

The treatment of Cushing’s syndrome requires a multi-modal approach. The goals of treatment are normalization of cortisol excess, long-term disease control, avoidance of recurrence and reversal of clinical features.5 Drug therapy plays an adjunctive role in patients with Cushing’s syndrome and may help to improve the medical status of patients in preparation for surgery, and to control severe hypercortisolism in patients who are acutely ill, or in patients awaiting the effects of radiotherapy.6-9

Medications inhibiting adrenocortical steroidgenesis ( tablets, Metopirone® [ capsules], Lysodren® [ tablets] and etomidate injection) have been widely used in patients with Cushing’s

Page 3 of 4 Coverage Policy Number: IP0092 syndrome of varying causes.6 Ketoconazole tablets have a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.16 Ketoconazole and metyrapone (not commercially available in the US, may be obtained from the manufacturer on a compassionate use basis) are dose-dependent and reversible inhibitors of adrenal cortisol synthesis.6,8 Mitotane inhibits the synthesis of cortisol; however, at doses greater than 4 grams daily it causes cellular necrosis due to its irreversible effects on mitochondrial function, and therefore is primarily used in adrenal cancer.8 Signifor is a somatostatin analog indicated for the treatment of adults with Cushing’s disease for whom pituitary surgery is not an option or has not been curative and works by decreasing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) .13 The use of these drugs is limited by variable efficacy and adverse events (AEs). The impairment of glucose metabolism generally resolves with normalization of cortisol levels because hypercortisolism is the causative factor for hyperglycemia.17

References

1. Korlym® tablets [prescribing information]. Menlo Park, CA: Corcept Pharmaceuticals; March 2020. 2. Mifeprex® tablets [prescribing information]. New York, NY: Danco Laboratories, LLC; April 2019. 3. Belanoff JK, Rothschild AJ, Cassidy F, et al. An open-label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:386-392. 4. Fleseriu M, Biller BMK, Findling JW, et al. Mifepristone, a glucocorticoids , produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Endocrin Metab. 2012: 97(6):2039-2049. 5. Biller BMK, Grossman AB, Stewart PM, et al. Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing’s syndrome: A consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:2454-2462. 6. Tritos NA, Biller BM. Advances in medical therapies for Cushing's syndrome. Discov Med. 2012;13(69):171- 179. 7. Rizk A, Honegger J, Milian M and Psaras T. Treatment options in Cushing’s disease. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2012(6):75-84. 8. Mazziotti G, Gazzaruso C and Giustina A. Diabetes in Cushing syndrome: basic and clinical aspects. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011;22(12):499-506. 9. Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW. Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(8):2807-2831. 10. DeBattista C, Belanoff J, Glass S, et al. Mifepristone versus placebo in the treatment of psychosis in patients with psychotic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60:1343-1349. 11. Flores BH, Kenna H, Keller J, et al. Clinical and biological effects of mifepristone treatment for psychotic depression. Neuropychopharmacology. 2006;31:628-636. 12. Guaraldi F and Salvatori R. Cushing syndrome: maybe not so uncommon of an endocrine disease. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012;25:199-208. 13. Signifor® injection [prescribing information]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; January 2020. 14. Carroll BJ and Rubin RT. Is mifepristone useful in psychotic depression? Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:2793-2794. 15. Blasey CM, Block TS, Belanoff JK and Roe RL. Efficacy and safety of mifepristone for the treatment of psychotic depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31:436-440. 16. Food and Drug Administration. Search Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals Search term: Cushing’s. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/index.cfm. Accessed on April 3, 2020. 17. Mazziotti G, Gazzaruso C and Giustina A. Diabetes in Cushing syndrome: basic and clinical aspects. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011;22(12):499-506. 18. Block T, Petrides G, Kushner H, et al. Mifepristone plasma level and glucocorticoid receptor antagonism associated with response in patients with psychotic depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(5):505- 511.

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Page 4 of 4 Coverage Policy Number: IP0092