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Graham Noctor Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Institut De La Biotechnologie Des Plantes, Orsay, France Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration VOLUME 12 Series Editor: GOVINDJEE University of Illinois, Urabna, Illinois, U.S.A. Consulting Editors: Christine FOYER, Harpenden, U.K. Elisabeth GANTT, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A. John H. GOLBECK, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Susan S. GOLDEN, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. Wolfgang JUNGE, Osnabrück, Germany Hartmut MICHEL, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Kirmiyuki SATOH, Okayama, Japan James Siedow, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. The scope of our series, beginning with volume 11, reflects the concept that photosynthesis and respiration are intertwined with respect to both the protein complexes involved and to the entire bioenergetic machinery of all life. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration is a book series that provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art account of research in photo- synthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis is the process by which higher plants, algae, and certain species of bacteria transform and store solar energy in the form of energy-rich organic molecules. These compounds are in turn used as the energy source for all growth and reproduction in these and almost all other organisms. As such, virtually all life on the planet ultimately depends on photosynthetic energy conversion. Respiration, which occurs in mitochondrial and bacterial membranes, utilizes energy present in organic molecules to fuel a wide range of metabolic reactions critical for cell growth and development. In addition, many photosynthetic organisms engage in energetically wasteful photorespiration that begins in the chloroplast with an oxygenation reaction catalyzed by the same enzyme responsible for capturing carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. This series of books spans topics from physics to agronomy and medicine, from femtosecond processes to season long production, from the photophysics of reaction centers, through the electrochemistry of intermediate electron transfer, to the physiology of whole orgamisms, and from X-ray christallography of proteins to the morphology or organelles and intact organisms. The goal of the series is to offer beginning researchers, advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and even research specialists, a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the remarkable advances across the full scope of research on photosynthesis, respiration and related processes. Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism Edited by Christine H. Foyer Crop Performance and Improvement Division, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, U.K. and Graham Noctor Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Institut de la Biotechnologie des Plantes, Orsay, France KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-48138-3 Print ISBN: 0-7923-6336-1 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Editorial Advance in Photosynsthesis and Respiration It gives me great pleasure to announce the publication (8) The Photochemistry of Carotenoids (H.A. of Volume 12, Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation Frank, A.J. Young, G. Britton and R.J. Cogdell, and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism, editors, 1999); edited by Christine H. Foyer and Graham Noctor in (9) Photosynthesis: Physiology and Metabolism our Series. This volume is the second one to appear (R.C. Leegood, T.D. Sharkey and S. von under the new title of Advances in Photosynthesis Caemmerer, editors, 2000); and Respiration. Further, a new beginning has already (10) Photosynthesis: Photobiochemistry and Photo- been made with the appointment of new members of biophysics (B. Ke, author, 2001); the Board of Consulting Editors. They are: Christine (11) Regulation of Photosynthesis (E-M. Aro and Foyer, UK; Elisabeth Gantt, USA; John H. Golbeck, B. Andersson, editors, 2001). USA; Susan Golden, USA; Wolfgang Junge, Germany; Hartmut Michel, Germany; and Kimiyuki Satoh, Japan. James Siedow, USA, has joined our See http://www.wkap.n1/prod/s/AIPH for further Board to provide leadership and strength in the area information and to order these books. Please note of ‘respiration’ in this Series. Several volumes on that the members of the International Society of respiration (both plant and bacterial) are already in Photosynthesis Research (ISPR) (http://www.photo- production or being contracted. synthesisresearch.org/) receive special discounts. Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Asso- Published Volumes ciated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism, edited by Christine H. Foyer and Graham Noctor, Volume The present volume is a sequel to the following 12 in our series, is a great book that bridges the basics eleven volumes in the “Advances in Photosynthesis of photosynthesis and respiration with ecology and and Respiration” (AIPH) series. agriculture. Plant growth and biomass production require the assimilation of nitrogen into organic (1) Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria (D.A. compounds using energy and carbon skeletons Bryant, editor, 1994); produced by photosynthesis and respiration. Placing (2) Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria (R.E. nitrogen assimilation firmly at the heart of Blankenship, M.T. Madigan and C.E. Bauer, photosynthesis, this volume provides an original and editors, 1995); innovative appraisal of the metabolic co-operation (3) Biophysical Techniques in Photosynthesis (J. that is required. Unique perspectives are presented in Amesz and A.J. Hoff, editors, 1996); sixteen key areas of current research, each discussing (4) Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions the latest data and critically examining the most (D.R. Ort and C.F. Yocum, editors, 1996); important developing concepts. Key themes are the (5) Photosynthesis and the Environment (N.R. underlying cooperation between organelles (chloro- Baker, editor, 1996); plasts and mitochondria) and pathways (photo- (6) Lipids in Photosynthesis: Structure, Function synthesis and respiration), as well as the extensive and Genetics (P.-A. Siegenthaler and N. metabolic crosstalk that dictates appropriate gene Murata, editors, 1998); expression. This book is essential reading for those (7) The Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts and seeking to understand the details of carbon-nitrogen Mitochondria in Chlamydomonas (J.-D. interactions and the importance of these relationships Rochaix, M. Goldschmidt-Clermont and S. in determining photosynthetic biomass production. Merchant, editors, 1998); v Future Books tection; Photosystem I; Protonation and ATP Synthesis; Global Aspects of Photosynthesis; The readers of the current series are encouraged to Functional Genomics; History of Photosynthesis; watch for the publication of the forthcoming books: The Cytochromes; The Chloroplast; Laboratory Methods for Studying Leaves and Whole Plants. In (1) Light-harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis view of the interdisciplinary character of research in (Editors: B.R. Green and W.W. Parson); photosynthesis and respiration, it is my earnest hope (2) Photosynthesis in Algae (Editors: A.W.D. that this series of books will be used in educating Larkum, S. Douglas, and J.A. Raven); students and researchers not only in Plant Sciences, (3) Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria, 2 volumes Molecular and Cell Biology, Integrated Biology, (Editor: D. Zannoni); Biotechnology, Agricultural Sciences, Microbiology, (4) Biochemistry and Biophysics of Chlorophylls Biochemistry, and Biophysics, but also in Bio- (Editors: B. Grimm, R. Porra, W. Rüdiger, and engineering, Chemistry, and Physics. H. Scheer). (5) Chlorophyll Fluorescence (Editors: G. Papa- I take this opportunity to thank Christine Foyer georgiou and Govindjee); and Graham Noctor; all the authors of volume 12; (6) Photosystem II: The Water/Plastoquinone Larry Orr; Jacco Flipsen, Lanette Setkoski; and my Oxido-reductase in Photosynthesis (Editors: wife Rajni Govindjee for their valuable help and T. Wydrzynski and K. Satoh); support that made the publication of Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and In addition to these contracted books, invitations Respiratory Metabolism possible. are out for several books. Topics planned are: Plant Readers are requested to send their suggestions Respiration; Protein Complexes of Photosynthesis for future volumes, authors or editors to me by E- and Respiration; Photoinhibition and Photopro- mail ([email protected]) or fax (1-217-244-7246). Govindjee Series Editor Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Departments of Biochemistry and Plant Biology And Center of Biophysics and Computational Biology 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue Urbana, IL 61801-3707, USA URL: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee vi Govindjee Photomorphogenesis (Narosa Publishers, New Delhi/ Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999), (2) The Series Editor of Advances in Photosynthesis and Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis (Kluwer Respiration, Govindjee, uses one name only. He has Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1988), and (3) Light been Professor Emeritus of Biophysics, Biochemistry Emission by Plants and Bacteria
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