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Refractory Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Venetoclax and Bortezomib in Relapsed/Refractory Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia La Starza, Roberta ; Cambò, Benedetta ; Pierini, Antonio ; Bornhauser, Beat ; Montanaro, Anna ; Bourquin, Jean-Pierre ; Mecucci, Cristina ; Roti, Giovanni DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/PO.19.00172 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-198023 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: La Starza, Roberta; Cambò, Benedetta; Pierini, Antonio; Bornhauser, Beat; Montanaro, Anna; Bourquin, Jean-Pierre; Mecucci, Cristina; Roti, Giovanni (2019). Venetoclax and Bortezomib in Relapsed/Refrac- tory Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JCO precision oncology, 3:PO.19.00172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/PO.19.00172 case report Venetoclax and Bortezomib in Relapsed/ Refractory Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Roberta La Starza, MD, PhD1; Benedetta Cambo,` MD2; Antonio Pierini, MD, PhD1; Beat Bornhauser, PhD3; Anna Montanaro2; Jean-Pierre Bourquin, MD, PhD3; Cristina Mecucci, MD, PhD1; and Giovanni Roti, MD, PhD2 INTRODUCTION CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD1a and positive for human Although in the past three decades we welcomed the leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR), CD38, CD117, CD33, advent of targeted therapies in several cancers, CD34, CD56, CD99, cyCD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD19, nelarabine, a purine nucleoside antimetabolite, re- and CD13. mains the most recently approved drug to treat re- Because of a T-ALL immature phenotype9,10 and lapsed/refractory (R/R) T-cell acute lymphoblastic a myeloid interface, and despite CD5 expression, this leukemia (T-ALL).1,2 Patients with R/R T-ALL experi- patient was diagnosed with near-ETP ALL.11 Molecular ence a dramatic outcome, a situation that is more cytogenetic studies showed the presence of DDX3X- discouraging for the high-risk early T-cell precursor MLLT10 fusion gene derived from a three-way t(X;3; (ETP) ALL subtype.3 Historically, ETP ALL is associ- 10)(p11;?;p13) translocation. Sanger sequencing ated with a worse prognosis in children and young detected NOTCH1 and NRAS gain-of-function muta- adults compared with other T-ALL subtypes because tions (Fig 1A). The patient was treated with induction of early resistance to chemotherapy.4-6 Although recent chemotherapy per the HyperCVAD protocol12,13 with- data suggest that allogeneic stem-cell transplantation out response and reinduced per the GIMEMA LAL0904 in the first complete remission7 may overcome the poor regimen (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00458848). prognosis associated with ETP ALL, novel biologic- A repeated CT scan and marrow examination 2 weeks based therapies are needed to improve the outcome after salvage chemotherapy showed persistent bulky in these patients. A strategy to overcome the current disease and BM infiltration (47% of leukemic blasts). therapeutic limitations in rare leukemias may involve the development of functional precision medicine Patient 2 approaches on the basis of information by drug re- A female patient (UPR2) presented at the hematology sponse profiling (DRP) of leukemia cells.8 and BMT unit of the University of Parma at the age of 78 years with relapsed ETP ALL diagnosed 1 year CASE REPORT before (Fig 1A). A WBC count showed leucopenia Here we report our experience with a salvage treat- (1,380/cmm) with severe neutropenia, anemia (Hb ment regimen that we designed on the basis of re- 10 g/dL), and normal platelets (257,000/cmm). Molec- current DRP patterns. We used a selection of 85 drugs ular cytogenetic studies revealed an abnormal karyotype in three patients with R/R ETP/near-ETP ALL after characterized by an isolated numerical abnormality (ie, several lines of chemotherapy (Fig 1A). 47,XX,+4[6]/46XX[4]), a rearrangement of BCL11B, Author affiliations and an internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (Fig 1A). and support Patient 1 information (if Because of advanced age and comorbidities, the applicable) appear at A female patient (UPR1) presented at the hematology patient was treated with prednisone 0.5 mg/kg and the end of this and bone marrow transplantation unit of the University vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 15, and 22), without article. of Parma at the age of 26 years with severe bone pain, achieving hematologic remission. A cycle of nelar- Accepted on August fatigue, and dry cough unresponsive to over-the- abine therapy at the reduced schedule of 750 mg/m2 16, 2019 and published at counter analgesics. A WBC count revealed leukocy- on days 1, 3, and 5 was administered, which led to a ascopubs.org/journal/ tosis (51,430/cmm), anemia (Hb 9.9 g/dL), and hematologic improvement for 1 year, when she pre- po on September 20, thrombocytopenia (platelets 95,000/cmm). A chest sented at our hospital with neutropenia (neutrophils 2019: DOI https://doi. computed tomography scan coupled with an 18F-labeled 840/cmm) and anemia (Hb 10 g/dL), with a re- org/10.1200/PO.19. fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scan expansion of the leukemic clone. 00172 identified a metabolically active lymphadenomegaly Licensed under the fi Patient 3 Creative Commons in the mediastinum. Flow cytometric analysis identi ed Attribution 4.0 a bone marrow (BM) blast population (Fig 1A) that was A male patient (UPG3) presented at the hematol- License negative for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, ogy unit of the University Hospital of Perugia with 1 La Starza et al A Sex/Age Extramedullary Gene Patients Immunophenotype Cytogenetics Group Therapy (years) Disease Mutations 46,X,t(X;3;10)(p?;p NOTCH1c.5101 1?;p13),add(19p)[2 HLA-DR+; CD1a–; CD2–; CD4–; CD8–; cyCD3+; HyperCVAD; Spleen, liver, G>C, p.A1701P ]/46,XX[19] UPR1 F/26 CD5+; CD7+; CD13+; CD10+; CD19+; CD33+; HOXA GIMEMA bulky mediastinum NRAS c.37G>T, DDX3X-MLLT10 CD34+; CD38+, CD56+; CD99+; CD117+; TdT– LAL0904 p.G13C GAIN: 17q21.31- 25.3 47,XX+4[6]/46,XX [4] HLA-DR+; CD2–; cyCD3+; CD5–; CD7+; CD13+; BCL11B- Vincristine; UPR2 F/85 No FLT3-ITD Unclassified CD34+; CD38+, CD117+ translocation nelarabine GAIN: 4p16.3- q35.2 HLA-DR+/ –; CD1a–; CD2–; CD3–; CD4–; CD8–; 46,XY[20] HyperCVAD; cyCD3+; CD5+/ –; CD7+; CD13+/ –; CD10–; CD19–; Spleen, liver, lymph UPG3 M/61 Wild type ETV6/CDKN1Bdel Unclassified NILG ALL 10/07; CD33–; CD34+/ –; CD38+, CD56–; CD99+; CD117–; nodes LOH: 2p25.2-21 alemtuzumab TdT+/ – B C D BF DRP 40 Venetoclax 85 Bortezomib Compounds + R/R ETP-ALL 30 CD34 Hits HLA-DR CMAC 20 / HLA-DR UPR1 UPR2 UPG3 PI + Venetoclax Fedratinib Selinexor 10 Dead Cells (%) Dinaciclib Selinexor Dinaciclib CD34 Navitoclax Sunitinib KX2-391 MERGE 0 Carfilzomib Dinaciclib NVP-AEW541 M M M Idarubicin Venetoclax Venetoclax 6 nM 32 60 nM 3.2 Dovitinib Carfilzomib Carfilzomib 0.6 nM Bortezomib Bortezomib Idarubicin 0.32 Doxorubicin Crenolanib Panabinostat Vehicle H2O2 Venetoclax Bortezomib Givinostat Dexamethasone Bortezomib Panabinostat Panabinostat BI-2536 E F 8 UPG3 AT9283 NVP-AEW541 Topotecan Idarubicin Givinostat 150 150 7 UPR1 UPR2 UPR2 Nutlin Doxorubicin 6 UPR2 UPG3 Givinostat 5 100 UPG3 100 Obatoclax BCL2 4 * Mitoxantrone CT 3 Dovitinib 50 50 2 BI-2536 UPR1 1 Topotecan Cells Alive (%) Cells Alive (%) Doxorubicin 0 0 0 ETP-ALL T-ALL YM155 -6 -4 -2 0 2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 AT9283 Venetoclax Log (M) Bortezomib Log (M) G H I 250,000 250,000 UPR1 UPR1 UPR2 UPG3 200,000 200,000 Days +320 +56 +239 150,000 150,000 12.7 RBC 4010 3170 4720 ×10^6 / uL 100,000 62.1 100,000 Hb 13.5 9.8 9.7 g/dL 50,000 50,000 UPR1 MCV 99 91 103 fL 0 0 WBC 5030 3750 4720 ×10^3 / uL 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 0-10 10 10 10 0-10 10 10 10 N 3280 2720 3870 ×10^3 / uL L 1280 540 425 ×10^3 / uL 250,000 250,000 UPR2 PLT 170 210 110 ×10^3 / uL 200,000 200,000 150,000 150,000 UPR2 100,000 100,000 90.6 1.6 J 50,000 50,000 30 DDX3X-MLLT10 VEBO UPR1 0 0 del UPG3 ETV6/CDKN1B 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 0-10 10 10 10 0-10 10 10 10 20 1,000,000 1,000,000 HSCT UPG3 800,000 800,000 UPG3 10 600,000 600,000 BM Cells (%) Pre VEBO Post VEBO FISH-positive 400,000 400,000 50.2 8.2 200,000 200,000 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 60 210 330 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time (weeks) Time (days) SSC-A Pre VEBO Post VEBO CD45 2 © 2019 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Venetoclax and Bortezomib in Relapsed/Refractory ETP ALL leucopenia (WBC 2,200/cmm), anemia (Hb 11 g/dL), and medicine approaches to repurpose available therapeutic a moderate thrombocytopenia (platelets 115,000/cmm). agents. Scoring the response in relation to data for T-ALL on Morphologic and flow cytometric analysis of BM cells a DRP platform,8 the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor (Fig 1A) showed a diffuse infiltration of lymphoid blasts BH-3 mimetic venetoclax (ABT-199) and the proteasome negative for CD3, CD2, CD1a, CD8, CD4, CD33, CD117, inhibitor bortezomib ranked in all three cases among the CD56, and CD10 and positive for CD7, CD38, CD99, cCD3, most active drugs (Fig 1B). Next, we validated the activity of deoxynucleotidyl transferase, CD34, CD13, CD5 (45%), venetoclax and bortezomib using an open microwell and HLA-DR, consistent with a diagnosis of ETP ALL.10 microfluidic platform developed by CellPly15 (Bologna, Italy; Cytogenetics showed a normal diploid karyotype.
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