Massey University and Plant & Food Research

2019

Karakia

Ko te Mauri ohooho, whaka ū i te mana, i te wehi, i ahu mai i ngā Kāhui o ngā Ariki! Tukua tēnei mata ohooho ki runga ki ēnei Tauira, ki ēnei Taura, ki ēnei Tama, ngā rerenga o Tū! He whatinga Toka Tapu, he Whāriki raranga a Io, Io Matuanui, te matawhaiapu, te mata āwhio, i ahu mai i te mana āwhiowhio, te arawhata ki te Toi o ngā Rangi, ki te koopu ora o Taane! Tākina mai te Mauri i te hūhā o Hine-te-reremanu, kia puta ki te Wheiao ki te Ao Mārama! Ūhi! Wēro! Tau mai te Mauri! Haumi ee! Hui ee! Tāiki ee!!

(Na Waka Vercoe from Ngāti Awa: This karakia whakamaunu waka refers to the joining of the spirits of the people with the spirit of the waka and that of the kaupapa)

He mihi

Tuia ko te Rangi e tu nei Tuia ko te Papa e takoto nei Tuia ko te here tangata Ka rongo te pō Ka rongo te ao Tihei mauri ora

Tuatahi ka huri ra ngā mihi ki a Io te pūkenga, Io te wānanga, Io Matua Kore. Tuarua ki ngā tini aitua o tēnā iwi, o tēnā iwi puta noa i te motu. Haere koutou ki te huinga o te kahurangi. Tuatoru ki ngā whatu mōrehu o rātou mā, ki ngā mana, ki ngā ihi, ki ngā wehi, nei ra te mihi maioha ki a koutou i ngakau nui ki tenei kaupapa. He mihi hoki ki te Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa me te Rangahau Ahumara Kai. Na ratou i whakaae kia tu tenei wananga whakahikohiko hinengaro.

No reira, tēnā koutou, tēnā koutou, tēnā koutou katoa.

SING AOTEAROA 2019

Welcome to the fourth SING Aotearoa internship programme. The Summer Internship for Indigenous Genomics is a key capacity building initiative funded by Genomics Aotearoa.

In recent years there has been significant advances in the fields of genetics and genomics and an increasing focus on Māori populations and indigenous species. All research conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand should involve consultation with Iwi Māori so it is important that we understand enough about the technical, ethical and cultural issues to engage researchers in robust discussions during that process.

The SING Aotearoa programme is designed to develop your understanding of genomics alongside some of the best researchers in New Zealand. We are grateful that researchers like Dr Phil Ross, Dr Patrick Biggs, Prof Barry Scott, Dr Liggy Liggins and Dr Matt Anderson have made space to spend time with us and share their knowledge and experience. Make use of this time by asking lots of questions.

The SING Aotearoa workshop is a week-long internship modelled on an existing SING- USA programme (http://conferences.igb.illinois.edu/sing/home). We are fortunate to have a faculty mentor from the USA programme coming to join us in Aotearoa. Dr Matt Anderson will add an international dimension to the programme and bring his experience working with American Indian and Alaska Native interns.

Massey University and Plant & Food Research are our hosts for 2019. Massey University is based in Palmerston North, New Zealand, with significant campuses in Albany and Wellington. Massey University is the only university in New Zealand offering degrees in aviation, dispute resolution, veterinary medicine, and nanoscience. Plant & Food Research is a New Zealand-based science company providing research and development that adds value to fruit, vegetable, crop and food products. We are also grateful for the time and resources that are being committed by a range of people and organisations including the Riddet Institute to support this initiative.

While genetics has been a lightning rod for debate in past years we hope that this workshop provides a space to share ideas and thoughts in an informative way.

Mā te mōhio ka mārama, Mā te mārama ka mātau, Mā te mātau ka ora. Through awareness comes understanding, through understanding comes knowledge, through knowledge comes wellbeing. Kia ora koutou katoa.

SING Aotearoa Conveners Maui Hudson Phillip Wilcox Katharina Ruckstuhl

Venues Huia Marae Address: State Highway 1, 9km east of Waitarere Beach

Massey University Address: Riddet Rd, Palmerston North Phone: +64 6 356 9099

Plant & Food Research Address: Fitzherbert Science Centre Batchelar Road Palmerston North Phone: +64 6 953 7700

Accommodation Participants and mentors requiring accommodation will be staying at

Manawatū Halls The Residential Services Office Cnr Rehab Road and University Avenue Massey University Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand +64 6 951 6300 +64 0800 22 88 00

Programme

Monday, January 21 (Manawatū Halls)

5:00 – 5:45 pm Check into rooms

6:00 – 8:00 pm Welcome/reception dinner at accommodation

Reception dinner Maui Hudson & - Welcome Phil Wilcox & Katharina - Whanaungatanga Ruckstuhl & Nick - Faculty introductions Roskruge - Alumni introductions - Pre-workshop assessment

Tuesday, January 22 (Huia Marae)

7:30 – 8:30 am Breakfast (accommodation)

9:30 – 10:00 am Pōwhiri

10:00 – 10:30 Mana whenua kōrero am

Break – 15 min

11:00 – 12:30 Introduction to Genetics Phil Wilcox & Simon Hill pm

Lunch

1:30 – 2:30 pm CELSI: Cultural Foundation Maui Hudson & Moe Intro to Tikanga in the Lab Milne

2.30 – 3.00 pm Te wero mō te wiki Katharina Ruckstuhl

Break – 15 min

3:30 – 5:00 pm Introduction to Breeding Technologies Phil Wilcox and Gene Editing

5:00 – 5:15 pm Participant evaluations of the day

6:00 – 7:00 pm Dinner at Marae Guest speaker – Phil Ross

Wednesday, January 23 (Massey University)

7:30 – 8:30 am Breakfast (accommodation)

9:00 – 12:00 pm Plant Genetics Laboratory Phil Wilcox & David Chagne

12:00 – 1:30 pm Lunch talk – Identifying microbes Dr Matt Anderson - associated with rheumatoid arthritis International SING within the Lakota faculty

1:30 – 3:00 pm Bioinformatics lab Patrick Biggs and Anne McDonald

Break – 30 min

3:30 – 5:00 pm Approaches to Commercialisation Jason Mika

5:00 – 5:15 pm Participant evaluations of the day

6:30 – 8:30 pm Dinner at Accommodation followed by Debrief

Thursday, January 24 (Plant & Food Research & Riddet Institute)

7:30 – 8:30 am Breakfast

9:00 – 12.00pm Plant Gene Editing workshop David Chagne & Revell Drummond PFR Seminar Room

12:00 – 1:30 pm Lunch

1:30 – 2:30 pm Food Innovation – Partnering with Melanie Ruffell & Jane Science Mullaney

2.30 – 3.30pm Genetic Research on Taonga Species Maui Hudson Phil Wilcox

Break – 30 min

4:00 – 5:30 pm Future thinking - Breeding Nick Albert / David technologies in Aotearoa Chagne

5:30 – 5:45 pm Participant evaluations of the day

7:00 pm - late Dinner at Brew Union with Interns and Faculty

Friday, January 25 (Massey University)

7:30 – 8:30 am Breakfast

9:00 – 10:30 am Case Studies:

Barry Scott: Blaise Forrestor-Gauntlet: Mouse stem cells and genome editing Libby Liggins:

11.00 – 12.30pm Tikanga and the Lab Jordan Housiaux

Lunch

1:30 pm Final workshop evaluation and Maui Hudson & poroporoāki Phil Wilcox

3:00 Participants return to airport

INTERNS for SING Aotearoa 2019

❖ Miss Meri Haami ❖ Dr. Terri Te Tau ❖ Mr. Craig Marwick ❖ Mr. Howard Maxwell ❖ Mrs. Donna Kerridge ❖ Mr. Bronson Rikiriki ❖ Miss Anastasia Rickard ❖ Mr. John Tiatoa ❖ Rev. Rio Greening ❖ Miss Essie Van Zuylen ❖ Ms. Danielle Sword ❖ Mr. Jack Dakin ❖ Miss Te Aomihia Walker ❖ Ms. Jessica Kereama ❖ Miss Oriwia Spooner ❖ Miss Summer Wynyard ❖ Mr. Cran Gage ❖ Mr. Rodrigo Estrada de la Cerda ❖ Mr Justin Tamihana ❖ Mr Manaaki Davis

SING Alumni

❖ Jordan Housiaux

Genomics Aotearoa ❖ Ben Te Aika

SPEAKERS & MENTORS

Dr Matt Anderson

Matt is an assistant professor at The Ohio State University with a joint appointment in the Microbiology Department in the College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity in the College of Medicine. He completed his PhD in the Genetics Department at Stanford University followed by postdoctoral positions in Judith Berman’s lab at the University of Minnesota and Richard Bennett’s lab at Brown University. His research interests center on the evolution of eukaryotic microbes that are relevant to human health. A large contingent within his lab investigates how genetic variability contributes to phenotypic diversity in the most clinically relevant fungal pathogen to humans, Candida albicans. Another major focus of his lab is to describe and understand how the eukaryome, the eukaryotic microbes living on or within their host, contribute to health.

Associate Professor Patrick Biggs Dr Biggs completed an undergraduate degree in Applied Biochemistry at Brunel University in 1992, and then a PhD in familial cancer genetics through the University of London in 1996, both in the UK. He worked in the UK and the USA before taking a position at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute where he developed his interest in bioinformatics. In 2007 he moved to New Zealand to work at Massey University, and has been involved in next generation sequencing data generation and analysis over the past 10 years, as part of the Allan Wilson Centre, the Massey Genome Service and New Zealand Genomics Ltd. In 2016 he started his current academic role – Associate Professor in Computational Biology and Genomics – split equally between two Massey University Institutes. His current research interests are in comparative bacterial pathogenomics, particularly species within the Campylobacter, Salmonella and Escherichia genera, and in very high-resolution amplicon-based community typing within species.

Dr David Chagne

A Senior Scientist with Plant and Food Research since 2004, Dr Chagné’s research focuses on the application of genetic mapping and genomics to elucidate the genetic control of important plant characters, with a strong underpinning interest in the study of DNA variations in plant genomes. David has catalogued single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apple and pear genomes and identified markers linked to significant traits, including fruit antioxidant content, red flesh and peel, crispness and aroma and further designed a SNP assay that has been used to accurately predict fruit quality of young apple seedlings using genome-wide selection, years before they first set fruit. He is also an honorary senior research fellow at the University of Otago.

Revel Drummond

Dr Drummond is a molecular biologist working in the field of plant developmental biology, with most of his time spent actively designing experiments and carrying them out in the laboratory and glasshouse. His research at Plant and Food Research, since joining in 2007, is focused on the discovery and functional characterisation of genes involved in strigolactone (SL) hormone biology. More recently he has developed particular technical expertise in LED lighting systems for optimised plant growth and in CRISPR/Cas9

gene editing.

Blaise Forrestor-Gauntlet Blaise completed a Bachelor of Science (2011) and a Master of Science with Honours (2013) at the University of Waikato. She worked as a Māori Intern at AgResearch Ltd from November 2013 until starting her PhD in July of 2014 which resulted in a publication (Signal Inhibition Reveals JAK/STAT3 Pathway as Critical for Bovine Inner Cell Mass Development, Meng et al., 2015). Blaise is currently doing her PhD through the University of Waikato and AgResearch under the supervision of Dr Linda Peters and Associate Professor Bjorn Oback, investigating the cellular mechanisms through which mutations in the Grainyhead-like2 gene cause progressive hearing loss type DFNA28. She lives in Cambridge with her partner and two young children.

Dr Simon Hills Ngāti Porou Dr Simon Hills (Ngāti Porou) is currently a Research Officer and Research Development Advisor, Māori, at Massey University in Manawatū. Dr Hills is Vice President of the Malacological Society of Australasia, and is a councillor for Genomics for Aotearoa New Zealand. In his research capacity, Simon is interested in the composition, distribution and evolutionary history of the unique ecosystems of Aotearoa. With a primary focus on marine molluscs, Simon uses genetic and genomic data, alongside ecological and paleontological evidence, to uncover the evolutionary history (whakapapa) of native species. In addition to this work, Simon collaborates on iwi/hapu led research on environmental monitoring, conservation genomics, ecological restoration and Māori landscape and ecological classification.

Jordan Housiaux Jordan is a Veterinary Science PhD Candidate at Massey University. Her mahi looks at the interface between mātauranga māori and western science, and their application during whale stranding events. She is interested in attitudes towards genetic research, such as tissue sampling of taonga species, and the process of analysis.

Associate Professor Maui Hudson Whakatōhea, Ngāruahine, Ngā Puhi

Maui is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies at the University of Waikato. He is an interdisciplinary researcher with extensive experience across a diverse range of research areas including traditional medicine, indigenous research ethics, interface between indigenous knowledge and science, and Māori data sovereignty. Maui has been a member of a number of national and institutional ethics committees and co-authored Te Ara Tika: Guidelines on Māori Research Ethics – A framework for researchers and ethics committee members, Te Mata Ira Guidelines for Genomic Research with Māori, and He Tangata Kei Tua Guidelines for Biobanking with Māori. He is a co-convener of the SING-Aotearoa programme.

Dr Libby Liggins Libby is a Senior Lecturer in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Auckland. Her research uses molecular genetic and genomic tools to address fundamental questions in population ecology, biogeography, and community ecology in marine systems, with a particular emphasis on understanding the impact of a changing climate. Libby participates in several international research consortia and working groups intended to advance theoretical and applied molecular ecology via interdisciplinary collaboration (for example, the Diversity of the Indo-Pacific Network, http://diversityindopacific.net/). In New Zealand, she leads the ‘Ira Moana – Genes of the Sea’ project facilitating the development of a metadatabase for the genetic data of New Zealand organisms.

Anne McCartney Ann Mc Cartney is a Genomics Aotearoa postdoctoral fellow at Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. She studied Genetics and Cell Biology in Dublin City University, Ireland. From here she was awarded the IRCSET award and undertook her PhD in the Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Lab also in DCU under the supervision of Dr. Mary O’Connell. Here she worked on the generation of pipelines for both the identification and characterisation of fusion genes with a specific focus on primate genomes. Since moving to New Zealand in 2018 Ann has worked in Manaaki Whenua creating protocols for the high quality sequencing of endemic New Zealand species including stick insects such as Clitarchus hookeri, fungi from the Herecium clade as well as endemic birds such as the Hihi.

Dr Jason Mika Dr Jason Paul Mika is a descendant of the Ngāi Tūhoe, Whakatōhea, Ngāti Awa and Ngāti Kahungunu tribes of Aotearoa New Zealand. Dr Mika is a senior lecturer and codirector of Te Au Rangahau, the Māori Business & Leadership Research. Dr Mika's research interests include indigenous entrepreneurship, management and methodologies.

Dr Jane Mullaney Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Raukawa I am a scientist and have been with the Food & Bio based Products Group at AgResearch in Palmerston North since 2017. Prior to that, I was at the University of Queensland Australia for just under 4 years where I held a post-doctoral fellowship funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (USA) researching how the microbiome and Type 1 diabetes are linked. I have a PHD in Food Technology but my background is in microbiology. During my PhD I worked on how the gut microbiota transform food into bioactives, in particular, broccoli and its anti-cancer effects. While at a food futures hui hosted in Gisborne late 2017, I had a conversation with a Tai Pukenga representative regarding their ambitious plans to develop a commercial growing banana industry on the East Coast. We are now partnering with this group to help develop bananas from tissue culture. We used a novel genetic technology here at AgResearch to identify the Gisborne grown varieties we discovered that are already successfully established there and to carry out some analysis of the nutritional value of these locally grown bananas.

Dr Phil Ross I am a marine ecologist at the University of Waikato. Since 2012 I have worked as a Research Fellow/Post-doc at the University of Waikato's Coastal Marine Field Station in Tauranga. My area of specialty is marine community ecology and molecular ecology with a focus on temperate soft sediment and rocky reef ecosystems. I’m interested in understanding how communities of sea creatures respond to and recover from disturbances, particularly man-made disturbances. For the last few years my research has been focused on trying to determine the ecological effects of the MV Rena grounding on Astrolabe Reef. Recently, I

have begun working on toheroa, a large endemic surf clam occurring on only a handful of west coast surf beaches. For this work I will be combining archaeology and population genetics with Matauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) to gain a better understanding of early human influences on the distribution of toheroa and the extent to which early Māori manipulated their marine environment.

Dr Melanie Ruffell Melanie has extensive experience working in the high-value nutrition sector, working closely with relevant stakeholders from academia, government and industry. With a BSc in Human Nutrition (Otago), Melanie’s specialism started in the UK where she spent most of her 15 years away working with food companies, scientists, regulators and policy-makers on health claims for food. Melanie returned to NZ in 2015 to join a premium food manufacturer and exporter, plus has worked with an international provider of agri-tech services. Melanie particularly enjoys developing partnerships and working with diverse teams to help achieve common goals. As the Riddet Institute’s Stakeholder Relationships Manager, Melanie works collaboratively with internal stakeholders (Riddet Institute partner organisations and scientists) and external stakeholders (industry partners, government agencies and other entities like Food HQ, National Science Challenges etc) to ensure project delivery meets the Institute’s mission and contractual responsibilities, and creates value for New Zealand’s agri-food sector. Melanie is also currently refreshing the Riddet’s Māori Strategy and works closely with Māori agri-businesses, iwi and hapū.

Dr Katharina Ruckstuhl Ngāi Tahu, Rangitāne ki Wairau Dr Ruckstuhl is the Associate Dean Māori at the Otago Business School. She is a cross-disciplinary policy researcher in the areas of Māori language, small business, sci-tech innovation, and ‘social licence’ in the mining industry. She contributed a chapter to The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, examining Māori knowledge frameworks in the context of two case studies that involved the return of kōiwi tāngata (ancestral remains). She is currently leading a research team in a national science challenge – Science for Technological Innovation - looking at how sci-tech can better connect with Māori. Katharina has a number of governance, research and other roles for Ngāi Tahu, at both a pan-tribal and for her local hapū of Kāti Huirapa ki Puketeraki.

Prof Barry Scott Barry Scott is Professor of Molecular Genetics at Massey University. His research focuses on understanding the molecular basis of agriculturally beneficial symbiotic interactions between plants and microbes. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of NZ in 2010 and awarded a Humboldt Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) in 2014. Barry is a principal investigator in the Bio-Protection Research Centre, a national centre of research excellence. He was awarded the New Zealand Association of Scientists Marsden Medal (2013).

Dr Phil Wilcox Ngāti Rakaipaaka

Dr Wilcox is a Senior Lecturer in the University of Otago’s Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and has experience in applied genomics and statistical genetics. He is the current convenor of MapNet a NZ-wide collective of gene mapping scientists (see https://mapnet.agresearch.co.nz/mediawiki/index.php/MapNet :About) and the Project Leader of the Virtual Institute for Statistical Genetics (www.visg.co.nz). Dr Wilcox also established Te Aroturuki, a group of Māori scientists and advisors who developed a process to assist Western research scientists engage with Māori communities. He is formally a Kaihautu Māori in both the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge and the BioProtection Research CoRE, and is a mandated spokesman for Ngāti Rakaipaaka regarding the Rakaipaaka Health and Ancestry Study. He has worked on genetics of plant species (particularly forest trees) and human diseases.

Contact Information

Programme conveners

Maui Hudson 027 206 1183 Katharina Ruckstuhl 021 161 4820 Phil Wilcox 021 387 892

Programme co-ordinator Tuti Nikora 027 725 8139

Host institutions

Massey University Dr Jason Mika – 021 970 421 Plant & Food Research Dr David Chagne – 027 631 0585

Accommodation: Manawatū Halls The Residential Services Office Cnr Rehab Road and University Avenue Massey University Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand +64 6 356 9099 +64 6 951 6300 +64 0800 22 88 00

Palmerston North Taxis: +64 6 355 5333

Reading List

CELSI Cheung, M. J., Gibbons, H. M., Dragunow, M., & Faull, R. L. M. (2007). Tikanga in the Laboratory: Engaging Safe Practise. MAI Review, (1), 1-7.

Du Plessis, R., Scott, A., Phillips, H., Cram, F., Tipene-Matua, B., Parsons, M., & Taupo, T. (2004). The social, cultural, ethical and spiritual implications of genetic testing: Preliminary findings (Constructive Conversations/Korero Whakaaetanga Research Report No. 3). Christchurch, New Zealand: Social Science Research Centre, University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://www.conversations.canterbury.ac.nz/reportspapers.htm

Hudson, M., Milne, M., Reynolds, P., Russell, K., & Smith, B. (2010). Te Ara Tika - Guidelines for Māori research ethics: A framework for researchers and ethics committee members. Auckland, New Zealand: Health Research Council of New Zealand.

Merriman, T., & Cameron, V. (2006). Risk-taking: behind the warrior gene story. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL. Vol 120 No 1250 ISSN 1175 8716

Tipene-Matua, B., & Wakefield, B. (2007). Establishing a Māori ethical framework for genetic reserach with Māori. In M. Henaghan (Ed.), Genes, society and the future (Vol. 3, pp. 379-422). Wellington, New Zealand: Brookers Ltd.

Tupara, H. (2012). Ethics and health research: Decision making in Aotearoa New Zealand. AJOB Primary Research, 3(4), 40-52.

P. L. Wilcox , J. A. Charity , M. R. Roberts , S. Tauwhare , B. Tipene‐Matua , I. Kereama‐ Royal , R. Hunter , H. M. Kani & P. Moke‐Delaney (2008) A values‐based process for cross‐ cultural dialogue between scientists and Māori, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 38:3, 215-227, DOI: 10.1080/03014220809510555

HUMAN GENETICS Buckley, HR., Tayles, N., Halcrow, SE., Robb, K.,& Fyfe, R. (2010). The People of the Wairua Bar: a Re-examination. Journal of Pacific Archaeology 1:1.

Guilford, P., Hopkins, J., Harraway, J., McLeod, M., McLeod, N., Harawira, P., Taite, H., Scoular, R., Miller, A., & Reeve, AE. (1998). E-cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer. Nature, Vol 392: 402-405.

Gosling, AL., Matisoo-Smith, E., & Merriman, TR. (2013). Hyperuricaemia in the Pacific: why the elevated serum urate levels? Rheumatology Int.

Gosling, AL, Buckley, HR., Matisoo-Smith, E., & Merriman, T. (2015). Pacific Populations, Metabolic Disease and ‘Just-So Stories’: A Critique of the ‘Thrifty Genotype’ Hypothesis in Oceania. Annals of Human Genetics, 00,1-11.

Knapp, M., Horsburgh, KA., Porst, S., Stanton, JA., Buckley, HR., Walter, RK., & Matisoo- Smith EA. (2012). Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences from the first New Zealanders. PNAS 109:45. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1209896109

Manolio, TA. (2013). Bringing genome-wide association findings into clinical use. Natures Review Genetics, vol 14, 549-558.

Manolio et al. (2015). Global implementation of genomic medicine: We are not alone. Science Translational Medicine, Vol 7:290, 1-9.

Matisoo-Smith, EA., & Daugherty, C. Africa to Aotearoa: the longest migration. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 42:2, 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2012.673495

PLANT GENETICS Janick, J. (2013). Development of New World Crops by Indigenous Americans. Hortscience, 48(4): 406-412.

Marshall et al. (2015) A DNA-based diagnostic for differentiating among New Zealand endemic Podocarpus. Tree Genetics & Genomes Tree Genetics & Genomes vol 11:69

Shepherd LD, de Lange PJ, Cox S, McLenachan PA, Roskruge NR & Lockhart, P (2016) Evidence of a strong domestication bottleneck in the recently cultivated New Zealand endemic root crop, Arthropodium cirratum (Asparagaceae) PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152455 doc10.137/journal.pone.0152455.

Roskruge NR, Marshall CW & Shepherd LD (2011) Determining the identity of New Zealand Kamokamo (Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbitaceae), using mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. Agronomy New Zealand 41:157-166.

Nelson WA, Breitwieser I, Fordyce RE, Bradford-Grieve JM, Penman DR, Roskruge N, Trnski T, Waugh SM, Webb CJ (2015) National taxonomic collections in New Zealand. 2 volumes: report 63 p and appendices 66 p. Wellington, Royal Society of New Zealand.

Boocock, J., Chagné, D., Merriman, T. R., & Black, M. A. (2015). The distribution and impact of common copy-number variation in the genome of the domesticated apple, Malus x domestica Borkh. BMC Genomics, 16(1), 848. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015- 2096-x

INDIGENOUS Arbour, L., & Cook, D. (2006). DNA on Loan: Issues to Consider when Carrying Out Genetic Research with Aboriginal Families and Communities. Community Genetics, 9: 153-160.

Taniguchi, N. K. , Taualii, M. , Maddock, J. (2012). A Comparative Analysis of Indigenous Research Guidelines to Inform Genomic Research in Indigenous Communities. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 3(1). Retrieved from: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/iipj/vol3/iss1/6

Hudson, M., Beaton, A., Milne, M., Port, W., Russell, K., Smith, B., Toki, V., Uerata, L., Wilcox, P. (2016a). He Tangata Kei Tua: Guidelines for Biobanking with Māori. Māori and Indigenous Governance Centre, Hamilton.

Hudson, M., Beaton, A., Milne, M., Port, W., Russell, K., Smith, B., Toki, V., Uerata, L., Wilcox, P. (2016b). Te Mata Ira: Guidelines for Genomic Research with Māori. Māori and Indigenous Governance Centre, Hamilton.

‘The Ancestors Speak: Ko‒iwi Tangata, Matauranga Māori and the Development of Biological Anthropology in New Zealand’ p. 637 Katharina Ruckstuhl, Nancy Tayles, Hallie Buckley, Richard Bradley, Roger Fyfe and Matapura Ellison

Claw, K., Anderson, M., Begay, R., Tsosie, K., Fox, K., Garrison, N. (2018). A framework for enhancing ethical genomic research with Indigenous communities. Nature Communications 9:2957.

BIOINFORMATICS Cadzow, M., Boocock, J., Nguyen, H. T., & Wilcox, P. (2014). A bioinformatics workflow for detecting signatures of selection in genomic data. Frontiers in Genetics. http://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00293

Nguyen, H. T., Merriman, T. R., & Black, M. A. (2014). The CNVrd2 package: measurement of copy number at complex loci using high-throughput sequencing data. Frontiers in Genetics, 5, 248. http://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00248

SPONSORS

Our thanks to the sponsors of this initiative