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Home , Big Savage Mountain, Casselman Formation, Foreknobs Formation, Geology of Pennsylvania, Geology of Somerset, Glenshaw Formation

Open-File Report 2000-02

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF

SOMERSET COUNTY,

PENNSYLVANIA

by Thomas A. McElroy Geological Survey

PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FOURTH SERIES

HARRISBURG

2000 Material from this report may be published if credit is given to the Pennsylvania Geological Survey

THIS REPORT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED FOR CONFORMITY WITH THE PUBLICATION STANDARDS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS REPORT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY P.O. BOX 8452 HARRISBURG, PA 17105-8453 CONTENTS

Abstract ...... 1 Introduction...... 4 Purpose and scope ...... 5 Methods of investigation ...... 5 Previous investigations ...... 6 Location and description of study area ...... 7 Water use...... 9 Acknowledgments ...... 9 Hydrologic budgets ...... 11 Stonycreek ...... 15 Blue Hole Creek...... 17 Orographic effects...... 29 Influence of alluvium/colluvium...... 29 Groundwater resources...... 33 Geologic setting...... 33 Factors that influence the yields of wells...... 34 Lithology...... 34 Topography...... 35 Geologic Structure...... 38 Groundwater occurrence and flow...... 39 and water-bearing properties of the rocks...... 45 Alluvium/colluvium...... 46 Monongahela Group ...... 46 ...... 55 Description...... 55 Water-bearing properties ...... 55 Water quality...... 58 Wells...... 58 Springs...... 65 Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 66 ...... 66 Description...... 66 Water-bearing properties...... 68 Water quality...... 70 Wells...... 70 Springs...... 73 Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 73

iii Allegheny Group...... 74 Description...... 74 Water-bearing properties...... 76 Water quality...... 78 Wells...... 78 Springs...... 81 Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 81 Pottsville Group...... 82 Description...... 82 Water-bearing properties...... 83 Water quality...... 85 Wells...... 85 Springs...... 87 Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 88 ...... 88 Description...... 88 Water-bearing properties...... 90 Water quality...... 94 Wells...... 94 Springs...... 98 Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 98 Loyalhanna Formation...... 98 Burgoon ...... 99 Description...... 99 Water-bearing properties ...... 100 Water quality...... 102 Wells...... 102 Springs...... 106 Evaluation as an aquifer...... 106 ...... 106 ...... 107 Description...... 107 Water-bearing properties...... 108 Water quality...... 108 Wells...... 108 Springs...... 113 Evaluation as an aquifer...... 113 ...... 113 Description...... 113 Water-bearing properties ...... 114 Water quality...... 116 Wells...... 116 Springs...... 117

iv Evaluation as an aquifer ...... 119 Scherr Formation...... 120 Comparison of water-bearing characteristics of -age rocks in County with Pennsylvanian-age rocks in ...... 121 Guidelines to developing water supplies...... 123 Conclusions...... 124 References...... 127 Sources of information about water...... 133 Glossary...... 135 Appendix...... 140

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURES

Figure 1. Map showing townships and boroughs of Somerset County ...... 10 2. Graph showing average monthly temperatures at Somerset...... 11 3. Map showing Stony Creek River and Blue Hole Creek drainage basins and data collection sites...... 16 4. Map showing , topography, and data collection sites, Blue Hole Creek basin ...... 20 Figures 5-10 .Graphs showing— 5. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Lower Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1993 ...... 22 6. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Lower Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1994 ...... 23 7. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Lower Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1995 ...... 24 8. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Upper Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1993 ...... 25 9. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Upper Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1994 ...... 26 10. Stream, base flow and precipitation for Upper Blue Hole Creek basin, water year 1995 ...... 27 11. Cross section of Blue Hole Creek, showing alluvium/colluvium thicknesses...... 31 12. Hydrograph and precipitation for Upper Blue Hole Creek, July 1993...... 32 13. Water-bearing zone distribution for 490 wells in Somerset County ...... 41 14. Drawing of the conceptual groundwater flow system ...... 42 15. Sketch showing an artesian aquifer in Somerset County...... 43 16. Graph showing drawdown curve of a well penetrating an areally limited fracture...... 44 17. Depositional model of Pennsylvanian-age rocks ...... 45

v Figure 18. Stratigraphic column of the Monongahela Group ...... 54 19. Stratigraphic column of the Casselman Formation ...... 56 20. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Casselman Formation...... 57 21. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth for Casselman Formation wells...... 59 22. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Casselman Formation...... 60 23. Whisker diagrams of distribution of hardness and total dissolved solids in groundwater from selected formations...... 61 24. Whisker diagrams of distribution of alkalinity and concentration in groundwater from selected formations...... 62 25. Whisker diagrams of distribution of magnesium and sulfate concentrations in groundwater from selected formations...... 63 26. Whisker diagrams of distribution of and manganese concentrations in groundwater from selected formations...... 64 27. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the Casselman Formation...... 65 28. Stratigraphic column of the Glenshaw Formation...... 67 29. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Glenshaw Formation ...... 69 30. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Glenshaw Formation...... 71 31. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation...... 72 32. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the Glenshaw Formation...... 73 33. Stratigraphic column of the Allegheny Group...... 75 34. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Allegheny Group...... 77 35. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Allegheny Group ...... 79 36. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Allegheny Group...... 80 37. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the Allegheny Group...... 81 38. Stratigraphic column of the Pottsville Group...... 82 39. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and uses, Pottsville Group...... 84 40. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth for Pottsville Group wells ...... 85 41. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Pottsville Group...... 86

vi Figure 42. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for samples collected from the Pottsville Group...... 88 43. Graph showing percent frequency distribution of non- beds in the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 89 44. Geologic log of well SO 238, showing typical stratigraphy of the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 91 45. Map showing thicknesses of the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 92 46. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Mauch Chunk Formation ...... 93 47. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 95 48. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 96 49. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for samples collected from the Mauch Chunk Formation...... 97 50. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Loyalhanna Formation...... 100 51. Whisker diagrams of distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Burgoon Sandstone...... 101 52. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Burgoon Sandstone ...... 103 53. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone...... 104 54. Bar graph showing iron and manganese concentrations for samples collected from the Burgoon Sandstone...... 105 55. Whisker diagrams of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Catskill Formation ...... 109 56. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Catskill Formation ...... 110 57. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Catskill Formation...... 111 58. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the Catskill Formation...... 112 59. Whisker diagrams of wells yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Foreknobs Formation ...... 115 60. Bar graph showing the number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Foreknobs Formation wells...... 118 61. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Foreknobs Formation...... 119 62. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the Foreknobs Formation...... 120 63. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Scherr Formation...... 122

vii PLATES

Plate 1.Geologic map of southern Somerset County, showing the locations of wells and springs. 2.Geologic map of northern Somerset County, showing the locations of wells and springs.

TABLES

Table 1. Water use in Somerset County, Pennsylvania...... 12 2. Hydrologic budget, Stony Creek River basin, 1960-1993 ...... 19 3. Hydrologic budgets, Blue Hole Creek basin...... 28 4. Means and ranges of sandstone and “shale” well yields, in gallons per minute...... 35 5. Summary of t-tests for sandstone water-bearing zone yields and depths as a function of “shale” water-bearing zone yields and depths...... 35 6 Summary of tests for the effect of topography on well yields and depths...... 37 7. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties of groundwater...... 47 8. Suggested methods of treatment for domestic drinking water...... 51 9. Well statistics, Casselman Formation...... 58 10. Well statistics, Glenshaw Formation...... 69 11. Well statistics, Allegheny Group...... 77 12. Well statistics, Pottsville Group...... 84 13. Well statistics, Mauch Chunk Formation...... 93 14. Well statistics, Burgoon Sandstone...... 101 15. Well statistics, Catskill Formation...... 109 16. Well statistics, Foreknobs Formation...... 115 17. Summary of well yields, Somerset, Fayette, Indiana and Cambria Counties...... 140 18. Summary of well depths, Somerset, Fayette, Indiana and Cambria Counties...... 146 19. Summary of well water chemistry, Somerset, Fayette, Indiana and Cambria Counties...... 153 20. Chemical analyses of water from wells, Somerset County...... 167 21. Record of springs and analyses of water from springs, Somerset County. . . . .177 22. Record of wells, Somerset County...... 183 23. Date, time and duration of precipitation events in the Blue Hole Creek basin...... 210

viii GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF SOMERSET COUNTY,

PENNSYLVANIA

by

Thomas A. McElroy

ABSTRACT

In 1990, 77 per cent of Somerset County’s population relied on groundwater for their supply. Several communities in the county are currently abandoning their surface water supplies for wells that tap bedrock aquifers, especially the -age Mauch Chunk Formation.

Water managers and residents are concerned about the effects of development on groundwater- resources, which is one of the reasons for this investigation.

In addition to collecting and analyzing data on the bedrock aquifers, two water basins,

Stony Creek River and Blue Hole Creek, were studied as models for other areas in the county.

Groundwater recharge in the Stony Creek River basin, which is typical of the whole county, averaged 374 (gal/min)/mi2. This was 27 percent of precipitation. Total streamflow was 53 percent of precipitation for the same period. In comparison to the Stony Creek River basin, stream and base flow are a much higher percentage of precipitation in the Blue Hole Creek basin, and evapotranspiration is less in the Blue Hole Creek basin. These differences are attributable to the average higher elevations of the Blue Hole Basin and thick, sandy colluvium along the main stem of Blue Hole Creek. Groundwater recharge averaged 670 (gal/min)/mi2 for the entire basin, and 680 (gal/min)/mi2 for the upper basin.

A new geologic map of Somerset County was prepared. The bedrock consists of a sequence of to Pennsylvanian age sedimentary rocks overlain by much younger unconsolidated deposits. The Devonian age Scherr Formation is the oldest rock unit exposed in the county.

1 Above it, in decreasing age, are the Devonian age Foreknobs Formation and Catskill Formation, the Mississippian-Devonian age Rockwell Formation, and the Mississippian age Burgoon

Sandstone, Loyalhanna Formation, and Mauch Chunk Formation. Pennsylvanian age rocks, from oldest to youngest, are the Pottsville Group, Allegheny Group,

(Glenshaw and Casselman Formations) and the Monongahela Group. The unconsolidated deposits are undifferentiated colluvium/alluvium of Pleistocene/Holocene age.

Wells in have higher yields than finer-grained rocks. Wells in valleys have larger yields than those on hillsides and hilltops.

Data from Fayette, Indiana and Cambria Counties were combined with data from Somerset

County to determine if rocks in the Section have higher yields, and thus greater fracturing, than rocks in the Low Plateaus section. The study found that rocks in the Allegheny Mountains Section are not more highly fractured than the rocks in the

Pittsburgh Low Plateaus Section.

Two general systems of groundwater flow are present in the county--a deep, regional system, and a shallow, usually less than 300 ft deep, system. Little is known about flow in the regional system since few wells exceed 300 feet in depth. Although head is a principal control on flow, lithology and number, size, and extent of interconnections of fractures have a substantial influence on groundwater flow volume and direction.

Because of deep in the Monongahela Group, wells in the group are limited to shallow depths. All other units in Somerset County yield adequate groundwater for domestic use. Casselman Formation wells sited in valleys may yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-yield uses. Water from the formation is commonly hard and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (USEPA SMCLs). Wells properly sited in the 2 Glenshaw Formation, Allegheny Group, and Pottsville Group will also commonly yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-yield uses. Most water from the

Glenshaw Formation and Allegheny Group is hard and acidic and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the USEPA SMCLs. Groundwater from the Pottsville Group commonly is acidic and high in iron and manganese. The Mauch Chunk Formation is a valuable aquifer. Properly sited wells in this aquifer are capable of large yields of good quality water.

Some wells drilled into the Mauch Chunk Formation may yield groundwater with iron and manganese concentrations greater than the USEPA SMCLs. If a well intercepts a cavern in the

Loyalhanna Formation below the water table, it will yield large volumes of high-quality water.

There are not enough data to determine expected yields of Loyalhanna Formation wells that do not penetrate a cavern. Optimally sited wells in the Burgoon Sandstone are capable of large yields. Wells drilled into the Burgoon Sandstone are likely to yield groundwater with a low pH and iron or manganese concentrations greater than the USEPA SMCLs. Because of its remote, limited outcrop in rugged terrain, the Rockwell Formation is not considered to be a valuable aquifer in Somerset County. Yields from the Catskill Formation are more than adequate for domestic use. Nitrates may exceed the USEPA MCL, but overall the Catskill Formation yields the highest quality groundwater in Somerset County. Hillside wells in the Foreknobs Formation have lower yields, and greater depths, than wells in other units in Somerset County. Iron, manganese, and nitrates in may exceed the USEPA standards. Limited data from the Scherr

Formation suggest that iron and manganese may commonly exceed the USEPA SMCL.

Nearly all of the springs produce water with pHs below the USEPA SMCL of 6.5. Iron, manganese, and, less commonly, aluminum, may be present in concentrations exceeding the

USEPA SMCLs.

3 Well yields and depths of wells in Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and

Allegheny Group in Somerset County are similar to well yields and depths in the same units in

Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties, except Glenshaw Formation wells in Somerset County are generally deeper than Glenshaw Formation wells in Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties.

The quality of well water from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and Allegheny

Group in Somerset County was nearly identical to that of well water from the three units in

Cambria, Fayette, and Indiana Counties. Spring water from the Glenshaw Formation in

Somerset County is less mineralized than water from Glenshaw Formation springs in Cambria,

Fayette and Indiana Counties.

INTRODUCTION

According to 1990 census figures, 77 per cent of Somerset County’s population relied on groundwater for their supply. Forty-five percent of the population in the county relies on self- supplied groundwater. Several communities in the county are abandoning their surface water supplies for wells that tap Mississippian-age aquifers, especially the Mauch Chunk Formation.

Many of these wells are on Laurel Hill, which is being rapidly developed. Water managers and residents are concerned about the effects of development on groundwater-resources. Because of these concerns, and the high percentage of the population that relies on groundwater, the

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and

Geologic Survey, undertook this study in 1991.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this study is to assess the ground water resources of Somerset County,

Pennsylvania. Well depth, depth to water, yield, and lithology were obtained from drillers’ 4 reports, well owners, and field measurements. Blue Hole Creek was instrumented specifically for this project to determine the hydrologic budget of Laurel Hill. Stream flow and base flow data for Stony Creek River obtained from the U. S. Geological Survey were used to determine the hydrologic budget for the county as a whole. Gamma logs from gas wells were used to determine the thickness of the Mauch Chunk Formation. A map showing revised geology, well and spring locations, and locations of stream monitoring sites is included.

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

The geologic mapping of the County has been completely revised for this study.

Mississippian-age rocks and alluvium were mapped by the author, Pennsylvanian-age rocks were mapped by James R. Shaulis of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, and Devonian-age rocks were mapped by Marilyn D. Wegweiser of the Ohio State University. The revised geologic mapping established the framework for the assessment of groundwater occurrence, movement, and quality. The availability of groundwater with respect to geologic formation and topographic position was defined by using information from 664 inventoried wells and 76 inventoried springs. Of the 664 inventoried wells, 171 were sampled for water-quality analysis.

Reasons for not sampling all inventoried wells are: 1) the owner was not home; 2) permission was not granted to sample; 3) the water system had water-treatment equipment that could not be bypassed. Because of the inability to sample many of the wells that have water-treatment equipment, the results may be biased toward good water quality. Forty of the springs were sampled.

Field measurements of temperature, pH, hardness, and specific conductance were determined for the water from wells and springs. Laboratory analyses for groundwater samples included alkalinity, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, iron, and manganese. For 96 of the wells, and 23 of the springs, water samples were also analyzed for 5 dissolved solids, laboratory hardness, fluoride, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, and acidity. Some of the analyses for the public supply wells were provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

Various statistical tests were used for analysis of well yields and depths and the chemistry of groundwater. Unused wells were categorized according to their original or intended use.

Statistical tests for normally distributed data are more powerful than those for non-normally distributed data. By converting yield, depth and chemical values to their natural logarithm values, it was found that much of the data is logarithmically-normally distributed. Normality tests included coefficient of variation, skewness, and probability plots. Probability plots were used only if the coefficient of variation and skewness tests did not have the same result.

Normally distributed data was F-tested to check for equal variability. If the variabilities were equal, the general Student’s T method was used. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for other data.

Two stream-stage recorders and two precipitation gauges were installed in the Blue Hole

Creek basin to determine the hydrologic budget of Laurel Hill. Stream flow and base flow data for Stony Creek River were used to determine the hydrologic budget for the rest of the county.

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS

Rogers (1858) first described, as part of his report on the , the geology of Somerset County. In 1877 F. and W.G. Platt published a report on the geology of the

Cambria and Somerset district that describes the measures west of Allegheny Mountain in

Somerset County. Coal and fireclay in the Wellersburg of southeastern Somerset

County were discussed by Leslie and Harden (1886) and D’Invilliers (1895). G. C. Martin

(1908) mapped the geology of Somerset County south of the 39o45’ parallel. A report on the 6 of (C.K. Swartz and W.A. Baker, Jr., 1922) includes a geologic map of the

Georges Creek (Wellersburg) basin that extends northward beyond the Maryland-Pennsylvania border for two miles. Ashley, Sisler, and Reese (1925-1928) included a summary of the coal resources of Somerset County by township. Mineral resource reports for the county include

“ of Pennsylvania” by Miller (1925), “Clay and shale resources in Pennsylvania” by

Leighton (1941), and “Refractory clays of the Maryland coal measures” by Waage (1950).

Lohman (1938) discussed groundwater resources in Somerset County. Flint (1965) mapped the geology of southern Somerset County. His accompanying report discusses geology, mineral resources, and water resources. The compilation maps for the 1980 state geologic map were published in an atlas (Berg and Dodge, 1981) which contains geologic information on all but the Accident, Grantsville, Markleton and Murdock 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps of Somerset

County.

LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF AREA

Somerset County is located in southwestern Pennsylvania. It has an areal extent of 1074.8 square miles. It is bounded on the south by the Mason-Dixon line, on the west by the

Youghiogheny River and the crest of Laurel Hill (Fayette and Westmoreland Counties), on the north by Cambria County, and on the east by Bedford County.

Somerset County is drained by streams in the Youghiogheny, Conemaugh, Juniata, and

Potomac River basins. Major streams flowing into the Youghiogheny River basin, in south- central and southwestern Somerset County, are the and Laurel Hill Creek.

Stony Creek River, which drains the northern half of the county, is a tributary of the

Conemaugh River. Wills Creek, a tributary of the , is in southeastern Somerset

County. The headwaters of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River are in east-central

Somerset County. 7 All of Somerset County is in the Allegheny Mountain Section of the Appalachian Plateaus

Physiographic Province. The section is characterized by wide ridges separated by broad valleys.

Conspicuous ridges in the county are, west to east, Laurel Hill, , Allegheny

Mountain, Big , and Little Allegheny Mountain (Plates 1 and 2). The highest point in Pennsylvania, Mount Davis at elevation 3213 feet, is on Negro Mountain. Topographic relief in the vicinity of the ridges is on the order of 1000 feet. Areas between the ridges have a relief of approximately 500 feet. Total relief in the county is nearly 2000 feet, from Mount

Davis (3213 feet) to where the Youghiogheny River exits the county (approximately 1270 feet).

The 1990 population of Somerset County was 78,218 (Pennsylvania State Data Center,

1995). The County is divided into 25 townships and 25 boroughs (Figure 1). About 34 percent of the population reside in boroughs. The main population centers include Somerset Borough

(population 6454), Windber Borough (population 4756), Meyersdale Borough (population

2518) and Berlin Borough (population 2064).

Forest land covers 61.4 percent of the county’s total area. Agricultural land accounts for

33.5 percent of the total land use. Strip mines cover 2.7 percent of the land. Urban or built-up land and surface water constitute the remaining land uses. They cover, respectively, 1.9 percent and 0.5 percent of the county ( U.S. Geological Survey 1973 and 1979).

Somerset County has a humid continental climate. The average annual precipitation in

Somerset is 41 in./yr. (inches per year). At Confluence, 44 in./yr. is the norm. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 23o F in Somerset and 25o F in Confluence.

July is the warmest month. At Somerset, the average July temperature is 67o F, at Confluence it is 70o F. Temperatures are lower and precipitation is higher on the ridges of Somerset County.

Figure 2 shows average monthly temperatures at Somerset.

8 WATER USE

In 1995, water use in Somerset County averaged about 13.2 millions gallons per day

(Mgal/day). Manufacturers Water Co. and the Greater Johnstown water authority withdrew more than 26.6 Mgal/day from county surface waters. About 55 percent of the population was served by public water supplies. The remaining 45 percent depended on wells and springs for their domestic supply. Water-supply companies, major self-supplied users, and daily consumption are listed in table 1. In 1990, the most recent year for which data are available, groundwater was the source of 54 percent of the water delivered by public supplies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the individual landowners, companies and municipalities in the county who provided access for the field data collection. James R.

Casselberry, groundwater geologist, kindly provided the logs of several municipal wells drilled in the county. personnel were very helpful during installation of the stilling wells and precipitation gauges in the Blue Hole Creek basin. William Gast of the Pennsylvania

Department of Environmental Protection provided water-user information. Ron Sloto of the

U.S. Geological Survey supplied the total and base flows for Stony Creek River and also gave advice on interpreting the Blue Hole Creek

9 Figure 1. Townships and boroughs of Somerset County.

10 70

60

50

40

30 T, degrees F degrees T, 20

10

0 Jan. July Feb. Oct. June Aug. Dec. May Mar. Sept. Nov. April Month

Figure 2. Average monthly temperatures at Somerset hydrographs. A special thanks goes to the interns who assisted in this project: Thomas Wyland,

David Cox, and Bridget Bush.

HYDROLOGIC BUDGETS

The hydrologic system is a dynamic, continuous process of circulation to which all water on earth is subject. Water evaporated from open bodies of water is returned to the surface as precipitation. Precipitation falling on land may be reevaporated, or it may be taken up by vegetation and transpired back into the atmosphere. These two processes, evaporation and transpiration, are commonly discussed under the term evapotranspiration. Precipitation may also become surface runoff, flow overland into streams, and eventually enter the ocean. Lastly, some precipitation will infiltrate the soil, percolate downward through rock to the zone of saturation, and become groundwater. The groundwater then moves laterally through interconnecting voids in the rock, to be discharged into springs, streams, or lakes, and to flow toward the ocean. These surface waters will once more be evaporated to begin another journey through the hydrologic system.

11 Table 1. Water use in Somerset County, Pennsylvania [From the Division of Water Planning and Allocations, PaDEP].

Water company Water Source Average consumption, gal/day

Manufacturers Water Co. Quemahoning Creek, 22,200,000 Stonycreek

Greater Johnstown Water Auth. N Fork Bens Creek 3,580,000 Dalton Run 825,000

Resorts, golf courses Surface water, wells 3,571,500

Windber Area Auth. Clear Shade Creek, 2,821,000 Piney Run, wells

Seven Springs Resort Allen Creek 2,316,100

Mines and quarries Surface water 1,857,108

Conemaugh Twp. Mun. Auth. S. Fork Bens Creek 442,000 Wells 356,000

North Fork Golf Course N. Fork Bens Creek 594,000

Small companies Wells, springs, 453,388 surface water

Seven Springs Mun. Auth. Gosling well 319,000 Hemlock spring 36,000

Somerset Mun. Water Auth. Laurel Hill Creek, wells 350,000

Berlin Mun. Water System Wells and springs 332,500

Boswell Mun. Water Auth. Roaring Run 300,000

Jennerstown Borough Card Machine Run, 161,000 Pickings Run spring 94,300

Meyersdale Mun. Auth. Stamm run, wells, 252,000 springs

Hooversville Mun. Auth. Stony Creek River, 193,500 wells 12 Table 1. (cont.) Water company Water Source Average consumption, gal/day

Indian Lake Water Auth. Wells 193,000

King's Mt. Golf Course Unnamed stream 179,000

Indian Lake Golf Course Indian Lake 172,000

Central City Borough Beaverdam Run 141,000 wells 25,600

Salisbury Municipal Water Findlay spring 136,000

Citizens Water Company Drake Run, wells 130,000

Rockwood Water Co. Unnamed stream, well 120,000

Hidden Valley Farm Inn Well 114,000

Mobil home parks Wells 107,490

Lincoln Township Mun. Auth. Unnamed stream, 103,000 springs

Oakbrook Golf Course Unnamed stream 97,000

Gray Area Water Auth. Spruce Run, well 95,800

Somerset Country Club Unnamed stream 81,500

Addison Area Water Supply Wells and springs 76,850

Garrett Water Company Piney Run, Bigby Run, 63,800 wells

Middle Creek Golf Course Springs, well 40,800

Waterloo Mutual Water Co. Well 40,000

Stoystown Borough Wells 37,010

Cairnbrook Imp. Assoc. Well 34,000

Hidden Valley Ski Resort Kooser run, wells 28,500

13 Table 1. (cont.) Water company Water Source Average consumption, gal/day

Wilbur Community Water Co. Well and springs 22,400

Piney Run Golf Course Piney Run, well 20,400

Sliding Rock Golf Course Unnamed stream 20,400

Hidden Valley Golf Course Kooser Run, wells 18,700

Reading Mine Water Auth. Well 16,300

Somerset Twp. Listie Sys. Wells and spring 15,310

Friedens Water Assoc. Well 8,700

Friedens Highland Mutual Well 5,100 Water Co.

Small Water Association Wells 4,230

Ligonier Highlands Spring 3,110

Friedens Mutual Water Assoc. Springs 2,600

Shade Prep School Unnamed stream, well 2,280

Gahagen Water Assoc. Unnamed stream 2,000

Jenner Twp. Mun. Water Auth. Wells Unknown

The hydrologic system is thus composed of dynamically related parts, and the amount of water that is in and moves through each part places natural limits on the development and management of the water resources.

The hydrologic budget is the quantification of the hydrologic system in a for a given period of time. It may be represented by the following equation:

P = Rs + Rg +ET + ∆SM + ∆GW + U - I

14 where

P = precipitation

Rs = surface runoff

Rg = base flow (groundwater discharge to stream)

(Rs + Rg) = total streamflow

ET = evapotranspiration

∆SM = change in soil moisture

∆GW = change in groundwater storage

U = natural groundwater flow out of basin

I = imported water

Two hydrologic budgets were calculated for Somerset County. The first is for the Stony Creek

River, which represents the hydrologic budget for the county as a whole. The second is for Blue

Hole Creek, which represents the hydrologic budget for Laurel Hill. Because Laurel Hill rises well above the land to its east, precipitation is greater than elsewhere in Somerset County, necessitating a separate hydrologic budget for Laurel Hill. Figure 3 shows basin locations and data collection sites for the Stony Creek River.

STONY CREEK RIVER

Streamflow records are from the U. S. Geological Survey gauging station 3040000, located in

Riverside, just north of the Somerset County line. Drainage basin area is 451 mi2. Personnel in the

Department of Agronomy at Pennsylvania State University compiled precipitation records and generously made them available to the Pennsylvania Geological Survey.

Ron Sloto, of the U. S. Geological Survey, did the base flow separation, using the local minimum method of a hydrograph separation program called HYSEP (Sloto, 1991). Natural

15 Figure 3. Stony Creek River and Blue Hole Creek drainage basins and data collection sites.

16 groundwater flow out of basin and imported water were assumed to be negligible. Use of long- term data negates changes in soil moisture and groundwater storage, so data were averaged over the period 1960 to 1993, the most recent year for which data were available. Precipitation data are from stations at Johnstown, Boswell, and Somerset. A Theissen network (Linsley and

Franzini, 1964) was used to determine weighting factors for average precipitation in the basin.

Withdrawals from the basin by the Manufacturers Water Co. and the Greater Johnstown Water

Authority (table 1) are the equivalent of 1.24 inches per year. Because it cannot be determined how much of this withdrawal is groundwater, and how much is surface water, it was assumed that the proportions are equal to those calculated without taking into account the withdrawals.

This yields a base flow of 0.63 inches/year and surface runoff of 0.61 inches/year. These figures were added to each year of record for the Stony Creek River. Table 2 lists the results. Over the period of record, slightly less than half of the precipitation falling on Somerset County is evaporated or transpired back into the atmosphere.

Evapotranspiration (ET) varies with the length of the growing season, average temperature, amount and timing of precipitation, wind velocity, and humidity. ET is calculated by subtracting total streamflow from precipitation. Total streamflow is evenly divided between surface run off

(Rs) and groundwater discharge (Rg). The average groundwater discharge of 11.32 inches is the equivalent of 374 gallons per minute per square mile [(gal/min)/mi2]. This figure is a rough approximation of total groundwater availability.

BLUE HOLE CREEK

Blue Hole Creek is located on the east flank of Laurel Hill, in southwestern Somerset County

(figure 3). Nearly all of the basin is in Forbes State Forest, which has precluded any development in the basin. Figure 4 shows the topography and geology of the basin, and instrument locations.

Basin relief is approximately 1140 feet. Geologic units underlying the basin are the Mauch 17 Chunk Formation, Pottsville and Allegheny Groups and alluvium/colluvium. The basin drains

5.78 mi2.

To obtain streamflow data, analog stream stage recorders were installed at the mouth of the stream and approximately halfway up the main stem of the stream, at elevation 2220 feet. Two recorders were used because of anticipated orographic effects, which result in greater amounts of precipitation at higher elevations. Drainage area above the upper gauge is 2.19 mi2. These gauges were operated continuously for the water years 1993, 1994, and 1995.

Monthly stage hydrographs were constructed from the analog recordings. The monthly hydrographs were digitized and then converted into flow hydrographs using stage-discharge rating curves developed from several flow measurements taken at varied stages. Base flow separations were done on the monthly hydrographs. The monthly hydrographs, with base flow separations, were combined to create water-year hydrographs (figures 5-10).

Two analog precipitation gauges were also installed in the basin. Precipitation gauges require an unobstructed area around them. The only feasible sites for the gauges in the heavily forested basin were in the limited areas where the trees had been clear-cut. The first gauge, which was located near the confluence of the main stem and Garys Run at elevation 2000 feet, was installed in August of 1993. The second gauge was installed in July of 1994. Its location was at the headwaters of Garys Run, at elevation 2720 feet.

18 Table 2. Hydrologic budget, Stony Creek River basin, 1960- 1993 Streamflow Evapotranspiration, ET Base flow, Surface runoff, Rg Rs Calendar Precipi- Inches % of Inches % of Inches % of year tation, P, precipi- precipi- precipi- inches tation tation tation 1960 41.36 6.31 15.26 13.79 33.33 21.27 51.41 1961 48.72 12.85 26.37 11.81 24.23 24.07 49.40 1962 45.97 9.47 20.60 9.49 20.65 27.01 58.76 1963 38.65 8.22 21.26 6.62 17.13 23.81 61.61 1964 44.48 10.82 24.32 9.69 21.79 23.97 53.89 1965 33.80 8.36 24.73 6.76 20.01 18.68 55.26 1966 32.88 6.27 19.07 7.57 23.03 19.04 57.90 1967 39.88 10.84 27.18 9.61 24.11 19.42 48.71 1968 35.09 8.90 25.36 6.13 17.47 20.06 57.17 1969 39.98 6.67 16.68 5.49 13.72 27.83 69.60 1970 51.28 17.16 33.46 14.28 27.84 19.84 38.70 1971 51.05 15.02 29.41 14.04 27.50 22.00 43.09 1972 50.20 14.17 28.23 18.51 36.88 17.51 34.89 1973 40.79 10.63 26.05 10.14 24.86 20.02 49.09 1974 42.39 11.87 28.00 8.38 19.78 22.14 52.22 1975 49.53 13.82 27.91 15.36 31.00 20.35 41.09 1976 39.11 10.21 26.10 10.37 26.53 18.53 47.38 1977 41.54 11.45 27.56 11.35 27.32 18.74 45.12 1978 40.66 12.33 30.31 12.08 29.70 16.26 39.99 1979 50.97 17.59 34.50 17.32 33.98 16.06 31.52 1980 42.30 10.43 24.66 10.28 24.31 21.58 51.03 1981 37.58 9.19 24.45 10.42 27.74 17.97 47.81 1982 31.58 11.37 35.99 7.27 23.01 12.95 41.00 1983 37.03 12.88 34.79 10.05 27.13 14.10 38.07 1984 42.45 14.25 33.57 11.74 27.65 16.46 38.78 1985 43.63 11.76 26.95 13.46 30.85 18.41 42.21 1986 39.99 9.36 23.39 13.31 33.29 17.32 43.32 1987 37.26 11.14 29.90 8.39 22.53 17.72 47.56 1988 40.03 8.90 22.22 10.48 26.18 20.66 51.60 1989 45.16 14.77 32.70 10.09 22.34 20.30 44.96 1990 43.63 12.18 27.91 12.29 28.17 19.16 43.92 1991 33.10 10.54 31.85 6.88 20.78 15.68 47.37 1992 35.50 11.24 31.65 8.07 22.73 16.19 45.61 1993 48.38 13.87 28.66 16.61 34.34 17.90 37.00 Mean 41.65 11.32 27.09 10.83 25.64 19.50 47.27 Minimum 31.58 6.27 15.26 5.49 13.72 12.95 31.52 Maximum 51.28 17.59 35.99 18.51 36.88 27.83 69.60 19 Figure 4. Geology, topography, and data collection sites, Blue Hole Creek basin. Base map from U. S. Geological Survey Kingwood and Seven Springs 7.5 minute topographic quadrangles.

20 The precipitation gauges did not have heaters, so they could not be used when temperatures were below freezing. To fill in the missing data, data at the lower gauge were compared with monthly data from National Weather Service gauges at Meyersdale, Confluence, and Somerset.

The best correlation (0.85) was with the Meyersdale gauge. A regression equation was developed and used to estimate monthly precipitation at the lower gauge for the periods October 1992 to

August 1993, November 1993 to April 1994, and December 1994 to March 1995. NOAA station

367942, at Seven Springs, had precipitation data available for the period November 1992 to

October 1994. These data were used directly. For months when both Blue Hole Creek gauges were operating, there was an excellent correlation (0.95). A regression equation was used to estimate precipitation for the remaining months at the upper gauge when there were no data available. Daily precipitation, as recorded or calculated, is shown on figures 5-10. A Theissen network was used to determine weighting factors for average precipitation in the basin. For base flow separation, it was determined by inspection that storm runoff contribution ceased 3 days after a precipitation event. Normally, the period of surface water contribution is determined by the equation N = A0.2 where N is the period in days and A is the drainage basin area in square miles (Linsley and Franzini, 1964, p. 45), which gives a period of 1.4 days. Inspection of the hydrographs showed this time to be too short. Also, several obvious snowmelt events were assigned entirely to surface runoff. Table 3 presents the results.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Table 3. Hydrologic budgets, Blue Hole Creek basin

For entire basin: Streamflow Evapotranspiration ET Base flow, Rg Surface runoff, Rs Water Precipi- Inches % of Inches % of Inches % of year tation, P, precipi- precipi- precipi- inches tation tation tation

1993 47.81 15.94 33.34 8.35 17.46 23.52 49.19 1994 53.33 24.29 45.55 9.48 17.78 19.56 36.68 1995 34.32 20.69 60.29 4.71 13.72 8.92 25.99 Mean 45.15 20.31 46.39 7.51 16.32 17.33 37.29

For upper basin: Streamflow Evapotranspiration ET Base flow, Rg Surface runoff, Rs Water Precipi- Inches % of Inches % of Inches % of year tation, P, precipi- precipi- precipi- inches tation tation tation

1993 51.04 17.68 34.64 8.37 16.40 24.99 48.96 1994 62.30 24.38 39.13 11.47 18.41 26.45 42.46 1995 40.80 19.93 48.85 4.50 11.03 16.37 40.12 Mean 51.38 20.66 40.87 8.11 15.28 22.60 43.85

In comparison to the Stony Creek River basin, stream and base flow are a much higher percentage of precipitation in the Blue Hole Creek basin, and evapotranspiration is less in the

Blue Hole Creek basin. Because of missing data from the Boswell and Johnstown precipitation stations in 1994 and 1995, precipitation could not be directly compared between the two basins.

The differences in flow and evapotranspiration are probably a consequence of the average higher elevations of the Blue Hole Creek basin, and are discussed in the section on orographic effects.

28 Base flow is the equivalent of 670 (gal/min)/mi2 for the entire basin, and 680 (gal/min)/mi2 for the upper basin.

Because of the short period of record, changes in soil moisture and groundwater storage may not be negligible. This would account for streamflow in water years 1993 and 1995 being almost equal, even though precipitation was greater in 1993. The intervening year was particularly wet, and groundwater discharge from 1994 precipitation may have continued into 1995. Surface runoff in 1995 was lower than in 1993, and base flow was higher.

Orographic Effects

Laurel Hill stands sufficiently above the surrounding land to generate orographic lifting of air masses moving west to east. The lifting of air masses over Laurel Hill results in a decrease in pressure and temperature. The lower temperature and pressure at the higher altitude decreases the amount of water the atmosphere can hold and causes the excess vapor to condense into raindrops or snowflakes, resulting in the higher elevations receiving greater amounts of precipitation.

The difference in precipitation with elevation in the Blue Hole Creek basin is pronounced.

For months when both precipitation gauges were in operation, the lower rain gauge recorded

24.80 inches of rain, the upper gauge 36.02 inches. For the 101 rainfall events reporting more than 0.01 inches, the lower detection limit of the recorders, more rain was recorded at the upper gauge 71 times, more rain was recorded at the lower gauge 25 times, and equal amounts of rain only 5 times. A listing of all events recorded, with their time and duration, are in the appendix.

Influence of Alluvium/Colluvium

Alluvium/colluvium along the main stem of Blue Hole Creek has a significant effect on stream flow. Figure 4 shows the possible extent of the boulder and sand-rich alluvium/colluvium, most of which is probably derived from sandstones of the Pottsville Group. Average thickness along the main stem is 30 feet. Thicknesses of the material were estimated by constructing 4 29 cross sections perpendicular to the channel and extrapolating the slope on either side to the point where they intersect beneath the surface. Figure 11 demonstrates the technique. One cross section on Garys Run, a tributary to the main stem, gave a significantly lower thickness of 15 feet.

Because of the high percentage of sand, the alluvium/colluvium is very porous and acts as a high-transmissivity reservoir for groundwater. This is the reason that base flow in Blue Hole

Creek is a higher proportion of total precipitation than it is in Stony Creek River, which lacks thick alluvium/colluvium.

Periodically during the summers of 1992, 1993 and 1995, no visible water flowed in the main stem of Blue Hole Creek, from about one-quarter mile below the upper gauge to the confluence with Garys Run. The water was being absorbed by the alluvium/colluvium.

In October, 1994, flow at both gauges increased without any significant precipitation. This was the result of less water being used by plants and thus more water was available from the alluvium/colluvium for flow into the stream. Further evidence of plants taking water directly from groundwater in the alluvium/colluvium can be seen in the July 1993 hydrograph (figure 12).

Precipitation data are from the Meyersdale gauge. On July 7, stream flow began to fluctuate daily from about 0.8 cfs to less than 0.01 cfs. The fluctuation appears to be caused by vegetation intercepting base flow during a dry period. The shallow water table in the alluvium/ colluvium allows plants access to the saturated zone. Low flow occurs at about midnight. The timing of low flow is probably delayed by the slow rate of groundwater flow. Stomata of most plants, except in

30 Figure 11. Cross section of Blue Hole Creek showing possible alluvium/colluvium thicknesses. arid areas, open at sunrise and close in darkness (Salisbury and Ross, 1992). Interruptions in the cyclicity were caused by precipitation, which increased soil moisture available to the plants.

When soil moisture was depleted, the pattern began again. This was the only period during monitoring when the phenomenon was observed.

The daily fluctuation was also seen at the lower gauge, but stage change was only about one- hundredth of a foot. At the upper gauge, stage change was up to 0.2 ft. The two largest tributaries, Garys Run and Cole Run, enter Blue Hole Creek below the upper gauge. The alluvium/colluvium along the tributaries is not as thick or extensive as it is along the main stem, which limits the groundwater available to vegetation.

31 32 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

GEOLOGIC SETTING

Somerset County is underlain by a sequence of Devonian to Pennsylvanian age sedimentary rocks consisting of shale, siltstone, sandstone, and claystone, with minor amounts of and coal. Overlying the sedimentary rocks are unconsolidated deposits. The Devonian age Scherr

Formation is the oldest rock unit exposed in the county. Above it, in order of decreasing age, are the Devonian age Foreknobs Formation and Catskill Formation, the Mississippian-Devonian age

Rockwell Formation, and the Mississippian age Burgoon Sandstone, Loyalhanna Formation, and

Mauch Chunk Formation. Pennsylvanian age rocks, from oldest to youngest, are the Pottsville

Group, Allegheny Group, Conemaugh Group (Glenshaw and Casselman Formations) and the

Monongahela Group. The unconsolidated deposits are undifferentiated colluvium/alluvium of

Pleistocene/Holocene age.

The geologic structure is characterized by folds that generally strike between North 30o East and North 35o East. From west to east the major structural features (plates 1 and 2) are 1) Laurel

Hill , 2) Johnstown-Youghiogheny , which are en echelon, 3) Centerville and

Boswell domes, 4) Negro Mountain anticline, 5) Berlin syncline, 6) Deer Park anticline, and

7)Wellersburg syncline. Except for the latter two features, dips are on the order of 4 or 5 degrees.

Amplitude of folding is between 2000 and 2500 feet. Dips on the Deer Park anticline are commonly 10 to 20 degrees, and on the east limb of the Wellersburg syncline vertical dips are present.

33 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE YIELDS OF WELLS

Lithology

Lithology has an effect on the yield of individual water-bearing zones. It also may have an effect on well depth. These relations were determined by comparing the yields and depths of the water-bearing zones of wells drilled into the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and

Allegheny Group in identical topographical settings but with different dominant lithologies

(sandstone and fine-grained). The wells were not classified by geological unit because the depositional environment for the Pennsylvanian-age rocks was similar (see figure 17), thus the rocks should be similar.

Sandstones and fine-grained rocks were the only lithologic distinction made, as drillers describe all noncarbonate rocks with grain sizes smaller than sand as “shale”. Each drillers’ log was examined to determine the lithology of a well’s water bearing zone or zones. For wells with multiple water bearing zones, all of the zones had to be in the same lithology to be considered.

For these wells, well yield was divided by the number of water-bearing zones. For example, if a well has a yield of 30 gal/min and 3 water-bearing zones, all in sandstone, then 3 water-bearing zones of 10 gal/min are listed.

Data are log-normal, so the t-test was used to determine statistically significant differences between populations in the categories. Table 4 gives the means and ranges of yields in each category, and Table 5 summarizes the results of the t-tests.

Sandstones are expected to yield greater volumes of groundwater than finer-grained rocks, as the sandstones are more brittle and are thus more likely to develop fractures through which

34 Table 4. Means and ranges of sandstone and "shale" well yields, in gallons per minute and depths, in feet.

Sandstone "Shale" Topography n Mean Yield n Mean depth n Mean Yield n Mean depth n Hilltop 10 10 8 157 53 6 27 259 13 Hillside 49 13 37 136 112 8 66 153 58 Valley 19 27 15 100 51 16 34 110 21

Table 5. Summary of t-tests for sandstone water-bearing zone yields and depths as a function of "shale water-bearing zone yields and depths.

Test Probability of significant difference Yield Depth Sandstone hilltop as a function of "shale" hilltop 0.89 0.97 Sandstone hillside as a function of "shale" hillside 0.95 0.40 Sandstone valley as a function of "shale" valley 0.98 0.44 groundwater can move. A 95 percent confidence level is a common criterion for establishing whether or not two samples are from different populations. The results show that yields of wells tapping sandstone are higher on hillsides and valleys, and may be on hilltops. These conclusions are supported by work done in Fayette County (McElroy, 1988) and Indiana County (Williams and McElroy, 1997). The results also show that hilltop wells tapping sandstones are shallower than hilltop wells tapping finer-grained rocks. Wells tapping sandstones on hillsides and valleys have a lower mean depth, but the differences are not significant.

Topography

Several studies have shown a relationship between the topographic setting of wells and their yields (Meisler and Becher, 1971; Becher and Taylor, 1982; McElroy, 1988; Williams and

McElroy, 1997). The relation is most likely to be found for wells drilled for maximum yield.

Wells in valleys have larger yields than those on hillsides and hilltops. Valleys and draws are

35 commonly formed along zones of weakness that are susceptible to more rapid . These zones may be caused by the presence of joints, faults, cleavage, or bedding plane separations, all of which increase well yield by providing secondary porosity. It has also been suggested that the removal of rock by erosion allows fractures to open by relieving the weight of the overburden

(Wyrick and Borchers, 1981).

For domestic wells, which are drilled not to maximize yield but rather to the depth at which a well yields enough groundwater to supply a household, the deepest wells are usually on hilltops, and the shallowest are in valleys.

To analyze if topographic setting has an effect on well yield and depth, wells first must be classified by geologic unit, domestic/non-domestic use, and topography, and then tested. Results are summarized in table 6. Ranges, medians, means, standard deviations, coefficients of variation and skewness are in the appendix.

Data for Somerset County generally show a relationship between the topographic setting of wells and their yields and depths. Domestic hilltop wells have the greatest depths of all domestic wells. Yields were lower in the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations. There were too few samples of non-domestic hilltop wells to test except in the Allegheny Group, where depths for domestic and non-domestic wells are the same. Many of these wells did not have reported yields. The depths of non-domestic hilltop wells in the Allegheny Group are the same as those drilled on hillsides. Hillside wells drilled for domestic use into the Casselman, Glenshaw and

Catskill Formations have yields similar to that of valley wells drilled for domestic use. Hillside domestic wells in the Allegheny Group, Burgoon Sandstone and Foreknobs Formation have lower yields than valley wells.

36 Table 6. Summary of tests for the effect of topography on well yields and depths.

Pcc Pcg Pa Mmc Mb Dck Df Yield tests Hd

Depth tests Hd>Sd Hd>Sd Hd>Sd Hd>Sd Hd=Hnd Hnd=Snd Sd=Vd Sd=Vd Sd>Vd Sd=Vd Sd>Vd Sd>Vd Sd=Snd SdVnd Snd=Vnd* Snd=Vnd Vd

Pcc: Casselman Fm; Pcg: Glenshaw Fm.; Pa: Allegheny Gp.; Mmc: Mauch Chunk Fm.; Mb: Burgoon Sandstone; Dck: Catskill Fm.; Df: Foreknobs Fm. H: Hilltop; S: Hillside; V: Valley d: Domestic well; nd: Non-domestic well Blank spaces indicate insufficient data for analysis. Asterisk indicates non-normal distribution

Depths for hillside domestic wells in the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations and the

Burgoon Sandstone are equal to valley domestic wells in these units. Hillside domestic wells in the Allegheny Group, Catskill Formation and Foreknobs Formation are deeper than valley wells.

Non-domestic hillside wells drilled into Allegheny Group and the Burgoon Sandstone have higher yields and greater depths than domestic wells, but depths and yields are the same for domestic and non-domestic wells drilled into the Glenshaw Formation.

Depths and yields are indistinguishable for non-domestic hillside and valley wells. Non- domestic valley wells have greater yields and depths than domestic valley wells.

Analysis of well depths of wells with similar lithology, but different topographies (see table

4) shows that hilltop “shale” wells are significantly deeper than hillside shale wells, hillside

37 “shale” wells are significantly deeper than valley “shale” wells, and hillside sandstone wells are significantly deeper than valley sandstone wells.

Geologic Structure

Geologic structure refers to the shape or geometry of rock units and includes features produced by movements after . Fractures (faults, joints, and cleavage) and folds are structural features that can have an effect on well yields. Fracture openings may yield significant amounts of water to a well. Fold hinges may be associated with areas of increased fracturing.

Two methods were used to determine the effect of structure on well yields. The first analyzed yields and depths of wells in Somerset County within 1 mile of fold hinges. The second analyzed yields and depths of wells in two physiographic sections.

Folding has no discernible effect on well yields or depths. The yields and depths of Somerset

County wells within 1 mile of a fold hinge are not significantly different than yields and depths of wells more than 1 mile from a fold hinge.

The two physiographic sections used for analysis of well depths and yields are the Allegheny

Mountain and Pittsburgh Low Plateau Sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Province. The

Allegheny Mountain Section has large-amplitude, open folds, the Pittsburgh Low Plateau Section has moderate-to-low amplitude folds (Sevon, 1997). The greater degree of folding in the

Allegheny Mountain Section implies greater stress was imposed on this area, the rocks may have more or larger fractures, and thus wells should have higher yields, or shallower depths, than wells in the Pittsburgh Low Plateaus Section.

All of Somerset County, eastern Fayette County, southern Cambria County, and southeastern

Indiana County are in the Allegheny Mountains Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Province.

The remaining parts of Fayette, Cambria and Indiana Counties are in the Pittsburgh Low Plateau

Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Province. Wells in the four counties were grouped by 38 physiographic section, geologic unit, and topography, and compared statistically, using the same methods described in the section Lithology (p. 33). Geologic units with a sufficient number of wells for analysis were the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation, and Allegheny Group.

Ranges, medians, averages, standard deviations, coefficients of variation and skewness are listed in the appendix. The results show very few differences in yields or depths between the two physiographic sections. It is therefore inferred that rocks in the Allegheny Mountains Section are not more highly fractured than the rocks in the Pittsburgh Low Plateaus Section.

GROUNDWATER OCCURRENCE AND FLOW

The source of groundwater in Somerset County is precipitation. Most precipitation is evaporated, transpired by plants, or runs overland. The remainder seeps through pores in surface soils and weathered bedrock, and through fractures in unweathered bedrock, becoming groundwater. Movement is chiefly downward to the top of the zone of saturation (water table).

Groundwater then moves laterally toward areas of lower head. Two general systems of groundwater flow are present in the county—a deep, regional system, and a shallow, usually less than 350 ft deep, system.

Regional groundwater flow is predominantly lateral, toward major river valleys, and is much slower than local flow. Few wells are deep enough to penetrate the deep flow system, so little is known about it. Discharge is upward, into major valleys such as the Youghiogheny River Valley in southwestern Somerset County. Because of the slow flow rate and long distances traveled, residence time of groundwater in the regional flow system is long. Water is an efficient solvent, so mineralization of groundwater that has passed through the regional system is commonly high.

The shallow system provides almost all groundwater used in Somerset County. In this system water-bearing fractures in the rock are numerous and large enough to supply useful quantities of

39 groundwater. System depth is inferred from analysis of water-bearing zone density with depth.

The density of the water-bearing zones was determined with the formula:

N x 50-ft/F where N is equal to the number of reported water-bearing zones per 50 feet of hole depth, and F is equal to penetrated footage by full, 50-foot increments (if a well encountered one water- bearing zone at a depth of 40 feet, and the well was completed at 48 feet, neither the water- bearing zone or the footage would be included in the calculation of water-bearing zone density).

Figure 13 shows the number and density of water bearing zones per 50 feet of well depth for 889 water-bearing zones in 490 wells. The highest density is in the 51-100 ft range. Density in the 0-

50 ft range is probably equivalent to that of the 51-100 ft range, but the true density is not seen because typically half of the interval is cased off. Density remains at about 0.43 to 300 ft, where it drops to 0.22. Below 350 ft, density drops off to a very small value. There are 55 wells inventoried in the county that are deeper than 350 feet, with the deepest at 697 feet. Only 23 water-bearing zones were reported for all 55 wells. From this analysis, it is inferred that the shallow system is no deeper than 350 feet.

Although head is a principal control on flow, lithology and number, size, and extent of interconnections of fractures have a substantial influence on groundwater flow volume and direction. Discharge is into streams or lakes, where the water table intercepts the surface. Figure

14 shows the conceptual model of shallow system groundwater flow in Somerset County, at small and large scales.

40 Number of wells reported in depth interval

490 397 268 188 121 89 59 400 1.00 th p e d

0.80 300 Number of water-bearing zones

Mean density of well 50 feet r e

0.60 p

200 zones g in r 0.40 -bea r Number of water-bearing zones of water-bearing Number

100 ofwate y 0.20 ensit d Mean Mean 0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 13. Water-bearing zone distribution for 490 wells in Somerset County.

41 Figure 14. Conceptual groundwater flow in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. (Modified from Harlow and LeCain, 1993

A perched water table, which is a zone of saturation with an unsaturated zone beneath it, is shown in the upper left of figure 14. Inhibition of downward flow of groundwater, caused in this case by a low-permeability claystone underlying a coal seam, creates perched water tables.

Groundwater moves laterally through the overlying coal and along the top of the claystone to their outcrop, where the groundwater is discharged as springs. Hawkins and others (1996) reported that these perched water tables are temporary, and that during precipitation events enough water will percolate through the clays to saturate the rocks below. While claystones probably underlie most perched water tables in Somerset County, any unfractured rock can create 42 a perched water table. The extent and range in size of perched water tables in Somerset County are not known.

Low-permeability rocks may also be a barrier to upward movement of groundwater, creating a confined, or artesian, aquifer. Water levels in wells drilled into an artesian aquifer will rise above the top of the aquifer. Artesian conditions are found most commonly along the flanks of in Somerset County where the dip of the rocks is steeper than the slope of the land surface (figure 15).

Figure 15. Artesian aquifer in Somerset County.

The well shown diagramatically on figure 14 is typical of domestic wells in Somerset County.

The well is cased a few feet into unweathered bedrock, and is open below the casing. The well intercepts a small fracture. If the fracture is small enough, an aquifer test of the well would be similar to that of a well in Indiana County, well IN 447, which shows an example of the control of groundwater by fractures (figure 16). For the first 20 minutes of the test, drawdown was 43 minimal. After 20 minutes, the small fracture that supplies the bulk of the groundwater to the well was dewatered, and thereafter drawdown increased significantly.

Figure 16. Drawdown curve of a well penetrating an areally limited fracture.

The enlargement in figure 14 shows how lithology can vary laterally, and how lithology can affect fracturing. The depositional model for Pennsylvanian-age rocks (figure 17) shows that the lithologic changes are a consequence of the depositional environment of the rocks. The enlargement in figure 14 shows a noncontinuous sandstone that is more heavily fractured that the surrounding rock. Sandstone is more brittle than smaller-grained lithologies, such as siltstone, and thus is more likely to develop fractures.

44 Figure 17. Depositional model of Pennsylvanian-age rocks (from Ferm, 1970).

STRATIGRAPHY AND WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES OF THE ROCKS

Surficial and bedrock geology, geologic structure, and locations of field-checked wells and springs are shown on the plates included in this report. Stratigraphic nomenclature is modified from Berg and others (1980).

Water-bearing characteristics are discussed for domestic and non-domestic wells. Most non- domestic wells are drilled for large-volume users. Because they are drilled to maximize yield, non-domestic wells provide a better estimate of the yield potential of a given rock unit.

Information on domestic wells can be used to determine the approximate cost of a home water

45 supply. Water-bearing characteristics of each geologic unit and quality of water from each unit are compared to the characteristics of the same units in other counties in western Pennsylvania.

Summaries of the data used for the comparisons are in the appendix.

The mandatory and recommended limits for public water supplies and the significance of chemical constituents in water are given in table 7. Drinking water standards are from the U. S.

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), unless otherwise noted. Methods of treatment for constituents that are present in objectionable concentrations are presented in table 8.

Alluvium/colluvium

Alluvium comprises unconsolidated surficial deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay of

Pleistocene to Holocene age. These deposits occupy the flood plains of streams and, in some places, form low terraces above the flood plains. Colluvium comprises unconsolidated surficial deposits moved by gravity. It is found low on the flanks of ridges in Somerset County. Colluvium is intermixed with alluvial deposits in valley bottoms. Numerous small (about 1 acre or less) of colluvial material on Laurel Hill have probably increased the mixing of colluvium with alluvium in the valley bottoms. These mixed deposits may be up to 60 ft thick, and have a significant effect on stream flow (see Influence of colluvium). No wells inventoried for this report draw their supply from these unconsolidated deposits.

Monongahela Group

In Somerset County only the lower portion of the Monongahela Group rocks is preserved along the synclinal axes in the deepest parts of the Johnstown, Berlin, and Wellersburg basins. A maximum of 250 feet of section is present in the Berlin basin, 110 feet in the Wellersburg basin,

46 Table 7. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties of groundwater.

[Modified from Lloyd and Growitz, 1977, p. 51-54; concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L) except as indicated; 1,000 µg/L = 1 mg/L; USEPA MCL, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level; USEPA SMCL, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level]

Constituent or Source or cause Significance property

Silica (SiO2) Dissolved from practically all rocks and Forms hard scale in pipes and boilers. When soils (commonly less than 30 mg/L) carried over in steam of high pressure boilers it forms deposits on blades of turbines.

Aluminum (Al) Dissolved in small quantities from May be troublesome in feed waters because aluminum-bearing rocks. Acid waters of scale formation on boiler tubes. The commonly contain large amounts. USEPA SMCL is 200 µg/L.

Iron (Fe) Dissolved from practically all rocks and On exposure to air, iron in groundwater soils. May also be derived from iron oxidizes to reddish-brown precipitate. More pipes, pumps, and other equipment. than about 300 µg/L stains laundry, porcelain, and utensils reddish-brown. Objectionable for food and textile processing, ice manufacturing, brewing, and other processes. The USEPA SMCL is 300 µg/L.

Manganese (Mn) Dissolved from many rocks and soils. More than 200 µg/L precipitates upon Commonly associated with iron in oxidation. Manganese has the same natural waters but not as common as undesirable characteristics as iron but is iron. more difficult to remove. The USEPA SMCL is 50 µg/L.

Cadmium (Cd) Dissolved in small quantities from Concentrations greater than the USEPA MCL cadmium-bearing rocks. Excessive of 5 µg/L may be toxic and are considered concentrations are generally from grounds for the rejection of a water supply. contamination by industrial wastes from metal-plating operations.

Chromium (Cr) Dissolved in minute quantities from The USEPA SMCL is 100 µg/L. rocks. Excessive concentrations are generally from contamination by industrial wastes.

Copper (Cu) Dissolved from copper-bearing rocks. Copper is essential and beneficial for human Small amounts (less than 1.0 mg/L) metabolism. May impart metallic taste to generally found in natural waters. water in concentrations greater than the Small amounts are commonly added USEPA SMCL of 1.0 mg/L. Causes blue- to water in reservoirs to inhibit algal green stains on sinks and bathtubs. growth. May be dissolved from copper pipes by acidic water.

47 Table 7. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties of groundwater, --Continued.

Constituent or property Source or cause Significance

Lead (Pb) Dissolved in small quantities from lead- The effects of lead on children include bearing rocks. Less than 0.01 mg/L increased hyperactivity, decreased generally found in natural waters. intelligence levels, learning deficiencies Excessive concentrations are caused and kidney disorders. The USEPA MCL is by contamination from lead plumbing, 15 µg/L. lead solder used to join copper pipes, lead picked up from the atmosphere by rain, and other artificial sources.

Sodium (Na) and Dissolved from practically all rocks and Concentrations of less than 50 mg/L have Potassium (K) soils. Sewage and industrial wastes little effect on usefulness of water for most are also major sources. purposes. More than 50 mg/L may cause foaming in steam boilers and limit the use of water for irrigation.

Zinc (Zn) Dissolved from zinc-bearing rocks. May Concentrations greater than 30 mg/L have be dissolved from galvanized pipe; is been known to cause nausea and fainting present in many industrial wastes. and to impart metallic taste and a milky appearance to water. The USEPA SMCL is 5 mg/L.

Nickel (Ni) Dissolved from nickel-bearing rocks, Long-term exposure may cause weight loss; commonly associated with iron and heart and liver damage skin irritation. The manganese, is present in industrial USEPA MCL is 0.1 mg/L. waste.

Arsenic (As) Dissolved in small quantities from Toxic to skin and nervous systems. The arsenic-bearing rocks. Excessive USEPA MCL is 50 µg/L. concentrations are generally due to improper waste-disposal practices. Arsenic is also present in certain insecticides and herbicides.

Alkalinity (CO3, The bicarbonate ion may result from the Bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonate (CO3) HCO3) solution of atmospheric carbon produce alkalinity. Bicarbonates of calcium dioxide and the solution of carbon and magnesium decompose in boilers and dioxide produced during the hot water facilities to form scale and decomposition of soil. The major release corrosive carbon dioxide gas (see source, however, is from the solution “Hardness”). of limestone.

48 Table 7. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties of groundwater--Continued.

Constituent or property Source or cause Significance

Sulfate (SO4) Dissolved from rocks and soils Sulfates in water containing calcium may containing , iron sulfides, and form hard Ca- SO4 scale in steam boilers. other sulfur compounds. Particularly Can have laxative effect on persons associated with . unaccustomed to concentrations greater Commonly present in some industrial than the USEPA SMCL of 250 mg/L. May wastes and sewage. impart salty taste..

Chloride (Cl) Dissolved from rocks and soils in small In large quantities chloride increases the quantities. Relatively large amounts corrosiveness of water. Large amounts in are derived from sewage, industrial combination with sodium result in a salty wastes, highway-deicing salt, and oil taste. The USEPA SMCL is 250 mg/L. and gas production water.

Fluoride (F) Dissolved in small to minute quantities About 1.0 mg/L of fluoride in drinking water from most rocks and soils. is helpful in reducing incidence of tooth decay; larger concentrations cause mottling of enamel. The USEPA SMCL is 2.0 mg/L.

Nitrate (NO3) Decaying organic matter, sewage, and Small concentrations have no effect on fertilizers are principal sources. usefulness of water. The USEPA MCL is 10 mg/L of NO3 as N. Water containing more than this level may cause methoglobinemia (a disease often fatal in infants) and, therefore, should not be used in infant feeding.

Hardness (CaCO3) In most waters, nearly all the hardness is Hardness consumes soap (before a lather will due to calcium and magnesium. All form and deposits soap curds on bathtubs). the metallic cations other the alkali Carbonate hardness is the cause of scale metals also cause hardness. There are formation in boilers, water heaters, two classes of hardness: carbonate radiators, and pipes, causing a decrease in (temporary) and noncarbonate heat transfer and restricted flow of water. (permanent). Carbonate hardness Waters whose hardness is 60 mg/L or less refers to the hardness resulting from are considered soft; 61 to 120 mg/L cations in association with carbonate moderately hard; 121 to 180 mg/L hard; and bicarbonate; it is called more than 180 mg/L, very hard. Very soft temporary because it can be removed water with a low pH may be corrosive to by boiling the water. Noncarbonate plumbing. Dividing the concentration in hardness refers to that resulting from milligrams per liter by 17.1 converts the cations is association with other value to grains per gallon. anions.

Hydrogen sulfide Produced by the decomposition of Imparts a characteristic rotten egg odor and (H2S) underground organic deposits. obnoxious taste. The odor can be detected at only a few tenths of milligrams per liter concentration. Very corrosive.

49 Table 7. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties of groundwater—Continued Constituent or property Source or cause Significance

Calcium (Ca) and Common in practically all Cause of most hardness in water, and in magnesium(Mg) rocks and soils, combination with bicarbonate, is the especially from cause of scale formation in steam limestone, , and boilers, water heaters, and pipes (see gypsum. “Hardness”). Water low in calcium and magnesium is desired in electroplating, tanning, dyeing, and manufacturing. Maximum concentrations of 100 mg/L calcium and 50 mg/L magnesium are recommended for drinking-water supplies.

Dissolved solids A measure of all the The USEPA SMCL for total dissolved chemical constituents solids is 500 mg/L, but water dissolved in a particular containing as much as 1,000 mg/L may water. be used where less mineralized supplies are not available.

Specific conductance A measure of the capacity Can be used to obtain a rapid estimate of of a water to conduct an the approximate dissolved-solids electrical current. It concentration of water. The sum of varies with dissolved-solids concentration from concentration and groundwater is the study area is degree of ionization of approximately equal to 0.80 times the the constituents. specific conductance. pH The negative logarithm of A pH of 7.0 indicates neutrality of a the hydrogen-ion solution. Values higher than 7.0 denote concentration. basic solutions; values lower than 7.0 indicate acidic solutions. Corrosiveness of water generally increases with decreasing pH. The pH of most natural waters ranges from 6 to 8.

Temperature The temperature of groundwater between the water table and about 60 feet below the water table is approximately the same as the average annual air temperaturea; below this point, groundwater temperatures increase with depth about 1o F for each 50 to 100 feet. a Lovering and Goode, 1963, p. 5.

50 Table 8. Suggested methods of treatment for domestic drinking water [mg/L, milligrams per liter]

Constituent Treatmentsa (commercial units are available for home installation)

Iron and (or) Polyphosphate feeders (less than 2 mg/L). manganese Ion exchange softeners (less than 2 mg/L). Water must first be chlorinated, or softener will become clogged. filter (less than 2 mg/L). Continuous chlorination (any concentration).

Arsenic Ferric sulfate coagulation; works best for pH of 6 to 8.

Barium lon exchange.

Chromium +3 Ferric sulfate coagulation; works best for pH of 6 to 9. Alum coagulation; works best for pH of 7 to 9.

Chromium +6 . Ferrous sulfate coagulation; works best for pH of 7 to 9.5.

Cadmium Ferric sulfate coagulation; works best if pH is greater than 8.

Fluoride lon exchange with activated alumina or bone char media

Lead Ferric sulfate coagulation; works best for pH of 6 to 9. Alum coagulation; works best for pH of 6 to 9. Reverse osmosis.

Sulfate Reverse osmosis. Ion exchange. Electrodialysis.

Zinc Reverse osmosis. Ion exchange. Electrodialysis. Softening.

Aluminum Reverse osmosisb. Electrodialysisb.

Dissolved solids Reverse osmosis. Ion exchange. Electrodialysis.

Magnesium lon exchange.

Calcium lon exchange.

Hardness lon exchange.

Hydrogen sulfide Greensand filtration or chlorination followed by filtration and aeration.

51 Table 8. Continued

Alum coagulation. —Alum is mixed with the water to be treated, causing negation of the repulsive forces between particles, and allowing the small particles to join together to form larger particles, which settle readily (flocculation).

Continuous chlorination. —Chlorine is added to water to convert dissolved constituents to insoluble oxidized forms, which can then be filtered.

Electrodialysis.—Water is demineralized by the removal of ions through membranes that have a direct current applied to them.

Ferric/ferrous sulfate coagulation.—The same as alum coagulation except that iron sulfates are used instead of alum.

Greensand filter.—Also known as zeolite, greensand filters oxidize and filter water. The must be back washed periodically and reoxygenated by the addition of a solution of potassium permanganate.

Ion exchange.—Objectionable ions are removed by exchanging them with other ions. The most common use of ion exchangers is water softeners, in which calcium and magnesium, which are the principal causes of hardness, are exchanged for sodium. Softeners must be periodically regenerated by back-washing, application of a salt solution, and rinsing. These units are not recommended for individuals on low-sodium diets. Ion exchangers may also be used to remove ions other than calcium and magnesium.

Polyphosphate feeder.—Polyphosphate is added to water either by diverting part of the water through a chamber of powdered chemical or by injecting a small amount of concentrated solution into the line. Polyphosphate does not remove iron or manganese, but it prevents the formation of the solid oxides of these metals.

Reverse osmosis.—A semipermeable membrane is used to separate water to be treated from purer water. Pressure applied to the more heavily mineralized water causes relatively pure water to flow through the membrane. aTreatments are from Landers (1976) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1977 a, b). b Little work has been done on removing dissolved aluminum from water. These treatments should be effective, but treated water would have to be tested to ensure adequate aluminum removal.

52 and 55 feet in the Johnstown basin. These rocks are all contained within the Pittsburgh

Formation, defined as the strata between the base of the Pittsburgh coal and the base of the

Uniontown coal. In Somerset County, the top portion of the formation has been lost to erosion.

The Monongahela Group is generally composed of thick coal and limestone beds intercalated with sandstones, , and claystones. The coal seams are often extensively deep mined and the limestones have been quarried in conjunction with the surface mining of adjacent coals. Shales above the coal seams often contain plant , especially the shales overlying the main bench of the Pittsburgh coal. Fish and amphibian skeletal remains have been found in the Fishpot

Limestone under the Sewickley coal. Figure 18 shows a generalized section of the Monongahela

Group. The stratigraphic identification of the Pittsburgh coal bed in Somerset County has always been speculative because of a 30-mile wide erosional separation from the nearest contiguous coal bed to the west in Fayette County. The Pittsburgh coal in Fayette County generally consists of a 5 to 7 foot thick, main bench, overlain by 3 to 4 foot sequence of thin coal and shale beds, known as the roof coals, and underlain by claystone and freshwater limestone deposits. However, the most recent information in Somerset County indicates that a more complex, thicker interval correlates to the Pittsburgh coal of Fayette County that includes three coals. The three coals were identified by Flint (1965) as the Morantown, Pittsburgh and Blue Lick coals. Richardson (1934) identified the Pittsburgh coal as a single bed that is equivalent to Flint’s Pittsburgh coal. The

Morantown coal it is separated from the overlying “main bench” of the Pittsburgh coal by a siliciclastic parting that varies from 0.1 feet to 25 feet. Also, this “main bench” in turn is separated from the overlying Blue Lick coal that may be the “roof coal” equivalent of Fayette

County, by another siliciclastic parting that varies in thickness from 5

53 to 50 feet. These new

correlations have moved

the lower boundary of the

Monongahela Group to the

base of the Morantown

coal, and imply that the

Pittsburgh coal complex

consists of the Morantown,

Pittsburgh, and Blue Lick

coals in Somerset County.

Because of the extensive

deep mining of the

Pittsburgh coal, probably

only shallow wells can be

developed in the

Monongahela Group. Only

Figure 18. Stratigraphic column of the Monongahela Group. one well inventoried in the county, SO 489, taps the Monongahela Group. It is 223 ft deep, with no reported yield. In Fayette and Indiana Counties, the Monongahela is a poor aquifer, with low yields and poor water quality

(McElroy, 1988, Williams and McElroy, 1997). SP 140 is the only Monongahela Group spring inventoried in Somerset County. Its chemistry has been altered by acid mine drainage. Four

Monongahela Group springs inventoried in Indiana County yielded good quality water.

54 Casselman Formation

Description

The Casselman Formation is defined by Flint (1965) as lying between the top of the Ames

Limestone and the base of the Pittsburgh Coal bed. This formation thickens in a southeasterly direction across the county, from 450 feet in the Johnstown basin, to 575 feet in the Wellersburg basin. The outcrop belt is restricted to the structurally deeper portions of the basins and commonly extends out 2 to 2 ½ miles on either side of the synclinal axes. This formation is characterized a few locally persistent red beds, calcareous claystones, freshwater limestones, thin sandstones, shales, and generally thin economically insignificant coal beds. The exception to this is in the Wellersburg basin, where the Federal Hill, Barton, and Wellersburg coal beds are commonly mined. The shales overlying all coals except the Federal Hill usually contain plant fossils and several also contain freshwater fauna. The Federal Hill coal sometimes has a brackish marine zone preserved in the dark and or reddish brown shale above it. Figure 19 shows a generalized section of the Casselman Formation in Somerset County.

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 20 shows whisker diagrams of Casselman Formation well depths and yields. Table 9 summarizes the data. Data are insufficient to draw diagrams for hillside non-domestic wells.

Hilltop wells are deeper and lower-yielding than wells on hillsides or in valleys. Depths for hillside and valley wells are all similar, as are yields for hillside and valley wells. Non-domestic valley wells have significantly higher yields than domestic valley wells. In comparison with other units in the county, depths and yields are similar to all other Pennsylvanian-age units. There are few differences with the Mississippian and Devonian-age units.

55 Figure 21 shows water-

bearing zone density for

hilltop, hillside, and valley

wells. No water-bearing

zones were reported below

300 ft. Six wells

inventoried are greater than

300 ft deep, four on

hilltops, two on hillsides.

The greatest density for all

three topographies is in the

51 ft to 100 ft range. For

hilltop wells, nearly all of

the water-bearing zones

were 200 ft or less in depth.

Figure 19. Stratigraphic column of the Casselman Formation. The two water-bearing zones reported below 200 ft are both in well SO 490, which has a total yield of only 1 gal/min.

Mean density for hilltop wells to 350 ft is 0.32 water-bearing zones per 50 ft. The mean density from 0 to 150 ft is 0.44. Hillside wells have a fairly consistent water-bearing density, averaging

0.62 water-bearing zones per 50 ft down to 300 ft. The two wells deeper than 300 ft did not penetrate any water-bearing zones. Only two of the 13 reported water-bearing zones in valley wells are below 100 ft. Only two inventoried wells are deeper than 200 ft. The mean density for

56 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

i

e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Explanation

° Far-outside values--Plotted individually, all points greater than 3 times the interquartile range.

* Outside values—Plotted individually, points 1.5 to 3 times greater than the interquartile range.

Upper adjacent value equals largest data point less than or equal to the upper quartile plus 1.5 times the interquartile range. 75th percentile upper quartile.

Median (50th percentile)

25th percentile-lower quartile

Lower adjacent value equals smallest data point greater than or equal to the lower quartile minus 1.5 times the interquartile range.

Figure 20. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Casselman Formation. valley wells to 150 ft is 0.81 water-bearing zones per 50 ft, which is greater than the density for hilltop and hillside wells.

57 Table 9. Well statistics, Casselman Formation

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 2 5.5 15 2 103 250 Flat non-dom. 5 8 5 60 21 5 125 75 244 151 Hilltop dom. 25 5 0.5 30 8 25 175 60 510 205 Hilltop non-dom. 1 4 1 430 Hillside dom. 41 12 2 60 15 42 118 44 490 141 Hillside non-dom. 5 20 10 200 52 4 130 104 140 126 Valley dom. 13 17 1 40 19 14 105 64 250 121 Valley non-dom. 12 45 12 500 129 12 113 41 275 135 Upland Draw, dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, non- 2 2 10 3 158 100 190 158 dom.

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 2 15 30 6 42 18 100 47 Hilltop 19 19 2 50 20 22 36 21 240 49 Hillside 37 15 6 44 19 43 30 20 82 32 Valley 19 16 6 28 16 25 29 20 70 32 Upland Draw 2 16 18 3 63 40 91 65

Water Quality

Wells. Composite Stiff diagrams of water from the Casselman Formation are shown in figure

17. Stiff diagrams show water composition. Pattern width is an approximate indication of total ionic content. The units, milliequivalents per liter, are calculated by dividing the concentration of each ion by its formula weight and multiplying by the ionic charge. The total milliequivalents of cations should equal the milliequivalents of anions. The figure shows that well water from the

Casselman Formation is a calcium bicarbonate type. The Casselman Formation yields the hardest water of any of the units present in Somerset County (figure 23). Of

58 Number of wells in depth interval 4 40 21 20 14 10 6 5 1.50

Hilltop wells h 1.00 t p e

20 d 0.50 of well of well t 0 0.00

38 50 fee 25 13 7 3 2 2 r

40 1.50 e p

Hillside wells Number of water-bearing zones 1.00

Mean density zones 20 g in r 0.50 -bea r e t 0 0.00 Number of water-bearing zones

13 82 2 1 0 0 wa of y

40 1.50 t ensi d Valley wells 1.00 20 Mean 0.50

0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Depth interval, in feet below land surface Figure 21. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Casselman Formation.

59 the 23 wells sampled, none

yielded soft water, 7 yielded

moderately hard water, 12

hard water, and 4 very hard

water. No other unit in

Somerset County yielded

groundwater higher in

dissolved solids, alkalinity,

calcium, and magnesium

than the Casselman

Formation (figures 23, 24,

and 25). Sulfate

concentrations were the same

for all of the Pennsylvanian-

age units in Somerset

County, and were higher,

with a much greater range,

than in groundwater from

Figure 22. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of older units (figure 25). Iron groundwater from the Casselman Formation. concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 300 µg/L in 14 of the wells sampled. Iron concentrations in groundwater from the Casselman Formation were similar to concentrations in groundwater

60 600

)

L / 400

g

m

(

s

s

e

n

d

r

a 200

H

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

1000

)

L 800

/

g

m

(

s 600

d

i

l

o

s

d

e 400

v

l

o

s

s

i

D 200

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

Figure 23. Distribution of hardness and total dissolved solids in groundwater from selected formations. See figure 20 for explanation.

61 300

)

L / 200

g

m

(

y

t

i

n

i

l

a

k l 100

A

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

150

)

L

/ 100

g

m

(

m

u

i

c

l

a 50

C

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

Figure 24. Distribution of alkalinity and calcium concentration in groundwater from selected formations. See figure 20 for explanation.

62 30

)

L

/

g 20

m

(

m

u

i

s

e

n

g 10

a

M

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

200

150

)

L

/

g

m

( 100

e

t

a

f

l

u

S 50

0 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

Figure 25. Distribution of magnesium and sulfate concentrations in groundwater from selected formations. See figure 20 for explanation.

63 100.000

10.000

)

L

/ 1.000

g

m

(

n

o 0.100

r

I

0.010

0.001 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

10.000

) 1.000

L

/

g

m

(

e s 0.100

e

n

a

g

n

a

M 0.010

0.001 Pcc Pcg Pa Pp Mmc Mb Dck Df

Figure 26. Distribution of iron and manganese concentrations in groundwater from selected formations. See figure 20 for explanation. Dashed line shows SMCL.

from the Glenshaw Formation, Mauch Chunk Formation, Burgoon Sandstone, and Foreknobs

Formation. They were less than concentrations from the Allegheny and Pottsville Groups and

64 greater than concentrations from the Catskill Formation (figure 26). Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL of 50 µg/L in 15 of the 23 wells sampled. Comparison of manganese concentrations in groundwater from the Casselman with manganese concentrations in groundwater from other units in the county yields the same results as iron, except that manganese concentration from the Glenshaw Formation was lower than from the Allegheny Group (figure

26). Figure 27 shows iron and manganese concentrations in samples of groundwater collected in

Somerset County. If the concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the SMCL. Water from well SO 767 had a lead concentration slightly over the MCL of 15 µg/L. The well was not resampled to check the accuracy of the first analysis.

Springs Water from the two springs

sampled in the county that flow from the 10.00 Casselman Formation is calcium-chloride

)

L

/

g 1.00

m

( type. As is common, total mineralization is

e

s

e

n

a

g

n 0.10 a lower in springs than in wells. Springwater

M generally circulates in the shallow subsurface 0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Iron (mg/L) only; thus, its residence time is shorter than

Figure 27. Cross plot of iron and manganese that of well water. Because of water’s concentrations for water samples collected from the Casselman Formation. Index lines denote efficiency as a solvent, the longer the SMCL. residence time of groundwater, the more

heavily mineralized it is.

The two sampled springs may have been contaminated by salt, as spring water from the

Casselman Formation in Indiana County is calcium-bicarbonate type. SP 141 is adjacent to PA

Rte. 31. Road deicing salt may be the source for the contamination. The source for salt in SP 139 65 is not known. Both springs yield water with pH’s below the SMCL of 6.5. SP 141 yielded water with an iron concentration greater than the SMCL of 300 µg/L and an aluminum concentration greater than the SMCL of 200 µg/L. All other constituents tested for were within drinking water standards.

Evaluation as an aquifer

Yields from the Casselman Formation are adequate for domestic use, and wells sited in valleys may yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-use purposes.

Drilling deeper than 250 ft is unlikely to increase yield. Water from the formation will very probably be hard and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the SMCLs.

Glenshaw Formation

Description

The Glenshaw Formation extends upward from the to top of the Upper Freeport coal to the top of the Ames Limestone. Figure 28 shows a generalized section of the Glenshaw Formation in

Somerset County. It increases in thickness from south to north along the Youghiogheny and

Johnstown synclines from 325 to 380 feet and to the east in the Wellersburg syncline where it measures over 410 feet. The formation consists of repeated sequences of sandstone, siltstone, claystone, (including red beds), limestone, and coal. Numerous faunal zones occur within these sequences. Stratigraphically the most significant among them are the four major marine zones

66 that are, from lowest to

highest in stratigraphic

positions, the Brush Creek,

Pine Creek, Woods Run,

and Ames. Lithologically

the Brush Creek, Woods

Run and Ames appear as

thin, dark, micritic,

coquinite limestones

containing marine fossils

overlain by dark shale with

marine to brackish fossils.

The Pine Creek, while

occasionally appearing a

dark shale with brackish

fossils (Skema and others,

1991 and Shaulis 1993),

more typically occurs as a

Figure 28. Stratigraphic column of the Glenshaw Formation. greenish marine limestone overlain by reddish claystone containing marine to brackish fossils. The coal beds in the

Glenshaw Formation are sporadically mined throughout the county. However, the lower and upper Bakerstown, and the Ames (Harlem of Ohio) tend to be thicker, persistent, and more heavily mined toward the southeast.

67 Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 29 shows whisker diagrams of Glenshaw Formation well yields and depths. Table 10 summarizes the data. Domestic hilltop wells are significantly deeper and lower-yielding than domestic hillside and valley wells. Depths and yields of domestic hillside and valley wells are similar, as are depths for non-domestic hillside and valley wells. Non-domestic valley wells are shallower and yield more water than non-domestic hillside wells. Depths and yields of Glenshaw

Formation wells are similar to depths and yields of the other Pennsylvanian-age units in the county. Yields are similar to yields in the Mississippian and Devonian-age formations, and depths are slightly shallower.

Figure 30 shows water-bearing zone density for hilltop, hillside, and valley wells. For hilltop wells, density increases with depth to 200 ft, then seems to rapidly decrease. However, only three inventoried wells are greater than 300 ft deep. One of these wells, SO 443, is 403 ft deep, and has the only reported water-bearing zone at a depth greater than 300 ft. The water-bearing zone is

380 ft below the surface. The well also has a water-bearing zone at 108 ft. Yields of the water- bearing zones were not reported separately, so it is not known how much groundwater is derived from each water-bearing zone. The mean density of water-bearing zones for hilltop wells to 300 ft is 0.57 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth.

The greatest density of water-bearing zones for hillside wells is from 51 to 100 ft. However, density is quite constant to 300 ft. No water-bearing zones were reported below 300 ft, although six inventoried wells are greater than 300 ft deep. The mean density of water-bearing zones to

300 ft is 0.48 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth, which is close to that of hilltop wells.

68 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

i

e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0

dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley Figure 29. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Glenshaw Formation.

Table 10. Well statistics, Glenshaw Formation

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 1 1 1 135 Flat non-dom. 13 15 3 200 55 16 121 70 224 129 Hilltop dom. 13 6 1 25 8 14 195 74 403 208 Hilltop non-dom. 2 20 25 3 124 123 129 125 Hillside dom. 58 10 1 100 14 70 122 49 396 146 Hillside non-dom. 16 10 1 25 11 19 172 100 503 222 Valley dom. 23 12 3 100 23 25 93 50 364 126 Valley non-dom. 8 75 12 350 123 8 214 72 304 207 Upland Draw, dom. 2 3 10 2 70 304 Upland Draw, non- 00 dom.

69 Table 10. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 6 15 11 34 18 12 41 20 105 44 Hilltop 13 15 2 46 17 13 33 8 65 34 Hillside 73 18 5 60 21 84 31 20 352 42 Valley 21 19 8 51 23 32 32 21 150 42 Upland Draw 2 16 25 2 25 39

Valley wells’ mean density of 0.68 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth to 150 ft is greater than that of hilltop or hillside wells in the same depth range. Below 150 ft, 7 wells penetrated only 2 water-bearing zones. Because the two wells that penetrated water-bearing zones below 150 ft have multiple water-bearing zones, the yield of the deep water-bearing zones is not known.

Water Quality

Wells. Composite Stiff diagrams of well and spring water from the Glenshaw Formation are shown in figure 31. Well water from the Glenshaw Formation is a calcium bicarbonate type. Of the 46 wells sampled, eight yielded soft water, 20 moderately hard water, nine hard water, and nine very hard water. Only the Casselman Formation yielded harder water, and only the

Allegheny Group yielded equally hard water. Alkalinity, calcium and magnesium concentrations in groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation were equal to that of the Allegheny Group, and greater than in all other older geologic units (figures 24 and 25). As noted above, sulfate concentrations were similar for all Pennsylvanian-age units, and higher than in groundwater from older units (figure 25). Iron and manganese were present in excessive concentrations in two- thirds of the wells sampled. Statistically, iron concentrations were the same as iron concentrations from the Casselman Formation, Allegheny Group, and the Mauch

70 Number of wells in depth interval 10 10 6 5 3 3 1 40 1.50

1.00 th Hilltop wells p e

20 d 0.50 well f eet o

0 0.00 f

6

67 54 34 19 13 8 50 r

40 1.50 e p

Hillside wells Number of water-bearing zones 1.00 zones g 20 Mean density in r 0.50 -bea r

0 0.00 wate f Numberwater-bearing of zones

27 17 11 7 4 2 1 o 40 1.50 y

Valley wells ensit d 1.00 20 Mean 0.50

0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Depth interval, in feet below land surface Figure 30. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Glenshaw Formation.

71 Chunk Formation. They

were greater than iron

concentrations from the

Burgoon Sandstone,

Catskill Formation, and

Foreknobs Formation

(figure 27). Manganese

concentrations were

similar to manganese

concentrations in

groundwater from the

Casselman Formation,

Pottsville Group, Mauch

Chunk Formation,

Burgoon Sandstone, and

Foreknobs Formation,

lower than from the

Allegheny Group, and

higher than from the

Catskill Formation. Figure Figure 31. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation. 32 shows iron and manganese concentrations of the samples taken in Somerset County. If the concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations

72 fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the SMCL. Aluminum was present in concentrations exceeding the SMCL in 5 of the 19 wells sampled, a higher percentage than from any other unit in the county, but overall aluminum concentrations are similar for all units.

Springs. Spring water from the eight 10.00 springs sampled in the county is calcium-

)

L sulfate type. Only one of the springs sampled

/

g 1.00

m

(

e

s yielded water with a pH in compliance with

e

n

a

g

n 0.10 a the SMCL of greater than 6.5. SP 105 yielded

M water with a nitrate concentration more than

0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 twice the EPA MCL of 10 mg/L. Manganese Iron (mg/L) Figure 32. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentration was greater than the SMCL of concentrations for water samples collected in the Glenshaw Formation. Index lines denote SMCL. 50 µg/L in three of the samples. Iron concentration was greater than the SMCL of 300 µg/L in one sample.

Evaluation as an aquifer

The Glenshaw Formation yields adequate water for domestic supplies. Wells optimally sited will commonly yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-use purposes.

Drilling deeper than 300 ft is unlikely to increase yield. Water from the formation will probably be hard and acidic and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the SMCLs.

73 Allegheny Group

Description

The Allegheny Group ranges in thickness from 280 to 320 feet and includes strata from the base of the Brookville coal to the top of the upper Freeport coal. The outcrop belt is usually located along the lower flanks of the anticlines. Figure 33 is a generalized section for the interval in Somerset County. The Allegheny Group is composed primarily of clayshale, claystone, siltstone, sandstone, limestone, and coal. Freshwater limestone beds (commonly less than 5 feet thick) or calcareous claystone with limestone nodules often underlie the coal beds in the upper third of the group. The Johnstown limestone underlies the upper Kittanning coal and is stratigraphically the lowest limestone in the Pennsylvanian of Somerset County. Historically known as the “lower productive measures”, the Allegheny Group is characterized by the presence of economically significant coal beds. These coal beds or coal horizons (underclay) occur on the average at 50 foot intervals. Thickness of coal beds can vary from 0 to 9 feet but usually average a third or less of this range in total thickness. Sandstones are lenticular, fluvial channel deposits of fine-to medium-grained sandstone, sometimes conglomeratic, that average 10 to 30 feet in thickness but can coalesce to 100-foot thick sequences. The coalescing of sandstones usually occurs in the lower one third of the group and often accounts for a higher than average total for overall group thickness. Flint (1965) subdivided the group into three formations: (in descending stratigraphic order ) Freeport, Kittanning, and Clarion. Justification for this subdivision was based primarily on the persistence and homogeneity of coal beds and intra-formational units such as sandstones. New information has indicated that the coal beds are more discontinuous than originally thought and the sandstones are narrow channel deposits not useful for mapping, except on a very localized basis. Therefore, given the new data

74 available, it is suggested

that the Allegheny Group

should not be subdivided

into formations. However,

lithologic differences do

exist between the upper

one third and lower two

thirds of the group that are

worth noting. The upper

third of the group that

includes the strata from the

top of the upper Freeport

coal to the base of the

Johnstown limestone is

characterized by light gray

to gray clayshales

containing freshwater

fauna above the coal beds

and freshwater limestone Figure 33. Stratigraphic column of the Allegheny Group. beds beneath the coals.

The lower two thirds of the group, defined as lying between the base of the Johnstown limestone and the base of the Brookville coal, are distinguishable from the upper third by the presence of dark gray to black, brackish marine to marine shales overlying the coal beds and the absence of limestone. Spirifer and were found above the Clarion coal near Murdock, 75 Pa; (Shaulis, J. R., personal communication, 1996) and marine jellyfish were found at the same horizon near Reitz, Pa (Shaulis, 1987).

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 34 shows whisker diagrams of Allegheny Group well depths and yields. Table 11 summarizes the data. Hilltop wells are the deepest drilled in the group, and are similar in depth to hilltop wells in other units present in the county. Both domestic and non-domestic hillside wells are deeper than equivalent valley wells. Domestic hillside well depths are comparable with hillside well depths in the other Pennsylvanian-age units in Somerset County, and are shallower than hillside wells in Mississippian and Devonian units. Domestic valley well depths are similar to valley wells in all other units in the county, except for the Catskill Formation, which has deeper valley wells. Depths of non-domestic valley wells are similar to those in all other units except the Mauch Chunk Formation. Domestic hilltop wells have similar yields to domestic hillside wells. Valley wells have the highest yields in the Allegheny Group, with non-domestic wells having the highest yields of all wells drilled into the group. Domestic valley wells have yields equivalent to yields in the other units in the county. Non-domestic valley well yields are similar to the other Pennsylvanian-age units in the county and lower than yields from the

Burgoon Sandstone and Mauch Chunk Formation. There were insufficient non-domestic valley wells inventoried in the older units in the county to do a comparison.

Figure 35 shows water-bearing zone density for hilltop, hillside, and valley wells. The greatest density for hilltop wells is from 51 to 100 ft, but density is quite constant to 300 ft.

76 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

i

e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 34.-Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Allegheny Group. See figure 20 for explanation.

Table 11. Well statistics, Allegheny Group

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 1 20 1 250 Flat non-dom. 6 15 12 36 18 6 248 110 648 285 Hilltop dom. 16 7 1 30 12 16 238 120 510 267 Hilltop non-dom. 6 10 2 60 20 6 260 131 553 287 Hillside dom. 56 10 2 100 15 60 148 54 597 170 Hillside non-dom. 13 25 3 240 44 13 247 80 414 251 Valley dom. 28 18 1 60 24 28 90 39 445 107 Valley non-dom. 16 40 10 350 16 16 112 47 397 155 Upland Draw, dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, non- 2 15 20 2 98 170 dom.

77 Table 11. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 4 22 10 47 25 6 50 25 180 70 Hilltop 14 18 5 34 18 20 40 5 280 53 Hillside 57 15 4 50 18 71 30 11 228 42 Valley 32 20 5 43 20 40 38 20 60 36 Upland Draw 2 14 30 2 21 39

Average density for hilltop wells to 300 ft in depth is 0.38 water-bearing zones per 50 ft.

Hillside wells have nearly equal density per 50 ft interval down to 300 ft. None of the 5 inventoried wells deeper than 300 ft penetrated a water-bearing zone. The density of water- bearing zones per 50 ft to a depth of 300 ft is 0.56. The density of water-bearing zones in valley wells decreases with depth to 300 ft, then, for unknown reasons, increases. Only valley wells in the Burgoon Sandstone and the Mauch Chunk Formation have densities higher than the 0.66 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of the Allegheny Group.

Water Quality

Wells. Composite Stiff diagrams of well and spring water from the Allegheny Group are shown in figure 36. Well water from the Allegheny Group is a calcium bicarbonate type. Of the

31 wells sampled, six yielded soft water, 13 moderately hard water, nine hard water, and three very hard water. Only the Casselman Formation yielded harder water, and only the Glenshaw

Formation yielded equally hard water (figure 23). The pH of 10 of the samples was below the

SMCL of 6.5. One was greater than the SMCL of 8.5. Alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in groundwater from the Allegheny Group are equal to that of the Glenshaw

Formation, and greater than in all other lower geologic units (figures 24 and 25).

78 Number of wells in depth interval

20 20 16 13 10 8 5 40 1.50 h 1.00 t Hilltop wells p e

20 d 0.50 of of well t 0 0.00

64 54 27

37 15 8 5 50 fee r

40 1.50 e p Number of water-bearing zones Mean density 1.00 zones zones 20 Hillside wells g in r 0.50 -bea r e t 0 0.00 Numberwater-bearing of zones

34 18 5 4 333 wa of y

40 1.50 t ensi d Valley wells 1.00 20 Mean Mean 0.50

0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 35. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Allegheny Group.

79 Sulfate concentrations and

total dissolved solids are

similar for all

Pennsylvanian-age units

below the Casselman

Formation (figures 23 and

25). Iron was present in

concentrations greater than

the SMCL of 300 µg/L in

69 percent of the wells

sampled, and manganese

was present in

concentrations greater than

the SMCL of 50 µg/L in 81

percent of the samples.

Figure 37 shows iron and

manganese concentrations

of the samples taken in

Somerset County. If the Figure 36. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Allegheny Group. concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the SMCL. Lead in two

80 samples was greater than the MCL of 15 µg/L, and one sample exceeded the MCL for cadmium

of 5 µg/L. The wells were not resampled to

check the accuracy of the first analysis.

10.00 Springs. Water from 5 springs sampled

)

L

/

g 1.00 in Somerset County was calcium

m

(

e

s

e

n magnesium sulfate type. Total

a

g

n 0.10

a M mineralization is low. All of the springs

0.01 sampled yielded water with a pH below the 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Iron (mg/L) SMCL of 6.5. The only constituent present Figure 37.Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected in the in objectionable concentrations was Allegheny Group. Index lines denote SMCL. manganese. Two of the springs had concentrations of manganese greater than the SMCL of 50 µg/L.

Evaluation as an Aquifer

The Allegheny Group yields adequate water for domestic supplies. Wells properly sited will commonly yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-use purposes.

Drilling deeper than 350 ft is unlikely to increase yield. Water from the formation will probably be hard, may be acidic, and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the

SMCLs.

81 Pottsville Group

Description

The Pottsville Group underlies most of Somerset County. Figure 38 shows a generalized section of the Pottsville Group in Somerset County. Rocks of the Pottsville Group lie unconformably on top of the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation and extend upward to the

base of the underclay

beneath the Brookville

coal. They consist mainly

of well cemented,

medium-grained to

conglomeratic sandstone

beds (ranging in thickness

from 10 to 70 feet), with

minor amounts of

siltstone, claystone, thin

discontinuous coals, and

no limestones. Because it

contains the most resistant

rock units outcropping in

the county it tends to be a

ridge former and caps most

of the highest points,

Figure 38. Stratigraphic column of the Pottsville Group. including the highest point

82 in Pennsylvania, Mount Davis (3213 feet above sea level). The group was subdivided to the northwest in Mercer County (Poth,1963) into four formations: the Sharon, Connoquenessing,

Mercer, and Homewood. Flint (1965) and Richardson (1934) recognized elements of these formations but did not attempt to map them. No further progress in identifying these units on a formational basis has been made in Somerset County. However, recent acquisitions of core drilling data have made it possible to recognize significant changes in total thickness of the group. Total thickness ranges from 275 to 50 feet. Variations of 100 feet in thickness were noted in locations only one mile apart. This variability appears to be occurring in the basal portion of the group. Mining of coal in the Pottsville is limited to surface mining in a few isolated areas.

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 39 shows whisker diagrams for Pottsville Group wells located on hillsides. Too few wells were inventoried in other topographic settings to warrant construction of whisker diagrams for topographic settings other than hillsides. Table 12 summarizes data for wells in the Pottsville

Groups. Because of the small number of wells inventoried in topographic settings other than hillsides, comparisons could be made only with hillside wells in other units in the county.

Pottsville Group domestic hillside well depths are similar to those in the other Pennsylvanian-age units in the county, and shallower than in older units. Depths and yields of non-domestic wells are statistically the same as depths and yields of non-domestic wells in all other units in the county, but because of the small number of samples, these results may not be valid.

Figure 40 shows water-bearing zone density for Pottsville Group hillside wells. Because of a

83 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

i

e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 39. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and uses, Pottsville Group. See figure 20 for explanation.

Table 12. Well statistics, Pottsville Group

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 0 0 Flat non-dom. 0 0 Hilltop dom. 3 12 1 30 14 3 145 120 430 232 Hilltop non-dom. 1 6 1 131 Hillside dom. 12 8 3 80 17 15 103 63 297 127 Hillside non-dom. 8 24 11 48 25 8 288 45 450 252 Valley dom. 2 20 60 2 90 220 Valley non-dom. 5 304 170 500 321 5 278 128 597 351 Upland Draw, dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, non- 1 100 1 224 dom.

84 Table 12. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 0 0 Hilltop 3 9 6 22 12 3 30 21 32 28 Hillside 16 14 3 43 15 19 21 20 311 42 Valley 5 25 10 53 27 7 45 30 173 59 Upland Draw 0 1 120 paucity of data, water-bearing zone density is not shown for other topographic settings. All but one of the water-bearing zones are 150 ft or less below the surface.

Water Quality

Wells. Figure 41 shows composite Stiff diagrams of well and spring water from the Pottsville

Group. Well water from the Pottsville Group is calcium bicarbonate type. Half of the wells sampled yielded soft water, the other half yielded moderately hard water. Groundwater from the

Pottsville Group is softer than from any other Pennsylvania-age unit in the county, and

Number of wells in depth interval 14 11 5 3 2 2 1 40 1.50 th p e d Number of water-bearing zones 1.00 Mean density 20 Hillside wells 50 feet of well well of 50 feet

0.50 r e p

0 0.00 Number of water-bearing zones water-bearing of Number 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Mean density ofwater-bearing zones Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 40. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Pottsville Group.

85 similar in softness to

groundwater from the older

units present in the county

(figure 23). Two of the

wells sampled yielded

water with pH’s below the

SMCL of 6.5. Alkalinity of

groundwater from the

Pottsville Group in

Somerset County was lower

than in groundwater from

the Casselman and

Glenshaw Formations and

similar to the alkalinity of

groundwater from the other

geologic units in Somerset

County (figure 24).

Calcium concentrations

Figure 41. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of were lower than in groundwater from the Pottsville Group. groundwater from other

Pennsylvanian-age units, and similar to calcium concentrations in groundwater from all lower units (figure 24). Magnesium concentrations were the same as for all other units in the county, except for the Casselman Formation, which had higher concentrations (figure 25). Sulfate

86 concentrations were similar to sulfate concentrations in groundwater from other Pennsylvania- age units, and higher than in groundwater from older units (figure 25). Iron concentrations in groundwater from the Pottsville Group were greater than in groundwater from the Casselman

Formation, Burgoon Sandstone, Catskill Formation, and Foreknobs Formation, and similar to iron concentrations in groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation, Allegheny Group and Mauch

Chunk Formation. The SMCL of 300 µg/L was exceeded in 6 of the 8 samples. Manganese concentrations of groundwater from the Pottsville Group were similar to groundwater from all other units in the county except for the Catskill Formation, which had a lower concentration of manganese. Five of the 8 samples of groundwater from the Pottsville Group in Somerset County had manganese in excess of the SMCL. Figure 42 shows iron and manganese concentrations of the samples taken in Somerset County. If the concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the SMCL. No other constituents had concentrations greater than established drinking water standards.

Springs Water from the four sampled springs in Somerset County is calcium magnesium sulfate type. Total mineralization is low. All of the springs yielded water with a pH below the SMCL of

6.5, three yielded water with manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL of 50 µg/L, and water from one spring had an aluminum concentration of more than the SMCL of 200 µg/L.

87 The low pH’s are probably a result of

10.00 low pH precipitation in Pennsylvania (E.

) C. Witt, III, U. S. Geological Survey,

L

/

g 1.00

m

(

e written commun., 1990) and a dearth of

s

e

n

a

g

n 0.10 alkaline material in the predominantly

a

M sandstone Pottsville Group. Dissolution

0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 of alkaline material by groundwater Iron (mg/L) moving through the rock raises pH. All Figure 42. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from the other constituents tested met drinking Pottsville Group Index lines denote SMCL. water SMCL’s or MCL’s.

Evaluation as an Aquifer

Properly sited wells in the Pottsville Group are capable of yielding large volumes of groundwater suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-use purposes. The water may be acidic and high in iron and manganese.

Mauch Chunk Formation

Description

The top of the Mauch Chunk Formation is unconformable with the overlying Pottsville

Group. The base is the top of the Loyalhanna Formation. It crops out on Laurel Hill, Negro

Mountain, the , the flanks of the Deer Park anticline, the confluence of the Stony

Creek River and Paint Creek, and the east flank of the Wellersburg syncline. The unit contains a sequence of red shale, green shale, sandstone, minor siltstone, and the Wymps Gap and Deer

Valley limestones. According to Flint (1965), about 50 percent of the Mauch Chunk beds are red

88 in color, 35 percent are gray to light gray, and 15 percent are green to greenish gray. The sandstones are brown, gray, and white (Hoque, 1968). Some are calcareous. The percentage of non-shale beds in the county is highly variable. Figure 43 shows the frequency distribution of non-shale beds. The figure uses data from gas well gamma logs (from which sandstone cannot be discerned from limestone) and geologist-logged water wells. Percentage ranges from 7 to 55 percent. There is no correlation between percent of sandstone and thickness of the unit. More sandstone is present in the lower part of the unit, but the uppermost sandstones in the wells studied ranged from 5 ft to 328 ft below the top. Flint (1965) reported that the Wymps Gap limestone lies about 175 ft above the base of the Mauch Chunk Formation in the Negro

Figure 43. Percent frequency of non-shale beds in the Mauch Chunk Formation.

89 Mountain area, with the interval thinning to 30 feet at the Youghiogheny River Gap in Laurel

Hill. It is generally 15 to 20 ft thick. The limestone has been quarried in Somerset County and is highly fossiliferous. The Deer Valley limestone lies at the base of the Mauch Chunk Formation.

In Pennsylvania, it is present only in southern Fayette, Somerset and Bedford counties.

Maximum thickness is 16 ft. It has been quarried on Negro Mountain. Figure 44 is the log of well

SO 238, showing typical stratigraphy of the Mauch Chunk Formation. The log was supplied by

James R. Casselberry.

Because of erosional beveling, the Mauch Chunk Formation generally thins to the north and west. It is about 800 ft thick in southeastern Somerset County (de Witt, 1974), thinning to 180 ft in the northwestern corner of the county. Analysis of gamma logs from gas wells in the county shows that the unit thickens considerably in west-central Somerset County. The reason for this is not known, but may be structurally related (R. T. Faill, pers. commun.). Figure 45 shows the locations of thickness measurements of the Mauch Chunk Formation in the county.

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 46 shows whisker diagrams of Mauch Chunk Formation non-domestic well depths and yields on hillsides and in valleys. Table 13 summarizes the data. The Mauch Chunk

Formation is the only unit in Somerset County in which more non-domestic than domestic wells were inventoried. This is a consequence of the relative remoteness of the formation and its exploitation by high-volume users. All 34 of the inventoried non-domestic wells were drilled for public supplies.

Hillside non-domestic wells have yields equivalent to similar wells in the Glenshaw

Formation and Allegheny Group, but are deeper. Yields are lower than hillside non-domestic wells in the Burgoon Sandstone, and equal in depth. Valley non-domestic wells have higher

90 yields than any other unit in the county,

except for the Burgoon Sandstone.

These wells are deeper than those in the

Casselman Formation, Glenshaw

Formation and Allegheny Group, and

similar in depth to Burgoon Sandstone

wells. The median transmissivity

measured at the 9 non-domestic valley

wells for which data were available was

6,500 gpd/ft, ranging from 1,500 gpd to

27,500 gpd/ft.

Four wells in Deeters Gap, an upland

draw, supply the borough of Berlin.

These wells range in depth from 65 ft to

224 ft. The reported yields of the wells

ranged from 75 gal/min to 110 gal/min,

but well SO 264 was successfully pump

tested at 230 gal/min. Wells SO 262 and

SO 264 have been used to conduct

aquifer pumping tests. Analysis of the

results revealed a transmissivity was

15,000 gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft)

Figure 44. Geologic log of well SO 238, showing typical stratigraphy of the Mauch Chunk Formation.

91 Figure 45. Thicknesses of the Mauch Chunk Formation from gas and water wells, in feet.

at well SO 262; transmissivity at SO 264 was 8,100 gpd/ft. These wells could probably be deepened for higher yields, but as there are no other data for Mauch Chunk Formation wells drilled on upland draws, this is not certain.

92 Figure 47 shows water-bearing zone density for hillside and valley wells. Hillside wells have evenly distributed water-bearing zones to 250 ft (density equals 0.45 water-bearing zones per 50

1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

i

e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 46. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Mauch Chunk Formation. See figure 20 for explanation. Table 13. Well statistics, Mauch Chunk Formation

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 1 20 1 50 Flat non-dom. 0 0 Hilltop dom. 1 4 2 420 490 Hilltop non-dom. 0 0 Hillside dom. 3 15 10 15 13 3 149 62 150 120 Hillside non-dom. 9 38 2 100 40 9 350 175 697 367 Valley dom. 3 230 20 300 183 3 81 67 164 104 Valley non-dom. 18 185 2 800 260 18 352 105 472 350 Upland Draw, dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, non- 3 75 75 110 87 1 124 dom.

93 Table 13. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max Mean . Flat 1 19 1 27 Hilltop 1 20 2 40 42 Hillside 8 13 6 21 13 10 52 20 232 93 Valley 11 18 4 45 21 21 55 16 220 64 Upland Draw 2 24 73 1 41 ft), but this is based on only 8 wells, and only 4 of these wells are deeper than 150 ft. There are two inventoried hillside wells in Somerset County that have water-bearing zones reported at depths greater than 350 ft, but yields from these water-bearing zones are low, about 4 gal/min.

Valley wells in the Mauch Chunk Formation have the second highest density of any valley wells in the county, 0.71. Only Burgoon Sandstone valley wells have a higher density. The density is greatest from 50 ft to 150 ft, but is still substantial to 350 ft. Of the 6 wells deeper than

350 ft, only one penetrated a water-bearing zone deeper than 350 ft.

Water Quality

Wells. Groundwater from the Mauch Chunk Formation is calcium-bicarbonate type. Figure

48 shows the composite Stiff diagrams for well and spring water from the Mauch Chunk

Formation in Somerset County. Of the 9 wells sampled, 4 yielded soft water and 5 yielded moderately hard water. Well SO 275 yielded groundwater with a pH below the SMCL. All other pH’s were acceptable. In 4 of the 9 samples, iron concentration was greater than the SMCL of

300 µg/L, and 6 of the samples had manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL of 50 µg/L.

Water from well SO 143 had an aluminum concentration more than 10 times the SMCL of 200

µg/L. All other constituents tested were

94 th

Number of wells in depth interval p e d 8764443 40 2.00 well f 1.50 eet o eet

Hillside wells f 20 1.00 50 r e p 0.50

0 0.00 zones g in

18 16 15 12 12 12 6 r 40 2.00 a -be Number of water-bearing zones r 1.50 te Mean density a w f Number of water-bearing zones water-bearing of Number

20 1.00 o

Valley wells y

0.50 ensit d n

0 0.00 a 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Me Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 47. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Mauch Chunk Formation. within acceptable limits. Total dissolved solids in groundwater from the Mauch Chunk

Formation were lower than in groundwater from the Casselman Formation and similar to all other formations sampled in the county (figure 23). The water was softer than groundwater from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation, and the Allegheny Group, and equal in hardness to groundwater from all other formations sampled (figure 23). Water from the Mauch Chunk

Formation had lower alkalinity than groundwater from the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations, similar alkalinity to groundwater from the Allegheny Group, Pottsville Group, Catskill

Formation, and Foreknobs Formation, and higher alkalinity than groundwater from the Burgoon

Sandstone (figure 24).

95 Nitrate concentrations

were similar to those in all

other units except the

Burgoon Sandstone,

which was lower. Only

the Casselman Formation

yielded groundwater with

more calcium than the

Mauch Chunk Formation,

all other units had similar

concentrations.

Magnesium

concentrations were lower

than groundwater from

the Casselman Formation,

Glenshaw Formation, and

Allegheny Group, and

similar to those in all

other units (figure 25). Figure 48. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Mauch Chunk Formation. There were no significant

differences in concentrations of sodium, potassium, or chloride. Sulfate concentrations in groundwater from the

Mauch Chunk Formation were lower than in groundwater from the Casselman, Glenshaw and

96 Catskill Formations, and equal to concentrations from other sampled units (figure 25). Figure 49 shows iron and manganese concentrations of the samples taken in Somerset County. If the concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL.

If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the

SMCL. Although the Mauch Chunk Formation has become known for yielding groundwater low in iron and manganese, analysis did not show any significant differences with groundwater from the other units sampled. This may be a consequence of the small number of samples. When samples from Somerset, Cambria, and Fayette Counties were combined, iron and manganese concentrations in groundwater from the Mauch Chunk Formation were similar to iron and manganese concentrations from the

Casselman Formation and Glenshaw

Formation, and lower than concentrations 10.00 from the Allegheny Group and Pottsville

)

L

/

g 1.00 Group. A study by Casselberry (1997) made

m

(

e

s

e

n available after data analysis for this report was

a

g

n 0.10

a

M completed, and using data unavailable at the

time of analysis, showed iron and manganese 0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Iron (mg/L) concentrations in groundwater from the

Figure 49. Cross plot of iron and manganese Mauch Chunk Formation were lower than in concentrations for water samples collected from the Mauch Chunk Formation. Index lines denote groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation, SMCL. Pottsville Group and Burgoon Sandstone.

None of the other tests showed any significant differences.

97 Springs Groundwater from the four springs sampled is of good quality. The Stiff diagram

(figure 48) shows low total mineralization, and none of the MCLs or SMCLs were exceeded in any of the samples. However, three of the samples had pH’s below the SMCL of 6.5.

Evaluation as an Aquifer

The Mauch Chunk Formation is a valuable aquifer. Properly sited wells are capable of large yields of good quality water. It is being exploited by many communities in Somerset County.

Some wells drilled into the Mauch Chunk Formation may yield groundwater with iron and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCLs.

Loyalhanna Formation

The Loyalhanna Formation is a Mississippian-age, intensely cross-bedded sandy limestone that underlies the Mauch Chunk Formation. The cross-bedding is prominently displayed on weathered surfaces. Outcrops are on Laurel Hill, Mount Davis, the Casselman River Gorge west of Garrett, the flanks of the Deer Park anticline, and the Allegheny Front. At one outcrop, on Rte.

31 near Kooser State Park, and in the middle of the unit, there is a limestone exposed for a length of about 40 ft that displays no bedding. It may be a paleokarst feature that was subsequently filled in (William E. Kochanov, pers. commun.). The approximately 50 ft thick Loyalhanna Formation is in sharp contact with the underlying Burgoon Sandstone. In southern Somerset County, it is predominantly red in color, and to the north it is light gray. The red color is caused by interstitial hematite and hematite coating of clastic grains (Flint, 1965, p 29). is the dominant (95 percent) constituent of the sand in the Loyalhanna Formation. Calcite/quartz ratios range from

15/85 to 73/27 (Flint, 1965, p 37). The Loyalhanna Formation has been extensively quarried in

Somerset County.

Well SO 527 is the only domestic well inventoried that taps the Loyalhanna Formation. It is

102 ft deep, and yields 20 gal/min. Public supply wells SO 153 and SO 225 derive most of their 98 water from the Loyalhanna Formation. The driller’s log initially showed that SO 153 yielded more than 1,900 gal/min from the Loyalhanna Formation, and SO 225 yielded more than 1,400 gal/min from the Loyalhanna Formation, although subsequent testing of the well gave a lower yield. The Loyalhanna Formation is known to be cavernous (Shaffner, 1958, p. 45). These wells almost certainly intersected caverns. Figure 50 presents median chemical characteristics of groundwater from SO 527 and SO 153. The water is calcium-bicarbonate type, and of excellent quality. Spring 142 was the only one of the 5 springs inventoried to be sampled. It yielded calcium-bicarbonate water of excellent quality.

If a well intercepts a cavern in the Loyalhanna Formation, it will probably yield large volumes of high-quality water. It is not currently possible to locate the presence of sub-water table caverns.

Burgoon Sandstone

Description

The Burgoon Sandstone is a cross-bedded, quartzitic sandstone with some within 16 ft of its base. It contains minor siltstone. It is 300 ft thick, and crops out on Laurel Hill from Seven Springs north, Mount Davis, the Casselman River Gorge west of Garrett, the flanks of the Deer Park anticline, and the Allegheny Front. The basal sandstone and conglomerate is very light gray to medium light gray. The sandstone above the basal member is gray and fine-to medium-grained. Extensive pitting is common on weathered boulders derived from the very top of the formation. Contacts with the overlying Loyalhanna Formation and the underlying

Rockwell Formation are sharp and conformable (Faill and others, 1989). There is a flagstone

99 quarry in the Burgoon

Sandstone 2 miles north

of the east portal of the

Pennsylvania Turnpike

Allegheny Mountain

tunnel.

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 51 shows

whisker diagrams of

Burgoon Sandstone well

yields and depths. Table

14 summarizes the data.

Data are insufficient to

Figure 50. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of draw diagrams for hilltop groundwater from the Loyalhanna Formation. wells. Hillside non- domestic wells have the greatest depths in the unit, followed by domestic hillside wells. Non- domestic hillside wells have the highest yield in the county for non-domestic hillside wells.

Valley non-domestic wells have yields greater than from all other units in the county except the

Mauch Chunk Formation.

100 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

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e

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f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

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i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 51. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Burgoon Sandstone. See figure 20 for explanation.

Table 14. Well statistics, Burgoon Sandstone

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 0 0 Flat non-dom. 0 0 Hilltop dom. 0 0 Hilltop non-dom. 1 6 1 227 Hillside dom. 11 8 5 20 9 11 183 95 245 172 Hillside non-dom. 7 280 10 430 228 7 302 178 575 326 Valley dom. 7 50 5 135 57 7 110 72 140 108 Valley non-dom. 7 75 68 1000 248 7 174 100 602 243 Upland Draw, dom. 2 6 10 2 164 172 Upland Draw, non- 00 dom.

101 Table 14. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 0 0 Hilltop 1 13 1 21 Hillside 13 32 12 56 32 17 40 23 70 42 Valley 10 34 11 63 35 12 47 12 100 52 Upland Draw 2 8 16 2 33 34

Figure 52 shows water-bearing zone density for hillside and valley wells. Data are insufficient for hilltop wells. Hillside wells have their highest density in the 51-150 ft range, but density is high down to 250 ft averaging 0.70 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth. While no water-bearing zones were penetrated between 251 and 300 ft by the four wells that were more than 300 ft deep, substantial yields were derived by wells SO 239 and SO 460 from water- bearing zones below 350 ft. The deepest reported water-bearing zone is in SO460, at 536 ft. This water-bearing zone yields 70 gal/min.

Valley wells have the highest average density (0.90 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth) in Somerset County. Density decreases steadily with depth to 250 ft. A pronounced spike in density occurs in the 251-300 ft interval, with two wells intersecting five water-bearing zones.

Four of these water-bearing zones are in one well, SO 234, which yields 175 gal/min.

Water Quality

Wells. Well water from the Burgoon Sandstone is a calcium bicarbonate type, as shown on figure 53, which shows composite Stiff diagrams for groundwater from wells and springs.

Dissolved solids in water from the five wells tested were low. Of the 10 wells sampled, six yielded soft water and four yielded moderately hard water. Groundwater from the Burgoon

102 h t p

Number of wells in depth interval e d 16 16 12 12 743 20 2.50

2.00 of well Hillside wells Number of water-bearing zones t Mean density 1.50 10 50 fee r

1.00 e p 0.50

0 0.00 zones g in

10 9 7 3221 r 40 2.50 -bea r

2.00 e Valley wells t Number of water-bearing zones 1.50

20 of wa y

1.00 t

0.50 ensi d 0 0.00 0-5051-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Mean Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 52. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Burgoon Sandstone.

Sandstone was softer than groundwater from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation, and Allegheny Group, and similar in hardness to groundwater from the Pottsville Group, Mauch

Chunk Formation, Catskill Formation, and Foreknobs Formation (figure 23). Of the eight samples that had their pH measured, six had pH’s below the SMCL of 6.5. Iron was greater than the SMCL of 300 µg/L in three samples, and manganese was greater than the SMCL of

103 50 µg/L in seven samples.

Figure 54 shows iron and

manganese concentrations

of the samples taken in

Somerset County. If the

concentrations fall in the

lower left quadrant, both

iron and manganese are

lower than the SMCL. If

the concentrations fall in

the upper right quadrant,

both iron and manganese

are higher than the SMCL.

Iron concentrations were

lower than in groundwater

from the Casselman

Formation, Allegheny

Group, and the Pottsville

Group, and similar to Figure 53. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone. concentrations in groundwater from the Mauch Chunk Formation, Catskill Formation, and Foreknobs Formation

(figure 26). Manganese concentration comparisons were the same as for iron, except that manganese concentrations in groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone were equal to

104 concentrations of manganese in groundwater from the Casselman Formation (figure 26). Water in well SO 460 had a concentration of lead greater than the MCL of 15 µg/L and a concentration of aluminum greater than the SMCL of 200 µg/L. Well SO 460 derives all of its water from the

10.00 deepest water-bearing zone reported for the

formation, at 536 ft. The high levels of lead and

)

L

/

g 1.00

m

(

aluminum may be related to the long residence

e

s

e

n

a

g time of the groundwater. The sample was

n 0.10

a M collected during a pumping test of the unused

0.01 well. Because the pump was removed at the end 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Iron (mg/L) of the test, the well could not be resampled. All . Figure 54. Cross plot of iron and manganese other parameters tested were within USEPA concentrations for water samples collected in the Burgoon Sandstone. Index lines denote SMCL. standards. Groundwater from the Burgoon

Sandstone was less alkaline than groundwater from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw

Formation, Allegheny Group Mauch Chunk Formation and Foreknobs Formation, and similar in alkalinity to groundwater from the Pottsville Group and Catskill Formation (figure 24). Calcium and magnesium test results were similar to the alkalinity tests, except calcium and magnesium concentrations were similar in groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone, Mauch Chunk

Formation, and Foreknobs Formation (figures 24 and 25). Sulfate concentrations in groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone were lower than from any other unit, other than the Mauch Chunk

Formation (figure 25). The other tests revealed no significant differences between groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone and the other units in Somerset County.

Springs. Water from the three springs sampled is calcium sulfate type (figure 53), with low total dissolved solids. Water from SP 108 had a pH below the SMCL of 6.5 and iron and

105 aluminum concentrations slightly above the SMCLs of 300 µg/L and 200 µg/L. All other constituents tested for were within drinking water standards.

Evaluation as an aquifer

Optimally sited wells in the Burgoon Sandstone are capable of large yields. Wells drilled into the Burgoon Sandstone are likely to yield groundwater with a low pH and iron or manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL.

Rockwell Formation

The Mississippian-Devonian age Rockwell Formation consists of sandstone, some conglomerate, and shale. It has not been described in detail in Somerset County. Few outcrops of it were observed in the County, but those seen were generally gray to purplish-red in the upper two-thirds of the formation, and purplish-red in the lower third (James R. Shaulis, pers. commun). Its upper contact with the Burgoon Sandstone is conformable, as is its lower contact with the Catskill Formation. Prior to 1979, it was mapped as the lower member of the Pocono

Formation, and is the lateral equivalent of the Huntley Mountain and Spechty Kopf Formations

(Berg and Edmunds, 1979). It is about 300 ft thick, and crops out on Laurel Hill in northwestern

Somerset County, the Youghiogheny Gorge where the river cuts through Laurel Hill, along

Whites Creek where it crosses the Negro Mountain anticline, the flanks of the Deer Park

Anticline, and the Allegheny Front. Only two wells drilled into the Rockwell Formation were inventoried. SO 617 is 73 ft deep, with no reported yield. The well was sampled for major ions, and the water had a manganese concentration of 119 µg/L, more than twice the SMCL. SO618 is

110 ft deep, with a reported yield of 30 gal/min. The well had water-bearing zones reported at 28,

35, and 78 ft.

Because of its remote, limited outcrop in rugged terrain, the Rockwell Formation is not considered to be a valuable aquifer in Somerset County. Taylor and others (1983) reported that in 106 the West Branch basin the formation had yields equal to that of the Burgoon

Sandstone and that about half of the wells yielded water with iron and manganese concentrations in excess of the SMCLs.

Catskill Formation

Description

The Devonian-age Catskill Formation consists of shale, sandstone, mudrock, and siltstone.

Some of the sandstones are conglomeratic. It is dominantly grayish red to dusky red, locally splotched and mottled greenish gray to grayish yellow. The sandstone is fine-to medium-grained and locally conglomeratic, in beds 0.5 in. to 4 ft thick. The siltstone is micaceous, argillaceous, and commonly thin bedded. The mudrock is lumpy to evenly bedded, micaceous, commonly silty, and grades upward into shale. The shale marks the top of cyclic units, which are common in the Catskill Formation. Fossils are uncommon in the unit, but plant, pelecypod and fossils have been found (Flint, 1965, p. 23), and recently fish fossils were also found

(Wegweiser, 1994). The top of the unit is defined as the highest dominantly red bed sequence.

Because the lower third of the overlying Rockwell Formation is also red in Somerset County, mapping the formation can be difficult. The contact with the underlying Foreknobs Formation is gradational. The base of the formation is defined as where the beds become less than 50 per cent redbeds (Wegweiser, 1994, p. 200). The Catskill Formation crops out in the Youghiogheny

Gorge where the river cuts through Laurel Hill and in the Deer Park anticline. It does not crop out along Whites Creek, as shown by Flint (1965). The formation is about 1600 ft thick in Somerset

County, and thins to the west (Flint, 1965, p. 22).

107 Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 55 shows whisker diagrams of Catskill Formation well depths and yields. Table 15 summarizes the data. Very few non-domestic wells have been inventoried, largely because the areas where the formation crops out are remote and relatively inaccessible for industrial users.

Hillside and valley domestic wells had nearly equal yields, but valley wells were significantly shallower than hillside wells. Hillside yields were comparable with other units in the county, but valley yields were significantly lower than from other units, except for the Foreknobs Formation.

Figure 56 shows water-bearing zone density for hillside and valley wells. Data were insufficient for hilltop wells. Water-bearing zone density for hillside wells is evenly distributed to 350 ft, with an average density of 0.46 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth. No hillside wells inventoried in the county are deeper than 350 ft, so it is not known if it is feasible to drill deeper.

Only one valley well is deeper than 200 ft. Density of water-bearing zones to 200 ft is high, 0.78 water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth.

Water Quality

Wells. Well water from the Catskill Formation is sodium-potassium bicarbonate type (figure 57).

Of the 16 water samples tested for hardness, 11 were soft, and five were moderately hard.

Hardness was lower in groundwater from the Catskill Formation than in groundwater from the

Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and Allegheny Group (figure 23). Of the 11 samples tested for pH, two were lower than the SMCL of 6.5. Nitrates in two of 17 samples were greater than the MCL of 10 mg/L and overall were higher than in groundwater from all other units in

108 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

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a

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,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

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p

e

e

i

Y D 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 55. Distribution of well yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Catskill Formation. See figure 20 for explanation.

Table 15. Well statistics, Catskill Formation

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 0 0 Flat non-dom. 0 0 Hilltop dom. 1 10 1 207 Hilltop non-dom. 0 0 Hillside dom. 19 10 2 80 16 19 220 91 350 222 Hillside non-dom. 1 28 1 231 Valley dom. 22 8 3 30 11 23 145 55 400 149 Valley non-dom. 3 8 7 15 10 4 102 40 144 97 Upland Draw, dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, non- 00 dom.

109 Table 15. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max Mean . Flat 0 0 Hilltop 1 25 1 42 Hillside 14 21 4 42 20 20 30 21 150 39 Valley 21 16 4 44 17 25 23 20 84 30 Upland Draw 0 0 h Number of wells in depth interval 18 18 17 13 5 3 2 40 1.50

Number of water-bearing zones Hillside wells Mean density 1.00 20 0.50

0 0.00

10 9 7 3 221 40 1.50

Number of water-bearing of Number zones Valley wells 1.00 20 0.50

0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Mean densityMean of water-bearingzones per 50 feet of well dept Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 56. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of depth for wells in the Catskill Formation.

110 the county, except for the

Foreknobs Formation.

Well SO 634 had a

concentration of arsenic

of 54.01 µg/L, more than

10 times the MCL of 5

µg/L. The well was not

resampled to check the

accuracy of the analysis.

Iron concentrations in 2 of

17 samples were greater

than the SMCL of 300

µg/L, and one sample had

a manganese

concentration greater than

the SMCL of 50 µg/L.

Figure 58 shows iron and

manganese concentrations

of the samples taken in

Figure 57. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of Somerset County. If the groundwater from the Catskill Formation. concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the

111 SMCL. All other constituents tested for were 10.00 within drinking water standards. Alkalinity,

)

L

/

g 1.00

m

(

calcium, and magnesium in groundwater from

e

s

e

n

a

g

n 0.10 the Catskill Formation were lower than in

a

M groundwater from the Casselman Formation, 0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Iron (mg/L) Glenshaw Formation, Allegheny Group and

Figure 58. Iron and manganese concentrations, Pottsville Group, and similar to that of the for water samples collected from the Catskill Formation. Index lines denote SMCL. Mauch Chunk Formation, Burgoon Sandstone and Foreknobs Formation (figures 24 and 25). Sodium concentrations in Catskill-derived groundwater were higher than in groundwater from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw

Formation, Allegheny Group, Pottsville Group and Burgoon Sandstone. Potassium concentrations were higher than concentrations in groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone, and lower than concentrations in groundwater from the Foreknobs Formation. Sulfate concentrations in groundwater from the Catskill Formation were lower than in groundwater from the Casselman

Formation and Glenshaw Formation, equal to concentrations from the Allegheny Group,

Pottsville Group, and Foreknobs Formation, and greater than concentrations from the Mauch

Chunk Formation and Burgoon Sandstone (figure 25). Iron concentrations in groundwater from the Catskill Formation were lower than concentrations in all of the Pennsylvanian-age units, and similar to the Mississippian and Devonian-age units (figure 26). Manganese concentrations were lower than in groundwater from any other unit in the county (figure 26). Aluminum concentrations were equal to those from all other units except the Glenshaw Formation, which yielded groundwater with higher concentrations.

112 Springs. Only one spring was sampled. It had a concentration of nitrate of 10.7 mg/L, slightly over the MCL of 10 mg/L. All other parameters tested were within drinking water standards.

Evaluation as an Aquifer

Yields from the Catskill Formation are more than adequate for domestic use. Nitrates may be a problem, but otherwise the formation yields the best quality groundwater in Somerset County.

Elsewhere in Pennsylvania, the formation produces volumes of groundwater marginally adequate for non-domestic use (Taylor and others, 1982, p. 56, and Taylor and others, 1983, p. 60). The formation’s distance from population centers make it unlikely it will be exploited to any great extent by high-volume users.

Foreknobs Formation

Description

The Devonian-age Foreknobs Formation is overlain by the Catskill Formation underlain by the Scherr Formation. The lower contact is unconformable (Wegweiser, 1994, p. 195). Dennison

(1970) and McGhee and Dennison (1976) proposed dividing the formation into five members, but the members are not in general use. Wegweiser (1994) divided the formation into three unnamed members. The following descriptions are from Wegweiser.

Wegweiser’s upper member of the Foreknobs Formation is approximately 100-150 ft thick. It consists of trough-cross-bedded conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Sandstones are brown to grayish red and frequently iron stained. An upper sandstone forms the gradational contact with the Catskill Formation. The basal unit of the upper member is a trough-cross-bedded sandstone, approximately 20 to 50 ft thick.

The middle member has bedding that is less laterally continuous than the lower member.

Laterally continuous shale is interbedded with siltstone lenses. The member has ball-and-pillow structures, asymmetrical ripples, cuspate ripples, cross lamination and graded bedding. Silty 113 shales and siltstone are moderate brown in color. The siltstone beds are commonly very fossiliferous. The member also contains trough cross-stratified interbedded siltstone and sandstone.

The approximately 450 ft thick lower member lies unconformably on the underlying Scherr

Formation. The member contains interbedded siltstone and shale which are olive gray, greenish gray, and occasionally brown, sandstone, and conglomerates at the base and near the top of the member. The conglomerates have trough cross-bedding and cross-stratification bedding and climbing ripples.

Water-Bearing Properties

Figure 59 shows whisker diagrams of Foreknobs Formation well yields and depths. Table 16 summarizes the data. As with the Catskill Formation, very few non-domestic wells were inventoried.

Too few hilltop wells were inventoried for statistical comparison with the other units in

Somerset County. Some of the hilltop wells did not have reported yields, so these wells are not represented in the whisker diagrams. Domestic hillside wells had the lowest yields of any hillside wells in Somerset County. These wells are deeper than equivalent wells in all of the

Pennsylvanian age rocks in the county, and equal in depth to wells in Mississippian and

Devonian age rocks in Somerset County. Domestic valley yields are equivalent to those in all other units in Somerset County except for Burgoon Sandstone wells, which have higher yields.

Depths of domestic valley wells are similar to those in all other units.

Figure 60 shows water-bearing zone density for Foreknobs Formation wells inventoried in

Somerset County. The density for hilltop wells is low, with the exception of the 351-300 ft

114 1000.0 600

500 100.0 400

t

n

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e

e

m

f

/

l

n

a

i

g

,

10.0 300

,

h

t

d

l

p

e

e

i

D Y 200 1.0 100

0.1 0 dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. dom. dom. non-dom. dom. non-dom. hilltop hillside hillside valley valley hilltop hillside hillside valley valley

Figure 59 Distribution of wells yields and depths for selected topographies and water uses, Foreknobs Formation.

Table 16. Well statistics, Foreknobs Formation

Topographic setting Well Yield (gal/min) Well Depth (ft) and use N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat domestic 0 0 Flat non-dom. 0 0 Hilltop dom. 6 9 3 12 8 7 184 64 290 192 Hilltop non-dom. 0 0 Hillside dom. 25 4 0.25 40 9 29 210 35 538 253 Hillside non-dom. 3 18 12 25 18 3 402 104 404 303 Valley dom. 21 10 2 60 16 21 124 35 560 155 Valley non-dom. 0 0 Upland Draw, dom. 1 2 1 165 Upland Draw, non- 00 dom.

115 Table 16. (continued).

Topography Depth to bedrock (ft) Casing Depth (ft) N Median Min. Max. Mean N Median Min. Max. Mean Flat 0 0 Hilltop 6 16 4 24 14 6 25 20 42 27 Hillside 25 14 3 42 16 31 21 20 63 28 Valley 12 11 6 36 15 20 21 20 40 24 Upland Draw 1 20 1 26 interval. This may be a consequence of the low numbers of wells inventoried, and not a reflection of true conditions for the formation. The density of water-bearing zones in hillside wells is the lowest for hillside wells in the county, which probably accounts for the low yields of Foreknobs

Formation hillside wells. Valley wells have a fairly high density of 0.60 water-bearing zones per

50 ft of well depth to 250 ft. Neither of the two wells deeper than 250 ft penetrated a water- bearing zone between 251 ft and 350 ft.

Water Quality

Wells. Figure 61 shows that well water from the Foreknobs Formation is calcium-magnesium- bicarbonate type. Of the 21 wells sampled, 10 yielded soft water, and 11 yielded moderately hard water. The pH in three of the samples was lower than the SMCL of 6.5. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the MCL of 10 mg/L in four of the samples. Iron concentrations in nine of the samples exceeded the SMCL of 300 µg/L, and manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL of

50 µg/L in 12 of the samples. Figure 62 shows iron and manganese concentrations of the samples collected in Somerset County. If the concentrations fall in the lower left quadrant, both iron and manganese are lower than the SMCL. If the concentrations fall in the upper right quadrant, both iron and manganese are higher than the SMCL. All other constituents tested were within drinking water standards. Dissolved solids were lower than in groundwater from the Casselman and

Glenshaw Formations, and similar to dissolved solids from the other units tested (figure 23). The 116 groundwater was less alkaline than groundwater from the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations, more alkaline than groundwater from the Burgoon Sandstone, and similar in alkalinity to groundwater from the Allegheny Group, Pottsville Group, Mauch Chunk Formation and Catskill

Formation (figure 24). Although the samples had the highest percentage of nitrates greater than the MCL, the overall concentrations were similar to those from the other units in the county.

Calcium and magnesium concentrations were greater than in samples from all the Pennsylvanian- age units, and similar to those in groundwater from the Mississippian and Devonian-age units

(figures 24 and 25). Sodium concentrations in the samples were higher than from all other units except the Catskill Formation. Chloride concentrations were lower than in samples from the

Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation Allegheny Group and Catskill Formation, and similar to concentrations from the other units sampled. Sulfates in samples from the Foreknobs

Formation were lower than in samples from the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations, greater than in samples from the Burgoon Sandstone, and similar to sulfates from the other units (figure

25). Iron concentrations were similar to those in samples from the Casselman Formation, Mauch

Chunk Formation, Burgoon Sandstone, and Catskill Formation, and lower than in samples from the Glenshaw Formation, Allegheny Group, and Pottsville Group (figure 26). Manganese concentrations were greater in samples from the Foreknobs Formation than in samples from the

Catskill Formation, lower than in samples from the Allegheny Group, and similar to samples from other units sampled (figure 26).

Springs. Figure 61 shows the low total mineralization typical of springs. It is calcium- magnesium-bicarbonate type, as is groundwater from wells in the Foreknobs Formation. The pH

117 Number of wells in depth interval

644 332 0 40 1.50

Hilltop wells h 1.00 t p e

20 d 0.50 of well well of t 0 0.00

28 26 22 17 12 10 7 50 fee 50 r

40 1.50 e p

Hillside wells Number of water-bearing zones 1.00 Mean density zones 20 g in r 0.50 a -be r e t 0 0.00 a Number of water-bearing zones

17 12 8 6 4 2 2 ofw y

40 1.50 t

Valley wells ensi d

1.00 n a 20 Me 0.50

0 0.00 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Depth interval, in feet below land surface

Figure 60. The number and density of water-bearing zones per 50 ft of well depth for Foreknobs Formation wells.

118 of water from 6 of the

10 springs tested was below

the SMCL of 6.5. Iron in 2

of 11 samples was greater

than the SMCL of 300

µg/L, manganese was

greater than the SMCL of

50 µg/L in 3 of 11 samples,

and aluminum was greater

than the SMCL of 200 µg/L

in 1 of 6 samples.

Evaluation as an Aquifer

The Foreknobs

Formation is capable of

yielding adequate volumes

of groundwater for

household use. Hillside

wells have lower yields,

Figure 61. Stiff diagrams showing median characteristics of and greater depths, than groundwater from the Foreknobs Formation.

119 wells in other units in Somerset County. Iron,

10.00 manganese, and nitrates may be a problem.

) Insufficient data are available to determine if

L

/

g 1.00

m

(

e the formation is capable of yielding enough

s

e

n

a

g

n 0.10 water for high-volume users.

a

M Scherr Formation

0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 The Scherr Formation is exposed in Iron (mg/L) Somerset County only along the axis of the Figure-62. Cross plot of iron and manganese concentrations for water samples collected from Deer Park anticline, and only in the northern the Foreknobs Formation. Index lines denote SMCL. part of the anticline. The 1980 (Berg and

others) geologic map, which showed Scherr exposures the length of the anticline, was based on the map of southern Somerset County (Flint,

1965). Flint did not differentiate the Foreknobs and Scherr Formations, but mapped them as one formation, the Jennings Formation. Flint’s map showed a conglomerate described as being about

1600 ft below the top of the Jennings Formation. When the Jennings Formation was differentiated into the Foreknobs and Scherr Formations (de Witt, 1974), it was thought that the only conglomerates in the Foreknobs Formation were at the top and bottom of the formation, so the conglomerate mapped by Flint became the base of the Foreknobs Formation. Wegweiser

(1994) found that there are several conglomerates in the Foreknobs Formation, and that the conglomerate mapped by Flint in the southern part of the Deer Park anticline was above the base of the Foreknobs Formation. The geologic map (plates 1 and 2) shows the outcrop of the Scherr

Formation as mapped by Wegweiser (1994). Only the upper 200 ft of the formation are exposed in Somerset County.

120 According to Wegweiser, the upper Scherr Formation in Somerset County consists of gray, sandy siltstone and shale and represents a shallowing upward sequence, with a gradual increase in grain size as the top of the Scherr Formation is reached.

Only six wells were inventoried that tap the Scherr Formation. The two hillside domestic wells are 90 ft and 400 ft deep. The 400 ft deep well had a yield of only 0.5 gal/min, with water- bearing zones at 60ft and 190 ft. The shallower well yielded 20 gal/min, with water-bearing zones at 60 ft and 80 ft. There are two valley wells, one domestic, one non domestic. The domestic well yielded 20 gal/min, was 65 ft deep, and had water-bearing zones at 50 ft and 55 ft..

The non-domestic well yielded 30 gal/min, was 108 ft deep, and had water-bearing zones at 42 ft and 54 ft. The two upland draw wells are both for domestic supplies. A 207 ft deep well yielded

5 gal/min. Depths to water-bearing zones were not reported. A 228 ft deep well yielded 4 gal/min, and has water-bearing zones at 90 ft and 150 ft.

Figure 63 is a composite Stiff diagram of two well samples from the Scherr Formation. The water is calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. Well SO 659 yielded water with very high concentrations of iron and manganese. The iron concentration was 9,570 µg/L, and the manganese was 2,950 µg/L. The USEPA SMCLs are 300 µg/L and 50 µg/L , respectively.

The Scherr Formation will probably yield sufficient water for domestic supplies, but not enough data are available to determine if it can be exploited by high-volume users. Limited data suggest that iron and manganese may be problems.

Comparison of water-bearing characteristics of Pennsylvanian-age rocks in

Somerset County with Pennsylvanian-age rocks in western Pennsylvania.

In order to determine if there are areal variations in the water-bearing characteristics of the rocks in western Pennsylvania, results in Somerset County were compared with grouped data

121 from Fayette, Cambria,

and Indiana Counties.

Well depths, yields, and

water chemistry were

analyzed. Only the water-

bearing characteristics of

Pennsylvanian-age rocks

(Casselman Formation,

Glenshaw Formation, and

Allegheny Group) were

analyzed, as too few data

are available from older Figure 63. Stiff diagram showing median characteristics of groundwater from the Scherr Formation. units for comparison.

Chemistry of groundwater from springs from the Glenshaw Formation was also analyzed. Data used are summarized in the appendix.

Only minor differences in yield were found. Hillside domestic wells in the Casselman

Formation in Somerset County have higher yields (median of 12 gal/min) than equivalent wells in Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties (median of 7 gal/min). Non-domestic valley wells in the Glenshaw Formation have considerably higher yields (median of 75 gal/min) than Glenshaw

Formation non-domestic valley wells in the other three counties (median of 22 gal/min).

Domestic hilltop and hillside wells in the Allegheny Group in Somerset County have higher yields (medians of 7 and 10 gal/min) than similar wells in Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties

(medians of 4.5 and 7 gal/min).

122 Depths of domestic wells in valleys in the Casselman Formation in Somerset County were deeper (median of 105 ft) than equivalent wells in the other counties (62 ft). Except for hillside domestic wells, Somerset County wells in the Glenshaw Formation were deeper than similar wells in Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties. Non-domestic wells in valleys in the Glenshaw

Formation were about twice as deep (median of 213 ft) as those in the other counties. This may be why these same wells have a higher yield in Somerset County. Allegheny Group domestic hilltop wells in Somerset County were much deeper (median of 237 ft) than comparable wells in

Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties (median of 136 ft). Non-domestic hillside Allegheny

Group wells in Somerset County are also much deeper (median of 247 ft) than equivalent wells in the other counties. No other differences were found.

The chemistry of well water from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and

Allegheny Group in Somerset County is nearly the same as that of well water from the same units in Cambria, Fayette, and Indiana Counties. Total mineralization of water from Somerset County

Glenshaw Formation springs was only half that of water from Glenshaw Formations springs in the other counties studied, with concomitant lower concentrations of almost all of the constituents tested. Data were insufficient to compare spring water chemistry from the other units in Somerset County.

Guidelines to Developing Supplies

Wells drilled in most areas of Somerset County will yield adequate amounts of water for domestic supplies. Nevertheless, steps can be taken to optimize the probability of obtaining a groundwater supply of sufficient quantity. Topographic position is the most important factor in determining well yield in Somerset County. Valley wells are consistently more productive than wells in other topographic settings. Most landowners, however, will not have a large enough piece of property to allow selection of a site on the basis of topography. If selection of 123 topographic setting is not an option, then the landowner’s remaining strategy is to drill a well during the time of year when the water level is lowest. In Somerset County, this corresponds to the end of the growing season. Well yield is lowest and water quality is worst at this time.

Information on the geologic formation can be gathered in advance, to determine optimum well depth. The deepest reported water-bearing zone is a guide for depth of drilling for a given formation, in a given topography. If a well is drilled to the optimum depth but a sufficient supply is not obtained, then the most economical alternative is probably to abandon the well and try drilling at another site. Quality of groundwater from the formation should be checked to determine the probability of needing water-treatment equipment. Subsurface coal mines, if they are close to the surface, can intercept groundwater and drain it off, resulting in a dry hole. If the mines are flooded, water in them is likely to be highly contaminated. The Pennsylvania

Geological Survey has information about the extent and depth of coal mines in Somerset County.

CONCLUSIONS

Groundwater recharge in the basin of the Stony Creek River, which drains the northern half of Somerset County, averaged 374 gal/min/mi2 for the period 1960 to 1993. This was 27 percent of precipitation. Total streamflow was 53 percent of precipitation for the same period. In comparison to the Stony Creek River basin, precipitation is higher in the Blue Hole Creek basin, stream and base flow are a much higher percentage of precipitation in the Blue Hole Creek basin, and there is less evapotranspiration in the Blue Hole Creek basin. These differences are a consequence of the average higher elevations of the Blue Hole Creek Basin and thick, sandy colluvium along the main stem of Blue Hole Creek. Base flow is the equivalent of 670

(gal/min)/mi2 for the entire basin, and 680 (gal/min)/mi2 for the upper basin.

Somerset County is underlain by a sequence of Devonian to Pennsylvanian age sedimentary rocks consisting of shale, siltstone, sandstone, and claystone, with minor amounts of limestone 124 and coal. Overlying the sedimentary rocks are unconsolidated deposits. The Devonian age Scherr

Formation is the oldest rock unit exposed in the county. Above it, in decreasing age, are the

Devonian age Foreknobs Formation and Catskill Formation, the Mississippian-Devonian age

Rockwell Formation, and the Mississippian age Burgoon Sandstone, Loyalhanna Formation, and

Mauch Chunk Formation. Pennsylvanian age rocks, from oldest to youngest, are the Pottsville

Group, Allegheny Group, Conemaugh Group (Glenshaw and Casselman Formations) and the

Monongahela Group. The unconsolidated deposits are undifferentiated colluvium/alluvium of

Pleistocene/Holocene age. The geologic structure is characterized by folds that generally strike between North 30o East and North 35o East.

Sandstones yield higher volumes of groundwater than finer-grained rocks. Wells in valleys have larger yields than those on hillsides and hilltops. Rocks in the Allegheny Mountains Section are not more highly fractured than the rocks in the Pittsburgh Low Plateaus Section.

Two general systems of groundwater flow are present in the county-a deep, regional system, and a shallow, usually less than 300 ft deep, system. Little is known about flow in the regional system. Head controls flow, but lithology and number, size, and extent of interconnections of fractures have a substantial influence on groundwater flow volume and direction.

Because of extensive deep mining, only shallow wells can be developed in the Monongahela

Group. All other units in Somerset County have yields adequate for domestic use. Casselman

Formation wells sited in valleys may yield quantities suitable for public-supply, industrial, or other high-yield uses. Water from the formation is commonly hard and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that exceed the SMCLs. Wells properly sited in the Glenshaw Formation,

Allegheny Group, and Pottsville Group will commonly yield quantities suitable for public- supply, industrial, or other high-yield uses. Most groundwater from the Glenshaw Formation and

Allegheny Group is hard and acidic and may have concentrations of iron and manganese that 125 exceed the SMCLs. Groundwater from the Pottsville Group may be acidic and high in iron and manganese. The Mauch Chunk Formation is a valuable aquifer. Properly sited wells are capable of large yields of good quality water. Some wells drilled into the Mauch Chunk Formation may yield groundwater with iron and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCLs. If a well intercepts a cavern below the water table in the Loyalhanna Formation, it will yield large volumes of high-quality water. Optimally sited wells in the Burgoon Sandstone are capable of large yields. Wells drilled into the Burgoon Sandstone are likely to yield groundwater with a low pH and iron or manganese concentrations greater than the SMCLs. Because of its remote, limited outcrop in rugged terrain, the Rockwell Formation is not considered to be a valuable aquifer in

Somerset County. Yields from the Catskill Formation are more than adequate for domestic use.

Nitrates may be a problem, but otherwise the Catskill Formation yields groundwater with the highest quality in Somerset County. Hillside wells in the Foreknobs Formation have lower yields, and greater depths, than wells in other units in Somerset County. Iron, manganese, and nitrates may be a problem. Limited data from the Scherr Formation suggest that iron and manganese may be problems.

Spring water from the Glenshaw Formation and Burgoon Sandstone is calcium-sulfate type.

Springs in the Allegheny Group and Pottsville Group produce water that is calcium-magnesium- sulfate type. Springs from the other units in Somerset County produce calcium-bicarbonate type water. Nearly all of the springs produce water with pHs below the SMCL of 6.5. Iron, manganese, and, less commonly, aluminum, may be present in concentrations exceeding the

SMCLs.

Well yields and depths of wells in Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and

Allegheny Group in Somerset County are similar to well yields and depths in the same units in

Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties, except Glenshaw Formation wells in Somerset County 126 are generally deeper than Glenshaw Formation wells in Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties.

The quality of well water from the Casselman Formation, Glenshaw Formation and Allegheny

Group in Somerset County was nearly identical to that of well water from the three units in

Cambria, Fayette, and Indiana Counties. Spring water from the Glenshaw Formation in Somerset

County is less mineralized than water from Glenshaw Formation springs in Cambria, Fayette and

Indiana Counties.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT WATER

A variety of information on water supplies is available from the government agencies listed below. When requesting information it is important to give an accurate location of the site for which information is requested.

The Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, PaDCNR, Harrisburg, has information on the geology of Somerset County and has published reports that describe in detail the rocks that underlie the area. Well drillers' logs and reports on new wells that have been drilled are also available.

The Bureau of Water Supply Management, PaDEP, Harrisburg, can supply information on well construction requirements, biological reports on well water, and data on the chemical quality of ground water. The Bureau, through several regional offices, tests water samples for bacterial pollution, and can also advise on effective corrective measures when pollution is reported. The

Bureau also has information on stream discharges, floods, reservoir requirements, and power plant discharges.

Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, Ebensburg District Office, PaDEP, has jurisdiction over mining in Somerset County, including mine permitting, inspection, and mining-related effects on ground water and water supplies.

133 The Public Utility Commission, Bureau of Fixed Utility Services, has information on some municipal water supplies, including source, average daily use, total annual use, and estimated future needs.

The U.S. Geological Survey, Lemoyne, Pa., has data on wells, springs, and streams, and on the chemical quality of ground and surface water.

Local well drillers and pump installers can usually provide prices and suggest the type of equipment needed to develop a water supply. They also can suggest the proper well diameter for the necessary pumping equipment. Pump installers can supply information concerning the size of the pump, depth of the pump setting, and pressure-tank capacity.

If the chemical analysis of the well water indicates that treatment is necessary, commercial water-treatment companies can provide the necessary information and equipment. Equipment for water treatment can be purchased or rented, and generally it will be serviced by the supplier.

GLOSSARY

Acidity. The capacity of a water for neutralizing a basic solution. Acidity, as used in this report, is primarily caused by the presence of hydrogen ions produced by hydrolysis of the salts of strong acids and weak bases.

Alkalinity. The capacity of a water for neutralizing an acid solution. Alkalinity in natural water is caused primarily by the presence of carbonate and bicarbonate.

Alluvium. Sand, gravel, or other similar particle material deposited by running water.

Anisotropic. Not having the same properties in all directions.

Anticline. An upfold or arch of stratified rock in which the beds dip in opposite directions from the crest. 134 Aquifer. A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield usable quantities of water to wells and springs.

Base flow. Discharge entering stream channels as effluent from the ground-water reservoir; the dry weather flow of streams.

Bedrock. A general term for the rock, generally solid, that underlies soil or other unconsolidated or semiconsolidated surficial material.

Confined aquifer. An aquifer which is bounded above and below by relatively impermeable rocks.

Cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The rate of discharge representing a volume of one cubic foot passing a given point during one second (equivalent to 7.48 gallons per second or 448.8 gallons per minute).

Cubic feet per second per square mile (ft3/s)/mi2. The average number of cubic feet of water per second flowing from each square mile of area drained by a stream, assuming that the runoff is distributed uniformly, in time and area.

Dip. The angle or rate of drop at which a layer of rock is inclined from the horizontal.

Dissolved. Refers to that material in a representative water sample which passes through a 0.45 micrometer membrane filter. This is a convenient operational definition used by Federal agencies that collect water data. Determinations of "dissolved" constituents are made on subsamples of the filtrate.

Dissolved solids. The dissolved mineral constituents in water; they form the residue after evaporation and drying at a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius; they also may be calculated by adding concentrations of anions and cations.

Drawdown. The lowering of the water table or potentiometric surface caused by pumping (or artesian flow) of a well. 135 Evapotranspiration. The evaporation from water bodies, wetted surfaces, and moist soil by direct evaporation and vapor that escapes from living plants by the process of transpiration.

Flow-duration curve. A cumulative frequency curve that shows the percentage of time that specified discharges are equaled or exceeded.

Fold. A bend or flexure produced in rock strata by forces operating after deposition of the rock.

Formation. The fundamental unit in rock-stratigraphic classification. It is a body of internal homogeneous rock; it is prevailingly but not necessarily tabular and is mappable at the earth's surface or traceable in the subsurface.

Fracture. A break in the rock.

Groundwater. That part of the subsurface water in the zone of saturation.

Ground-water discharge.-Release of water in springs, seeps, or wells from the ground-water reservoir.

Ground-water recharge. Addition of water to the ground-water reservoir by infiltrating precipitation or seepage from a streambed.

Group. A stratigraphic unit consisting of two or more formations.

Hardness.-A physical-chemical characteristic that commonly is recognized by the increased quantity of soap required to produce lather. It is attributable to the presence of alkaline earths

(principally calcium and magnesium) and is expressed as equivalent calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Lineament. A natural linear feature greater than mile in length.

Joint.—A fracture in a rock, generally more or less vertical, along which no differential movement has taken place.

Lingula. A brachiopod dating from the and persisting practically without change to the present.

136 Lithology. The physical characteristics of a rock, generally as determined by examination with the naked eye or with the aid of low-power magnifier.

Mean. Arithmetic average calculated by dividing the sum of the values of the observations by the number of observations.

Median. The value midway in the frequency distribution. Half the values are lower than the median, half are higher.

Micrograms per liter (µg/L). A unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as mass (micrograms) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter.

Milligrams per liter (mg/L). A unit for expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution. Milligrams per liter represent the mass of solute per unit volume (liter) of water.

Ostracode. A small crustacean. pH. A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. Mathematically, the pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity, pH = -loglO[H+], where [H+] is the hydrogen-ion concentration in moles per liter. A pH of 7.0 indicates a neutral condition. An acid solution has a pH less then 7.0 and a basic or alkaline solution has a pH more than 7.0.

Permeability. The capacity of a porous rock, sediment, or soil to transmit a fluid under a hydraulic head; it is a measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a liquid under a potential gradient.

Potentiometric surface. A surface that represents the static head of an aquifer.

Primary permeability. The permeability of a material caused by its soil or rock matrix.

Pumping test. A test or controlled field experiment involving either the withdrawal of measured quantities of water from, or addition of water to, a well (or wells) and the measurement of resulting changes in head in the aquifer both during and after the period of discharge or addition. 137 Runoff. That part of the precipitation that appears in streams. It is the same as streamflow unaffected by diversions, storage, or other works of man in or on the stream channels.

Secondary permeability. The increase or decrease in permeability in the soil or rock caused by fracturing, solution or cementation.

Specific capacity. The well yield divided by the drawdown (pumping water level minus static water level) necessary to produce this yield. It is usually expressed as gallons per minute per foot

[(gal/min)/ft].

Specific conductance. Is a measure of the ability of a water to conduct an electrical current. It is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25°C. Specific conductance is related to the type and concentration of ions in the solution and can be used for approximating the dissolved-solids content of the water. Commonly, the concentration of dissolved solids (in milligrams per liter) is about two-thirds of the specific conductance (in microsiemens). This relation is not constant from stream to stream, and it may vary in the same source with changes in the composition of the water.

Spirorbis. The fossilized shell of a small coiled worm.

Streamflow. Is the discharge that occurs in a natural channel. Although the term "discharge" can be applied to the flow of a canal, the word "streamflow" uniquely describes the discharge in a surface stream course. The term "streamflow" is more general than "runoff" as streamflow may be applied to discharge whether or not it is affected by diversion or regulation.

Syncline. A downfold or depression of stratified rock in which the beds dip inward toward the axis of the fold.

Transmissivity. Transmissivity, T, is the rate at which water is transmitted through a unit width of an aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient. It may be expressed in cubic feet per day per foot, feet squared per day, or gallons per day per foot. 138 Unconfined aquifer. An aquifer which contains the water table.

Water table. The upper surface of the zone of saturation.

Water year. October 1 through September 30 of the designated year. For example, water year

1997 starts October 1,1996, and ends September 30,1997.

139 APPENDIX

The appendix contains summaries of data from Cambria, Fayette, Indiana and Somerset counties.

It also has well data, spring data and groundwater chemistry data from Somerset County.

Summarized data are well yields and depths and well water chemistry.

Table 17. Summary of well yields, Cambria, Fayette, Indiana and Somerset Counties.

This table presents summaries of well yield data used for statistical analysis. The C, F, I column indicates data from Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties. Data sets with 7 or more samples were tested to determine if the data are normally or log-normally distributed. If the

“Dist.” box has no entry, either there were fewer than 7 samples or the data are neither normally or log normally distributed. If the data are normally distributed, an “n” is in the “Dist” box. If the data are log-normally distributed, an “ln” is in the “Dist.” box. For Mississippian and Devonian units, Mb denotes the Burgoon Sandstone, Dck the Catskill Formation, Df the Foreknobs

Formation, and Ds the Scherr Formation.

140 Table 17. Summary of well yields, Cambria, Fayette, Indiana, Somerset Counties and Allegheny Mountain and Pittsburgh Low Plateau sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. Casselman Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 2 5.5 6 2 Minimum 3 1 1 3 Maximum 20 15 15 20 Maximum 24 40 40 24 Median 8 8 Median 11 18 19 10 Average 10 10 Average 13 19 19 12 Dist. Dist. n, ln n, ln n, ln n, ln N 5 2 2 5 N 10 13 14 9

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 10 5 5 10.0 Minimum 9 12 12 9 Maximum 12 60 60 10.0 Maximum 300 500 500 300 Median 10 8 10 10.0 Median 30 45 45 30 Average 10 21 20 10 Average 57 129 129 57 Dist. Dist. ln ln ln ln N 4 5 6 3 N 13 12 12 13

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 1 1 1 1.5 Minimum 2 2 Maximum 20 30 30 15 Maximum 10 10 Median 7 5 6 7 Median 10 10 Average 8 8 8 8 Average 7 7 Dist. n, ln ln ln ln Dist. N 30 25 37 18 N NONE 3 3 NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 2 4 1.5 Minimum Maximum 24 24 11.0 Maximum Median 10 4 8 6.3 Median Average 11 12 6 Average Dist. Dist. N 6 1 5 2 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.1 2 1 0.1 Maximum 35 60 60 35 Median 7 12 11 6 Average 10 15 14 9 Dist. n, ln ln ln ln N50416031

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 1.5 10 10 10 Maximum 24 200 200 20 Median 10 20 20 12 Average 11 52 42 14 Dist. N5573

141 Table 17. (continued) Glenshaw Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.5 1.5 0.5 Minimum 0.5 3 2.5 0.5 Maximum 40 25 40 Maximum 150 100 100 150 Median 11 25 10 13 Median 12 12 15 10 Average 13 11 16 Average 20 23 21 20 Dist. n, ln ln Dist. ln ln ln ln N 33 1 22 12 N 49 23 31 41

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 3 3 Minimum 1 12 3 1 Maximum 200 200 Maximum 125 350 350 100 Median 15 15 Median 22 75 37 22.5 Average 55 55 Average 30 123 88 27 Dist. ln ln Dist. ln ln ln ln N NONE 13 13 NONE N 26 8 14 20

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.2 1 0.2 0.25 Minimum 0 3 3 Maximum30253030Maximum31010 Median 5 6 6 5 Median 3 0 Average 8 8 9 8 Average 5 Dist. ln n, ln ln Dist. N 122 13 89 46 N 2 2 3 1

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 1 20 15 1 Minimum Maximum 40 25 25 40 Maximum Median 15 20 8 Median Average 17 20 16 Average Dist. Dist. N 5 2 4 3 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0 1 0.1 0.1 Maximum 25 100 100 100 Median 12 10 10 6 Average 11 14 12 9 Dist. ln ln ln ln N 199 58 142 114

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 3 1 1 3 Maximum 75 25 32 75 Median 10 10 10 8 Average 19 11 12 24 Dist. ln n, ln n, ln ln N1516257

142 Table17. (continued) Allegheny Group

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 1 1 5 Minimum 0.1 1 0 1 Maximum 25 25 5 Maximum 70 60 60 70 Median72010 Median10181810 Average 9 12 Average 16 24 21 18 Dist. Dist. ln n, ln n, ln ln N 6 1 5 2 N 35 28 42 20

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 12 10 Minimum 4 10 10 4 Maximum 36 36 Maximum 180 350 350 150 Median 10 15 15 Median 20 40 33 20 Average 18 17 Average 44 88 81 39 Dist. Dist. ln ln ln ln N 1 6 7 NONE N 13 16 20 9

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 Minimum Maximum 20 30 30 20 Maximum Median 5 7 6 3 Median Average 6 12 9 6 Average Dist. ln n, ln ln ln Dist. N 22 16 29 9 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 2 1.5 Minimum 15 15 Maximum 60 60 Maximum 20 60 Median 5 10 2 Median 1 20 Average 20 18 Average 32 Dist. Dist. N 1 6 7 NONE N 1 2 3 NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.2 2 0.2 0 Maximum 35 100 100 30 Median 7 10 8 7 Average 10 15 12 11 Dist. ln ln n N 83 56 109 30

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 0.5 3 1 0.5 Maximum 150 240 240 150 Median 20 25 20 30 Average 25 44 31 36 Dist. ln ln ln ln N1613209

143 Table 17. (continued) Pottsville Group Mauch Chunk Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 20 20 Maximum 60 300 Median 20.0 20 230 Average 183 Dist. N NONE NONE NONE 2 NONE 1 1 3

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC FLAT, NON-DOM. VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 170 2 Maximum 500 2100 Median 304 215 Average 321 362 Dist. N NONE NONE NONE 5 NONE NONE NONE 20

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC HILLTOP, DOM. UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 3 1 3 Maximum 7 30 7 Median 12 4 Average 14 Dist. N 2 3 NONE NONE 2 1 NONE NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOM. HILLTOP, NON-DOM. UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOM. C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 75 Maximum 110 Median 6 100 75 Average 90 Dist. N NONE 1 NONE 1 NONE NONE NONE 4

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 3 3 3 10 Maximum1580 1015 Median 6 8 7 15 Average 7 16 7 13 Dist. ln N1213 43

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 3 11 2 Maximum 11 48 100 Median 24 20 38 Average 27 40 Dist. n., ln ln N27 19

144 Table 17. (continued) Burgoon Sandstone, Catskill Formation, Foreknobs Formation, Scherr Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 10 12 Maximum 430 25 Median 280 28 18 Average 228 18 Dist. n N NONE NONE NONE NONE 7 1 3 NONE

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 532 Maximum 135 30 60 Median 50 8 10 20 Average 571116 Dist. n, ln ln ln N NONE NONE NONE NONE 7 22 21 1

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 3 68 7 Maximum 12 1000 15 Median 10 9 75 8 30 Average 8 248 10 Dist. N NONE 1 6 NONE 7 3 NONE 1

HILLTOP, NON-DOM. UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 6 4 Maximum 10 5 Median 6 2 Average Dist. N 1 NONE NONE NONE 2 NONE 1 2

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOM. Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 5 2 0.25 0.5 Maximum20804020 Median 8 10 4 Average 9 16 9 Dist. lnlnln N 11 19 25 2 NONE NONE NONE NONE

145 Table 18 Summary of well depths, Cambria, Fayette, Indiana and Somerset Counties.

This table presents summaries of well depth data used for statistical analysis. The C, F, I column indicates data from Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties. Data sets with 7 or more samples were tested to determine if the data are normally or log-normally distributed. If the

“Dist.” box has no entry, either there were fewer than 7 samples or the data are neither normally or log normally distributed. If the data are normally distributed, an “n” is in the “Dist” box. If the data are log-normally distributed, an “ln” is in the “Dist.” box. For Mississippian and Devonian units, Mb denotes the Burgoon Sandstone, Dck the Catskill Formation, Df the Foreknobs

Formation, and Ds the Scherr Formation.

146 Table 18. Summary of well depths, Cambria, Fayette, Indiana, Somerset Counties and Allegheny Mountain and Pittsburgh Low Plateau sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. Casselman Formation FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 65 103 103 65 Minimum 25 41 41 50 Maximum 240 250 250 240 Maximum 150 275 275 376 Median 150 150 Median 62 113 113 150 Average 152 152 Average 77 135 135 169 Dist. Dist. n, ln n,ln n,ln ln N5225N4141513

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 115 75 75 115 Minimum 50 41 41 50 Maximum 325 244 244 325 Maximum 376 275 275 376 Median 120 125 125 120 Median 150 113 113 150 Average 187 151 151 187 Average 169 135 135 169 Dist. Dist. ln ln ln ln N 3 5 5 3 N 13 12 12 13

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 15 60 60 15 Minimum 100 100 Maximum 317 510 510 317 Maximum 190 190 Median 143 182 170 130 Median 158 158 Average 157 210 197 148 Average 149 149 Dist. n, ln ln ln ln Dist. N 32 24 36 20 N NONE 3 3 NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 70 75 70 Minimum Maximum 135 430 135 Maximum Median 97 430 118 103 Median Average 100 208 103 Average Dist. Dist. N 4 1 3 2 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 60 44 44 75 Maximum 265 490 490 265 Median 124 118 122 122 Average 140 141 143 135 Dist. n, ln ln ln ln N54426135

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 60 104 104 60 Maximum 185 140 185 181 Median 175 130 140 70 Average 134 126 144 104 Dist. N5463

147 Table 18. (continued) Glenshaw Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 42 42 47 Minimum 30 50 44 30 Maximum 298 298 165 Maximum 345 364 364 225 Median 90 135 115 80 Median 77 93 88 80 Average 107 121 81 Average 90 126 122 86 Dist. ln ln ln Dist. ln ln ln ln N 32 1 22 11 N 55 25 34 46

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 70 70 Minimum 55 72 55 31 Maximum 224 224 Maximum 208 304 304 208 Median 122 122 Median 103 214 116 108.5 Average 132 132 Average 112 207 158 114 Dist. n, ln n, ln Dist. ln n, ln n, ln n, ln N NONE 15 15 NONE N 28 8 14 22

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 46 74 46 50 Minimum 100 70 70 Maximum 338 403 403 338 Maximum 225 304 304 Median 120 195 145 120 Median 100 225 Average 139 208 146 143 Average 158 Dist. n, ln n, ln n, ln n, ln Dist. N 143 14 103 54 N 2 2 3 1

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 100 123 100 100 Minimum Maximum 260 129 129 260 Maximum Median 148 124 123 194 Median Average 161 125 119 187 Average Dist. Dist. N 6 3 5 4 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 12 49 12 36 Maximum 335 396 396 315 Median 120 122 120 120 Average 125 146 131 130 Dist. ln ln ln n, ln N 218 70 158 130

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 40 100 60 40 Maximum 285 503 503 267 Median 142 172 150 145.5 Average 156 222 200 147 Dist. ln n, ln ln n, ln N1919308

148 Table 18. (continued) Allegheny Group

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 100 100 102 Minimum 35 39 35 40 Maximum 315 315 245 Maximum 211 445 445 205 Median 172 250.0 210 172 Median 85 90 90 81 Average 172 197 166 Average 98 107 107 92 Dist. n, ln n,ln Dist. ln ln ln ln N12158N43284427

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 110 110 Minimum 44 47 47 44 Maximum 648 648 Maximum 363 397 397 205 Median 220 248 220 Median 105 112 136 90 Average 285 276 Average 129 155 162 94 Dist. ln Dist. ln ln ln ln N 1 6 7 NONE N 15 16 22 9

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 62 120 62 80 Minimum Maximum 270 510 510 265 Maximum Median 136 238 169 166.5 Median Average 142 267 198 168 Average Dist. n, ln n, ln ln n, ln Dist. N 25 16 31 10 N NONE NONE NONE NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 131 62 Minimum 98 98 Maximum 553 553 Maximum 170 194 Median 62 260 62 Median 194 170 Average 287 255 Average 154 Dist. n, ln Dist. N 1 6 7 NONE N 1 2 3 NONE

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 13 54 35 13 Maximum 460 597 597 460 Median 135 148 147 105 Average 144 170 164 127 Dist. ln ln ln ln N 101 60 117 44

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset Allegh. Mt. Pitts. L. Plat. Minimum 52 80 70 52 Maximum 303 414 414 303 Median 105 247 200 180 Average 143 251 199 169 Dist. n, ln n n, ln n, ln N1713219

149 Table18. (continued) Pottsville Group Mauch Chunk Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC FLAT, DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 90 67 Maximum 220 164 Median 50 85 81 Average 104 Dist. N NONE NONE NONE 2 NONE 1 1 3

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOM. FLAT, NON-DOM. VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 128 NONE 105 Maximum 597 472 Median 278 340 Average 351 329 Dist. 189.0 n N NONE NONE NONE 5 NONE NONE 20 NONE HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOM. HILLTOP, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 150 120 155 420 Maximum 275 430 158 490 Median 275 145 Average 233 232 Dist. N 3 3 NONE NONE 2 2 NONE NONE

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOM. HILLTOP, NON-DOM. UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOM. C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 65 Maximum 224 224 Median 131 122 Average 133 Dist. N NONE 1 NONE 2 NONE NONE NONE 4

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum8163 7362 Maximum 225 297 320 150 Median 115 103 165 149 Average 140 127 179 120 Dist. ln ln N1315 53

HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC C, F, I Somerset C, F, I Somerset Minimum 110 45 175 Maximum 393 450 697 Median 278 45 350 Average 246 367 Dist. n, ln ln N27 19

150 Table 18. (continued) Burgoon Sandstone, Catskill Formation, Foreknobs Formation, Scherr Formation

FLAT, DOMESTIC HILLSIDE, NON-DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 178 104 Maximum 575 404 Median 302 230 402 Average 326 303 Dist. ln N NONE NONE NONE NONE 7 1 3 NONE

FLAT, NON-DOMESTIC VALLEY, DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 725535 Maximum 140 400 560 Median 110 145 124 65 Average 108 149 155 Dist. lnlnln N NONE NONE NONE NONE 7 23 21 1

HILLTOP, DOMESTIC VALLEY, NON-DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 64 100 40 Maximum 290 602 144 Median 207 184 174 102 108 Average 192 243 97 Dist. N NONE 1 7 NONE 7 4 NONE 1

HILLTOP, NON-DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum 164 207 Maximum 172 228 Median 227 165 Average Dist. N 1 NONE NONE NONE 2 NONE 1 2

HILLSIDE, DOMESTIC UPLAND DRAW, NON-DOMESTIC Mb Dck Df Ds Mb Dck Df Ds Minimum95913590 Maximum 245 350 538 400 Median 183 220 210 Average 172 222 253 Dist. n, ln n, ln n, ln N 11 19 29 2 NONE NONE NONE NONE

151 Blank Page

166 Table 19. summary of well water chemistry, Somerset,Cambria, Fayette and Indiana Counties.

Quantities are in milligrams per liter except where otherwise indicated.

Specific conductance: Microseimens per centimeter at 25 degrees centrigrade.

> EPA limit: Lists the number of samples that exceeded either the USEPA MCL or SMCL. Table 7 lists the MCL's and SMCL's.

< det. limit: Lists the number of samples that had concentrations below the laboratory detection limit.

153 Table 19. Summary of Well Water Chemistry, Somerset, Fayette, Indiana and Cambria Counties. ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Casselman Fm., Somerset County Minimum 125 112 6.3 75 52 0.04 13.5 4.33 0.72 0.62 1.02 6.2 0.010 0.010 Maximum 500 434 7.7 296 220 10.00 113 22.3 51.8 4.22 39.5 144 3.37 1.24 Median 283 248 7.2 154 150 0.05 49.3 10.5 4.49 1.31 7.88 17.2 0.348 0.102 Average 284 260 7.2 150 141 0.95 52.8 11.5 6.76 1.52 11.9 28.9 0.587 0.161 >EPA limit 0 0 1 0 0 0 14 15 N 18 14 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 23 23 23 23

Casselman Fm., Indiana County Minimum 70 68 6.2 28 42 0.04 4.1 3.0 4.2 0.3 1 10 0.100 0.010 Maximum 630 378 7.9 260 246 3.70 73.0 21.0 120.0 2.0 78 130 3.200 1.900 Median 390 212 7.4 120 142 0.62 35.0 9.2 12.0 1.0 16 28 0.360 0.050 Average 370 232 7.2 131 129 1.22 35.4 10.3 25.4 1.2 21 35 0.694 0.357 >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 N 11 9 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Casselman Fm., Cambria County Minimum 195 164 6.9 10 72 0.02 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.14 3.0 10 0.030 0.010 Maximum 455 308 7.6 239 190 3.30 76.5 11.2 83.6 1.46 39.0 45 1.68 0.880 Median 313 201 7.1 139 127 0.20 47.1 8.0 3.8 0.98 12.5 21 0.160 0.125 Average 324 222 7.2 139 127 0.57 46.3 7.4 9.3 0.90 13.2 23 0.451 0.173 >EPA limit 0 0 18 0 0 0 6 11 N 26 13 15 26 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

Casselman Fm., Fayette County Minimum 80 90 6.4 50 28 0.02 3.8 1.9 0.6 0.80 2 5 0.050 0.020 Maximum 440 686 8.2 320 270 1.32 96.9 35.1 73.1 5.52 66 290 4.14 0.64 Median 285 210 6.9 126 150 0.16 38.6 10.9 5.7 1.23 4 17 0 0.060 Average 275 256 7.0 157 154 0.27 41.1 13.9 12.6 1.95 10 41 1 0.140 >EPA limit 2 0 10 0 0 1 11 13 N 21 21 16 20 14 14 21 21 14 14 14 21 21 21

154 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Casselman Fm., Somerset County 0.10 <4 5 0.20 4.0 10 1.96 16 10 0 Minimum 0.27 <4 295 0.73 4.0 50 18.46 119 185 0 Maximum 0.20 <4 100 0.20 4.0 13 4.00 51 23 0 Median 0.20 <4 118 0.28 4.0 19 5.00 59 43 0 Average 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 >EPA limit 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 N 13 14 1 9 14 6 9 0 5

Casselman Fm., Indiana County 0.1 <4 1 1 4 10 4 10 <135 0 Minimum 0.5 <4 500 110 50 400 20 8300 <135 6 Maximum 0.2 <4 500 1 50 10 5 20 <135 0 Median 0.2 <4 319 11 46 56 7 873 <135 1 Average 0 0 1 1 >EPA limit 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 N 3 11 11 10 11 6 5 5 11

Casselman Fm., Cambria County 0.09 <1 40 0.20 10 4 10 5 Minimum 0.15 <5 220 3.00 70 535 920 150 Maximum 0.10 90 0.86 10 32 20 55 Median 0.11 114 23 91 62 Average 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 >EPA limit 14 14 9 14 14 14 14 14 N 6 14 0 8 7 9 0 3

Casselman Fm., Fayette County 0.10 0.0 1.00 10 1.2 10 <5 Minimum 0.35 6.3 5.00 30 114.0 640 450 Maximum 0.12 5.0 3.00 10 2.2 70 75 Median 0.17 4.7 2.70 14 12.8 104 122 Average 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 >EPA limit 14 14 14 14 16 21 20 N 6 10 13 8 1 0 2

155 Table 19. (continued) ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Glenshaw Fm., Somerset County Minimum 50 54 5.1 30 4 0.04 7.80 1.28 0.58 0.50 1.10 3.3 0.032 0.010 Maximum 1900 544 7.9 425 256 2.89 285 64.8 90.3 4.28 760 160 14.4 1.34 Median 260 188 7.0 103 122 0.06 36.8 8.6 4.6 1.24 6.08 17.6 0.410 0.119 Average 324 216 6.9 123 125 0.28 45.0 10.4 12.5 1.41 26.22 27.6 1.37 0.210 >EPA limit 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 31 32 N 42 23 42 46 47 46 47 43 47 43 47 47 47 47

Glenshaw Fm., Indiana County Minimum 25 16 3.9 10 0 0.04 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 1 5 0.040 0.010 Maximum 2430 812 9.5 1300 392 8.30 340 110 240 5.0 340 1400 35.10 8.20 Median 256 183 7.0 100 98 0.05 30.0 7.3 5.3 1.0 7 19 0.280 0.100 Average 297 213 117 101 0.37 33.4 8.7 15.0 1.1 20 37 1.642 0.317 >EPA limit 6 2 0 2 2 2 3 107 135 N 220 160 220 219 220 223 220 220 233 233 214 233 221 221

Glenshaw Fm., Cambria County Minimum 145 46 6.6 26 16 0.01 10.4 5.3 0.0 0.60 1.0 0.01 0.040 Maximum 410 266 7.8 178 196 1.76 51.6 13.0 12.2 1.78 19.0 0.04 7.8 Median 230 148 7.2 108 89 0.15 29.5 7.0 1.5 1.07 4.0 0.01 0.19 Average 254 152 7.2 111 92 0.37 31.1 7.8 2.6 1.15 6.9 0.01 1.30 >EPA limit 0 0 11 0 0 0 9 N 25 19 0 22 29 20 20 15 14 14 14 17 18 19

Glenshaw Fm., Fayette County Minimum 80 90 6.4 50 28 0.02 3.8 1.9 0.6 0.80 2 5 0.050 0.020 Maximum 440 686 8.2 320 270 1.32 96.9 35.1 73.1 5.52 66 290 4.14 0.640 Median 285 210 6.9 126 150 0.16 38.6 10.9 5.7 1.23 4 17 0.450 0.060 Average 275 256 7.0 157 154 0.27 41.1 13.9 12.6 1.95 10 41 0.920 0.140 >EPA limit 2 0 10 0 0 1 11 13 N 21 21 16 20 14 14 21 21 14 14 14 21 21 21

156 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Glenshaw Fm., Somerset County 0.20 4.00 5 0.20 4 10 1.00 10 10 0 Minimum 0.32 4.00 500 10.00 8 426 50.00 167 3770 17 Maximum 0.20 4.00 115 0.20 4 26 4.00 52 50 0 Median 0.22 4.00 144 0.70 4 67 8.94 57 29 2 Average 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 5 >EPA limit 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 19 19 N 16 23 4 17 22 8 15 1 4

Glenshaw Fm., Indiana County 0.1 4 1 1 4 10 4 10 9 0 Minimum 8.0 30 2000 6 50 1100 140 4100 2700 22 Maximum 0.2 4 500 1 50 10 4 20 140 0 Median 0.2 4 395 1 47 73 8 94 160 1 Average 1 1 19 0 9 >EPA limit 220 223 232 233 233 233 233 233 222 221 N 54 219 209 221 225 106 155 63 186

Glenshaw Fm., Cambria County 0.01 0.08 1 30 0.20 10 5 10 5 Minimum 0.74 0.68 5 200 3.00 14000 982 210 340 Maximum 0.19 0.10 5 85 0.92 10 7 40 70 Median 0.20 0.15 3.8 86 1.51 945 89 780 104 Average 10 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 >EPA limit 17 15 15 10 15 15 0 15 13 14 N 0 11 11 0 9 5 10 0 2

Glenshaw Fm., Fayette County 0.10 <0.01 1.00 10 1.2 10 10 Minimum 0.35 6.3 5.00 30 114.0 640 450 Maximum 0.12 5.0 3.00 10 2.2 70 80 Median 0.17 4.7 2.70 14 12.8 104 120 Average 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 >EPA limit 14 14 14 14 16 21 20 N 6 10 13 8 1 0 2

157 Table 19. (continued) ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Allegheny Grp., Somerset County Minimum 60 36.0 5.5 18 0 0.04 2.00 1.86 0.45 0.76 0.77 1.0 0.029 0.018 Maximum 655 832 8.6 530 222 1.72 189 29.5 68.30 8.20 154 430 16.5 1.00 Median 240 192 6.6 104 96 0.04 28.9 9.0 4.72 1.27 3.65 13.6 1.25 0.25 Average 261 231 6.7 119 104 0.14 35.9 9.2 10.92 1.88 15.09 37.9 3.19 0.34 >EPA limit 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 22 26 N 28 21 31 31 32 32 32 29 32 29 32 32 32 32

Allegheny Grp., Indiana County Minimum 45 36 4.8 10 2 0.04 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 1 10 0.100 0.050 Maximum 2190 708 8.2 1300 338 4.80 310.0 81.0 61.0 8.0 85 1200 32.4 5.00 Median 266 200 6.9 120 93 0.08 32.0 9.0 2.4 1.0 9 26 0.540 0.190 Average 346 249 6.9 167 88 0.38 45.4 12.3 8.1 1.7 17 85 2.55 0.66 >EPA limit 4 0 0 7 2 0 3 42 53 N 72 41 72 72 72 71 72 72 82 82 72 82 73 73

Allegheny Grp., Cambria County Minimum 55 43 6.6 17 7 0.05 1.9 2.5 0.6 0.90 2.0 5 0.050 0.010 Maximum 800 224 7.7 293 147 1.32 55.0 9.4 7.0 1.88 22.0 30 1.200 0.140 Median 318 170 7.0 120 142 0.51 42.9 6.2 1.7 1.64 6.8 27 0.030 0.025 Average 403 152 7.2 139 106 0.60 35.7 6.1 2.8 1.47 9.4 22 0.400 0.045 >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 N 8 4 5 9 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 6 5

Allegheny Grp., Fayette County Minimum 65 22 6.4 32 0 0.02 1.7 0.6 0.3 0.48 1 5 0.040 0.010 Maximum 600 628 7.7 420 206 0.90 83.8 57.0 26.6 5.00 50 389 35.16 2.40 Median 225 180 6.9 102 98 0.06 36.0 7.0 1.1 1.20 2 10 2.38 0.200 Average 237 208 6.9 133 91 0.11 33.7 10.2 2.8 1.56 5 47 5.59 0.331 >EPA limit 1 0 9 0 0 1 16 16 N 22 19 22 22 19 19 22 22 19 19 19 22 22 22

158 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Allegheny Grp., Somerset County 0.16 <4 5 0.20 4.0 10 1.00 10 10 0 Minimum 0.55 <4 731 10.00 50.0 453 20.00 584 140 19 Maximum 0.20 196 0.20 4.0 18 4.00 36 20 0 Median 0.24 249 0.73 6.2 66 4.97 77 30 2 Average 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 6 >EPA limit 23 22 22 22 22 21 22 22 19 19 N 14 22 3 14 20 8 11 2 8

Allegheny Grp., Indiana County 0.1 <4 1 1 30 10 4 1 100 0 Minimum 5.0 20 760 5 50 700 25 2800 1100 34 Maximum 0.1 500 50 10 4 40 135 0 Median 0.3 407 50 76 5 132 168 4 Average 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 >EPA limit 72 73 82 82 82 82 82 83 73 72 N 31 72 3 71 80 34 54 14 48

Allegheny Grp., Cambria County 0.05 5 30 0 10 5 20 10 Minimum 0.20 5 340 0.96 10 7 50 70 Maximum 0.10 5 100 0.59 10 7 50 10 Median 0.11 5 157 0.58 10 6 40 30 Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >EPA limit 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 N 4 3 0 1 1 0 0 1

Allegheny Grp., Fayette County 0.10 5.0 0.20 1 1.0 10 20 Minimum 0.54 5.0 40.00 20 121.0 9300 2390 Maximum 0.14 5.0 10.00 10 2.8 55 70 Median 0.16 5.0 9.25 9 9.5 888 260 Average 0 0 10 0 1 2 4 >EPA limit 19 19 19 20 19 22 22 N 4 19 13 13 0 0 0

159 Table 19. (continued) ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Pottsville Grp., Somerset County Minimum 70 33 4.5 8 0 0.04 1.60 1.00 0.48 0.50 0.60 0.2 0.100 0.010 Maximum 300 177 8.3 93 177 1.12 34.30 16.20 65 2.63 32.4 75.4 20.1 1.78 Median 195 133 6.7 51 56 0.07 10.31 3.20 1.79 1.63 2.80 17.4 2.13 0.184 Average 196 119 6.6 51 65 0.26 14.34 5.54 9.68 1.56 6.79 22.8 6.56 0.551 >EPA limit 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 N 6 4 8 6 8 6 8 7 8 6 8 8 8 8

Pottsville Grp., Fayette County Minimum 65 28 6.1 30 9 0.02 2.9 1.3 0.3 0.56 2 5 0.030 0.020 Maximum 280 238 7.2 157 172 2.00 45.4 11.2 2.7 2.46 6 60 9.35 0.840 Median 103 67 6.8 50.5 38 0.14 12.1 5.6 0.9 1.20 3 6.5 2.72 0.410 Average 131 99.2 6.8 67.6 53 0.32 17.4 5.2 1.0 1.45 3 14 2.84 0.436 >EPA limit 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 7 9 N 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Mauch Chunk Fm., Somerset County Minimum 148 35 5.8 18 15 0.04 3.21 2.12 0.65 0.61 1.00 4.0 0.022 0.010 Maximum 275 198 8.0 92 248 0.75 67.50 7.59 39.40 7.93 15.50 67.0 2.720 0.311 Median 179 150 7.7 75 82 0.11 22.60 3.87 4.79 1.29 3.68 6.7 0.152 0.165 Average 191 141 7.3 66 94 0.24 25.91 4.44 12.59 2.27 6.46 13.2 1.075 0.152 >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 N 6 8 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 9 9 9 9

Loyalhanna Fm., Somerset County Minimum 180 7.0 51 78 1.05 28.30 1.40 7.46 0.71 4.11 9.5 0.156 0.010 Maximum Median Average >EPA limit N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

160 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Pottsville Grp., Somerset County 0.10 4.00 5 0.20 4.0 10 4.00 20 10.00 0 Minimum 0.50 4.50 273 0.20 4.0 50 4.00 48 10.00 0 Maximum 0.20 4.25 139 0.20 4.0 30 4.00 34 10.00 0 Median 0.27 4.25 139 0.20 4.0 30 4.00 34 10.00 0 Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >EPA limit 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 N 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

Pottsville Grp., Fayette County 0.05 5.0 3.00 10 0.5 10 10 Minimum 0.90 5.0 5.00 170 13.7 180 2050 Maximum 0.21 5.0 3.00 10 3.3 55 125 Median 0.28 5.0 3.80 26 4.4 71 351 Average 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 >EPA limit 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 N 1 10 10 3 1 0 0

Mauch Chunk Fm., Somerset County 0.20 4.00 5 0.20 4.0 10 4.00 10 2 0 Minimum 0.27 7.80 500 0.22 4.0 50 4.00 120 2060 0 Maximum 0.20 4.00 246 0.20 4.0 14 4.00 18 10 0 Median 0.21 4.48 251 0.20 4.0 26 4.00 35 422 0 Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 >EPA limit 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 4 N 7 7 3 7 8 4 8 1 2

Loyalhanna Fm., Somerset County Minimum Maximum Median Average >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N

161 Table 19. (continued) ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Burgoon Sandstone, Somerset County Minimum 65 82 5.6 5 2 0.04 0.87 0.72 0.37 0.51 0.60 1.8 0.010 0.010 Maximum 160 162 7.0 86 96 1.09 33.20 9.60 12.50 1.69 30.30 20.0 1.380 0.410 Median 120 120 6.0 33 19 0.12 9.65 1.77 5.04 1.00 2.16 7.0 0.165 0.093 Average 108 118 6.2 44 39 0.37 13.85 2.96 5.43 0.95 10.11 7.3 0.338 0.136 >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 N 9 5 8 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 10 10 10 10

Rockwell Fm., Somerset County Minimum 133 6.8 51 68 22.90 4.87 3.56 1.05 23.7 0.105 0.119 Maximum Median Average >EPA limit N

Catskill Fm., Somerset County Minimum 50 130 6.3 33 24 0.04 0.74 2.42 2.95 0.81 1.22 3.7 0.022 0.010 Maximum 275 230 7.4 103 134 12.90 34.80 9.40 46.50 7.09 55.00 25.7 2.050 0.237 Median 189 153 6.8 34 60 1.46 11.80 5.48 17.80 1.20 4.33 10.5 0.070 0.011 Average 187 163 6.8 56 68 3.10 15.43 5.42 18.09 1.76 14.88 12.3 0.268 0.031 >EPA limit 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 N 17 8 11 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

162 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Burgoon Sandstone, Somerset County 0.10 4.00 13 0.20 4.0 10 4.00 14 4 0 Minimum 0.20 4.00 500 1.26 6.8 426 42.01 83 700 12 Maximum 0.20 4.00 139 0.20 4.0 30 4.00 60 26 0 Median 0.18 4.00 194 0.40 4.5 124 11.84 54 172 2 Average 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 >EPA limit 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 N 6 6 1 3 5 4 4 0 0

Rockwell Fm., Somerset County Minimum Maximum Median Average >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N

Catskill Fm, Somerset County 0.20 4.00 48 0.20 4.0 10 4.00 13 9.92 0 Minimum 0.20 54.01 241 0.20 4.0 382 4.00 42 38.40 13 Maximum 0.20 26.75 105 0.20 4.0 58 4.00 30 25.00 0 Median 0.20 18.38 139 0.20 4.0 83 4.00 27 18.95 2 Average 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 >EPA limit 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 N 8 3 0 8 8 1 8 0 2

163 Table 19. (continued) ) 4 ) 3 as N) 3 Conductivity (uSeimens) Dissolved solids, total pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlor ide (Cl) Sulfate (SO Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Foreknobs Fm., Somerset County Minimum 65 92 6.2 25 14 0.04 4.74 2.61 1.39 0.50 0.37 2.8 0.016 0.010 Maximum 290 222 7.8 120 142 22.30 27.80 14.20 36.10 2.07 23.30 22.3 15.8 0.538 Median 185 145 6.9 67 86 0.11 18.50 7.76 8.91 0.81 2.23 10.8 0.248 0.080 Average 182 151 6.9 66 87 3.51 17.91 6.97 14.78 0.91 4.05 11.1 1.099 0.112 >EPA limit 0 4 0 0 0 0 9 12 N 20 12 17 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Scherr Fm., Somerset County Minimum 239 6.8 103 54 0.04 16.30 8.37 12.40 1.35 1.91 5.3 0.105 0.134 Maximum 270 7.3 103 144 0.04 33.80 16.10 13.50 1.65 43.40 15.5 9.57 2.95 Median 255 7.1 99 0.04 25.05 12.24 12.95 1.50 22.66 10.4 4.84 1.54 Average 255 7.1 99 0.04 25.05 12.24 12.95 1.50 22.66 10.4 4.84 1.54 >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 N 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

164 Table 19. (continued) Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/l) Copper (Cu) (ug/l) Lead (Pb) (ug/l) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Foreknobs Fm., Somerset County 0.20 4.00 72 0.20 4.0 10 4.00 10 2 0 Minimum 0.30 12.60 363 0.52 4.0 167 4.00 89 135 0 Maximum 0.20 4.00 123 0.20 4.0 16 4.00 30 16 0 Median 0.21 6.12 161 0.22 4.0 34 4.00 34 30 0 Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >EPA limit 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 N 8 7 0 12 13 4 13 1 1

Scherr Fm., Somerset County Minimum Maximum Median Average >EPA limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N

165 Blank Page

166 Table 20. Chemical analyses of water from wells.

Quantities are in milligrams per liter except where otherwise noted

Aquifer: Pm, Monongahela Group; Pcc, Casselman Formation; Pcg, Glenshaw Formation; Pa, Allegheny Group; Pp, Pottsville Group; Mmc, Mauch Chunk Formation; Mlh, Loyalhanna Formation; Mb, Burgoon Sandstone; MDr, Rockwell Formation; Dck, Catskill Formation; Df, Foreknobs Formation; Ds, Scherr Formation.

An asterisk indicates data measured in the field.

Specific conductance: Microseimens per centimeter at 25 degrees C.

167 Table 20. Chemical Analyses of Water from Wells. ) 3 C 0 as N) 3 ) 4 Well number Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) 69 Ds 270* 18.0* 6.8* 103* 144 <0.04 33.8 8.37 13.5 1.35 1.91 5.3 115 Pcg 7.0 144 112 170 1.03 39.6 5.77 16.0 31.0 <0.20 120 Pcg 250* 18.0* 6.3* 134 130 182 0.08 39.3 8.64 7.81 1.64 4.25 23.9 <0.20 122 Pcc 125* 17.0* 6.3* 76 52 124 0.05 13.5 9.07 3.47 2.07 1.78 28.3 <0.20 125 Pa 240* 15.0* 6.8* 86* 110 <0.04 31.3 5.00 1.59 1.08 3.21 7.8 126 Pcg 240* 17.0* 6.5* 103* 104 0.29 36.3 9.78 1.47 2.81 1.75 18.3 127 Pa 350* 16.0* 6.6* 162 164 0.34 56.5 11.7 2.31 2.81 4.04 16.4 <0.20 130 Pa 360* 15.0* 6.5* 158 96 <0.04 40.9 12.0 3.30 8.18 2.43 44.5 <0.20 131 Pa 280* 17.0* 6.4* 86* 96 <0.04 24.0 5.84 19.1 2.29 7.49 29.9 143 Mmc 170* 15.0* 7.8* 84 248 176 0.10 67.5 5.16 15.3 7.93 3.68 7.6 <0.20 144 Pcg 145* 13.7* 6.6* 101 106 134 <0.04 33.4 5.97 4.69 0.99 3.95 10.4 <0.20 146 Pcg 247* 15.0* 7.8* 34* 168 <0.04 10.0 2.08 74.2 0.52 9.64 8.2 148 Pcg 1900* 21.8* 6.7* 425* 180 0.04 285 64.8 28.1 4.28 760 12.6 151 Pcg 205* 17.0* 7.7* 68* 144 0.11 24.2 6.78 30.8 1.46 9.30 3.3 152 Mmc 187* 14.0* 7.7* 45 100 124 <0.04 17.9 2.12 32.2 1.23 11.2 5.8 <0.20 153 Mmc 148* 13.0* 7.8* 75 80 114 0.22 29.3 2.19 13.1 1.35 15.5 8.2 <0.20 157 Pa 120* 12.0* 6.4* 47 50 36 <0.04 7.18 2.95 0.52 0.76 0.77 3.2 <0.20 162 Pcg 450* 18.0* 7.1* 86* 208 <0.04 36.1 8.72 52.6 2.72 1.10 29.3 164 Pcg 530* 18.0* 7.5* 51* 256 <0.04 20.4 4.45 90.3 1.11 4.83 7.8 165 Pcg 260* 18.0* 7.1* 120* 106 0.22 34.5 9.83 4.63 2.19 9.15 8.8 179 Pcc 500* 15.0* 6.8* 296 180 434 0.05 113 16.3 2.20 1.86 17.2 144 <0.20 188 Pp 205* 14.4* 6.8* 93 104 132 0.22 34.3 5.78 0.48 2.63 0.78 5.8 <0.20 194 Pa 7.1 160 138 230 <0.04 44.1 12.1 3.00 57.0 0.18 202 Pa 8.6 20 188 232 <0.04 6.55 68.3 11.0 1.0 0.55 219 Mb 7.0 86 64 120 0.10 29.09 5.04 17.0 20.0 <0.10 224 Mmc 7.2 88 80 198 0.25 30.3 3.12 9.00 6.7 <0.20 226 Pa 5.9 104 40 192 <0.04 25.19 2.98 1.00 90.0 0.16 227 Pcg 7.5 139 122 242 0.57 44.6 6.94 18.0 29.0 <0.20 229 Pcg 7.9 127 126 194 0.04 42.7 2.02 4.00 27.0 <0.20 245 Pcg 6.9 89 90 126 1.61 25.47 8.85 6.00 12.0 <0.20 264 Pp 7.4 68 70 134 1.12 28.35 2.70 3.00 34.0 <0.10 275 Mmc 5.8 18 15 35 0.11 3.21 0.71 2.00 6.4 <0.20 279 Pcc 7.7 164 148 270 <0.04 57.38 4.16 7.00 28.0 <0.10 282 Mmc 7.3 48 82 182 <0.04 15.7 39.4 12.0 67.0 0.27 312 Pa 285* 10.5* 5.5* 121 0 296 1.72 19.9 13.0 18.4 2.53 123 11.4 <0.20 314 Pa 235* 9.5* 6.3* 106 58 154 <0.04 21.7 10.2 4.85 1.13 42.6 9.5 <0.20 319 Pa 200* 10.5* 7.1* 105 94 178 <0.04 28.7 9.32 1.56 1.05 13.4 11.9 0.20 321 Pa 410* 9.5* 7.4* 104 222 340 <0.04 29.0 9.80 56.3 1.68 2.29 25.9 0.44 331 Pa 110* 10.5* 6.5* 45 56 98 <0.04 15.1 3.43 1.38 2.09 1.08 6.2 0.29 348 Pa 60* 11.0* 5.9* 18 6 42 0.31 2.17 1.96 1.06 0.94 3.26 7.2 <0.20 353 Pcc 310* 10.5* 7.0* 158 126 216 0.84 43.8 9.88 5.37 4.22 34.7 6.9 <0.20 355 Pcg 350* 12.0* 7.0* 162 174 250 0.07 56.7 11.0 4.55 2.56 3.69 33.2 0.25 408 Pcg 185* 13.0* 6.5* 62 52 104 <0.04 17.7 4.49 2.92 <0.50 8.16 13.2 <0.20 412 Pcg 215* 20.0* 109 112 170 <0.04 33.2 8.44 3.33 0.68 2.91 17.6 <0.20 413 Pcg 100* 17.0* 6.3* 51* 32 1.56 9.96 3.87 2.02 0.75 4.16 8.4 415 Pa 325* 19.0* 7.4* 187 186 312 <0.04 53.1 13.6 18.8 1.61 2.37 67.2 0.24 420 Pcg 235* 15.4* 7.4* 97 138 212 0.33 29.6 8.21 19.1 1.35 6.23 10.1 0.29 421 Pcg 310* 19.1* 7.1* 154* 138 0.07 53.6 10.5 3.07 1.42 4.88 59.3 422 Pcg 300* 17.0* 7.0* 51* 142 0.20 28.1 7.36 41.3 1.91 6.08 47.7 425 Pcg 340* 11.7* 5.8* 216 24 452 <0.04 49.3 15.1 2.26 1.54 2.01 152 <0.20

168 Table 20. (continued) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/L) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/L) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/L) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Well number 0.105 0.134 69 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 <50 6.82 13.60 0.073 40 115 <4.00 117 <0.20 <4.0 123 0.781 15.60 0.259 90 3770 0.0 120 <4.00 82 <0.20 <4.0 25 0.099 <4.00 0.135 81 185 0.0 122 6.26 0.160 125 0.163 <0.010 126 <4.00 167 <0.20 <4.0 18 0.075 <4.00 0.026 10 <10 0.0 127 <4.00 94 0.41 <4.0 55 4.57 7.60 0.432 <10 <10 0.0 130 1.51 0.330 131 <4.00 81 0.22 <4.0 13 2.56 <4.00 0.282 21 2060 0.0 143 <4.00 150 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.339 <4.00 0.049 31 27 0.0 144 0.063 0.017 146 1.96 1.34 148 0.296 0.014 151 <4.00 283 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.068 <4.00 0.029 12 <10 0.0 152 <4.00 150 <0.20 <4.0 10 0.126 <4.00 0.064 12 26 0.0 153 <4.00 87 <0.20 <4.0 23 10.8 <4.00 0.558 17 <10 0.0 157 0.330 0.127 162 0.349 0.054 164 0.158 0.387 165 <4.00 58 <0.20 <4.0 12 0.059 <4.00 1.24 20 <10 0.0 179 4.50 273 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.542 <4.00 <0.010 48 <10 0.0 188 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 <50 0.260 <4.00 <0.050 10 194 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 <50 <0.100 <4.00 <0.050 <10 202 <4.00 <500 0.20 <4.0 <50 0.270 <4.00 0.410 80 219 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 <50 0.152 <4.00 0.220 <10 224 <4.00 <5 <0.20 <4.0 <50 16.5 <4.00 0.770 10 226 <4.00 <5 0.27 <4.0 <50 0.960 <4.00 0.060 <10 227 <4.00 <5 <0.20 <4.0 <50 0.410 <4.00 <0.050 20 229 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 240 <0.100 <4.00 <0.050 11 245 <4.00 <5 <0.20 <4.0 <50 <0.100 <4.00 <0.050 20 264 <4.00 <500 <0.20 <4.0 <50 2.28 <4.00 0.165 66 275 <4.00 <5 <0.20 <4.0 <50 1.88 <4.00 0.200 60 279 <4.00 <5 <0.20 <4.0 <50 1.71 <4.00 0.280 120 282 <4.00 441 0.30 <4.0 422 1.40 16.00 0.988 255 96 19.2 312 <4.00 248 0.31 <4.0 15 8.34 1.19 0.981 39 17 0.0 314 <4.00 225 0.39 <4.0 <10 0.737 2.17 0.057 120 40 0.0 319 <4.00 514 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.060 <1.00 0.132 29 16 0.0 321 <4.00 175 0.78 <4.0 18 4.04 2.13 0.198 46 33 0.0 331 <4.00 60 0.34 <4.0 58 0.062 6.73 0.229 49 32 15.6 348 <4.00 96 0.73 <4.0 <10 0.100 3.82 0.032 52 23 0.0 353 <4.00 91 0.54 <4.0 11 0.167 3.87 0.119 94 50 0.0 355 <4.00 46 <0.20 <4.0 24 4.92 <4.00 0.864 70 56 0.0 408 <4.00 115 <0.20 <4.0 25 0.077 <4.00 0.134 81 52 0.0 412 0.124 0.012 413 <4.00 446 0.26 <4.0 <10 0.093 <4.00 0.020 52 47 0.0 415 <4.00 250 <0.20 <4.0 33 0.196 5.20 0.010 54 70 0.0 420 4.97 0.827 421 2.37 0.246 422 <4.00 14 <4.0 <10 14.4 <4.00 0.651 101 397 10.8 425

169 Table 20. (Continued) ) 3 C 0 as N) 3 ) 4 Well number Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) 426 Pcg 440* 11.4* 6.4* 205* 128 <0.04 78.2 15.0 4.38 1.12 109 12.8 428 Pcg 260* 11.7* 6.7* 120* 124 0.46 43.0 9.29 2.88 1.23 12.1 10.7 431 Pcg 280* 20.0* 137* 122 0.13 50.8 10.1 1.75 1.24 18.1 35.6 441 Pcc 250* 15.2* 6.3* 142 62 376 10.0 47.8 4.33 11.0 1.22 39.5 28.4 <0.20 442 Pcc 165* 13.0* 6.7* 75 84 112 <0.04 25.6 4.81 3.99 0.69 1.02 9.4 <0.20 447 Pcc 310* 15.2* 7.2* 145 152 232 <0.04 43.9 10.2 9.33 1.01 22.2 10.5 <0.20 451 Pa 400* 21.0* 6.6* 304 96 690 0.56 76.6 18.5 14.3 1.64 154 51.0 0.21 454 Pcg 225* 18.0* 7.3* 81 138 178 <0.04 32.5 6.51 22.1 1.64 5.00 23.0 0.31 455 Pcg 208* 19.7* 6.8* 86* 102 <0.04 44.8 9.08 3.90 0.93 26.1 12.9 460 Mb 130* 12.0* 6.4* 78 94 162 0.06 33.2 3.66 6.67 1.69 1.24 4.5 <0.20 462 Pcg 162* 15.2* 7.4* 33 112 188 <0.04 17.1 3.00 33.2 0.65 1.39 9.0 0.32 464 Pa 80* 19.0* 6.3* 37 28 96 0.07 13.6 2.50 5.99 1.62 0.83 14.7 <0.20 466 Pcg 200* 19.0* 6.4* 103* 98 <0.04 39.1 9.25 0.79 1.63 6.50 47.1 467 Pa 235* 19.0* 6.4* 103* 132 <0.04 41.3 7.72 0.94 1.67 2.77 12.5 469 Pcg 275* 16.7* 6.5* 86 80 108 0.44 23.9 6.86 1.53 0.85 6.18 10.0 <0.20 482 Pa 70* 14.5* 6.5* 20 26 52 <0.04 2.00 1.86 0.45 1.01 2.05 6.3 <0.20 491 Pcc 310* 12.0* 6.9* 179 158 236 <0.04 65.8 4.42 1.59 1.00 10.4 21.2 <0.20 497 Pcc 250* 11.8* 7.1* 155 180 248 <0.04 47.7 13.5 6.67 2.56 6.63 9.2 <0.20 500 Pa 290* 15.3* 6.9* 147 170 220 <0.04 46.2 9.20 8.93 1.48 5.89 4.5 <0.20 501 Pa 490* 18.0* 7.5* 170* 150 0.11 82.4 14.0 8.41 1.11 4.39 153 503 Pa 158* 15.2* 6.1* 80 82 120 <0.04 11.3 8.96 4.46 1.17 4.60 5.0 <0.20 504 Pp 300* 14.4* 6.9* 86* 76 <0.04 20.0 16.2 3.96 1.88 4.10 75.4 507 Pcg 230* 14.3* 7.0* 68* 110 0.14 31.0 7.94 4.17 0.76 2.20 10.4 509 Pcg 320* 14.1* 7.0* 138 178 250 0.27 43.1 7.24 30.10 1.20 7.71 16.4 0.24 511 Pa 230* 14.8* 7.0* 86* 76 <0.04 32.9 7.98 4.59 0.94 15.6 30.9 516 Pcc 222* 15.6* 6.7* 120* 138 3.61 49.3 13.4 2.84 1.02 5.59 23.3 518 Pcg 450* 12.7* 6.8* 82* 100 <0.04 23.7 7.38 15.7 0.85 2.35 19.0 <0.20 521 Pa 300* 13.3* 6.3* 50 0.05 16.7 8.04 2.45 1.27 17.2 28.9 522 Mb 120* 10.0* 5.6* 21 5 82 1.09 3.51 1.77 11.5 1.10 21.7 8.1 <0.20 523 Mb 65* 11.5* 6.2* 17* 19 <0.04 5.73 1.41 0.37 0.66 0.63 3.5 525 Mb 70* 12.6* 5.8* 17* 5 0.14 0.87 0.78 0.39 0.51 0.62 1.8 527 Mlh 180* 11.7* 7.0* 51* 78 1.05 28.3 1.40 7.46 0.71 4.11 9.5 532 Pp 185* 14.4* 6.1* 42 <0.04 14.7 9.28 2.03 1.75 32.4 29.0 535 Pp 130* 17.9* 4.5* 0 <0.04 5.67 3.20 1.55 1.12 9.31 31.6 536 Pa 222* 13.5* 6.8* 86* 130 0.24 41.8 11.3 5.35 0.91 4.16 15.5 537 Pa 13.5* 6.8* 154 156 230 0.07 47.4 13.8 9.89 1.12 4.88 20.2 <0.20 544 Pcg 550* 13.7* 6.8* 102 78 180 0.09 29.2 7.82 10.8 1.24 9.50 24.9 <0.20 546 Pcg 140* 13.2* 6.2* 34* 34 0.18 19.3 4.80 4.65 0.83 13.9 19.7 550 Mb 70* 12.4* 5.7* 5* 2 0.56 1.03 0.72 1.02 0.76 2.24 4.3 551 Mb 90* 13.2* 5.8* 31 8 98 0.95 6.49 3.86 7.87 1.08 24.7 9.2 <0.20 558 Pa 655* 17.7* 7.0* 530 148 832 <0.04 189 29.5 4.90 1.46 2.70 430 <0.20 559 Pa 245* 17.7* 7.2* 69* 162 <0.04 20.3 6.24 38.9 1.52 1.30 3.2 564 Pa 225* 12.8* 6.5* 69* 68 <0.04 26.3 4.94 1.03 1.03 2.13 6.5 565 Pcg 120* 13.2* 6.6* 69* 48 <0.04 10.4 6.87 0.58 0.91 4.17 4.6 566 Pcg 287* 13.2* 6.6* 103* 128 0.05 36.8 10.2 2.05 1.30 4.47 7.0 573 Pcg 85* 12.8* 5.1* 30 4 54 0.82 7.80 1.69 3.29 0.78 6.29 23.4 <0.20 576 Mb 160* 15.0* 6.7* 34* 18 0.64 12.8 1.34 12.5 1.00 30.3 6.4 578 Pp 70* 15.0* 6.6* 34* 24 0.09 5.92 2.29 0.69 <0.50 1.50 2.6 582 Pcg 260* 12.8* 7.1* 103* 98 <0.04 37.0 6.31 0.85 1.25 5.40 17.5 604 Dck 252* 10.1* 6.8* 86* 134 <0.04 28.0 9.40 13.1 2.39 1.22 10.2

170 Table 20. (continued) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/L) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/L) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/L) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Well number 1.90 0.388 426 1.30 0.015 428 0.177 0.130 431 <4.00 27 <0.20 <4.0 29 0.126 <4.00 0.012 118 75 0.0 441 <4.00 146 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.102 <4.00 0.088 102 76 0.0 442 <4.00 134 0.28 <4.0 <10 0.442 <4.00 0.117 119 83 0.0 447 <4.00 402 <10.00 <50 0.332 2.80 0.018 145 <135 0.0 451 <4.00 326 <10.00 <4.0 0.318 <50 0.056 61 202 0.0 454 0.771 0.233 455 <4.00 276 1.26 6.8 <10 1.38 42.01 0.093 80 700 0.0 460 <4.00 126 <0.20 7.6 <10 0.437 7.18 0.030 40 239 0.0 462 <4.00 38 <0.20 4.2 61 0.263 2.83 0.160 110 60 0.0 464 0.694 0.262 466 1.09 0.432 467 <4.00 127 <0.20 <4.0 26 0.032 <1.00 0.023 25 22 0.0 469 <4.00 50 <0.20 <4.0 <10 11.4 1.13 0.410 32 28 0.0 482 <4.00 31 0.59 <4.0 17 0.911 2.48 0.334 85 29 0.0 491 <4.00 295 <0.20 <4.0 13 0.559 1.96 0.140 49 26 0.0 497 <4.00 731 <0.20 <4.0 13 5.54 <4.00 0.348 68 <10 0.0 500 0.686 0.202 501 <4.00 257 <0.20 5.4 453 3.11 20.00 0.634 584 <10 0.0 503 14.1 1.78 504 0.375 0.073 507 <4.00 147 <0.20 <4.0 28 0.378 8.90 0.029 126 <10 0.0 509 3.48 0.523 511 <0.010 <0.010 516 <4.00 114 0.44 <4.0 <10 0.392 <4.00 0.032 11 <10 0.0 518 10.100 1.00 521 <4.00 97 0.32 <4.0 237 0.012 13.00 0.199 83 120 11.8 522 <0.010 <0.010 523 0.524 0.093 525 0.156 <0.010 527 20.1 1.560 532 13.3 0.621 535 0.029 0.472 536 <4.00 130 0.62 <4.0 18 0.163 <4.00 0.186 12 <10 0.0 537 <4.00 97 0.51 <4.0 15 2.34 <4.00 0.358 16 <10 0.0 544 0.668 0.364 546 0.050 0.057 550 <4.00 13 <0.20 <4.0 426 0.104 <4.00 0.281 28 11 0.0 551 <4.00 20 <0.20 <4.0 17 0.883 <4.00 0.530 10 11 0.0 558 0.123 0.026 559 3.44 0.436 564 2.26 0.680 565 0.581 0.104 566 <4.00 75 0.40 <4.0 38 0.195 12.30 0.304 38 485 17.0 573 0.031 <0.010 576 1.95 0.296 578 0.214 0.201 582 0.182 0.042 604

171 Table 20. (Continued) ) 3 C 0 as N) 3 ) 4 Well number Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) 606 Df 265* 13.7* 6.8* 76* 142 <0.04 19.5 7.95 36.10 0.99 1.96 12.1 0.30 613 Df 65* 13.8* 6.2* 25 28 92 0.48 4.74 2.61 4.57 0.86 1.16 5.1 <0.20 617 MDr 133* 11.5* 6.8* 51* 68 0.05 22.9 4.87 3.56 1.68 1.05 23.7 622 Dck 75* 13.1* 6.5* 34 24 160 2.45 6.71 4.49 2.95 1.50 1.60 13.4 <0.20 626 Dck 50* 11.5* 6.8* 34* 38 0.73 5.07 2.42 4.61 0.96 1.90 10.8 628 Dck 185* 13.1* 6.4* 62 36 146 0.92 14.3 6.22 12.5 1.39 38.9 10.0 <0.20 629 Dck 260* 12.3* 6.6* 68* 40 2.00 15.1 7.48 24.2 1.69 55.0 13.7 632 Df 190* 13.6* 6.7* 50 96 130 0.12 13.9 4.81 26.3 1.53 2.80 8.7 <0.20 633 Dck 140* 15.8* 7.1* 34* 60 9.80 0.74 7.40 20.1 1.32 6.04 9.8 634 Dck 240* 13.5* 6.8* 33 82 160 12.9 7.34 2.46 41.0 0.81 21.8 12.9 <0.20 637 Dck 240* 13.8* 7.2* 34* 126 12.2 16.4 3.92 36.3 1.07 1.73 12.2 639 Df 215* 13.5* 6.9* 93 86 146 10.8 23.5 7.66 7.93 0.77 6.31 10.8 <0.20 640 Df 230* 12.8* 6.7* 105 102 222 10.8 25.7 10.9 8.91 0.99 11.1 10.8 <0.20 641 Df 275* 12.6* 7.1* 120* 102 12.1 27.8 14.2 8.23 1.13 23.3 12.1 642 Df 290* 11.9* 6.6* 85 142 192 22.3 21.0 8.73 33.2 <0.50 1.56 22.3 0.22 644 Df 150* 17.2* 6.8* 68 86 144 <0.04 16.6 8.70 4.89 0.58 2.84 5.8 <0.20 647 Dck 192* 17.8* 7.2* 60 0.53 12.0 4.78 17.3 0.86 21.8 3.7 649 Dck 180* 14.4* 7.4* 48 88 138 0.18 11.6 6.18 18.3 1.00 2.61 8.8 <0.20 654 Dck 140*+ 19.4* 6.3* 58 24 130 6.20 13.6 5.83 6.03 7.09 9.76 20.2 <0.20 656 Df 155* 19.1* 7.8* 51* 78 <0.04 22.5 9.06 5.90 0.99 1.48 19.1 659 Ds 239* 15.2* 7.3* 54 <0.04 16.3 16.1 12.4 1.65 43.4 15.5 660 Df 200* 15.3* 6.3* 67 118 162 <0.04 17.5 7.76 29.6 0.71 1.52 7.4 0.23 669 Df 79* 18.6* 7.5* 58 82 122 0.11 18.4 5.11 7.52 0.59 0.86 2.8 <0.20 674 Df 180* 14.7* 7.2* 68* 120 <0.04 25.9 10.9 8.36 0.81 1.11 19.0 677 Df 110* 19.7* 7.3* 72 106 136 <0.04 18.5 7.95 12.2 0.62 0.37 5.3 0.20 682 Pcc 383* 17.4* 7.4* 137* 216 0.19 80.0 13.2 0.91 0.81 7.47 32.8 686 Pcg 250* 6.9* 196 140 298 0.43 57.2 12.2 4.46 1.56 14.6 52.5 <0.20 687 Pcc 400* 16.5* 7.2* 170* 214 <0.04 75.4 14.4 0.72 1.45 17.0 17.2 697 Pa 105* 17.0* 68 60 94 <0.04 18.1 6.54 0.84 1.00 2.60 5.2 <0.20 701 Mmc 275* 16.2* 6.5* 56 60 178 0.05 18.2 2.57 0.65 1.34 1.92 4.0 <0.20 703 Mb 130* 18.2* 84 96 128 <0.04 20.9 9.60 5.04 0.74 2.07 7.6 <0.20 704 Df 190* 18.1* 51* 78 2.78 12.5 5.38 22.9 0.99 4.23 11.6 708 Df 210* 20.2* 92 100 180 <0.04 24.4 8.17 8.83 0.61 1.22 13.5 <0.20 709 Df 235* 19.8* 103* 48 9.90 24.2 10.3 4.63 2.07 12.5 16.1 710 Df 78* 21.5* 6.3* 34* 14 3.78 6.51 3.04 1.39 1.30 1.53 7.4 720 Mmc 195* 17.7* 8.0* 92 96 120 0.75 28.5 6.99 4.00 1.15 1.84 6.8 <0.20 721 Pcg 440* 17.0* 7.1* 246 <0.04 86.6 18.3 1.88 2.14 2.00 40.1 722 Mmc 170* 19.0* 7.9* 86* 84 0.6 22.6 7.59 4.79 0.61 1.00 6.2 726 Df 180* 16.9* 7.6* 34 82 156 <0.04 12.8 2.87 22.5 <0.50 2.36 10.5 0.20 727 Df 16.4* 51* 68 <0.04 10.5 3.58 16.4 <0.50 2.31 12.3 728 Df 180* 14.3* 7.2* 33 72 124 <0.04 10.1 2.92 22.1 <0.50 2.33 10.1 <0.20 729 Df 160* 17.2* 7.1* 51* 76 0.14 19.5 3.86 18.0 1.65 2.23 11.1 734 Dck 275* 17.1* 46 108 230 1.13 15.2 5.05 46.5 1.36 18.2 25.7 <0.20 736 Dck 160* 13.1* 51* 36 1.87 14.9 5.36 7.89 3.62 13.6 17.0 737 Dck 130* 16.0* 51* 46 0.70 12.9 4.90 5.21 1.42 2.97 12.3 740 Mb 140* 13.3* 69* 76 <0.04 24.9 3.49 3.87 1.04 0.60 8.0 <0.20 742 Dck 220* 20.4* 60 92 172 <0.04 21.7 3.31 29.7 1.07 2.40 6.8 <0.20 743 Dck 250* 20.2* 103* 78 0.41 34.8 7.08 15.0 1.43 43.8 8.3 744 Dck 185* 20.2* 94 84 166 0.63 31.9 5.83 6.76 0.92 9.70 13.7 <0.20 750 Pcg 410* 23.2* 205* 248 <0.04 76.1 19.1 5.39 2.20 1.20 15.0

172 Table 20. (continued) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/L) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/L) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/L) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Well number <4.00 122 <0.20 <4.0 35 0.097 <4.00 0.080 13 11 0.0 606 <4.00 72 <0.20 <4.0 167 0.035 <4.00 0.013 42 20 0.0 613 0.105 0.119 617 <4.00 86 <0.20 <4.0 105 0.053 <4.00 0.042 42 17 12.6 622 0.070 <0.010 626 12.50 241 <0.20 <4.0 111 0.067 <4.00 0.012 34 38 0.0 628 0.089 0.011 629 7.30 101 <0.20 <4.0 24 0.087 <4.00 0.015 30 40 0.0 632 0.039 <0.010 633 54.01 123 <0.20 <4.0 11 0.279 <4.00 <0.010 23 33 0.0 634 0.022 0.031 637 4.16 100 <0.20 <4.0 45 0.047 <4.00 <0.010 10 7 0.0 639 7.83 123 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.241 <4.00 0.075 15 3 0.0 640 0.024 <0.010 641 <4.00 93 <0.20 <4.0 15 0.016 <4.00 <0.010 29 12 0.0 642 12.60 200 <0.20 <4.0 <10 1.27 <4.00 0.249 89 16 0.0 644 0.251 <0.010 647 41.00 48 <0.20 <4.0 10 0.069 <4.00 <0.010 25 10 0.0 649 <4.00 135 <0.20 <4.0 382 0.083 <4.00 <0.010 25 <10 0.0 654 0.323 0.274 656 9.57 2.95 659 7.30 184 0.52 <4.0 <10 0.446 <4.00 0.080 71 22 0.0 660 <4.00 249 <0.20 <4.0 42 0.342 <4.00 0.181 53 135 0.0 669 0.280 0.096 674 <4.00 363 <0.20 <4.0 44 0.593 <4.00 0.202 31 32 0.0 677 0.580 0.102 682 <4.00 78 <0.20 <4.0 237 0.253 <4.00 0.120 52 24 0.0 686 0.351 0.205 687 <4.00 188 <0.20 <4.0 18 1.80 5.70 0.212 70 23 0.0 697 <4.00 229 <0.20 <4.0 10 2.72 <4.00 0.311 20 2 701 <4.00 169 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.226 <4.00 0.032 14 4 0.0 703 0.129 0.010 704 12.40 102 <0.20 <4.0 14 0.047 <4.00 <0.010 <10 2 0.0 708 0.021 <0.010 709 0.248 0.050 710 7.80 262 <0.20 <4.0 15 0.022 <4.00 <0.010 15 <10 0.0 720 0.960 0.075 721 0.039 <0.010 722 <4.00 236 <0.20 <4.0 16 0.429 <4.00 0.149 32 <10 0.0 726 0.425 0.162 727 <4.00 152 <0.20 <4.0 <10 2.18 <4.00 0.128 13 77 0.0 728 15.8 0.538 729 17.00 146 <0.20 <4.0 22 0.112 <4.00 <0.010 28 11 0.0 734 2.05 0.015 736 0.075 <0.010 737 <4.00 109 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.769 <4.00 0.171 40 26 0.0 740 10.54 227 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.215 <4.00 0.025 13 <10 0.0 742 0.152 0.033 743 <4.00 107 <0.20 <4.0 14 0.749 <4.00 0.237 23 22 0.0 744 0.671 0.068 750

173 Table 20. (Continued) ) 3 C 0 as N) 3 ) 4 Well number Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) 752 Pcg 395* 16.5* 213 228 294 <0.04 66.7 14.0 8.64 1.93 1.30 15.2 761 Pcc 395* 18.8* 7.7* 197 160 282 <0.04 64.1 13.7 5.15 1.07 11.1 38.4 <0.20 762 Pcc 310* 18.8* 7.5* 137* 152 <0.04 51.9 9.57 8.33 1.37 6.95 11.9 766 Pcc 20.2* 7.6* 206 150 332 3.70 52.0 22.3 5.31 0.99 28.3 16.1 <0.20 767 Pcc 20.2* 7.3* 101 100 148 <0.04 38.4 6.05 0.75 0.62 2.36 6.2 0.27 768 Pcc 21.4* 7.6* 190 140 376 <0.04 67.8 18.6 4.49 1.53 4.11 97.5 <0.20 769 Pcc 22.0* 7.0* 120* 118 2.49 40.0 10.8 11.2 1.49 8.45 10.8 774 Pcg 22.0* 7.5* 173 122 266 0.17 53.1 14.4 2.21 1.13 18.1 33.9 0.24 778 Pcc 260* 22.4* 7.4* 174 156 248 0.13 60.9 12.6 6.61 1.80 10.9 21.2 <0.20 780 Pcc 205* 19.4* 7.6* 154* 160 0.07 58.6 10.1 4.76 1.30 5.10 12.8 781 Pcc 305* 21.2* 7.6* 171* 220 <0.04 49.2 17.6 51.8 2.88 2.10 66.7 783 Pcc 180* 18.0* 7.2* 86* 82 0.05 30.0 7.55 3.19 1.31 7.88 6.4 786 Pcg 350* 15.7* 7.2* 188* 132 0.05 69.3 14.1 5.36 1.02 22.2 73.3 787 Pcg 500* 19.6* 7.3* 356 206 544 <0.04 116 23.3 1.51 1.92 4.05 160 <0.20 788 Pcc 225* 16.4* 7.4* 103* 90 0.24 37.5 10.2 1.70 1.10 16.6 16.5 801 Pcg 50* 14.0* 40 10 80 2.89 10.5 1.28 3.32 1.30 12.5 15.2 <0.20 815 Pa 240* 16.8* 6.7* 135 92 184 <0.04 43.6 6.42 1.33 1.20 19.7 25.0 <0.20

174 Table 20. (continued) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/L) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/L) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/L) Aluminum (Al) (ug/L) Acidity Well number <4.00 163 0.66 <4.0 14 1.20 <4.00 0.375 56 <10 0.0 752 <4.00 229 0.21 <4.0 10 0.842 <4.00 0.129 26 <10 0.0 761 0.343 0.096 762 <4.00 131 0.27 <4.0 33 0.174 7.23 <0.010 26 15 0.0 766 <4.00 103 <0.20 <4.0 20 1.62 18.46 0.259 32 <10 0.0 767 <4.00 72 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.348 <4.00 0.036 16 <10 0.0 768 0.120 0.012 769 <4.00 132 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.166 <4.00 0.024 167 16 0.0 774 <4.00 237 <0.20 <4.0 <10 0.261 <4.00 0.037 40 <10 0.0 778 0.322 0.093 780 0.429 0.217 781 3.37 0.147 783 0.773 0.179 786 <4.00 99 <0.20 <4.0 426 3.79 35.88 0.179 89 90 0.0 787 0.461 0.047 788 <4.00 40 <0.20 <4.0 24 0.112 <4.00 <0.010 20 41 1.0 801 <4.00 203 <0.20 <4.0 <10 4.44 <4.00 0.279 15 <10 0.0 815

175 Blank Page

176 Table 21. record of springs and anayses of water from springs.

Quantities are in milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated.

Aquifer: Pm, Monongahela Group; Pcc, Casselman Formation; Pcg, Glenshaw Formation; Pa, Allegheny Group; Pp, Pottsville Group; Mmc, Mauch Chunk Formation; Mlh, Loyalhanna Formation; Mb, Burgoon Sandstone; MDr, Rockwell Formation; Dck, Catskill Formation; Df, Foreknobs Formation; Ds, Scherr Formation.

Specific conductance: Microseimens per centimeter at 25 degrees C.

177 Table 21. Record of Springs and Analyses of Water from Springs. ) 3 C 0

Owner

Spring number Quadrangle Lat-Long Elevation, (feet) Topographic setting Discharge, gal/min Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total 1 SOMERSET 400024790117 2400 S SOMERSET CTY HOSPITAL 5.0 Pa 6 SEVEN SPRINGS 400412791525 2480 V SOMERSET LIMESTONE CO. 135.0 Mb 7 MARKLETON 394740791309 2550 V BIG SPRING 130.0 Mmc 8 SEVEN SPRINGS 400302791552 2520 V BECK SPRING 113.0 Mb 9 AVILTON 394340790303 2340 W FINDLEY SPRING 42.0 Mmc 6.3 39 42 58 10 BAKERSVILLE 400352791418 2360 V PA. BUREAU OF PARKS 18.0 Mb 11 BAKERSVILLE 400351791432 2350 V PA. BUREAU OF PARKS 130.0 Mlh 12 SEVEN SPRINGS 400202791644 2390 V SEVEN SPRINGS MUN. AUTH. 40.0 Mb 15 BAKERSVILLE 400322791041 2160 S SHAULIS, ROBERT Pcg 75 12.0 6.1 29 16 84 19 BERLIN 395451785345 2690 S BERLIN WATER AUTH. 10.0 Pp 20 BERLIN 395455785337 2710 S BERLIN WATER AUTH. Pp 21 KINGWOOD 395919791732 2400 V PATTERSON Pp 25 12.5 5.3 5 4 70 22 MARKLETON 394739791019 3130 S BAUGHMAN Pp 88 12.6 5.7 16 0 78 23 MURDOCK 395256790555 1860 V CASSELMAN GORGE Mb 220 10.0 6.6 92 20 122 25 KINGWOOD 395405792203 2260 V STATE GAME LANDS 111 Pa 58 9.5 5.5 15 3 40 26 KINGWOOD 395306791838 1920 V SANNER, LARRY Pcg 50 9.0 6.2 4 7 46 27 ACCIDENT 394354791749 2620 S ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. 4.0 Pp 28 ACCIDENT 394355791748 2610 S ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. 4.0 Pp 29 ACCIDENT 394356791748 2600 S ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. 4.0 Pp 30 ACCIDENT 394404791737 2610 S ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. 4.0 Pp 31 BERLIN 395444785344 2730 S BERLIN WATER AUTH. Pp 32 BERLIN 395508785324 2705 S BERLIN WATER AUTH. Pp 33 BERLIN 395505785344 2590 S BERLIN WATER AUTH. 25.0 Pp 34 STOYSTOWN 400251785834 2080 V FREIDENS MUTUAL WATER CO. 7.0 Pa 5.6 74 4 116 35 STOYSTOWN 400251785836 2085 V FREIDENS MUTUAL WATER CO. 3.0 Pa 36 STOYSTOWN 400249785832 2090 V FREIDENS MUTUAL WATER CO. 3.0 Pa 37 BAKERSVILLE 400501791352 2300 V PA FISH COMMISSION 95.0 Mlh 38 BAKERSVILLE 400451791338 2280 V PA FISH COMMISSION 50.0 Mlh 100 HOOVERSVILLE 401012785416 1660 V ROGERS, JANE Pa 68 11.9 6.3 8 10 101 HOOVERSVILLE 401344785935 1700 S TREVARROW Pcg 63 12.7 5.6 34 22 102 OGLETOWN 401224784255 2350 V WHITAKER, PAUL Mmc 60 10.0 6.2 19 10 48 103 WINDBER 401118784743 2105 S BLOUGH, JOHN Pp 100 13.5 5.1 34 3 104 CENTRAL CITY 400408785038 2440 S MANKAMEYER, DOYAL Pcg 65 13.3 6.0 21 4 58 105 CENTRAL CITY 400450785027 2460 F LOHR, F. Pcg 262 11.9 5.4 68 3 106 CENTRAL CITY 400047785116 2290 S WALKER, J. Pcg 139 16.4 5.3 34 2 107 CENTRAL CITY 400106784721 2210 V BREASTWORK RUN Mb 108 SCHELLBURG 400442784421 2655 S GOGA, MIKE Mb 12.2 5.7 10 3 38 109 CENTRAL CITY 400458784958 2420 S BLACKBURN, BARB Pcg 85 15.6 6.2 31 20 70 110 CENTRAL CITY 400507784941 2385 F BLACKBURN, BARB Pcg 177 15.6 6.6 17 3 111 STOYSTOWN 400611785344 2150 S ADAMS, JAMES Pp 70 12.8 5.5 17 5 112 WITTENBERG 394637785401 2395 S ROSENBERGER, PAUL Df 47 10.1 7.1 14 11 48 113 WITTENBERG 394639785355 2420 S Df 114 WITTENBERG 395015785306 2140 V SMITH, LEROY Df 115 WITTENBERG 395054785648 2520 S SMITH, LEROY Mmc 64 11.2 6.5 34 14 116 WITTENBERG 394517785720 2450 S DAVIS, REV. KENDALL Df 50 16.7 7.1 17 11 117 WITTENBERG 395043785252 2235 V Df 118 WITTENBERG 394732785309 2434 H LEPLEY, WELDON Df 93 13.4 5.8 51 8 92 119 WITTENBERG 394803785301 2150 S OLD HOMESTEAD Df 58 13.7 27 28 68 120 BERLIN 395303785710 2300 S Pcc 121 WITTENBERG 395128785707 2395 S FRANTZ SPRING Pa 50 11.3 5.0 17 0 122 WITTENBERG 395053785654 2545 S HETRICK Mmc 58 12.7 5.8 15 8 112 123 WITTENBERG 394931785635 2030 V Dck 124 WITTENBERG 394804785834 2360 S RAVENSCRAFT, JAMES Dck 126 WITTENBERG 395107785510 2125 F COOK, BOB Dck 115 15.1 6.9 38 32 82 127 WITTENBERG 395108785508 2120 F COOK, BOB Dck 128 FROSTBURG 394353785544 2480 S SHOCKEY, JOHN Dck

178 Table 21. (continued) as N) 3 ) 4 Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) Acidity Spring number 1 6 7 8 1.14 15.4 2.5 2.0 13.0 <0.1 <4 <500 <0.20 <4 <50 <0.100 5.3 <0.050 210 9 10 11 12 0.98 5.81 2.65 1.5 0.9 2.6 7.4 <0.2 <4 <10 0.22 <4 <10 0.084 <4 <0.010 12 0.132 0.0 15 19 20 0.91 2.35 1.27 0.6 0.5 2.3 8.2 <0.2 <4 41 0.23 <4 <10 0.031 <4 0.068 32 0.162 12.4 21 0.14 2.21 0.43 8.0 0.3 11.8 14.8 <0.2 <4 29 0.57 4 <10 0.103 <4 0.141 40 1.410 13.6 22 1.13 28.8 5.90 1.5 1.8 1.1 74.7 <0.2 <4 75 0.71 <4 11 0.043 5.38 0.019 42 0.066 0.0 23 0.64 2.55 1.44 0.8 1.0 1.5 9.8 <0.2 <4 34 0.71 <4 <10 0.021 1.57 0.061 72 0.107 22.0 25 0.21 1.94 0.89 1.3 1.3 1.1 4.3 <0.2 <4 23 0.26 <4 <10 0.107 2.3 <0.010 31 0.052 1.2 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 1.74 15.1 3.0 9.0 63.0 <0.1 <4 <500 0.37 <4 <50 <0.100 <4 0.360 110 34 35 36 37 38 0.73 4.11 3.64 0.9 0.8 2.0 14.6 0.086 0.010 100 1.17 8.94 3.17 1.7 0.7 1.3 12.1 0.142 <0.010 101 0.53 5.04 1.16 1.0 0.5 1.6 8.1 <0.2 <4 25 0.21 4.1 <10 0.022 <4 <0.010 24 0.014 4.0 102 2.27 6.81 3.44 1.1 2.1 6.1 22.7 0.024 0.130 103 2.40 2.74 2.87 0.9 0.9 5.0 3.7 <0.2 <4 73 0.23 <4 <10 0.267 <4 <0.010 19 0.091 11.8 104 20.4 15.2 12.2 5.7 2.7 15.6 10.1 0.069 0.227 105 6.00 10.6 3.42 1.6 3.2 9.2 14.2 0.015 0.080 106 107 0.30 2.03 0.46 0.5 0.8 1.2 5.8 <0.2 <4 32 0.60 <4 <10 0.142 <4 0.070 24 0.216 7.8 108 1.53 9.56 2.24 0.8 0.8 1.6 7.7 <0.2 <4 35 <0.20 <4 36 0.081 <4 0.010 41 0.075 0.0 109 0.63 14.9 3.97 2.0 2.4 2.3 60.8 0.483 2.59 110 2.20 4.57 2.77 1.2 0.9 2.9 14.9 0.058 0.048 111 2.80 1.82 1.6 0.9 1.0 27 <0.010 <0.010 112 113 114 1.78 5.61 2.88 2.6 1.1 6.8 11.2 0.029 <0.010 115 1.02 1.99 1.52 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.5 0.049 <0.010 116 117 6.90 10.1 5.89 3.4 2.2 8.2 10.0 <0.2 <4 114 0.71 <4 <10 0.081 <4 0.058 85 0.102 8.8 118 2.81 7.22 3.08 2.3 1.2 1.0 9.7 <0.2 <4 21 <0.20 <4 <10 0.514 <4 0.113 22 0.022 0.0 119 120 0.06 1.20 0.59 0.5 0.7 0.9 16.9 0.038 0.096 121 0.69 2.66 2.06 2.8 0.8 5.8 7.5 <0.2 <4 41 <0.20 <4 13 0.044 <4 0.018 42 0.004 26.0 122 123 124 10.7 7.78 2.78 10.1 0.6 5.2 10.7 <0.2 20.6 85 1.28 4.6 <10 0.095 <4 <0.010 22 0.037 0.0 126 127 128

179 Table 21. (Continued) ) 3 C 0

Owner

Spring number Quadrangle Lat-Long Elevation, (feet) Topographic setting Discharge, gal/min Aquifer Conductivity (uSeimens) Temperature, pH (units) Hardness (as CaCO Alkalinity Dissolved solids, total 129 NEW BALTIMORE 395456784935 1995 S DEETER, HAROLD Df 75 17.1 5.9 26 13 70 130 NEW BALTIMORE 395451784937 1960 S DEETER, HAROLD Df 78 14.3 6.0 17 9 131 NEW BALTIMORE 395428784733 2360 S ENGLEKA, PAUL Ds 132 NEW BALTIMORE 395517784606 1940 S MAURER, TIM Df 50 17.1 5.8 17 12 133 NEW BALTIMORE 395517784604 1960 S MAURER, TIM Df 50 18.2 6.0 22 15 56 134 NEW BALTIMORE 395524784830 2025 V BENNING, KEN Df 50 20.1 5.5 17 12 135 MEYERSDALE 395131790454 2230 S Pa 50 11.0 34 4 136 WITTENBERG 394508785711 2480 S DAVIS, WILLIAM Df 50 17.7 7.1 11 8 126 137 FAIRHOPE 394921785143 1860 S ROHRS, TAMMY Df 70 14.5 6.7 22 9 64 138 NEW BALTIMORE 395520785218 2705 S DEANER, RICHARD Mb 120 14.2 17 3 139 MEYERSDALE 395024790152 2210 S GNAGY, WILLIAM Pcc 170 21.4 6.4 90 32 192 140 MEYERSDALE 395036790114 2195 S WALKER, CARL Pm 590 22.1 5.7 17 3 141 BAKERSVILLE 400052790841 2040 V ZUCCOLOTTO, DONALD Pcc 260 16.2 5.5 21 32 170 142 SEVEN SPRINGS 400326791607 2560 V FORBES STATE FOREST Mlh 95 9.5 6.7 37 26 143 STOYSTOWN 400557785339 2250 V WILBUR WATER CO. 5.0 Pp 144 STOYSTOWN 400216785931 2080 V FRIEDENS WATER CO. 7.0 Pa 145 STOYSTOWN 400217785932 2080 V FRIEDENS WATER CO. 3.5 Pa 146 STOYSTOWN 400215785931 2080 V FRIEDENS WATER CO. 7.0 Pa 147 BOSWELL 401218790455 2130 S BOSWELL BORO 23.0 Pp 148 LIGONIER 400953790820 2690 S LIGONIER HIGHLANDS 34.7 Pp

180 Table 21. (Continued) as N) 3 ) 4 Nitrate (NO Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SO Flouride (F) Arsenic (As) (ug/L) Barium (Ba) (ug/l) Cadmium (Cd) (ug/l) Chromium (Cr) (ug/L) Copper (Cu) (ug/L) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (ug/L) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) (ug/l) Aluminum (Al) Acidity Spring number 0.65 6.08 2.79 1.8 1.5 1.5 13.4 <0.2 <4 26 0.23 <4 <10 0.231 0.044 13 0.048 0.2 129 2.54 5.44 2.83 1.9 1.4 3.0 8.5 0.022 <0.010 130 131 0.77 5.85 1.58 1.6 1.1 1.3 6.7 0.133 <0.010 132 0.56 4.09 2.09 1.4 1.0 1.1 6.7 <4 28 <0.20 <4 <10 0.102 <4 0.014 35 0.201 0.0 133 0.09 3.01 1.76 2.5 1.8 3.2 7.3 1.98 0.156 134 2.13 8.52 3.07 0.8 0.8 2.1 21.9 0.050 <0.010 135 1.48 3.57 1.46 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.2 <0.2 <4 57 <0.20 <4 29 0.032 <4 <0.010 82 0.031 0.2 136 1.46 5.25 2.32 2.3 1.2 2.4 11.4 <0.2 <4 17 <0.20 <4 <10 0.091 <4 0.032 17 0.031 0.0 137 1.22 5.00 1.25 1.2 1.4 2.5 8.4 0.065 0.031 138 7.20 29.9 5.56 3.9 4.9 19.1 20.5 <0.2 <4 186 0.35 <4 46 0.050 6.36 0.048 83 0.044 0.0 139 0.97 315 115 3.5 3.0 4.5 1419.0 0.106 7.75 140 3.34 18.0 4.99 25.0 2.6 45.0 17.2 <0.2 <4 81 1.08 5.4 25 0.555 5.12 0.013 146 0.246 7.8 141 1.06 12.7 0.64 0.7 1.1 1.4 8.7 <0.2 <4 26 6.80 <4 <10 0.072 4.78 <0.010 57 0.071 0.0 142 143 144 145 146 147 148

181 Blank Page

182 Table 22. Record of wells

Well location: The number is that assigned to identify the well. In the text it is prefixed by a two-letter abbreviation of the county. The lat-long is the latitude and longitude, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, of the well.

Use: C, commercial; F, fire; H, domestic; I, irrigation; N, industrial; P, public supply; S, stock; T, institution; U, unused.

Topographic setting (topo): F, flat; H, hilltop; S, Hillside; V, valley flat; W, upland draw.

Aquifer: Pm, Monongahela Group; Pcc, Casselman Formation; Pcg, Glenshaw Formation; Pa, Allegheny Group; Pp, Pottsville Group; Mmc, Mauch Chunk Formation; Mlh, Loyalhanna Formation; Mb, Burgoon Sandstone; MDr, Rockwell Formation; Dck, Catskill Formation; Df, Foreknobs Formation; Ds, Scherr Formation.

Lithology: SHLE, shale; SDSL, sandstone and shale; SNDS, sandstone.

Static water level: Depth in feet (FT)--F, flows but head is not known

Reported yield: gal/min, gallons per minute.

Specific capacity: (gal/min)/ft, gallons per minute per foot of drawdown.

List of drillers and license numbers

0080 Wilson's 0357 Ronald E. Sorber 1090 Somerset Well Drilling 0138 G. W. Clark 0424 Hydro Group, Inc. 1091 David Griffith, Jr. 0148 Carl Livengood 0440 Harold E. Raymond 1102 Walter Hock, Jr. 0198 Eichelberger's 0592 McKay &Gould Drilling 1119 Carl Livengood 0209 W. C. Hall 0692 David M. Johnson 1199 Sperry Drillling 0210 Horner Well Drillers 0865 Clair A. Spahn 1242 Somerset Well Drilling 0242 Hans H. Lohman 0890 Herbert Lambertson 1263 Robert G. Carpenter 0277 E. C. & E. L. Hutman 0905 William Lambertson 1612 Wayne's Water'n Wells 0279 Thomas A. Hill 0944 Svonavec Coal Co. 1728 L. G. Hetager Drilling 0285 Richard Frederick 1050 C.D. Poage 1927 PBS Coals, Inc. 0293 John S. Funt 1058 Jeff C. Pyle 1961 Leo P. Ford

183 Table 22. Record of Wells.

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 2 400008 0791429 COMMONWEALTH OF PA BAKERSVILLE MIDDLECREEK 2070 S 13 400841 0790249 CONSOLIDATION COAL CO. BOSWELL JENNER 1825 V 23 400104 0790445 H W WALKER CO. SOMERSET SOMERSET BORO 2100 F 42 400658 0785753 STOYSTOWN WATER CO. STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1840 V 44 400258 0785919 I X L CREAMERY STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2030 V 53 395447 0790950 ROCKWOOD BREWERY ROCKWOOD ROCKWOOD 1820 V 56 394708 0791036 DEPT. OF FORESTRY MARKLETON ELK LICK 3213 H 61 394855 0790143 MEYERSDALE DAIRY MEYERSDALE MEYERSDALE BORO 1980 V 68 395453 0785730 MEADOW GOLD DAIRY BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2150 F 69 395559 0784702 HOPPERTON, LEE NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2140 W 89 395910 0784627 HICKEY, WILL NEW BALTIMORE NEW BALTIMORE BORO 1430 V 90 395242 0784814 PARADISE VAL. SPORTSMEN NEW BALTIMORE FAIRHOPE 2080 S 91 395031 0784747 EMERICK, J. F. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE BORO 1350 V 94 400126 0790830 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2020 V 95 400128 0790817 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2005 V 96 400131 0790801 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2010 V 97 395913 0784747 ST. JOHNS BAPTIST CHURCH NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1570 V 100 394715 0785953 MEYERSDALE WATER AUTH. WITTENBERG SUMMIT 2480 V 101 394717 0785950 MEYERSDALE WATER AUTH. WITTENBERG SUMMIT 2480 V 102 394720 0785947 MEYERSDALE WATER AUTH. WITTENBERG SUMMIT 2470 V 103 394511 0785106 SPARR, HAROLD G. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1850 S 108 395506 0785338 BERLIN WATER AUTH. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2580 S 109 395506 0785323 BERLIN WATER AUTH. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2700 S 110 395457 0785344 BERLIN WATER AUTH. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2635 S 111 395450 0785351 BERLIN WATER AUTH. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2640 S 115 400205 0785144 INDIAN LAKE WATER AUTH. CENTRAL CITY INDIAN LAKE 2325 F 127 395056 0791633 SECHLER, EVERETT CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1890 S 128 394456 0791844 NOLF, DALE P. ACCIDENT ADDISON 1900 S 129 395005 0791636 HECKLER., A. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1730 V 130 394957 0791630 BUTLER, HARRY CONFLUENCE UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1680 V 131 394953 0791627 VOGEL, JOHN CONFLUENCE UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1650 V 132 394953 0791626 HENRY, A. H. CONFLUENCE UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1650 V 133 394919 0791549 JENKINS, G. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 2000 S 134 394850 0791615 TRESSLER, C. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1920 S 135 394843 0791613 FIKE, G. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1960 S 136 394903 0791943 CLEVENGER, JEFF CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1360 V 137 394901 0791947 COLFLESH, VICTOR CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1360 V 138 394912 0792020 CLEVENGER, PAUL CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1360 V 139 394900 0791952 KRAGER, P. CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1360 V 140 394849 0791945 THOMAS, DONALD R. CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1380 S 141 394451 0792001 NICKLOW, PARK ACCIDENT ADDISON BORO 2095 W 142 394730 0791922 JOHNS, JAMES R. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1400 V 143 400628 0790940 SIPESVILLE WATER AUTH. BAKERSVILLE LINCOLN 2225 S 144 400222 0790400 WOODLAND CAMPSITES SOMERSET SOMERSET 2130 S 145 400201 0790356 BONADIO, FRANCIS SOMERSET SOMERSET 2150 S 146 400159 0790400 MASTERSON, ED SOMERSET SOMERSET 2155 S 147 400149 0790412 WAGGONER, RONALD SOMERSET SOMERSET 2205 S 148 400036 0790442 SOMERSET COURT HOUSE SOMERSET SOMERSET BORO 2185 H 149 400055 0790437 LEISS TOOL AND DIE SOMERSET SOMERSET BORO 2105 V 150 400003 0790449 SOMERSET FOUNDRY SOMERSET SOMERSET 2100 V 151 400035 0790621 J.L. HERRING MOTORS SOMERSET SOMERSET 2030 V

184 Table 22.(Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL (FT.) YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1936 U Pp 450 311 39.00 1937 11.2 0.36 4 2 0277 1933 U Pp 278 173 40.00 1933 230 10 13 0279 1929 N Pcg 120 30.00 1929 150 23 0210 1933 U Pa 267 40 100.00 1933 50 1.00 10 42 1926 U Pa 158 20 40.00 1926 60 8 44 1913 U Pa 150 40.00 1913 150 53 1933 U Pp 131 80.00 1933 6 56 0285 1932 N Pcc 125 30 10.00 1932 90 1.80 8 61 0279 1925 U Pcc 75 18 15.00 1933 8.4 8 68 0293 1931 H Ds 207 23 60.00 1931 5 6 Y 69 1933 H Df 35 4 89 0279 1968 H Df 35 21 14.72 1968 90 0357 1946 U Dck 55 20 15.45 1968 6 91 0424 1948 P Pcc 275 15.5 20 7.00 1948 380 12 94 0424 1948 P Pcc 258 20.0 70 F 1948 500 12 95 0424 1948 P Pcc 253 16.0 20 F 1948 300 12 96 1973 T Dck 40 97 1963 P Mb 100 100 F 1963 68 1.05 8 100 1966 U Mb 140 70 101 1966 U Mb 150 0.00 1966 70 102 1961 1959 H Pcg 72 20.0 22 0.00 1959 20 6 103 1972 P Pp 152 0.00 1972 27 108 1972 U Mmc 207 75.00 1972 2 109 1972 P Pp 278 33.00 1972 48 110 1972 P Pp 418 35.00 1972 22 111 1090 1973 P Pcg 92 22 80 60 6 Y 115 1242 1986 H Pa 322 36.0 42 138/221/300 194.50 1991 12 6 SDSL Y 127 1968 H Pa 54 41.0 41 50 5 6 SNDS 128 1199 1987 H Pa 90 28.0 42 44/66 35 6 SHLE 129 1199 1987 H Pa 130 20.0 35 50/80/113 30 6 SHLE Y 130 1979 H Pa 150 Y 131 0148 1967 U Pa 5 132 1199 1984 H Pa 190 10.0 22 130/165 115.50 1991 10 7 SDSL 133 1199 1985 H Pa 84 21 50/68 10 7 SHLE 134 1199 1984 H Pa 110 26.0 31 65 10 7 SNDS 135 1199 1988 H Pcg 60 16.0 30 56 33 6 SNDS 136 1199 1988 H Pcg 70 17.0 30 38/65 15 6 SDSL 137 1199 1987 H Pcg 90 18.0 21 12 6 SHLE 138 1199 1985 H Pcg 210 40.0 48 70/100 3 7 SHLE 139 1199 1989 H Pa 150 36.0 42 90/123/138 18.00 1989 10 6 140 0865 1980 H Pcc 158 18.0 91 132 24.00 1980 10 0.09 6 SHLE 141 1199 1987 H Pa 110 20.0 44 70/100 44 6 SHLE 142 1199 1992 P Mmc 442 18.0 38 118/165 59 8 SDSL Y 143 1199 1986 P Pcg 125 30.0 42 45 7 6 SHLE Y 144 1090 1971 H Pcg 215 18.0 21 198 198.00 1971 7 145 1090 1971 H Pcg 215 15.0 21 198 198.00 1971 7 Y 146 1090 1971 H Pcg 285 44.0 48 70/250 250.00 1971 7 147 1090 1978 P Pcg 123 10.0 42 85 50.00 1978 25 1.67 7 SDSL Y 148 1242 1990 C Pcg 72 36.0 40 45/65 5.00 1990 100 8 149 1199 1977 C Pa 84 19.0 31 44 45 6 150 1091 1975 C Pcg 304 15.0 22 114/259 13.75 1991 20 8 Y 151

185 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 152 400403 0791235 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2155 V 153 400415 0791255 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2180 V 154 394820 0791933 LEJEUNE, JOSEPH CONFLUENCE L. TURKEYFOOT 1375 V 155 394734 0791929 MCKLINTOCK, C. CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1360 V 156 394903 0792153 CONFLUENCE SEWAGE CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1315 V 157 395112 0792214 HYATT, T. CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1695 V 158 395115 0792204 CITIZEN'S WATER CO. CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1730 S 159 394940 0791914 DEAL, M. CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1380 V 160 394858 0791949 ENOS, JOHN CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1345 V 161 394908 0791938 PECK, JOHN CONFLUENCE URSINA BORO 1380 V 162 395029 0791927 GOSNELL, T. CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1470 S 163 395028 0791929 ANSELL, ELEANOR CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1470 S 164 395024 0791928 ANSELL, DAVID CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1420 S 165 395013 0791704 ANSELL, WILLIAM CONFLUENCE UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1920 S 166 395024 0791640 LESLIE, ALVIN CONFLUENCE UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1860 S 167 394910 0791557 MCCLINTOCK, JOHN CONFLUENCE ADDISON 1880 S 168 394645 0791725 BUTLER, JACK CONFLUENCE ADDISON 2130 H 169 394443 0791231 KEYSTONE GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2560 H 170 394433 0791237 KEYSTONE LIME GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2540 S 171 394419 0791327 RITENOUR, OMER GRANTSVILLE ADDISON 2130 V 172 400349 0791435 KOOSER STATE PARK BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2380 V 173 400239 0791219 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2000 V 174 394443 0791001 RESH, KENNETH GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2695 S 175 394445 0790832 PUFFENBURGER, DANIEL GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2425 S 176 394448 0790831 PUFFENBURGER, DANIEL GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2410 S 177 394443 0790833 SHOEMAKER, BEULA GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2425 S 178 394440 0790826 OTTO, ROY GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2480 H 179 394434 0790711 STANGARONE, JOHN AVILTON ELK LICK 2285 S 180 394438 0790824 LIVENGOOD, NOEL GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2480 H 181 394336 0790929 YODER, KEVIN GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2620 S 182 394335 0790930 YODER, KEVIN GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2610 S 183 394325 0791018 DOYLE, JOHN G. GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2500 S 184 394343 0790926 HEPLER, JOHN GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2640 S 185 394430 0790836 BEACHY, TIMOTHY GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2465 H 186 394408 0790848 WERNER, ROBERT GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2465 S 187 394409 0790846 SCHROCK, A. GRANTSVILLE ELK LICK 2460 S 190 394704 0791512 BUTLER, RALPH A. CONFLUENCE ELK LICK 2915 H 191 400646 0785801 STOYSTOWN WATER AUTH. STOYSTOWN ELK LICK 1895 V 192 400643 0785757 STOYSTOWN WATER AUTH. STOYSTOWN ADDISON 1900 V 193 395947 0791855 LAUREL RIDGE ST. PARK KINGWOOD QUEMAHONING 2640 S 194 400300 0785942 MARTIN'S M. H. PARK STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 2040 F 195 400301 0785940 MARTIN'S M. H. PARK STOYSTOWN MIDDLECREEK 2040 F 188 394525 0791137 WISSEMAN, MICHAEL MARKLETON SOMERSET 3050 S 189 394544 0791218 HOLLADA, DARRELL MARKLETON SOMERSET 2600 S 198 400321 0785929 FRIEDENS WATER ASSN. STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2120 V 202 400512 0785743 READING MINES WATER ASSN. STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1812 S 203 400055 0785356 SHANKSVILLE-STONYCREEK SCH. STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2265 F 204 400054 0785355 SHANKSVILLE-STONYCREEK SCH. STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2265 F 206 400644 0785759 STOYSTOWN WATER AUTH. STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1920 V 209 400602 0785338 WILBUR WATER CO. STOYSTOWN SHADE 2140 S 210 400604 0785339 WILBUR WATER CO. STOYSTOWN SHADE 2140 S

186 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1090 1991 P Mmc 357 18.0 42 56/60/92/167 20.00 1991 140 8 Y 152 1090 1991 P Mlh 122 14.0 46 73/96/110 F 1991 2100 10 SNDS Y 153 1199 1989 H Pa 150 36.0 38 50/110/130 28.00 1989 9 7 SHLE 154 1612 1983 H Pa 63 13.0 21 43 30 6 SDSL 155 1242 1988 T Pa 122 20.0 36 39/67/74/102 39.00 1988 30 0.36 6 156 1199 1985 H Pa 42 8.0 24 26 60 7 SDSL Y 157 1090 1973 P Pa 304 15.0 33 83/104/159/276 276.00 1973 51 8 SHLE 158 1199 1984 H Pa 130 8.0 40 64/82 12 7 SDSL 159 1199 1990 H Pcg 50 15.0 21 35 12.00 1990 20 7 SHLE 160 1199 1988 H Pcg 170 30.0 40 49/132 6 6 161 1199 1985 H Pcg 149 29.0 42 65/98 15 7 SHLE Y 162 1199 1987 U Pcg 170 22.0 72 102/138 5 6 163 1199 1985 H Pcg 90 10.0 30 48/80 20 7 SHLE Y 164 1199 1988 H Pcg 130 16.0 51 70 6 6 SHLE Y 165 1199 1991 H Pa 358 44 100/225 2 6 SDSL 166 1199 1991 H Pa 182 16.0 60 130/150 8 7 SHLE 167 1199 1991 U Pa 450 21 62 200.00 1991 1 6 SDSL 168 1612 1986 N Mb 227 13.0 21 60/95 0.00 1986 6 0.07 6 169 1612 1990 N Mb 367 12.0 42 107 10 6 170 1612 1990 H Dck 145 8.0 42 45/135 46.20 1992 7 6 SHLE Y 171 0198 1990 Z Mb 225 63.0 80 95/112/134/178/183 34.00 1990 275 1.61 12 SNDS 172 1090 1991 U Pa 332 14.0 42 68/100/200/302 F 1991 350 1.05 8.0 173 1199 1972 H Pa 224 25.0 25 40/108/210 6 174 1199 1973 H Pcc 45 20.0 25 30 20 6 SHLE 175 1199 1974 H Pcc 71 22.0 27 28 20 6 176 1612 1979 H Pcc 64 20.0 27 30/42/54 20.00 1979 30 0.68 6 SHLE 177 1199 1977 H Pcc 124 21 80/115 30 6 SNDS 178 1612 1983 H Pcc 83 12.0 21 30/68 12.00 1983 20 0.36 6 Y 179 1199 1973 H Pcc 165 42.0 42 73/150 15 6 SDSL 180 1612 1990 H Pcc 104 36.0 42 75/94 25 6 SDSL 181 1612 1990 H Pcc 104 35.0 51 70/90 53.00 1990 9 0.18 6 SHLE 182 1199 1977 H Pa 223 12.0 26 167 6 SHLE 183 1199 1973 H Pcc 149 8.0 21 142 20 6 SNDS 184 1199 1988 H Pcc 110 14.0 60 87 10 6 SHLE 185 1199 1972 H Pcc 57 35.0 35 44 20 6 SDSL 186 1612 1986 H Pcc 84 18.0 21 49/70 8.00 1986 20 0.26 6 SDSL 187 1199 1991 H Pa 402 22.0 28 160/290 4 7 SDSL 190 1991 P Pa 304 40 48.00 1991 300 2.68 8 191 1090 1991 P Pa 397 40 147/244/270/330/362 89.00 1991 25 0.35 8 192 1991 P Mmc 175 6.0 175 32/160 2 6.0 193 1090 1982 P Pa 214 37 142/160/200/207 36 6 Y 194 1090 1982 P Pa 110 17.4 6 195 1612 1989 H Pp 247 3.0 44 110 100.00 1989 3 0.02 6 Y 188 1199 1976 H Mb 245 31.0 31 145/205 15 6 SDSL 189 1991 P Pcg 220 150 50 6 198 1989 P Pa 270 28 5 Y 202 1090 1979 P Pcg 197 43 65/135/164 12 7 203 1990 P Pcg 70 12 7 204 1991 P Pcg 207 40 12 8 206 1992 P Pp 47 27 24 6 209 1992 P Pp 45 27 24 6 210

187 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 211 400203 0790031 LYNN'S MOBILE HOMES SOMERSET SOMERSET 2080 V 212 400203 0790030 LYNN'S MOBILE HOMES SOMERSET SOMERSET 2080 V 213 400156 0790546 BISHOP'S MOBILE HOMES #2 SOMERSET SOMERSET 2150 F 214 400145 0790538 BISHOP'S MOBILE HOMES #2 SOMERSET SOMERSET 2130 F 215 400243 0790020 FRIEDENS ELEM. SCHOOL SOMERSET SOMERSET 2180 F 216 400218 0790130 MINICORP - PBS COALS SOMERSET SOMERSET 2235 F 217 400159 0790405 SIEMON'S LAKEVIEW MANOR SOMERSET SOMERSET 2107 S 218 400349 0791442 HIDDEN VALLEY FARM INN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2420 S 219 400345 0791451 HIDDEN VALLEY FARM INN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2460 S 224 400014 0791645 SEVEN SPRINGS MUNICIPAL SEVEN SPRINGS MIDDLECREEK 2130 V 225 400005 0791637 SEVEN SPRINGS MUNICIPAL SEVEN SPRINGS MIDDLECREEK 2120 V 226 400729 0784853 CAIRNBROOK IMPROV. ASSOC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2180 S 227 400203 0785145 INDIAN LAKE WATER AUTH. CENTRAL CITY INDIAN LAKE 2325 F 229 400220 0785259 INDIAN LAKE WATER AUTH. STOYSTOWN INDIAN LAKE 2420 F 233 401215 0790510 BOSWELL BORO BOSWELL BOSWELL 2117 V 234 401221 0790521 BOSWELL BORO BOSWELL BOSWELL 2190 V 237 401402 0790401 CONEMAUGH TWP. BOSWELL CONEMAUGH 1940 S 238 401356 0790341 CONEMAUGH TWP. BOSWELL CONEMAUGH 1820 S 239 401404 0790349 CONEMAUGH TWP. BOSWELL CONEMAUGH 1880 S 240 400741 0785940 LINCOLN MANOR HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 2060 S 241 400740 0785942 LINCOLN MANOR HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 2055 S 242 400739 0785946 LINCOLN MANOR HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 2070 S 243 400737 0785953 LINCOLN MANOR HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 2130 S 244 400739 0785939 LINCOLN MANOR HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 2042 S 245 401454 0785710 JOHNSTOWN CHRISTIAN SCH. HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1675 F 246 395256 0791549 KINGWOOD ELEM. SCHOOL KINGWOOD U. TURKEYFOOT 2240 F 248 395212 0790952 ROCKWOOD WATER COMPANY MARKLETON BLACK 2340 V 250 394757 0791949 TURKEYFOOT SCH. DIST. CONFLUENCE L. TURKEYFOOT 1418 S 251 394355 0791750 ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. ACCIDENT ALLEGHENY 2640 S 252 394400 0791945 ADDISON AREA WATER AUTH. ACCIDENT ALLEGHENY 1910 V 254 394427 0790858 MT. VIEW CHRISTIAN SCHOOL GRANTSVILLE ALLEGHENY 2480 S 256 401017 0784401 WINDBER AREA AUTHORITY OGLETOWN SOMERSET 2316 V 257 401012 0784413 WINDBER AREA AUTHORITY OGLETOWN SOMERSET 2339 V 258 401014 0784443 WINDBER AREA AUTHORITY OGLETOWN JENNER 2287 V 259 401010 0784447 WINDBER AREA AUTHORITY OGLETOWN JENNER 2277 V 260 401002 0784541 WINDBER AREA AUTHORITY WINDBER ADDISON 2247 V 261 395555 0785221 BERLIN MUNICIPAL AUTH. NEW BALTIMORE ADDISON 2720 W 262 395605 0785224 BERLIN MUNICIPAL AUTH. NEW BALTIMORE ELK LICK 2670 W 263 395559 0785211 BERLIN MUNICIPAL AUTH. NEW BALTIMORE WINDBER 2640 W 264 395609 0785222 BERLIN MUNICIPAL AUTH. NEW BALTIMORE WINDBER 2660 W 265 400039 0790704 BISHOP'S MOBILE HOMES #1 SOMERSET WINDBER 2010 S 266 400032 0790702 BISHOP'S MOBILE HOMES #1 SOMERSET WINDBER 2020 S 267 401104 0790630 JENNERSTOWN WATER AUTH. BOSWELL WINDBER 2120 V 268 401048 0790609 JENNERSTOWN WATER AUTH. BOSWELL ALLEGHENY 2010 V 269 400218 0790130 MINCORP SOMERSET SOMERSET 2235 F 270 395216 0790952 ROCKWOOD WATER CO. MARKLETON BLACK 2340 V 271 400258 0785956 HIGHLAND MUT.WATER CO. STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2110 S 272 400311 0785920 HILLCREST MANOR M. HOMES STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2110 H 273 400124 0790117 LISTIE WATER SYSTEM SOMERSET SOMERSET 2040 V 274 400138 0790136 LISTIE WATER SYSTEM SOMERSET SOMERSET 2160 V 275 400722 0784916 SMALL WATER ASSOCIATION CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2260 S

188 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1090 1988 P Pa 100 42 70 50 6 211 1989 P Pa 75 30 10 6 212 1989 P Pcg 127 35 30.00 1989 13 7 213 1987 P Pcg 98 50 40/65/90 95.00 1987 100 10 214 1990 P Pcg 117 215 1090 1977 P Pa 648 180 286/305/400/450/500 15 8 216 1199 1991 P Pcg 397 26 70.00 1991 15 6 217 1090 1983 P Mb 178 38 58/80/125/160 39.00 1992 430 20.48 8 218 1090 1983 P Mb 268 40 130/134/150/170/236 50.00 1992 280 3.18 8 Y 219 1991 P Mmc 157 100 97/129/137/140/143 31.00 1991 240 32.00 16 Y 224 1992 P Mlh 157 80 121/139/141/143/151 26.10 1992 470 55.95 16 225 1992 P Pa 414 130 240 8 Y 226 1090 1979 P Pcg 153 22 80/119 200 8 Y 227 1090 1979 P Pcg 185 50 85/135/175 120 6 Y 229 1993 P Mmc 440 16 222/249/367/395/430 5.00 1991 135 2.87 8 233 1993 P Mb 310 12 245/255/271/281/283 7.00 1992 175 3.80 8 234 1984 P Mb 178 36 92/102/116/138/166 16.50 1984 400 5.63 8 237 1993 P Mmc 340 40 47/50/69/78/320 75 2.50 8.0 238 1991 P Mb 414 63 206/313/314/375/385 340 10.46 8.0 239 1090 1976 P Pcg 147 26 96/130 9 6 240 1090 1969 P Pcg 222 40 60/180 9 6 241 1090 1974 P Pcg 197 25 30/85/100 12 6 242 1090 1975 P Pcg 503 40 45/85 6 6 243 1090 1985 P Pcg 122 38 70/96 25 6 244 1955 P Pcg 70 Y 245 1954 P Pcc 85 8 246 1991 P Pp 260 30 400 10 248 1990 P Pa 275 34.7 250 1991 P Mmc 350 7 251 1242 1985 P Pcg 125 24 28/95 150 8 252 1990 P Pcc 33108 254 1989 P Mmc 332 63 56/67/78/101/301 F 1989 500 33.33 8.0 256 1989 P Mmc 363 65 97/115/136/144/354 520 13.68 8.0 257 1989 P Mmc 332 45 85/119/206/269/281 330 7.50 8.0 258 1989 P Mmc 331 43 46/60/66/75/254 F 1989 400 9.52 8.0 259 1989 P Mmc 410 45 51/61/75/94/128 800 33.33 8.0 260 1969 P Mmc 110 261 1973 P Mmc 124 24.0 41 24/64/114 24.00 1992 75 8 262 1973 U Mmc 73.0 75 263 1199 1986 P Pp 224 120 129/160 100 8 Y 264 1989 P Pcg 125 40 40.00 1989 10 0.33 8 265 1989 P Pcg 117 40.00 1989 10 0.33 266 1991 P Mb 174 15.0 56 64/78/80/94/97 F 1991 1000 8.0 267 1991 P Mmc 307 16.0 63 68/110/143/295/301 F 1991 180 8.0 268 1977 C Pcg 90 5 269 1090 1992 P Pp 597 10.0 45 24/85/88/129/373 304 33.19 6.0 270 1992 P Pcg 260 50 17 6 271 1991 P Pa 553 280 78.00 1991 60 0.27 6 272 1987 P Pa 79 60 42.96 1987 30 9.35 8 273 1090 1985 P Pa 47 20.0 27 36 15.00 1985 30 8 274 1090 1979 P Mmc 445 12.0 230 220/419 120.00 1979 38 0.48 6.0 Y 275

189 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 276 400723 0784917 SMALL WATER ASSOCIATION CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2280 S 277 400305 0790435 SUNNY ACRES M. H. COURT SOMERSET SOMERSET 2245 S 278 400303 0790437 SUNNY ACRES M. H. COURT SOMERSET SOMERSET 2245 S 279 400304 0790436 SUNNY ACRES M. H. COURT SOMERSET SOMERSET 2245 S 280 400302 0785908 WATERLOO WATER ASSN STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2030 S 281 395212 0790411 GARRETT BORO MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1895 V 282 395209 0790408 GARRETT BORO MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2000 S 283 400842 0790730 GRAY AREA WATER AUTH. BOSWELL JENNER 2070 V 285 400329 0791128 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 1995 V 286 400341 0791111 SOMERSET BORO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2000 V 287 400642 0784613 CENTRAL CITY WATER AUTH. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2345 V 288 400358 0791454 MITCHELL, CAROLINE BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2400 V 289 400429 0791303 DENARDO BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2220 V 290 400427 0791302 CEHELNIK BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2210 V 291 400436 0791315 ZITCOVICH BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2250 V 292 400442 0791321 DERNOSHEK BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2260 V 293 400446 0791324 MEYER BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2270 V 294 400339 0791153 PUTMAN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2120 S 295 400337 0791124 SHOWMAN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2020 V 296 400317 0791054 BECKNER BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2160 S 297 400352 0791112 PUGH BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2050 S 309 395651 0785415 LANDIS, D. BERLIN JEFFERSON 2265 V 310 395806 0785249 SHULTZ, DOROTHY BERLIN JEFFERSON 2360 S 311 395836 0790218 FANI, PHILLLIP MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2335 S 312 395922 0785941 VILLAGE LUMBER COMPANY BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2380 S 313 395956 0790017 SPOERLEIN, RANDALL MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2470 F 314 395715 0790212 SHUMAKER, R. MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2560 S 315 395717 0790005 PLETCHER, DONALD MURDOCK STONYCREEK 2480 S 316 395717 0790005 PLETCHER, DONALD MURDOCK BERLIN BORO 2480 S 317 395936 0790402 STAIRS, DONALD MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2220 H 318 395958 0790418 FLICKINGER, LESTER MURDOCK STONYCREEK 2180 S 319 395903 0790644 VAUGHN, MARK MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2000 V 320 395840 0790707 ZUCCOLOTTO, HENRY MURDOCK STONYCREEK 2100 H 298 400356 0791105 BEAM BAKERSVILLE STONYCREEK 2030 S 299 400306 0791104 SHAULIS BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2210 H 300 395709 0785637 WEBRECK, RICHARD D. BERLIN SOMERSET 2330 S 301 395704 0785643 WEBRECK, RICHARD D. BERLIN SOMERSET 2335 S 302 395625 0785624 BERLIN COMMUNITY GROVE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2260 V 303 395642 0785552 MAUST, JR., CHARLES BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2255 V 304 395747 0785504 YODER, DANIEL J. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2265 S 305 395515 0785743 SCURFIELD, WILLIAM BERLIN SOMERSET 2360 H 306 395440 0785714 LEYDIG, CRAIG BERLIN SOMERSET 2160 S 307 395658 0785411 KNEPPER, D. BERLIN SOMERSET 2280 S 308 395650 0785420 CARVER, F. BERLIN SOMERSET 2265 S 321 395826 0790626 ROBERTS, GEORGE MURDOCK MILFORD 1990 V 322 395927 0790552 BOGNAR AND COMPANY MURDOCK BLACK 1970 V 323 395806 0790617 ANSELL, H. MURDOCK MILFORD 1975 S 324 395324 0790313 PINEY RUN GOLF COURSE MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2325 H 325 395724 0790700 HILEMAN, HOWARD MURDOCK MILFORD 1980 V 326 395432 0790408 KELLY, FLORENCE E. MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2450 H 327 395435 0790504 ALBRIGHT, EARL MURDOCK BLACK 2370 S

190 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1090 1985 P Mmc 697 10.0 232 218/400/450/600 4 6.0 276 1970 P Pcc 120 200 277 1970 P Pcc 140 20 278 1970 P Pcc 140 20 Y 279 1968 P Pa 140 80 25 6 280 1989 P Mmc 105 40 40.00 1989 150 15.00 12 281 1989 P Mmc 350 25 75.20 1989 100 3.36 10 Y 282 1090 1993 P Mmc 472 20.0 220 70/93/225/242/257 2.00 1994 500 4.5 283 0198 1994 P Pcg 292 55 47/49/59/66 F 1994 350 8.0 285 0198 1994 P Pcg 292 51 54/61/215 0.00 1994 280 8.0 286 1503 1994 P Mmc 440 126 137/243/333 20.00 1994 170 8.0 287 1090 1985 H Mb 132 20.0 61 96/120/125 65 6 288 1992 H Mmc 81 22.0 44 47/56/60/67/69 F 1992 300 6.0 289 1992 H Mmc 67 11.0 41 47/62 230 6.0 290 1992 H Mb 81 11.0 42 47/65 135 6.0 291 1992 H Mb 110 41.0 41 76/84/97 18 6 292 1991 H Mb 97 52.0 52 76/83/91 120 6 293 1994 H Pa 110 17.75 1994 294 1994 H Pcg 75 21.62 1994 295 1994 H Pcg 322 122.65 1994 296 1994 H Pcg 60 50.52 1994 297 1199 1986 H Pcg 85 42 63 30 6 SHLE 309 1199 1988 H Pcg 128 90/110 15 310 1199 1982 H Pa 85 16.0 30 41/65 3 6 SNDS 311 1199 1984 C Pa 80 14.0 23 64 3 7 Y 312 1199 1988 H Pa 250 47.0 80 126/238 20 5.0 313 1242 1991 H Pa 122 15.0 56 67 40.00 1991 10 6 Y 314 1199 1977 U Pa 340 20.0 34 293 6 315 1199 1978 H Pa 191 21 2 6 316 1199 1991 H Pa 323 21.0 40 210/285/310 30 6 317 1199 1988 H Pa 400 12.0 21 190/280/319 6 6 318 1199 1991 H Pa 52 10.0 21 41 20 7 Y 319 1199 1987 H Pa 210 5 165/193 6 6 320 1994 H Pcg 75 35.70 1994 298 1994 H Pcg 300 110.17 1994 299 1199 1991 H Pcc 68 7.0 40 34/48/60 20 6 SHLE 300 1199 1977 H Pcc 44 24 34 15 6 301 1199 1982 P Pcc 90 6.0 29 68 20 7 302 1199 1988 H Pcc 85 8.0 37 43/51 15 6 303 1199 1992 H Pcc 110 14.0 40 75/97/106 30 7 SHLE 304 1199 1977 H Pcc 284 21 124 4 6 SHLE 305 1199 1989 H Pcc 170 22.0 40 75/94/113/148 43.00 1989 16 6 SHLE 306 1199 1980 H Pcg 120 63 8 6 SHLE 307 1199 1982 H Pcg 65 20.0 30 60 25 6 SNDS 308 1199 1991 H Pa 100 10.0 40 77/98 40 6 Y 321 1242 1984 N Pa 117 26.0 40 56/109/115 56.00 1984 200 8 SDSL 322 1199 1986 H Pa 94 8.0 21 56/72/92 8.5 7 SNDS 323 1199 1986 C Pa 299 34.0 90 240/270 10 6 SHLE 324 0148 1967 H Pa 71 30.0 65 20 325 1199 1991 H Pp 120 22.0 30 49/100 12 7 SDSL 326 1199 1991 H Pp 174 10.0 21 145 15 6 SDSL 327

191 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 328 395430 0790632 CHRISTIAN TABERNACLE MURDOCK BLACK 2250 W 329 395350 0790619 JUDY, DONALD MURDOCK BLACK 2300 S 330 395428 0790606 KNOPSNYDER, JASON MURDOCK BLACK 2300 S 331 395321 0790319 MARKER, DAVID MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2410 H 332 395410 0790057 BEECHDALE CHURCH, MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2020 V 333 395405 0790027 MILLER, J. MURDOCK BROTHERS VALLEY 2030 S 334 395416 0790610 JUDY, RANDY MURDOCK BLACK 2410 S 335 395649 0791851 SCULLTON ALLIANCE CHURCH KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2305 H 336 395618 0791759 WESTLEY CHAPEL KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2200 H 337 395322 0791802 OLD BETHEL CHURCH KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2050 H 338 395625 0791533 SCOTTYLAND KINGWOOD MIDDLECREEK 1895 W 339 395647 0791533 SCOTTYLAND KINGWOOD MIDDLECREEK 1840 V 340 395638 0791546 SCOTTYLAND KINGWOOD MIDDLECREEK 1960 H 341 395634 0791753 GULA, MARY A. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2220 H 342 395528 0791652 BEHANNA, CLYDE KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1730 V 343 395650 0791848 SHULTZ, HOBART KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2300 H 344 395653 0791916 SCHMUCK, TERRY KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2390 H 345 395652 0791831 GARY, RALPH KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2270 S 346 395605 0791720 KING, WILLIAM KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2040 S 347 395605 0791720 KING, WILLIAM KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2040 S 348 395606 0791904 MILLER, RICHARD D. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2130 S 349 395407 0791606 SHOWMAN, D. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2280 H 350 395510 0791524 REAM, VON A. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2290 H 351 395350 0791611 CRAMER, CALVIN KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2320 H 352 395353 0791610 HOSTETLER, R. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2300 H 353 395351 0791611 HOSTETLER, R. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2300 H 354 395354 0791731 VOUGH, L. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2180 V 355 395233 0791752 BAKER, DONALD G. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1760 S 356 395320 0791818 SANNER, TERRY W. KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 2085 H 357 395308 0791836 SANNER, LARRY KINGWOOD UPPER TURKEYFOOT 1900 V 358 395717 0791804 HENRY, HOWARD L. KINGWOOD MIDDLE CREEK 2000 V 359 400032 0791332 LAUREL HILL STATE PARK BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2240 S 360 394526 0792335 GILLELAND, C. OHIOPYLE ADDISON 1500 S 361 394522 0792337 NIGHTINGALE, DONALD OHIOPYLE ADDISON 1540 S 362 394518 0792240 BURKE, JR, JAMES OHIOPYLE ADDISON 1910 H 363 394520 0792238 DEGANHARDT, W. OHIOPYLE ADDISON 1905 H 364 394337 0792118 GLASS, B. ACCIDENT ADDISON 1900 S 365 394752 0791956 BURD, LOUISE CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1405 V 366 394939 0791804 SECHLER, EVERETT CONFLUENCE LOWER TURKEYFOOT 1640 S 401 400112 0790339 SUMMIT MACHINERY SOMERSET SOMERSET 2200 S 402 400112 0790327 SOMERSET ALLIANCE CHURCH SOMERSET SOMERSET 2190 F 403 400112 0790327 SOMERSET ALLIANCE CHURCH SOMERSET SOMERSET 2190 F 404 400131 0790304 N.A.P. SOMERSET SOMERSET 2220 S 405 400202 0790227 GEIGER CHURCH SOMERSET SOMERSET 2190 S 406 400037 0790121 LUDY, C. SOMERSET SOMERSET 2430 S 407 400038 0790050 BEEMAN, DAVID SOMERSET SOMERSET 2300 S 408 400108 0790540 GRACE BRETHREN CHURCH SOMERSET SOMERSET 2270 H 409 400203 0790702 MULHOLLEN, JAMES SOMERSET SOMERSET 2180 S 410 400252 0790559 BALOUGH, N. SOMERSET SOMERSET 2180 V 411 400238 0790604 DAVIDSON, MARK SOMERSET SOMERSET 2170 S 412 400352 0790427 KRAUSE ELECTRIC SOMERSET SOMERSET 2230 S

192 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1199 1984 T Pa 170 14.0 21 66/138/170 20 7 SHLE 328 1199 1986 H Pa 80 21 62 12 6 SHLE 329 1199 1989 H Pa 190 8.0 40 59/106/175 46.00 1989 8 7 SDSL 330 1199 1974 H Pa 225 43 108/212 7 6 SDSL Y 331 1199 1973 T Pa 107 8.0 37 47/90 10 6 SDSL 332 1199 1984 H Pcg 125 16.0 26 85/115 6 7 SHLE 333 1199 1990 H Pa 90 21 60 12 7 334 1199 1986 T Pa 220 1.5 335 0944 1979 T Pa 150 20.0 90 70/80/130 120.00 10 6 SNDS 336 0148 1966 U Pcg 129 6.0 124 SNDS 337 1242 1981 P Pa 98 30.0 39 57 45.00 1981 15 6 SHLE 338 1242 1981 P Pa 85 5.0 26 47/75 47.00 1981 35 6 SDSL 339 1199 1989 P Pa 370 16.0 60 85/210/250/340 89.00 1989 30 7 SDSL 340 1199 1987 H Pa 250 229 7 341 1199 1991 H Pa 75 22.0 30 45/59 28.00 1991 30 7 SDSL 342 0944 1968 H Pa 169 18.0 20 80/152 5 6 SHLE Y 343 1199 1977 U Pa 340 21 240 2 6 SDSL 344 1199 1983 H Pa 268 30 88/270 6 6 SDSL 345 1199 1982 S Pp 330 6.0 42 315 30 6 SDSL 346 1199 1982 U Pa 120 9.0 40 65 20 7 SHLE 347 1090 1978 H Pa 100 10.0 21 35 35.00 1978 2 7 SNDS Y 348 1242 1988 H Pcc 222 26.0 30 100/150 100.00 1988 5 6 349 0944 1979 H Pcc 120 10.0 21 40/100 3 6 SNDS 350 0148 1967 H Pcc 2 351 0148 1967 U Pcc 85 5.0 5 SNDS 352 1199 1984 H Pcc 188 16.0 43 66/145 4 7 SDSL Y 353 1199 1986 H Pcg 364 45 28 3 7 SDSL 354 1199 1987 H Pcg 130 20.0 30 34/90 6 7 SHLE Y 355 1199 1975 H Pcg 205 10.0 42 165/190 6 6 SDSL 356 1199 1987 H Pa 445 29.0 42 365/405 253.80 1994 1 6 SDSL Y 357 1199 1991 H Pp 222 19.0 30 60 7 SDSL 358 1215 1994 P Pcg 300 16.0 20 1 8 SDSL 359 1199 1987 H Pcg 149 24.0 42 139 30 6 Y 360 1199 1976 H Pcg 243 23.0 40 123 2 6 SHLE 361 1962 H Pcc 70 Y 362 0440 1980 H Pcc 60 32.0 33 50 20.00 1980 12 0.60 6 SHLE 363 1612 1983 H Pcg 184 18.0 21 80/135 24.00 1983 6 0.04 6 SHLE 364 0865 1977 H Pa 198 9.0 40 76/169 29.00 1977 10 0.06 6 Y 365 1960 H Pcg 100 Y 366 1242 1992 C Pa 222 190/212 50.00 1992 100 401 1090 1981 T Pa 147 10.0 25 108 108.00 1981 15 6 SHLE 402 1199 1989 T Pa 310 10.0 60 115/266/290 35.00 1989 12 7 SHLE 403 1242 1988 C Pa 372 50.0 172 210/297 210.00 1988 4 6 404 0905 1973 T Pcg 168 18.0 31 50/100 50.00 1973 5 0.05 6 405 1090 1978 H Pa 173 10.0 38 71/79 71.00 1978 20 6 406 1090 1971 H Pa 80 15.0 21 40/70 70.00 1971 50 7 SDSL 407 1199 1992 T Pcg 124 21 70/80/115 20 7 SDSL Y 408 1199 1987 H Pcc 230 13.0 21 46/100 5 6 SHLE 409 1199 1985 H Pcg 164 8.0 21 100/111/148 5 7 SDSL 410 1199 1989 H Pcg 250 8.0 21 44/190 61.00 1989 5 6 SDSL 411 1199 1988 C Pcg 370 46.0 50 120/200/250 4 6 SHLE Y 412

193 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 413 400129 0790600 PRITTS, GLENN SOMERSET SOMERSET 2240 S 414 400300 0790333 ZEHNER, JOHN SOMERSET SOMERSET 2220 S 415 400633 0790109 MCVICKER, NEIL SOMERSET QUEMAHONING 2090 S 416 400618 0790242 BUDZINA, STEPHEN SOMERSET JENNER 2230 W 417 400028 0790619 NEILAN, JAMES SOMERSET SOMERSET 2060 S 418 400354 0790556 LOHR, SCOTT SOMERSET LINCOLN 1960 V 419 400441 0790544 KIMMEL, D. SOMERSET LINCOLN 1990 V 420 400624 0790702 FRITZ, ROBERT D. SOMERSET LINCOLN 2050 S 421 400630 0790705 SARVER, JAMES E. SOMERSET LINCOLN 1920 V 422 400623 0790700 BUNTING, WILLIAM SOMERSET LINCOLN 1970 S 423 400601 0790703 FLANNERY, V. SOMERSET LINCOLN 1990 V 424 400647 0790627 BLAIR SOMERSET LINCOLN 1940 V 425 400647 0790725 BUELL, CLYDE SOMERSET LINCOLN 1860 V 426 400134 0790440 PINE HAVEN INC. SOMERSET SOMERSET 2150 F 427 400108 0790530 WICKS, CLIFFORD SOMERSET SOMERSET 2230 H 428 400428 0790341 JACOBS, JAMES M. SOMERSET LINCOLN 2230 S 429 400439 0790506 ARNOLD, MELVIN R. SOMERSET LINCOLN 2080 V 430 400216 0790528 ENOS, WILLIAM SOMERSET SOMERSET 2150 V 431 400531 0790605 MORAN TRUCKING SOMERSET LINCOLN 2000 S 432 400116 0790051 FLICK, B. SOMERSET SOMERSET 2140 V 433 400115 0790049 FRIEDLINE, KENNETH SOMERSET SOMERSET 2140 V 434 400040 0791230 HOWARD, E. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2220 W 435 400011 0791226 DEWITT, ROBERT BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2225 S 436 400053 0791224 LOVE, JAMES W. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2240 H 437 400137 0791323 SCHUMACHER, E. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 1990 H 438 400233 0791321 ANGERMIER, MICHAEL BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2220 S 439 400239 0791332 WALKER, F. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2320 S 440 400041 0790817 BARRON, EUGENE BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2120 S 441 400237 0790720 STAHL, GEORGE SOMERSET SOMERSET 2190 W 442 400126 0790920 BECKNER, R. BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2240 H 443 400102 0790835 HEMMINGER, SAM BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2120 H 444 400059 0790853 ROCK, EUGENE BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2110 H 445 400104 0790922 RITENOUR, JAMES BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2195 H 446 400033 0790823 BARRON, WAYNE BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2140 S 447 400051 0790851 DERBERRY, D. BAKERSVILLE SOMERSET 2060 S 448 400226 0791259 HILLEGAS, W. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2020 V 449 400233 0791302 LAFFERTY, W. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2060 V 450 400444 0791327 MEYERS, R. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2260 V 451 400430 0791008 WILSON, W. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2170 H 452 400428 0791008 COULTER, J. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2130 H 453 400441 0790954 HORNER, CHARLES BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2100 S 454 400458 0790921 BARNES, R. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2090 S 455 400510 0790736 NAIR, JOE BAKERSVILLE LINCOLN 1990 V 456 400515 0790734 AIRESMAN, ROY BAKERSVILLE LINCOLN 2000 S 457 400514 0790731 KLINE, CHARLES BAKERSVILLE LINCOLN 1990 V 458 400522 0790706 GNEGY, DELORES SOMERSET LINCOLN 1985 S 459 400456 0790834 WICKHAM, S. BAKERSVILLE LINCOLN 2200 H 460 400116 0791537 LAUREL HILL STATE PARK SEVEN SPRINGS JEFFERSON 2395 S 461 400040 0791228 HOWARD, EDWARD J. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2200 W 462 395919 0791350 LAUREL HILL STATE PARK ROCKWOOD MIDDLECREEK 1940 V 463 400312 0791305 MULLEN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2200 V

194 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1199 1991 H Pcg 199 30.0 40 145/180 62.00 1991 7 6 SDSL Y 413 1199 1989 H Pcg 280 144/220/270 22.00 1989 20 SDSL 414 1090 1990 H Pa 597 35.0 228 370 270.00 1990 4 0.01 6 Y 415 1199 1990 H Pcg 70 25.0 39 40 10 7 416 1199 1988 H Pcg 220 16.0 40 80/144 8 6 SHLE 417 1199 1992 H Pcg 103 12.0 31 35/84 60 6 SDSL 418 1199 1983 H Pcg 110 34.0 34 70/90 7 6 SDSL 419 1199 1992 H Pcg 262 8.0 21 72/250 7 6 SDSL Y 420 1199 1991 H Pcg 142 22.0 40 98/115 15 6 SDSL Y 421 1199 1992 H Pcg 260 10.0 28 260 100 6 SDSL Y 422 1242 1991 H Pcg 228 17.0 22 51/125/201 30.00 1991 100 0.51 8 SDSL 423 1199 1991 H Pcg 143 17.6 30 122 30 6 SDSL 424 1199 1991 H Pcg 82 15.0 21 45/68 F 1994 50 6 SDSL Y 425 1199 1990 C Pcg 124 14.0 41 46/88/99 15 6 SDSL Y 426 1199 1990 H Pcg 330 27.0 65 148/178/197 2 6 SHLE 427 1199 1991 H Pcg 360 21.0 110/141 3 SDSL Y 428 1199 1989 H Pcg 168 80 117/144 32.00 1989 10 6 SHLE 429 1199 1992 H Pcg 70 30.0 40 60 6 SHLE 430 1091 1978 C Pcg 147 20.0 42 120 25 6 SDSL Y 431 1090 1985 H Pa 50 15.0 38 42 6.00 1985 15 2.50 6 SHLE 432 1199 1988 H Pa 62 43.0 45 50/56 12 6 SDSL 433 1199 1985 H Pcg 304 16.0 25 60/138 3 7 SDSL 434 1199 1977 H Pcc 164 21 95 9 6 435 1199 1991 H Pcc 110 18.5 21 83 31.00 1991 30 7 SDSL 436 1199 1986 H Pa 120 15.0 40 22/96 20 7 SDSL 437 1199 1987 H Pa 270 21 50/130/253 8 6 SHLE 438 1199 1984 H Pa 150 30 56/130 6 7 SDSL 439 1090 1975 H Pcg 396 36.0 56 190 1 7 SDSL Y 440 1199 1987 H Pcc 190 16.0 63 90/161 2 6 SHLE Y 441 1199 1980 H Pcc 245 25.0 38 6 7 Y 442 1199 1991 H Pcg 403 15.0 21 108/380 6 7 SHLE 443 0944 1968 U Pcc 284 1 SNDS 444 1199 1977 H Pcc 400 21 164/360 1 6 445 1090 1972 H Pcc 247 30.0 31 55/190 3 7 SHLE 446 1199 1980 H Pcc 84 12.0 30 50 20 7 SHLE Y 447 1199 1987 H Pa 90 21 43/68 50 6 SHLE 448 1199 1985 H Pa 130 33 71/114 50 7 SDSL 449 1242 1991 H Mb 72 35.0 42 52/65 0.00 1991 50 6 SNDS 450 1242 1988 H Pa 222 8.0 25 197 150.00 1988 20 6 Y 451 1242 1988 H Pcg 97 17.0 20 45/50 45.00 1988 8 6 SDSL 452 0148 1968 H Pcg 62 40.0 10 SNDS 453 1199 1985 H Pcg 128 21 50/128 20 7 SDSL Y 454 1199 1972 H Pcg 65 21 33/50 10 6 SDSL Y 455 1199 1988 H Pcg 130 15.0 40 63 3 6 SHLE 456 1199 1992 H Pcg 243 22.0 79 136/206 7 7 SDSL 457 0148 1966 H Pcg 162 27.0 150 64.00 1966 3 SNDS Y 458 1199 1985 H Pcc 210 6.0 23 45 12 7 SDSL 459 1215 1994 U Mb 575 37.0 40 536 152.20 1994 70 16 Y 460 1199 1993 H Pcc 100 40 42/70 10 6 SDSL 461 1215 1994 P Pcg 140 51.0 61 69 8.23 1994 20 8.0 Y 462 1242 1981 H Pa 95 16.0 42 68 50.00 1981 20 6 SDSL 463

195 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 464 400325 0791309 PERINO, L. BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2370 S 465 400117 0791031 SANDERSON, JOHN BAKERSVILLE JEFFERSON 2130 S 466 395649 0790803 WEYAND, CLARK ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2025 S 467 395643 0790744 TRICE, LESTER ROCKWOOD MILFORD 1995 V 468 395646 0790818 MORGAN, R. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 1950 S 469 395820 0791032 SHINHALT, J. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2120 H 470 395758 0791224 SANNER, J. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2050 S 471 395823 0791026 SNYDER, L. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2125 H 472 395823 0791026 SNYDER, J. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2125 H 473 395639 0791128 MESSIAH LUTHERAN CHURCH ROCKWOOD NEW CENTERVILLE BORO 2140 F 474 395635 0791129 MILFORD TWP. GRANGE ROCKWOOD NEW CENTERVILLE BORO 2125 F 475 395631 0791130 FIRST NATIONAL BANK ROCKWOOD NEW CENTERVILLE BORO 2125 F 476 395655 0791153 GOLLER, CLEO ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2100 F 477 395649 0791314 MOORE, JESSIE ROCKWOOD MIDDLECREEK 2045 S 478 395754 0791236 BITTNER, ROBERT ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2000 V 479 395754 0791236 BITTNER, ROBERT ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2000 V 480 400646 0784631 CENTRAL CITY BORO CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2320 V 481 395457 0785330 DEAM, JOE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2360 S 482 395502 0785422 VOUGHT, G. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2420 S 483 395459 0785422 VOUGHT, G. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2430 S 484 395537 0785628 SNYDER'S POTATO CHIPS BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2285 F 485 395531 0785631 SNYDER'S POTATO CHIPS BERLIN BERLIN BORO 2290 F 486 395526 0785631 SNYDER'S POTATO CHIPS BERLIN BERLIN BORO 2305 F 487 395348 0785615 LEISTER, FRED BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2120 S 488 395306 0785915 MARKER CONSTRUCTION CO. BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2370 H 489 395241 0785851 SCHROCK, WAYNE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2310 S 490 395255 0785852 SCHROCK, WAYNE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2380 H 491 395241 0785801 RHOADS, WILLIAM BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2320 S 492 395250 0785707 WRIGHT, EARL BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2360 H 493 400013 0791538 DICK, E. SEVEN SPRINGS MIDDLECREEK 2280 S 494 400029 0791727 SEVEN SPRINGS BORO SEVEN SPRINGS MIDDLECREEK 2406 V 495 395548 0785750 GOLBY, OLIVE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2320 F 496 395545 0785756 ATHEY, RICHARD BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2340 F 497 395709 0785730 PLATT, CLYDE BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2260 V 498 395816 0785728 CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2320 S 499 395820 0785742 WHITE OAK VETERINARY BERLIN BROTHERS VALLEY 2350 F 500 401001 0785734 BETHCO PINES HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1635 S 501 400809 0785842 SOLAR MINING HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 1720 S 502 400917 0785612 CAMP HARMONY HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 1910 S 503 401011 0785428 ROGERS, JAN HOOVERSVILLE SHADE 1650 S 504 401019 0785438 PLOUVISH, STEVEN HOOVERSVILLE QUEMAHONING 1620 S 505 401348 0785437 CHAMBERS DEVELOPMENT HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1950 S 506 401425 0785745 DIMUZIO, THOMAS HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1885 S 507 401537 0790028 THOMAS, ZACHARY RACHELWOOD CONEMAUGH 1675 S 508 401222 0785700 ULLERY, WILLIAM HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1830 S 509 401206 0785641 MOORE, JAMES HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1770 S 510 401209 0785745 YODER, HENRY HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1730 S 511 401155 0785714 PRITTS, E. HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1690 V 512 401346 0785435 CHAMBERS DEVELOPMENT HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1950 S 513 401346 0785437 CHAMBERS DEVELOPMENT HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1950 S 514 400815 0790050 WATKINS, D. BOSWELL JENNER 2010 V

196 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1242 1990 H Pa 297 15.0 30 70 100.00 1990 2 6 SDSL Y 464 1199 1976 H Pcc 75 12.0 35 61 50 6 SHLE 465 0148 1967 H Pcg 20 Y 466 1199 1981 H Pa 39 16.0 21 23 60 7 SHLE Y 467 1199 1977 H Pa 80 8.0 30 48/60 30 6 468 0148 1969 H Pcg 74 2.0 8 67 20 6 SNDS Y 469 1199 1982 H Pcc 165 21.0 26 125/145 10 6 SDSL 470 1242 1989 H Pa 372 25.0 63 140/280/350 102.00 1989 12 6 471 1242 1982 H Pcg 290 20.0 52 100/175/202/280 75.00 1982 12 6 SHLE 472 1199 1991 T Pa 282 34.0 40 124/250 12 7 SDSL 473 0944 1968 T Pcg 224 18.0 21 60 3 6 SDSL 474 1090 1973 T Pcg 122 34.0 41 65 6 7 475 1199 1991 H Pcg 135 11.0 82 90/115 25 7 SDSL 476 1199 1991 H Pcg 95 21.0 41 43.00 1991 7 SHLE 477 1199 1989 H Pcc 88 24.0 40 66 14.00 1989 16 6 SDSL 478 1199 1986 U Pcc 210 20.0 40 60 12 7 SDSL 479 1503 1994 P Pp 490 53.0 53 F 1994 170 8 480 1199 1991 H Pa 110 40 58/74 10 6 SDSL 481 1199 1987 H Pa 112 10.0 42 58/103 20 6 SHLE Y 482 1199 1985 U Pa 170 22.0 35 46 15 6 SDSL 483 1199 1977 I Pcc 125 42 65/89 60 6 SHLE 484 1199 1977 I Pcc 244 42 202 25 6 485 1199 1987 I Pcc 225 42 85/185 5 6 SHLE 486 1199 1992 H Pcg 122 31 50/102/110 20 6 487 1199 1989 C Pcc 430 30.0 240 300/408 115.00 1989 4 7 SHLE Y 488 1199 1971 H Pm 223 23.0 36 100 50.00 1971 6 SDSL 489 1199 1989 H Pcc 450 28.0 140 320/337 125.00 1989 1 7 SDSL 490 1199 1972 H Pcc 114 8.0 21 80/100 19.50 1994 10 6 Y 491 1199 1992 H Pcc 300 50.0 61 122/151/260 6 0 492 1199 1986 H Pp 110 10.0 21 49/82/95/98 80 6 SDSL 493 1090 1993 U Mmc 306 15.0 41 60 53.90 1994 2 7 494 1199 1991 H Pcc 103 30.0 40 55/60 15 7 495 1199 1989 H Pcc 250 15.0 100 177/184/230 53.00 1989 6 7 SHLE 496 1199 1988 H Pcc 70 18.0 50 56 25 6 Y 497 1199 1977 T Pcg 114 12.0 21 55/98 20 6 SDSL 498 1199 1987 C Pcg 190 16.0 105 160/174 22 6 SDSL 499 0890 1973 C Pa 251 110.00 1973 5 Y 500 1263 1975 C Pa 247 26.0 42 107/178/227 30 7 SHLE Y 501 1242 1989 C Pa 247 13.0 42 47/110/120/167/225 110.00 1989 20 6 502 0592 1991 H Pa 120 33.0 80 29/42/90 50.00 1991 15 0.27 4.0 Y 503 0209 1988 H Pp 93 43.0 50 84 35.00 1988 18 1.20 6 SNDS Y 504 1728 1990 U Pcg 172 15.0 154 4 505 1199 1977 H Pcc 265 21 45 3.5 6 SHLE 506 0080 1982 H Pcg 100 24.0 33 26.60 1982 15 6 Y 507 0209 1975 H Pcg 89 14.0 20 50/80 12 6 508 0890 1972 H Pcg 78 19.0 21 45 20.00 1972 10 5.00 6 Y 509 0209 1974 H Pa 61 10.0 17 55 18 6 510 0209 1980 U Pa 83 20.0 40 60/78 37.00 1980 10 6 Y 511 1728 1990 U Pcg 258 15.0 240 4 SNDS 512 1728 1990 U Pcg 372 30.0 352 4 SNDS 513 0209 1990 H Pa 67 24.0 32 45/62 22.00 1990 15 5.00 6 SNDS 514

197 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 515 400906 0790116 BOBACK, J. BOSWELL JENNER 1905 H 516 401204 0790129 SPEIGLE, D. BOSWELL JENNER 1885 S 517 401428 0790200 HORNER, WAYNE BOSWELL JENNER 1895 S 518 401346 0785928 TREVARROW HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1500 V 519 401107 0790133 ROSE, R. BOSWELL JENNER 1975 H 520 400855 0790434 STOY, S. BOSWELL JENNER 1940 S 521 401609 0785933 HALL, JAMES JOHNSTOWN CONEMAUGH 1400 S 522 401042 0784150 ALLISON, R. OGLETOWN OGLE 2610 S 523 401036 0784139 DETTLING, D. OGLETOWN OGLE 2670 S 524 401033 0784143 STUDER, D. OGLETOWN OGLE 2650 S 525 400930 0784224 ROMAN, STEVE OGLETOWN OGLE 2610 S 526 401115 0784126 BARNES, S. OGLETOWN OGLE 2680 V 527 401211 0784232 MELLOTT, B. OGLETOWN OGLE 2360 S 528 401222 0784253 WHITAKER, PAUL OGLETOWN OGLE 2355 S 529 400528 0784437 LAMBERT, G. SCHELLSBURG SHADE 2695 S 530 401058 0784827 BIGAN, MICHAEL WINDBER PAINT 2065 S 531 401103 0784827 BIGAN, MICHAEL WINDBER PAINT 2050 S 532 401259 0784825 DILORETO, F. WINDBER PAINT 1860 S 533 400850 0784703 BOROUGH OF WINDBER WINDBER OGLE 2190 V 534 400912 0784652 BOROUGH OF WINDBER WINDBER OGLE 2225 V 535 401044 0784949 HELBIG, G. WINDBER PAINT 2040 S 536 401117 0785640 PETIT, L. HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1590 S 537 401127 0785629 PETIT, L. HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1600 S 538 401154 0785735 HOSTETLER, LEON HOOVERSVILLE CONEMAUGH 1695 V 539 400915 0790009 EMERICK, N. BOSWELL JENNER 1890 H 540 400856 0790024 EMERICK SR., JOHN BOSWELL JENNER 1945 S 541 400857 0790025 EMERICK JR., JOHN BOSWELL JENNER 1945 S 542 400728 0785515 SHAMODY, D. STOYSTOWN SHADE 1780 S 543 401129 0785437 MILLER, HAROLD W. HOOVERSVILLE PAINT 1650 S 544 401206 0785421 BRYDEN, T. HOOVERSVILLE PAINT 1975 S 545 401442 0790040 THOMAS, S. BOSWELL CONEMAUGH 1790 S 546 401145 0785348 VARNER, W. HOOVERSVILLE PAINT 2095 H 549 401119 0785329 KEGG, JAMES HOOVERSVILLE PAINT 2145 H 550 401113 0784153 WEYANT JR., HARVEY OGLETOWN OGLE 2595 S 551 401153 0784153 WISSINGER, R. OGLETOWN OGLE 2390 S 552 401109 0784751 BLOUGH, JOHN WINDBER PAINT 2150 H 553 401507 0785804 STUTZMAN, CALVIN JOHNSTOWN CONEMAUGH 1410 S 554 401504 0785813 STEFANIK, ALBERT JOHNSTOWN CONEMAUGH 1400 S 555 401544 0785435 THOMAS, L. JOHNSTOWN CONEMAUGH 1400 S 557 400426 0785243 ROX COAL STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2580 H 558 400532 0785714 MUTZ, DEBBIE STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1795 V 559 400515 0785705 GRIFFITH, ALAN STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1960 S 560 400415 0785651 MILLER, WAVE D. STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 2010 S 561 400604 0785623 C&R TAVERN STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 1745 V 562 400621 0785000 FERKO, J. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2310 S 563 400148 0785725 WEIGLE, NEVIN STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2425 S 564 400157 0785449 DEETSCREEK, NELO STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2320 S 565 400403 0785040 MANKAMYER, DOYAL CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2460 S 566 400449 0785024 LOHR, F. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2470 V 567 400220 0785028 WALKER, L. CENTRAL CITY STONYCREEK 2380 S 568 400110 0785803 MOSTOLLER, C. STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2445 S

198 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1091 1979 H Pa 122 29.0 34 100 30 6 515 0209 1990 H Pcc 75 22.0 40 53 12.00 1990 6 0.10 6 Y 516 1199 1991 H Pcc 90 16.0 21 30/64 35.00 1991 20 6 SHLE 517 0209 1988 H Pcg 93 19.0 27 32.00 1988 7 0.13 6 Y 518 1199 1978 H Pcg 175 10.0 42 1 6 SDSL 519 1090 1990 H Pcc 122 8.0 20 99 38.00 1990 10 0.12 6 SHLE 520 0210 1967 H Pa 60 23.0 31 50/55 22.00 1967 10 5.00 6 Y 521 0209 1989 H Mb 228 15.0 27 150/210 25.30 1992 5 0.03 6 SNDS Y 522 0209 1989 H Mb 118 37.0 45 110 32.00 1989 7 0.08 6 SNDS Y 523 0209 1990 H Mb 195 27.0 33 85/160/180 18.00 1990 5 0.03 6 SNDS 524 0209 1987 H Mb 95 32.0 40 65/85 32.00 1987 6 0.10 6 SNDS Y 525 0209 1985 H Mb 125 25.0 32 120 45.00 1985 5 6 SNDS 526 0138 1979 H Mlh 102 18.0 24 35/88 30.00 1979 20 0.38 6 SNDS Y 527 1199 1991 H Mmc 150 13.0 41 47/61/98/130 15 6 Y 528 0209 1977 H Mmc 62 13.0 20 30/58 15 6 SNDS 529 1090 1971 H Pp 123 16.0 21 50/103 103.00 1971 7 SNDS 530 1090 1971 H Pp 73 16.0 21 60 7 SDSL 531 1090 1991 U Pp 297 12.0 21 60/270 14.50 1991 12.2 0.27 6 Y 532 0242 1988 U Pp 128 25.0 31 35/117 500 25.00 8 533 0242 1988 P Mmc 328 13.0 56 68/139/178 11.50 1988 280 5.26 8 534 0138 1989 H Pp 168 24.0 30 67/100/130 50.00 1989 6 0.08 6 Y 535 0209 1988 H Pa 100 17.0 27 75 15.00 1988 3 0.04 6 SHLE Y 536 0209 1989 H Pa 95 15.0 28 85 42.00 1989 15 0.65 6 Y 537 1102 1966 H Pa 89 20.0 60/68/76 49.00 1966 8 0.50 538 1199 1984 U Pa 170 53 88/135 20 7 SDSL 539 1091 1975 U Pa 147 12.0 21 50/80 80.00 1975 2 7 540 1242 1975 U Pa 120 14.0 21 90 90.00 1975 6 7 SDSL 541 0209 1991 H Pa 117 19.0 27 42/104 33.00 1991 10 0.12 6 542 1090 1975 H Pa 125 50.0 56 60/110 100 7 543 0209 1988 H Pcg 143 22.0 35 135 53.00 1988 20 6 Y 544 0209 1983 H Pcg 120 8.0 20 89/105 75.00 1983 6 0.86 6 545 0209 1986 H Pcg 158 14.0 27 140 38.00 1992 6 0.06 6 SHLE Y 546 0209 1992 H Pcg 240 20.0 28 147 136.00 1992 1 0.00 6 549 0138 1986 H Mb 139 25.0 26 53/90/111 50.00 1986 8 0.16 6 SNDS Y 550 2390 1981 H Mb 183 160 30.00 1981 6 0.04 Y 551 1199 1984 U Pp 430 6.0 32 358 1 7 552 0210 1967 U Pcg 150 18.0 144 120.00 1967 9 553 0210 1967 U Pcg 165 554 1242 1988 H Pa 172 8.0 80 90/144 90.00 1988 12 6 555 1927 1991 C Pa 131 10.0 42 25/97/130 57.30 1991 8 1.23 8 SNDS 557 1091 1975 H Pa 72 28.0 34 40/55 55.00 1975 6 7 SHLE Y 558 1242 1973 H Pa 360 5.0 156 250/339 339.00 1973 4 7 Y 559 1199 1975 H Pa 144 21 130/142 20 6 SHLE 560 1199 1977 C Pa 52 20.0 48 48 30 6 SHLE 561 0209 1981 H Pa 200 15.0 25 85/140/180 115.00 1981 12 6 562 1199 1976 H Pa 246 10.0 21 162/276 5 6 SNDS 563 1199 1977 H Pa 60 6.0 21 44 60 6 Y 564 1199 1987 H Pcg 170 60/150 6 Y 565 0209 1980 H Pcg 98 14.0 20 92 65.00 1980 25 6 SHLE Y 566 1050 1981 H Pcg 72 18.0 28 55 35.00 1981 15 0.75 6 SHLE 567 1199 1980 H Pa 204 4.0 73 144/172 8 7 SDSL 568

199 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 569 400006 0785929 SHAFFER, LLOYD STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2420 S 570 400004 0785926 SHAFFER, JAY STOYSTOWN SOMERSET 2415 S 571 400444 0784847 RENNER, R. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2535 S 572 400401 0784859 KALAHA, GEORGE CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2565 S 573 400525 0784851 POPIG, T. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2505 S 574 400103 0785419 SHANKSVILLE FIRE DEPT. STOYSTOWN SHANKSVILLE BORO 2260 S 575 400523 0784429 LAMBERT, E. SCHELLSBURG SHADE 2765 F 576 400607 0784405 KOBAN, A. SCHELLSBURG SHADE 2505 V 577 400551 0784408 MYERS, D. SCHELLSBURG SHADE 2610 S 578 400548 0784610 KOTT, J. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2545 S 579 400259 0784625 MORRACA, W. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2830 S 580 400638 0784405 NICHOLS, BURT SCHELLSBURG SHADE 2520 S 581 400553 0784929 FERKO, W. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2270 S 582 400507 0784941 BLACKBURN, BARB CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2385 S 583 400458 0784955 BLACKBURN, BARB CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2405 S 584 400500 0784955 BLACKBURN, W. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2400 S 585 400644 0785651 STAYBROOK STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 2200 H 586 400555 0785748 SHEPLEY, JAMES STOYSTOWN QUEMAHONING 2005 S 587 400410 0784849 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2555 F 588 400412 0784851 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2545 S 589 400417 0784846 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2560 S 590 400415 0784847 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2555 S 591 400419 0784856 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2525 S 592 400418 0784855 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2530 S 593 400417 0784853 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2530 S 594 400416 0784852 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2540 S 595 400413 0784847 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2555 S 596 400439 0784824 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2520 S 597 400443 0784819 PBS COAL INC. CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2525 S 598 400320 0785416 PBS COAL INC. STOYSTOWN STONYCREEK 2450 S 599 394634 0785412 KLINK, RANDY WITTENBERG LARIMER 2380 V 600 394620 0785424 BLAND, C. WITTENBERG LARIMER 2440 V 601 394608 0785429 BEAL, FRITZ WITTENBERG LARIMER 2505 S 602 394634 0785406 PELKEY, ALFRED WITTENBERG LARIMER 2440 S 603 394918 0785651 STAIRS, M. WITTENBERG LARIMER 2180 S 604 394909 0785608 BILL'S LUMBER WITTENBERG LARIMER 2100 V 605 395100 0785316 GEARY, MARY WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2500 H 606 395017 0785312 SMITH, LEROY WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2110 V 607 394612 0785722 KNIERIEM, W. WITTENBERG GREENVILLE 2450 S 608 394609 0785724 KNIERIEM, W. WITTENBERG GREENVILLE 2440 S 609 394612 0785732 KNIERIEM, W. WITTENBERG GREENVILLE 2370 V 610 394659 0785707 CRISSINGER, DAVID WITTENBERG LARIMER 2400 S 611 394504 0785928 GREENVILLE LUTH. CHURCH WITTENBERG GREENVILLE 2635 H 612 394655 0785520 CLITES, GREG WITTENBERG LARIMER 2550 S 613 394646 0785514 VALENTINE, WILLIAM WITTENBERG LARIMER 2625 S 614 394644 0785513 VALENTINE, WILLIAM WITTENBERG LARIMER 2620 S 616 394728 0785759 CUNNINGHAM MEAT PKG. WITTENBERG LARIMER 2205 S 617 394655 0785949 GAEDE, CARL WITTENBERG SUMMIT 2520 S 618 394655 0785952 GAEDE, CARL WITTENBERG SUMMIT 2540 H 619 395109 0785714 BITTNER, RODGER WITTENBERG BROTHERS VALLEY 2435 S 620 394812 0785820 SMEARMAN, HARRY WITTENBERG LARIMER 2415 S

200 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1263 1975 H Pa 81 20.0 29 71 71.00 1975 12 7 SHLE 569 1199 1991 H Pa 150 10.0 40 62/86/135 15 6 570 0209 1986 H Pcg 85 17.0 27 80 23.00 1986 9 0.18 6 571 1927 1991 H Pcg 74 24.0 21 65 33.00 1991 10 10.00 8 572 0209 1987 H Pcg 85 25.0 33 80 31.00 1987 12 0.27 6 Y 573 1927 1989 F Pcg 100 18.0 30 29/100 5 6 SHLE 574 0209 1991 H Mmc 50 19.0 27 40 13.00 1991 20 2.50 6 SNDS 575 0209 1991 H Mb 140 32.0 40 135 23.00 1991 6 0.05 6 Y 576 0209 1991 H Mb 125 15.0 23 54/115 22.00 1991 12 0.21 6 SNDS 577 0209 1990 H Pp 100 20.0 28 85/93 45.00 1990 5 0.11 6 SNDS Y 578 0209 1982 H Pp 75 12.0 20 50/70 5 6 SNDS 579 0209 1991 H Mb 120 40.0 47 82/110 35.00 1991 8 0.10 6 580 0209 1977 H Pa 159 25.0 55 40/150 12 6 581 0209 1982 H Pcg 50 15.0 25 40 10 6 Y 582 0209 1980 H Pcg 63 12.0 20 55 18.00 1980 12 6 583 0209 1977 H Pcg 60 17.0 22 38/55 10 6 SNDS 584 1199 1985 H Pcg 184 24.0 33 42/110/148 8 7 SHLE 585 1091 1975 H Pa 298 17.0 21 55/239 2 7 SHLE 586 1927 1991 U Pcg 83 14.0 20 15/83 6 587 1927 1991 U Pcg 83 11.0 20 25/83 6 588 1927 1991 U Pcg 73 17.0 20 73 8 589 1927 1991 U Pcg 74 13.0 20 50 6 590 1927 1991 H Pcg 70 24.0 30 70 18.00 1991 10 3.33 8 591 1927 1991 U Pcg 78 28.0 30 50 6 592 1927 1992 U Pcg 83 28.0 32 25/75/83 6 593 1927 1991 U Pcg 80 30.0 37 40/80 6 594 1927 1991 U Pcg 74 5.0 20 6 595 1927 1990 U Pa 120 9.0 20 6 SHLE 596 1927 1990 U Pa 135 10.0 20 6 597 1927 1989 C Pa 200 16.0 40 100/175/200 7 6 SHLE 598 1199 1977 H Df 190 21 40/125 4 6 SHLE 599 1199 1982 H Df 410 34 100/350 12 7 SDSL 600 1199 1984 H Df 290 16.0 21 30/150/190 75.00 1984 40 7 SHLE 601 1199 1977 H Df 160 4.0 21 84/116 3 6 SHLE 602 1199 1982 H Dck 349 22 204/315 3 6 603 1199 1990 C Dck 99 13.0 21 38/69/85 0.00 1990 15 7 SDSL Y 604 1199 1990 H Df 275 4.0 21 206 75.00 1990 4 7 605 1199 1972 H Df 55 21 40 20 6 SNDS Y 606 1199 1982 U Df 538 12.0 30 7 607 1199 1982 U Df 148 12.0 28 608 1199 1982 H Df 560 6.0 21 50/400 3 7 609 1199 1988 H Df 470 3.0 42 130/250 6 7 610 1119 1968 H Df 170 3 611 1199 1988 H Df 170 42.0 63 150 35 7 612 1612 1990 H Df 310 33.0 42 260 122.00 1993 8 6 Y 613 1199 1979 U Df 405 40 122.00 1993 0.5 6 SHLE 614 1199 1973 C Dck 231 8.0 42 80/224 28 6 SNDS 616 1993 H MDr 73 Y 617 1199 1991 H MDr 110 8.0 21 28/35/78 30 6 618 1199 1977 H Pa 104 32.0 36 72 25 6 619 1199 1988 H Dck 230 29 77/204 80 6 SDSL 620

201 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 621 394809 0785824 RAVENSCRAFT, TERRY WITTENBERG LARIMER 2390 S 622 394806 0785829 HEMMING, KENNETH WITTENBERG LARIMER 2355 S 623 394805 0785831 RAVENSCRAFT, JAMES WITTENBERG LARIMER 2345 S 624 394455 0785917 CAMP ALBRYOCA FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2610 S 625 394454 0785919 CAMP ALBRYOCA FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2600 S 626 395518 0785031 HILLEGAS, DANIEL NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2095 V 627 395516 0785037 HILLEGAS, RONALD NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2145 S 628 394810 0785702 SMITH, JAMES WITTENBERG LARIMER 2505 H 629 394809 0785657 SMITH, TERRY WITTENBERG LARIMER 2490 S 630 394815 0785656 FERRARI, TIM WITTENBERG LARIMER 2430 S 631 394811 0785654 WHITE, JAMES WITTENBERG LARIMER 2405 S 632 394812 0785648 SPEICHER, HENRY WITTENBERG LARIMER 2350 S 633 395106 0785510 COOK, ROBERT WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2125 V 634 395144 0785434 LASURE, DONALD WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2080 V 635 395138 0785436 RAUPACH, TERRY WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2150 S 636 395139 0785435 RAUPACH, JAMES WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2100 V 637 395118 0785355 STOCKWELL, L. WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2290 S 638 395103 0785333 BRICK, JEFF WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2485 H 639 395100 0785334 LEECY, LILIAN WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2485 H 640 395058 0785302 GEARY, DALE WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2380 S 641 395058 0785305 GEARY, DALE WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2395 S 642 394947 0785221 KEEFER, KYLE FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 2145 S 643 394338 0785051 GIBBONS, CLIFF CUMBERLAND WELLERSBURG BORO 1220 V 644 394429 0785714 WARE, RONALD FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2600 H 645 394425 0785725 DEAL, RANDY FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2650 H 646 394323 0785615 WERNER, LARRY FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2535 S 647 394323 0785617 WERNER, LARRY FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2545 S 648 394331 0785619 WERNER, RONALD FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2570 S 649 394354 0785549 SHOCKEY, JOHN FROSTBURG GREENVILLE 2470 S 650 395710 0784958 SARVER, THOMAS NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2225 S 651 395800 0784831 FOCHTMAN, SAMUEL NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1750 V 652 395816 0784853 GOOD, WILLIAM NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1715 V 653 395742 0784927 TALIAFERRO, T. NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2070 S 654 395904 0784759 FOCHTMAN, WAYNE NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1560 V 655 395902 0784736 SUHRIE, LEO NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1600 S 656 395453 0784933 DEETER, HAROLD NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1960 V 657 395437 0784909 MILLS, ZEDITH NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1950 V 658 395414 0784734 GRENKE, M. NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2240 S 659 395601 0784706 ALLEGHENY TWP. SHED NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2120 W 660 395757 0784707 SARVER, DAVE NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1660 S 661 395427 0784735 ENGLEKA, PAUL NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2360 S 662 395433 0784651 TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2265 S 663 395301 0784624 WIPPERMAN, LEROY NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1775 V 665 395248 0785116 LANDIS, WILLIAM NEW BALTIMORE NORTHAMPTON 1860 V 666 395330 0784911 MILLER, LEONARD NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2130 S 667 395521 0784626 WILL, DOROTHY NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1905 S 668 395518 0784610 MOWRY, H. NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1940 S 669 395514 0784603 MAURER, TIM NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1940 S 670 395847 0784555 NEW BALTIMORE FIRE CO. NEW BALTIMORE NEW BALTIMORE BORO 1390 V 671 395845 0784550 HANKINSON, DON NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1395 V 672 395858 0784617 SMITH, P. NEW BALTIMORE NEW BALTIMORE BORO 1420 V

202 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1199 1977 H Dck 91 18.0 38 85/92 18 6 621 1199 1973 H Dck 188 4.0 42 184 17 6 Y 622 1199 1976 H Dck 184 28.0 41 134/170 30 6 623 1199 1985 R Df 404 12.0 25 80/110 12 7 624 1199 1991 R Df 402 9.0 40 87/200/300/370 18 7 625 1199 1988 H Dck 180 11.0 84 154/156 30 7 SDSL Y 626 1199 1988 H Dck 190 12.0 21 139/170 5 6 627 1612 1990 H Dck 207 25.0 42 100 100.00 1990 10 0.09 6 SHLE Y 628 1199 1976 H Dck 305 21 70/285 3 6 SNDS Y 629 1199 1987 H Dck 245 8.0 21 46/140 2 6 630 1199 1977 H Dck 264 8.0 21 104/230 2 6 SHLE 631 1199 1992 H Df 400 21 160 2 7 SDSL Y 632 1199 1989 H Dck 168 11.0 21 45/140 6 7 Y 633 1199 1988 H Dck 208 21 90/172/188/208 12 7 SDSL Y 634 1199 1977 H Dck 223 21 45/160 60 6 SNDS 635 1199 1972 H Dck 205 17.0 30 129/185 6 6 636 1199 1979 H Dck 220 21 82/210 10 6 Y 637 1199 1989 H Df 290 24.0 28 200/270/275 59.00 1989 10 7 638 1199 1972 H Df 285 20.0 20 260 6 SDSL Y 639 1199 1991 H Df 201 14.0 21 70/103 20 7 SHLE Y 640 1199 1974 H Df 300 12.0 21 175 1 6 Y 641 1199 1989 H Df 406 30.0 60 235/360 94.00 1989 1 7 SHLE Y 642 1199 1992 H Pcc 143 16.0 21 117 18 7 SHLE 643 0692 1970 H Df 64 20.0 29 50 0.00 1970 10 0.20 6 Y 644 0692 1976 H Df 78 12.0 21 40/58 42.00 1976 7 0.25 6 645 1199 1988 U Dck 180 26.0 42 90/160 43.40 1993 10 7 SDSL 646 1199 1990 H Dck 224 38.0 150 189 128.00 1993 15 7 SDSL Y 647 1199 1990 H Dck 173 23.0 87 118 31.00 1990 8 7 648 1199 1973 H Dck 144 21 115/132 12 6 Y 649 1199 1992 H Dck 203 26.0 30 60/185 10 7 650 1199 1988 H Dck 105 9.0 33 49/88/100 30 7 SDSL 651 1199 1973 H Dck 75 23 30/65 5 6 652 1199 1986 H Dck 296 23.0 30 175 2 6 653 1199 1973 H Dck 64 4.0 21 24/44 8 6 Y 654 1199 1989 H Dck 350 11.0 21 160/210/280 175.00 1989 5 7 SHLE 655 1058 1967 H Df 70 10.0 20 30/55 0.00 1967 5 0.07 6 SHLE Y 656 1199 1973 H Df 103 21.0 21 83/89 30 6 657 1199 1985 H Df 164 8.0 21 43/91/112 4 6 SDSL 658 1199 1988 H Ds 228 44.0 52 90/150 4 7 SHLE Y 659 1927 1991 H Df 155 15.0 20 34/77 16.00 1991 2.5 6 SDSL Y 660 1199 1988 H Ds 400 27.0 30 60/190 0.5 6 SHLE 661 1199 1985 T Df 104 21 57/87 25 7 662 1199 1992 H Dck 400 16.0 40 100/200/320 5 7 SDSL 663 1199 1990 H Df 150 10.0 27 30/120 12.00 1990 20 7 665 1199 1988 U Df 210 14.0 21 60/90 6 6 666 1199 1987 H Ds 90 25.0 33 60/80 20 6 667 1199 1985 H Df 124 8.0 21 30/97 9 7 668 1199 1987 H Df 125 24.0 30 60/100 12 6 SDSL Y 669 1199 1988 I Ds 108 24.0 30 42/54 30 7 SHLE 670 1058 1990 H Ds 65 25.0 42 50/55 2.00 1990 20 0.34 6 SHLE 671 1058 1984 H Df 205 20.0 31 130/170/190 10.00 1984 8 0.04 672

203 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 673 395908 0784618 HANKINSON, C. NEW BALTIMORE NEW BALTIMORE BORO 1415 V 674 395915 0784620 HANKINSON, LARRY NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1445 S 676 395937 0784700 NEW BALTIMORE SPORTSMEN NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 1550 V 677 395528 0784825 BENNING, KEN NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2045 V 678 395059 0790028 WALKER, THOMAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2180 S 680 395015 0790247 PETENBRINK, C. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1945 V 681 395049 0790140 NEDROW, RED MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2140 H 682 395211 0790102 SAYLOR, JOHN MEYERSDALE BROTHERSVALLEY 2270 S 683 394637 0790222 LONG, HERBERT MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2030 S 684 394620 0790400 BOWERS, CHRIS MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2045 S 685 394620 0790401 BROWN, R. MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2040 S 686 394622 0790358 HOLLER, HELEN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2060 S 687 394644 0790616 SWARTZENTRUBER, CRIST MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2315 S 688 394632 0790622 SWARTZENTRUBER, KEN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2340 H 689 394658 0790610 BENNIE, EARL C. MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2405 H 690 395131 0790400 LOHR, JOHN MEYERSDALE GARRETT BORO 2000 V 691 394633 0790627 MAUST, MARK MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2350 H 692 394633 0790631 HERSHBERGER, ERVIN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2350 H 693 394542 0790724 COMPTON, JOHN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2100 V 694 394511 0790614 SAYLOR, L. MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2050 S 695 394716 0790159 BLUBAUGH, CARL MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2100 S 696 395103 0790532 ZOOK, ABNER MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2380 S 697 395058 0790531 ENGLE, HERBERT MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2380 S 698 395111 0790604 ROCKWELL INT. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2540 S 699 395011 0790558 BRENNENMAN, NORMAN MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2320 S 700 394922 0785808 ROUSH, M. WITTENBERG LARIMER 2820 H 701 394920 0785809 ROUSH, ROBERT WITTENBERG LARIMER 2845 H 702 394513 0785644 KINSINGER, ROY WITTENBERG GREENVILLE 2625 H 703 394957 0785713 DAY, W. WITTENBERG LARIMER 2605 S 704 395012 0785314 BAUGHMAN, MELVIN WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2140 S 705 394909 0785758 MCCLAREY, PAUL WITTENBERG LARIMER 2625 W 706 394908 0785757 MCCLAREY, KENNETH WITTENBERG LARIMER 2620 W 707 394906 0785755 BAUGHMAN, WALTER WITTENBERG LARIMER 2615 S 708 395105 0785251 KEEFER, ROBERT WITTENBERG NORTHAMPTON 2395 W 709 395057 0784957 HAY, CARL FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 2020 S 710 394956 0785219 RAUPACH, GUY FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 2120 S 711 395018 0785220 HOGG, ROBERT FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 2210 S 712 394920 0785127 ROHRS, FRANK FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1750 S 713 394915 0784957 KNOTTS, ALAN FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1555 V 714 394914 0785045 VILLENUVE, T. FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1610 V 715 394912 0785044 HARTMAN, J. FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1610 V 716 394919 0784958 OHLER, WILLIAM FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1625 S 717 394931 0784949 ALDRIDGE, EBBERT FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1580 V 718 394929 0784950 WILLIAMS, MOE FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1600 V 719 394927 0784951 HENDERSON, W. FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 1610 V 720 394559 0785158 SHIPLEY, T. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 2450 S 721 394508 0785100 LEPLEY, RONALD FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1840 S 722 394550 0785211 SHEETZ, D. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 2445 V 723 394540 0785133 PORTER, H. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 2265 S 724 395057 0784959 HAY JR, CARL FAIRHOPE NORTHAMPTON 2040 S 725 395135 0784849 SHROYER, ROGER FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1760 S

204 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1058 1983 H Df 125 10.0 21 95/100 20.00 1983 20 673 1058 1985 H Df 185 20.0 31 160/180 15.00 1985 10 0.06 6 SHLE Y 674 1058 1985 H Dck 165 20.0 21 100/150 20.00 1985 20 0.14 6 SHLE 676 1927 1992 H Df 275 36.0 40 60/108/225 2 6 SDSL Y 677 1199 1973 H Pcc 244 44.0 44 176/200 5 6 678 1199 1977 H Pcc 165 42 30 6 SHLE 680 1199 1977 H Pcc 244 21 144/192 4 6 681 1199 1974 H Pcc 65 6.0 21 49 9 6 Y 682 1199 1977 H Pcg 120 12.0 21 37/105 8 6 683 1090 1975 H Pcg 97 38.0 45 50/70/75 12 7 684 1612 1982 H Pcg 63 37.0 40 42/50 12 6 SNDS 685 1199 1983 H Pcg 130 37 40/110 10 6 SNDS Y 686 1199 1976 H Pcc 83 12.0 21 39 15 6 Y 687 1199 1990 H Pcc 510 6.0 63 144/170 102.00 1990 1 7 SHLE 688 1199 1976 H Pcc 165 29.0 38 69 6 6 689 1199 1977 H Pa 138 35 35/130 4 6 SDSL 690 0148 1966 H Pcc 150 8 691 0865 1967 H Pcc 210 15.0 41 150 41.00 1967 0.5 6 692 1199 1975 H Pcc 64 21 50 20 6 SNDS 693 1612 1984 H Pcc 84 16.0 23 32/57 9.00 1984 8 6 694 1199 1971 H Pcg 90 40.0 40 63 6 SHLE 695 1199 1987 H Pa 228 21 88/135/168 5 6 696 1199 1989 H Pa 148 10.0 21 67/104/137 78.00 1989 8 7 Y 697 1242 1987 N Pa 247 17.0 21 75/201 75.00 1987 20 6 SNDS 698 1199 1991 H Pcg 122 15.0 80 65/102 70 7 699 1199 1981 U Mmc 420 40 232 6 700 1612 1990 H Mmc 490 20.0 42 220/400 4 6 SHLE Y 701 1199 1981 H Df 184 4.0 42 100/164 12 7 SHLE Y 702 1199 1980 H Mb 224 56.0 70 120/212 20 7 SDSL Y 703 1199 1991 H Df 262 15.0 21 64 4 7 Y 704 1199 1975 H Mb 164 16.0 33 100/112 6 6 705 1199 1975 H Mb 172 8.0 34 64/124 10 6 SNDS 706 1199 1991 H Mb 220 40.0 45 90/205 12 7 SDSL 707 1199 1975 H Df 165 20.0 26 30 2 6 Y 708 1199 1973 H Df 204 21.0 21 100/110 2 6 SDSL Y 709 1199 1959 H Df 305 13.0 23 6 SHLE Y 710 1242 1975 H Df 497 21 52 52.00 1975 0.25 7 Y 711 1199 1977 H Df 64 4.0 22 50 40 6 SHLE 712 1199 1985 H Df 124 8.0 21 87 30 7 SDSL 713 1199 1981 H Df 65 12.0 26 34 40 SHLE 714 1199 1983 H Df 110 21 65 10 7 SDSL 715 1199 1991 H Df 402 15.0 30 75 2 6 SHLE 716 1199 1973 H Df 204 29.0 29 52/192 2.5 6 SDSL 717 1199 1977 H Df 124 21 112 10 6 SDSL 718 1199 1982 H Df 246 12.0 21 60/216/236 60 7 SDSL 719 1199 1985 H Mmc 149 21.0 63 121 10 7 SHLE Y 720 1199 1987 H Pcg 310 60.0 84 92/146 3 6 SHLE Y 721 1199 1984 H Mmc 164 21 44/150 20 7 SDSL Y 722 1199 1981 H Pa 210 11 183 20 7 723 1199 1991 H Df 320 24.0 33 86 3 7 SHLE 724 1199 1987 H Df 247 21 45 3 6 725

205 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 726 395213 0784904 WATKOSKI, W. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1720 S 727 395209 0784901 MILLER, B. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1745 V 728 395216 0784901 MAUGHAN, J. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1710 V 729 395214 0784901 MAUGHAN, G. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1705 V 730 395212 0784900 GRASEL, S. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1705 V 731 395210 0784841 EMERICK, C. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 2005 S 732 395025 0784732 BEAUMONT, JAMES FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1320 V 733 395024 0784730 STAMPER, T. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1320 V 734 395029 0784738 RIEGEL, VICKIE FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1340 V 735 395023 0784734 POORBAUGH, FRANK FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1360 V 736 395038 0784742 DENEEN, CLARENCE FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1380 V 737 395037 0784744 CUMMINS, EARL FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1370 V 738 395059 0784752 MARTIN, ROBERT FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1420 V 739 395055 0784753 SCHUH, C. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1415 V 740 395519 0785220 DEANER, RICHARD NEW BALTIMORE ALLEGHENY 2710 S 742 395020 0784728 LEYDIG, WALTER FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1340 V 743 395022 0784729 SHROYER, TRACY FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1340 V 744 395019 0784727 LARSON, A. FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1340 V 745 395014 0784729 EMMERICK, JOHN FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1405 S 746 395022 0784732 ROESCH, ROBERT FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1360 V 747 395059 0784751 HILLBILLY HAVEN FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1460 V 748 395100 0784751 HILLBILLY HAVEN FAIRHOPE FAIRHOPE 1455 V 749 394452 0785030 TROUTMAN, LEROY CUMBERLAND SOUTHAMPTON 1890 V 750 394502 0784832 KENNELL, ROY FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1390 S 751 394533 0784809 HUFFMAN, HARVEY FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1260 S 752 394631 0784837 CUMMINS, L. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1240 S 753 394643 0784844 HUFFMAN, H. FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1280 V 754 394618 0784809 BITTNER, HARRY FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1175 V 755 394614 0784807 DENEEN, LEROY FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1225 S 756 394620 0784813 MURRAY, ROGER FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1190 S 757 394618 0784708 BAUGHMAN, JAMES FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1075 V 758 394620 0784819 LOGSDON, JAMES FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1210 S 759 394816 0784718 LOGSDON, HENRY FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1720 S 760 394503 0784839 HUFFMAN, ROGER FAIRHOPE SOUTHAMPTON 1345 V 761 394920 0790226 SOMERSET CTY. FAIR ASSN. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1950 V 762 394917 0790227 SOMERSET CTY. FAIR ASSN. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1950 V 763 394918 0790218 SOMERSET CTY. FAIR ASSN. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1950 V 764 394919 0790222 SOMERSET CTY. FAIR ASSN. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1950 V 765 394916 0790223 SOMERSET CTY. FAIR ASSN. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1950 V 766 394820 0790150 MILLER, ELAM MEYERSDALE MEYERSDALE BORO 2010 V 767 394758 0790155 BOWER, OWEN MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2045 S 768 394743 0790223 SCHARDT'S ELECTRONICS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2010 S 769 394738 0790236 BOWMAN, W. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1960 V 770 394744 0790232 SCHARDT, DOUGLAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1990 V 771 394742 0790231 BEACHY, ROBERT MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1995 V 772 394637 0790013 MEYERSDALE BORO MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2560 V 773 394642 0790013 MEYERSDALE BORO MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2580 S 774 395010 0790455 ZOOK, JONAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2350 S 775 395014 0790458 ZOOK, JONAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2375 S 776 395012 0790501 ZOOK, JONAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2345 S 777 395010 0790457 ZOOK, JONAS MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2340 S

206 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1199 1981 H Df 64 21 26 15 7 SHLE Y 726 1199 1981 H Df 44 21 26 10 7 SHLE Y 727 1199 1981 H Df 64 21 36 10 7 SHLE Y 728 1199 1981 H Df 43 8.0 21 24 12 7 Y 729 1199 1981 H Df 63 21 27 20 7 SHLE 730 1199 1986 H Df 190 10.0 21 60/140 4 6 SHLE 731 1199 1988 H Dck 80 33.0 37 62/65/74 25 6 732 1199 1986 H Dck 104 28.0 42 54/66 7 7 733 1199 1981 H Dck 90 12.0 42 54/70 10 7 Y 734 1199 1974 H Dck 170 25.5 35 84/154 12 6 735 1199 1973 H Dck 245 16.0 27 61/140 3 6 SNDS Y 736 1199 1975 H Dck 205 8.0 21 140/179 6 6 SNDS Y 737 1199 1992 H Dck 163 21.0 21 80/130 6 6 SDSL Y 738 1199 1985 H Dck 90 21 35/90 10 7 SDSL 739 1199 1992 H Mb Y 740 1199 1989 H Dck 108 18.0 29 44/70/93 12.00 1989 12 7 SHLE Y 742 1199 1989 H Dck 88 16.0 21 40/68 12.00 1989 12 7 SHLE Y 743 1199 1985 H Dck 84 8.0 21 50/60 8 7 Y 744 1199 1987 H Dck 150 42.0 52 85/124 6 6 SHLE 745 1199 1988 H Dck 224 44.0 46 100/164/204/224 6 7 746 0944 1968 U Dck 104 64/90 7 747 0944 1968 U Dck 144 22.0 22 25/100/140 8 6 SNDS 748 1199 1985 H Pcc 250 10.0 21 150 1 7 SDSL 749 1199 1985 H Pcg 90 14.0 31 40 12 7 SHLE Y 750 1199 1986 H Pcg 49 30 33/48 41 6 751 1199 1986 H Pcg 70 26.0 35 42 40 7 Y 752 1199 1986 H Pcg 70 31 48 10 7 SHLE 753 1199 1991 H Pcg 62 20.0 30 36 50 7 SHLE 754 1199 1991 H Pcg 100 20.0 67 74/84 29.00 1991 10 7 755 1961 1991 H Pcg 82 35.0 42 55/72 10.00 1991 5 0.07 6 SHLE 756 1199 1986 H Pp 90 26.0 54 60 20 7 757 1199 1986 H Pcg 184 12.0 40 75/150 6 6 SHLE 758 1199 1988 H Pcg 391 105 210/251 5 6 759 1199 1991 H Pcg 50 21.0 24 30/36 14.00 1991 25 7 SHLE 760 1199 1984 P Pcc 105 8.0 37 40/52/90 30 7 SDSL Y 761 1199 1975 P Pcc 65 21 45 20 6 Y 762 1199 1972 P Pcc 41 12.0 21 37 50 6 763 1199 1987 P Pcc 70 11.0 21 36 40 6 764 1199 1977 P Pcc 120 21 45/80 12 6 765 1199 1967 H Pcc 124 90/115 8 SHLE Y 766 1199 1971 H Pcc 123 32 102 6 SHLE Y 767 1612 1989 C Pcc 104 9.0 42 51/80 36.00 1989 10 0.15 6 SHLE Y 768 1199 1983 H Pcc 125 8.0 21 105/120 30 6 Y 769 1612 1990 H Pcc 104 12.0 42 55/70/80 12 6 SHLE 770 1199 1972 H Pcc 65 24.0 30 57 12 6 SNDS 771 1199 1991 P Mb 602 52.0 62 87/147/290/382 75 7 772 1199 1991 P Mb 302 50.0 60 107/155 65 7 773 1199 1991 H Pcg 281 21.0 30 90/252 8 7 SHLE Y 774 1199 1986 H Pcg 144 26.5 40 53/80/120 7 6 SHLE 775 1199 1986 U Pcg 119 12.0 40 0.25 776 1199 1991 U Pcg 364 13.0 24 68/122/200/280 4 7 SDSL 777

207 Table 22. (Continued)

LAT-LONG WELL OWNER QUADRANGLE TOWNSHIP or BORO WELL ID ELEV TOPO 778 394930 0790218 MEYERSDALE SEWAGE MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1930 V 779 394928 0790218 MEYERSDALE SEWAGE MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 1930 V 780 395035 0790150 GNAGEY, WILLIAM MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2240 H 781 395035 0790108 WALKER, MICHAEL MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2160 S 782 395043 0790103 WALKER, MICHAEL MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2225 S 783 394529 0790446 MILLER, JOHN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2090 S 784 394542 0790422 SAYLOR, LORAN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2005 V 785 394529 0790450 SOMMERS, REUBEN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2090 S 786 394322 0790516 OESTER, W. AVILTON ELK LICK 2400 H 787 394323 0790516 OESTER, LINDA AVILTON ELK LICK 2405 H 788 394409 0790511 MERRILL, CARLTON AVILTON ELK LICK 2290 S 789 394453 0790522 YODER, CLARK AVILTON ELK LICK 2045 S 790 394451 0790440 BROADWATER, FORREST AVILTON ELK LICK 2310 S 791 394452 0790435 DURST, CRAIG AVILTON ELK LICK 2320 S 792 394457 0790435 WILSON, RUSSELL AVILTON ELK LICK 2310 S 793 394502 0790424 BIELER, CHARLES MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2300 H 794 394430 0790420 OPEL, LEE AVILTON ELK LICK 2445 H 795 394502 0790432 SHUMAKER, J. MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2290 H 796 394453 0790335 RUGG, ALVIN AVILTON ELK LICK 2090 V 797 394443 0790437 STEIN, BEATRICE AVILTON ELK LICK 2355 S 798 394440 0790436 SHOWALTER, MICHAEL AVILTON ELK LICK 2370 S 799 394432 0790423 HILLEGAS, JACK AVILTON ELK LICK 2425 S 800 394453 0790430 BOWMAN, HOWARD AVILTON ELK LICK 2335 S 801 395032 0790531 WENGERD, A. MEYERSDALE SUMMIT 2280 V 802 394724 0790718 BENDER, LOREN MEYERSDALE ELK LICK 2420 S 803 394829 0791213 CARNEY, T. MARKLETON ADDISON 2805 H 804 394851 0791222 PORTER, M. MARKLETON ADDISON 2690 S 805 394856 0791218 MATTER, D. MARKLETON ADDISON 2680 S 806 394852 0791225 MACFARLANE, J. MARKLETON ADDISON 2675 S 807 394852 0791219 KESSLER, H. MARKLETON ADDISON 2690 S 808 394854 0791215 MELOTT, GEORGE MARKLETON ADDISON 2690 S 809 395148 0791302 PLETCHER, WILLIAM MARKLETON BLACK 2120 S 810 395314 0791047 WALTER, BLAINE ROCKWOOD BLACK 2125 V 811 395245 0791118 KLINK, PEARL ROCKWOOD BLACK 2120 S 812 395402 0791054 KAUFMAN, J. ROCKWOOD BLACK 2090 H 813 395406 0791056 CHARNEY, R. ROCKWOOD BLACK 2095 H 814 395536 0790833 TINKEY, HAROLD ROCKWOOD BLACK 1865 V 815 395611 0790840 LANE, JOANNE ROCKWOOD MILFORD 1850 V 816 395548 0790842 LATSHAW, JEFF ROCKWOOD BLACK 1945 S 817 395642 0791027 SIPE, T. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2040 S 818 395622 0791128 BRUGH, H. L. ROCKWOOD MILFORD 2120 H 819 400436 0785217 ZAHRADIK, ANDREW CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2500 S 820 400440 0785218 BROWNING, RODNEY CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2510 S 821 400445 0785221 PONGRAC, GREGORY CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2520 S 822 400446 0785216 DEFIBAUGH, EUGENE CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2525 S 823 400448 0785215 DEFIBAUGH, EUGENE CENTRAL CITY SHADE 2530 S 824 395403 0785403 ROCKWOOD BORO ROCKWOOD BLACK 1860 V 825 395334 0780734 ROCKWOOD BORO ROCKWOOD BLACK 1870 V 826 395345 0780722 ROCKWOOD BORO MURDOCK SUMMIT 1875 V 827 395357 0780745 ROCKWOOD BORO ROCKWOOD BLACK 1865 V 828 400123 0781554 LAUREL HILL STATE PARK SEVEN SPRINGS JEFFERSON 2300 S

208 Table 22. (Continued)

DEPTH TO OPENINGS DATE (FT) MEAS DRILLER LIC. CONST. DATE WATER USE AQUIFER DEPTH (FT) DEPTH TO BEDROCK (FT) CASING DEPTH (FEET) WATER LEVEL YIELD (GAL/MIN) SPECIFIC CAPACITY (gal/min/ft) DIAM(INCHES) LITHOL SMPLED WELL ID 1199 1990 P Pcc 149 41 49/86/119 62 6 Y 778 1199 1989 P Pcc 66 26.0 28 34/40/63 12.00 1989 40 7 SDSL 779 1199 1993 H Pcc Y 780 1199 1989 H Pcc 390 13.0 41 135/250/314 82.00 1989 4 7 SHLE Y 781 1199 1989 U Pcc 490 15.0 82 122/203/300 75.00 1989 2 7 SHLE 782 1612 1992 H Pcc 185 38.0 42 100/185 82.00 1992 5 6 Y 783 1612 1990 H Pcc 105 28.0 42 78/105 20 6 784 1612 1990 H Pcc 104 36.0 42 75/94 24 6 785 1612 1982 H Pcg 95 46.0 46 60/80 25 6 Y 786 1993 H Pcg Y 787 1199 1987 H Pcc 224 10.0 20 120/210 6 6 Y 788 1199 1977 H Pcc 140 21 33/136 60 6 789 1612 1989 H Pcc 185 8.0 42 90 65.00 1989 3 0.03 6 SHLE 790 1612 1989 H Pcc 165 11.0 40 120 60.00 1989 12 0.11 6 SHLE 791 1612 1990 H Pcc 145 8.0 42 117 63.00 1990 8 0.10 6 792 1612 1990 H Pcc 124 2.0 42 55/110 68.00 1990 8 0.14 6 SHLE 793 1199 1974 H Pcc 115 20.0 31 65/100 30 6 SHLE 794 1612 1986 H Pcc 175 10.0 21 80/154 38.00 1986 4 0.03 6 795 1199 1988 H Pcc 90 26.0 28 65/83 40 7 796 1199 1972 H Pcc 95 40.0 40 81 5 6 SNDS 797 1199 1972 H Pcc 134 21.0 21 64/124 12 6 SDSL 798 1199 1976 H Pcc 124 21 44/108 12 6 SHLE 799 1199 1975 H Pcc 145 8.0 44 95/130 10 6 800 1199 1986 H Pcg 171 108 147/160 10 6 Y 801 1199 1991 H Pcg 303 13.0 21 88/285 20 7 Y 802 1612 1986 H Pp 145 9.0 21 90/120 26.00 1986 30 0.25 6 803 1612 1984 H Pp 103 14.0 21 44/92 65.00 1984 8 6 SNDS 804 1612 1984 H Pp 117 18.0 21 65/105 45.00 1984 16 6 805 1612 1984 H Pp 63 13.0 21 52 24.00 1984 6 6 806 1612 1984 H Pp 83 13.0 21 72 12.00 1984 8 6 SNDS 807 1612 1989 H Pp 84 17.0 21 40/70 35.00 1989 30 0.61 6 808 1199 1988 H Pa 229 8.0 70 189 7 6 809 1199 1991 H Pa 149 24.0 40 67/86/98 10 6 Y 810 1199 1988 H Pa 97 25.0 40 86/93 80 6 SNDS 811 1199 1986 H Pa 510 5.0 26 100 3 6 SDSL 812 1199 1986 H Pa 264 12.0 64 80/100 6 7 813 1199 1992 H Pa 62 18.0 31 42 12 6 SHLE 814 1199 1974 H Pa 57 25.0 36 44/51 50 6 Y 815 1199 1991 H Pa 80 19.0 25 66 15.00 1991 60 7 816 0944 1981 H Pa 88 12.0 25 40/70 40.00 1981 10 0.33 6 SNDS 817 0944 1968 H Pa 124 18.0 19 60/120 12 6 SDSL 818 1975 H Pcg 75 5.74 1995 819 0209 1986 H Pcg 65 19.21 1995 820 0209 1988 H Pcg 68 39.77 1995 821 1242 1978 H Pcg 122 21 118 18.41 1995 6 822 1927 1995 H Pcg 150 20 25/75/150 16.10 1995 3 6 823 1242 1995 U Mmc 447 30.0 55 205 35.00 1995 10 6.0 824 1242 1995 P Mmc 397 45.0 59 160/259 18.50 1995 90 6.0 825 1242 1996 P Mmc 347 4.0 63 79/116/119 30.00 1996 35 6.0 826 1242 1995 P Mmc 422 40.0 102 135/225/270/312/320 18.30 1995 190 8.0 827 0198 1995 P Mmc 300 7.0 63 145/246/273 68.00 1995 75 8 828

209 Table 23. Date, time and duration of precipitation events in the Blue Hole Creek Basin

LBH: Lower Blue Hole precipitation gauge.

UBH: Upper Blue Hole precipitation gauge.

Time column uses 24- hour clock.

Precipitation is in inches.

210 Table 23. Date, time and duration of precipitation events in the Blue Hole Creek basin. LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 8/11/93 2030 0.48 1 8/17/93 330 0.11 2 8/17/93 1830 0.73 1 8/25/93 300 0.06 1 8/28/93 1100 0.42 1 8/31/93 1830 0.23 1 Total for month 2.03 7 9/2/93 1530 0.06 4 9/3/93 600 1.36 8 9/3/93 2300 0.98 19 9/9/93 130 0.23 10 9/9/93 1030 0.04 1 9/15/93 1100 0.15 8 9/18/93 1030 0.08 1 9/21/93 300 0.02 1 9/21/93 1430 0.12 6 9/22/93 200 0.05 7 9/24/93 1430 0.09 10 9/25/93 2200 1.29 6 9/27/93 1200 0.96 11 9/28/93 430 0.10 4 9/29/93 1600 0.02 - 9/30/93 1500 0.12 - Total for month 5.67 96 10/3/93 200 0.47 - 10/12/93 330 0.01 - 10/12/93 1530 0.09 - 10/12/93 1900 0.03 - 10/13/93 500 0.09 - 10/15/93 500 0.38 - 10/15/93 1400 0.03 - 10/17/93 900 0.01 - 10/17/93 1200 0.23 - 10/18/93 300 0.16 - 10/20/93 1130 0.05 - 10/21/93 200 0.66 - 10/21/93 2130 0.01 - 10/22/93 1700 0.01 - 10/23/93 930 0.01 - 10/23/93 1800 0.20 - Total for month 2.44 0 4/29/94 330 0.04 1 4/29/94 1330 0.22 1 4/30/94 1530 1.10 15 Total for month 1.36 17 5/3/94 1630 0.21 13 5/4/94 500 0.10 13 5/6/94 230 0.29 4

211 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 5/7/94 1300 0.65 9 5/8/94 430 0.13 6 5/12/94 330 0.64 6 5/15/94 2030 0.15 6 5/16/94 1900 0.22 23 5/18/94 1800 0.01 - 5/24/94 1630 0.09 1 5/24/94 1830 0.01 - 5/25/94 30 0.01 - 5/25/94 1000 0.19 3 5/26/94 500 0.11 1 5/26/94 1000 0.15 1 Total for month 2.96 86 6/2/94 130 0.02 - 6/6/94 900 0.05 - 6/10/94 600 0.02 - 6/16/94 930 0.45 7 6/17/94 1630 0.19 1 6/19/94 1530 0.01 - 6/20/94 1930 0.48 3 6/21/94 1000 0.58 4 6/24/94 1600 0.10 1 6/25/94 830 0.01 - 6/26/94 1400 0.16 1 6/27/94 330 0.74 12 6/28/94 1300 0.05 - 6/29/94 100 0.03 2 6/29/94 800 0.01 - 6/29/94 930 0.04 - 6/29/94 1730 0.50 - Total for month 3.44 31 7/6/94 1730 0.19 - 7/7/94 1430 0.01 - 7/9/94 1000 0.13 1 7/13/94 1930 0.03 - 7/19/94 1330 1.51 6 7/20/94 1430 0.70 3 1430 0.69 4 7/22/94 1430 0.32 2 7/25/94 1030 0.05 1 7/26/94 1430 0.11 - 7/27/94 1030 0.44 26 1030 0.64 18 7/29/94 2000 0.05 2 2000 0.04 2 Total for month 3.17 38 1.74 27 8/2/94 1500 0.62 2 1500 0.27 1 8/4/94 400 0.06 2 8/5/94 2000 0.40 4 2000 1.16 21 8/6/94 330 0.28 14 8/9/94 600 0.07 -

212 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 8/13/94 300 0.01 - 8/13/94 700 0.40 1 8/13/94 1000 0.24 1 700 1.17 9 8/16/94 1730 0.01 - 2000 0.01 - 8/17/94 200 1.88 17 200 2.59 24 8/20/94 1230 0.03 - 1230 0.04 - 8/20/94 1630 0.35 - 1630 0.36 - 8/21/94 0 0.31 10 0 0.44 4 8/21/95 1500 1.02 12 1400 1.70 12 8/25/94 1500 0.12 - 1500 0.29 - 8/27/94 0 0.36 4 0 0.32 3 8/28/94 1900 0.16 7 1800 0.14 9 8/31/94 530 0.31 10 400 0.13 8 Total for month 6.57 84 8.62 91 9/1/94 1700 0.01 - 9/3/94 1200 0.12 11 1200 0.10 8 9/6/94 1530 0.01 - 9/7/94 200 0.01 - 9/9/94 1500 0.01 - 1500 0.06 - 9/14/94 1530 0.14 1 1530 0.09 1 9/14/94 2200 0.35 3 9/15/94 700 0.20 3 700 0.11 - 9/15/94 2130 0.30 - 9/17/94 200 0.01 - 9/17/94 800 0.41 4 800 0.75 4 9/18/94 500 0.01 - 200 0.01 - 9/22/94 1500 0.01 - 9/23/94 230 0.01 - 430 0.01 - 9/26/94 300 0.19 4 300 0.30 12 9/26/94 1300 0.08 1 9/27/94 100 0.01 - 9/27/94 1630 0.01 - 9/28/94 900 0.09 2 900 0.11 2 9/28/94 2100 0.01 - 9/29/94 800 0.01 - Total for month 1.61 26 1.93 30 10/1/94 1630 0.38 2 1630 0.43 9 10/1/94 2200 0.07 4 10/2/94 1230 0.01 - 10/5/94 400 0.01 - 10/9/94 930 0.06 5 930 0.08 1 10/10/94 500 0.01 - 10/19/94 900 0.03 1 900 0.03 - 10/19/94 1530 0.01 - 10/20/94 0 0.19 6 0 0.30 3 10/22/94 1400 0.04 1 1400 0.08 1 10/23/94 300 0.01 - 430 0.01 - 10/24/94 2200 0.09 6 2200 0.07 6 Total for month 0.87 25 1.04 20

213 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 11/1/94 500 0.60 12 730 0.78 3 1900 0.62 12 11/1/94 1400 0.13 9 11/2/94 700 0.91 10 11/6/94 1200 0.04 2 1200 0.03 3 11/9/94 1630 0.37 10 1630 0.60 12 11/15/94 300 0.09 3 400 0.14 4 11/15/94 1330 0.01 - 1500 0.01 - 11/16/94 0 0.40 17 0 0.01 - 11/16/94 500 0.47 10 11/18/94 830 0.01 - 11/21/94 700 0.22 1 800 0.28 2 11/24/94 1200 0.05 1 1200 0.04 1 11/27/94 1530 0.35 21 1530 0.92 21 Total for month 2.78 79 4.33 75 12/4/94 1900 1.39 11 1900 1.55 11 12/5/94 1800 0.04 1 2130 0.01 - 12/6/94 200 0.01 - 12/6/94 1800 0.01 - 12/7/94 900 0.05 1 900 0.08 2 12/7/94 1600 0.12 3 1600 0.18 3 Total for month 1.60 16 1.84 16 3/20/95 1230 0.33 5 1800 0.37 3 3/21/95 2230 0.05 1 2230 0.03 2 3/26/95 400 0.15 3 3/27/95 2230 0.09 2 3/28/95 730 0.04 10 730 0.04 2 3/29/95 1130 0.05 6 1000 0.06 9 3/30/95 1130 0.01 - 1130 0.05 3 3/30/95 1330 0.06 5 3/31/95 1300 0.14 4 1300 0.04 2 Total for month 0.77 33 0.74 24 4/1/95 500 0.21 5 4/1/95 2030 0.01 - 4/2/95 1000 0.06 2 700 0.19 1 4/4/94 200 0.35 4 4/4/95 200 0.27 6 1100 0.01 - 4/6/95 2200 0.09 1 2200 0.07 1 4/8/95 1700 0.64 9 1700 0.72 7 4/9/95 1700 0.43 2 1700 0.57 4 4/10/95 800 0.24 7 800 0.12 6 4/12/95 700 0.19 6 4/13/95 1400 0.07 2 4/14/95 800 0.08 2 4/15/95 0 0.01 - 4/17/95 1000 0.05 1 4/18/95 730 0.07 1 4/19/95 200 0.02 -

214 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 4/20/95 1400 0.07 1 4/21/95 430 0.06 7 4/22/95 630 0.15 4 4/23/95 2100 0.50 21 4/25/95 630 0.01 - 4/25/95 1500 0.04 2 4/27/95 2000 0.17 3 4/30/95 500 0.28 8 4/30/95 1700 0.03 17 Total for month 3.53 102 2.24 28 5/2/95 100 0.46 18 5/4/95 900 0.06 7 5/4/95 1830 0.02 2 5/5/95 830 0.01 - 830 0.06 2 5/9/95 1000 0.02 1 1100 0.05 4 5/10/95 1300 0.26 2 1300 0.40 6 5/11/95 500 0.01 - 5/11/95 1300 0.04 1 5/14/95 30 0.46 3 30 0.77 3 5/17/95 200 0.15 4 200 0.35 5 5/17/95 1100 0.15 2 5/17/95 1900 0.01 - 5/18/95 100 0.25 4 100 0.61 17 5/18/95 730 0.01 - 5/18/95 1630 0.01 - 5/18/95 2130 0.06 1 2130 0.02 - 5/19/95 230 0.14 2 5/24/95 1230 0.46 9 1230 0.94 9 5/25/95 0 0.03 - 5/25/95 1600 0.01 - 1600 0.08 - 5/26/95 200 0.16 1 5/26/95 700 0.01 - 5/26/95 1500 0.01 - 5/27/95 1900 0.01 - 5/27/95 2300 0.37 6 2300 0.31 5 5/28/95 1900 0.10 1 - 5/28/95 800 0.29 1 5/29/95 130 0.01 - 5/29/95 2030 0.03 2 - 5/30/95 130 0.03 - 5/30/95 2030 0.03 2 2030 0.04 3 Total for month 2.89 57 4.38 66 6/1/95 1000 0.03 1 1000 0.05 1 6/2/95 800 0.19 2 800 0.29 2 6/3/95 600 0.13 10 600 0.21 10 6/4/95 100 0.01 - 6/7/95 1730 0.31 2 1700 0.04 - 6/8/95 1 300 0.39 2

215 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 6/10/95 830 0.11 1 6/10/95 2330 0.21 1 6/11/95 430 0.14 1 6/11/95 1030 0.11 3 1030 0.28 1 6/11/95 1730 0.29 4 6/11/95 2130 0.69 15 6/14/95 700 0.02 - 700 0.02 1 6/14/95 1830 0.19 1 1830 0.11 - 6/23/95 1130 0.26 7 1130 0.42 3 6/23/95 2330 0.01 - 6/25/95 1600 0.25 7 1600 0.72 3 6/26/95 2000 0.11 1 2000 0.14 2 6/27/95 1530 0.03 - 1400 0.07 10 6/27/95 2030 0.01 - 6/28/95 1000 0.02 - 6/29/95 900 0.06 3 900 0.06 - 6/29/95 1500 0.01 - 6/30/95 100 0.01 - 500 0.01 - 6/30/95 1330 0.12 - 1030 0.19 1 6/30/95 1600 0.06 1 1500 0.42 1 6/30/95 1900 0.01 - Total for month 2.44 45 4.63 53 7/1/95 0 0.03 - 100 0.06 4 7/1/95 600 0.99 2 600 1.25 3 7/2/95 600 0.01 - 7/6/95 730 0.15 - 730 0.04 - 7/10/95 1430 0.09 - 1430 0.64 4 7/10/95 1800 0.13 - 7/15/95 2000 0.53 2 2000 1.18 3 7/17/95 300 0.39 2 300 0.14 1 7/17/95 830 0.12 6 830 0.75 4 7/21/95 1800 0.03 3 1800 0.01 1 7/23/95 130 0.02 2 300 0.14 1 7/25/95 2300 0.04 - 7/26/95 730 0.01 - 730 0.03 1 7/28/95 300 0.02 - 300 0.02 - Total for month 2.50 17 4.30 22 8/2/95 1700 0.12 - 1700 0.18 2 8/4/95 1430 0.13 2 1430 0.21 2 8/5/95 700 0.31 2 700 0.62 2 8/5/95 2100 0.43 9 2000 0.68 12 8/10/95 130 0.12 1 8/10/95 600 0.01 - 8/10/95 1230 0.14 2 1030 0.52 1 8/11/95 600 0.01 - 8/11/95 1200 0.97 2 1200 0.40 1 8/12/95 2000 0.08 1 2000 0.09 - 8/21/95 1700 0.01 - 1330 0.38 1

216 Table 23. (Continued) LBH DURATION UBH DURATION DATE LBH TIME PRECIP IN HOURS UBH TIME PRECIP. IN HOURS 8/21/95 1900 0.01 - Total for month 2.33 19 3.09 21 9/12/95 930 0.11 - 930 0.14 9/12/95 2330 0.01 - 2330 0.02 9/13/95 1100 0.01 - 9/16/95 800 0.50 14 800 0.67 14 9/22/95 30 0.46 8 30 0.61 8 9/22/95 1100 0.01 - Total for month 1.08 22 1.46 22

217