PFIZER INC. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
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Genetic Screens in Isogenic Mammalian Cell Lines Without Single Cell Cloning
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14620-6 OPEN Genetic screens in isogenic mammalian cell lines without single cell cloning Peter C. DeWeirdt1,2, Annabel K. Sangree1,2, Ruth E. Hanna1,2, Kendall R. Sanson1,2, Mudra Hegde 1, Christine Strand 1, Nicole S. Persky1 & John G. Doench 1* Isogenic pairs of cell lines, which differ by a single genetic modification, are powerful tools for understanding gene function. Generating such pairs of mammalian cells, however, is labor- 1234567890():,; intensive, time-consuming, and, in some cell types, essentially impossible. Here, we present an approach to create isogenic pairs of cells that avoids single cell cloning, and screen these pairs with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 libraries to generate genetic interaction maps. We query the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2L1 and MCL1, and the DNA damage repair gene PARP1, identifying both expected and uncharacterized buffering and synthetic lethal interactions. Additionally, we compare acute CRISPR-based knockout, single cell clones, and small- molecule inhibition. We observe that, while the approaches provide largely overlapping information, differences emerge, highlighting an important consideration when employing genetic screens to identify and characterize potential drug targets. We anticipate that this methodology will be broadly useful to comprehensively study gene function across many contexts. 1 Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. 2These authors contributed equally: Peter C. DeWeirdt, -
The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage
cells Review The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors Maciej Sobczak 1, Marharyta Zyma 2 and Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz 1,* 1 Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm177, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-42-6354449; Fax: +48-42-6354449 or +48-42-635-4473 Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 6 September 2020 Abstract: Modulation of PARP1 expression, changes in its enzymatic activity, post-translational modifications, and inflammasome-dependent cleavage play an important role in the development of monocytes and numerous subtypes of highly specialized macrophages. Transcription of PARP1 is governed by the proliferation status of cells at each step of their development. Higher abundance of PARP1 in embryonic stem cells and in hematopoietic precursors supports their self-renewal and pluri-/multipotency, whereas a low level of the enzyme in monocytes determines the pattern of surface receptors and signal transducers that are functionally linked to the NFκB pathway. In macrophages, the involvement of PARP1 in regulation of transcription, signaling, inflammasome activity, metabolism, and redox balance supports macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1), which drives host defense against pathogens. On the other hand, it seems to limit the development of a variety of subsets of anti-inflammatory myeloid effectors (M2), which help to remove tissue debris and achieve healing. -
PARP Inhibitors Sensitize Ewing Sarcoma Cells to Temozolomide
Published OnlineFirst October 5, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0587 Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Molecular Cancer Therapeutics PARP Inhibitors Sensitize Ewing Sarcoma Cells to Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Pathway Florian Engert1, Cornelius Schneider1, Lilly Magdalena Weib1,2,3, Marie Probst1,and Simone Fulda1,2,3 Abstract Ewing sarcoma has recently been reported to be sensitive to that subsequent to DNA damage-imposed checkpoint activa- poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Searching for tion and G2 cell-cycle arrest, olaparib/TMZ cotreatment causes synergistic drug combinations, we tested several PARP inhibi- downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1, followed by tors (talazoparib, niraparib, olaparib, veliparib) together with activation of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BAK, mitochon- chemotherapeutics. Here, we report that PARP inhibitors syner- drial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), activation of gize with temozolomide (TMZ) or SN-38 to induce apoptosis caspases, and caspase-dependent cell death. Overexpression of a and also somewhat enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin, nondegradable MCL-1 mutant or BCL-2, knockdown of NOXA or etoposide, or ifosfamide, whereas actinomycin D and vincris- BAX and BAK, or the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val- tine show little synergism. Furthermore, triple therapy of ola- Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) all significantly reduce parib, TMZ, and SN-38 is significantly more effective compared olaparib/TMZ-mediated apoptosis. These findings emphasize with double or monotherapy. Mechanistic studies revealed that the role of PARP inhibitors for chemosensitization of Ewing the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis plays a critical role in sarcoma with important implications for further (pre)clinical mediating the synergy of PARP inhibition and TMZ. -
R&D Briefing 76
The Impact of Recent Regulatory Developments on the Mexican Therapeutic Landscape Access to innovative medicines is key to El acceso a medicamentos innovadores es clave para improving overall population health, reducing mejorar la salud de toda la población, para reducir los hospitalisation time and decreasing morbidity and tiempos de hospitalización, la morbilidad y la mortalidad mortality. An efficient regulatory process can be de un país. Un proceso regulatorio eficiente tiene un reflected in measurable positive health impacts; impacto positivo medible en la salud, y por el contrario, conversely, activities that slow or impede acciones que retrasan o impiden la eficiencia regulatoria y regulatory efficiency and predictability can be su predictibilidad pueden ser perjudiciales. La parálisis detrimental. Recent developments in the Mexican reciente del Sistema regulatorio mexicano respecto a la regulatory system for the assessments of evaluación de nuevos medicamentos innovadores innovative new products have had a negative conlleva un impacto negativo en la salud de la población impact on Mexican public health. mexicana. This Briefing addresses the impact of suspending Este informe analiza el impacto de la suspensión de las the activities of the New Molecules Committee actividades del Comité de Moléculas Nuevas (NMC, por (NMC) on the Mexican therapeutic landscape. sus siglas en inglés) sobre el horizonte terapéutico de First, we compared the way that “new medicines” México. En primer lugar, comparamos la definición de are defined within the context of the Mexican nuevos medicamentos según el contexto regulatorio regulatory system, with definitions used by mexicano con las definiciones adoptadas por otras comparable regulators and health organisations. agencias reguladoras u organizaciones de salud del We have also investigated the extent to which mundo. -
Changes to the Highmark Drug Formularies
AUGUST 2020 JULY/AUGUST 2020 UPDATE CHANGES TO THE HIGHMARK DRUG FORMULARIES Following is the update to the Highmark Drug Formularies and pharmaceutical management procedures for July/August 2020. The formularies and pharmaceutical management procedures are updated on a bimonthly basis, and the following changes reflect the decisions made in June 2020 by our Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. These updates are effective on the dates noted throughout this document. Please reference the guide below to navigate this communication: Section I. Highmark Commercial and Healthcare Reform Formularies A. Changes to the Highmark Comprehensive Formulary and the Highmark Comprehensive Healthcare Reform Formulary B. Changes to the Highmark Progressive Formulary and the Highmark Progressive Healthcare Reform Formulary C. Changes to the Highmark Healthcare Reform Essential Formulary D. Changes to the Highmark Core Formulary E. Changes to the Highmark National Select Formulary F. Updates to the Pharmacy Utilization Management Programs 1. Prior Authorization Program 2. Managed Prescription Drug Coverage (MRxC) Program 3. Formulary Program 4. Quantity Level Limit (QLL) Programs Section II. Highmark Medicare Part D Formularies A. Changes to the Highmark Medicare Part D 5-Tier Incentive Formulary B. Changes to the Highmark Medicare Part D 5-Tier Closed Formulary C. Additions to the Specialty Tier D. Updates to the Pharmacy Utilization Management Programs 1. Prior Authorization Program 2. Managed Prescription Drug Coverage (MRxC) Program 3. Quantity Level Limit (QLL) Program As an added convenience, you can also search our drug formularies and view utilization management policies on the Provider Resource Center (accessible via NaviNet® or our website). Click the Pharmacy Program/Formularies link from the menu on the left. -
Pfizer's Bourla
No. 3985 December 13, 2019 line success and business development. “In the next two years, we need to see how the pipeline is delivering,” he said. Bourla has been outspoken that when it comes to business development, he doesn’t see a mega-merger on the hori- zon. Instead, he said he is looking to bring in mid-stage clinical development assets to complement the internal pipeline. It sounds like investors can expect the company to be active on the business development front within those guard- rails. “I want to double it,” he said of the pipeline, which includes 92 projects right now. “And, we are going to double it by bringing in a lot of innovation to comple- ment what we distribute.” The company is focusing business de- velopment on six core therapeutic areas Pfizer’s Bourla: “I Think We Forgot as well, but Bourla indicated the company will be actively building out those areas both through internal investment and What It Looks Like To Grow” external collaboration. “We’re going to be JESSICA MERRILL [email protected] active because Pfizer is a very big plane and it cannot fly with one engine,” he said. fizer Inc. CEO Albert Bourla took in July it will merge the Upjohn business Bourla highlighted Pfizer’s recent acqui- over the top leadership spot from with Mylan NV to form a new generic drug sition of the cancer specialist Array Bio- PIan Read a year ago, but has quickly company to be called Viatris GMBH. Pharma for $11.4bn as an example of the executed on big changes poised to make The resulting Pfizer will be significantly kinds of deals the company will be pursu- Pfizer significantly smaller and faster smaller, with a 2020 annual revenue base ing. -
Q1 Pharma Sector Snapshot
SPECIALTY & GENERIC PHARMA Q1 2021 Report Market Commentary – Debt Capital Markets Debt Markets ▪ 2020 saw increased amounts of debt used in buyouts across the board, resulting in the highest debt / EBITDA Median US Buyout Multiples levels since 2014 − The increased use of debt was driven by 2H20 back- end loaded lending activity (primarily 4Q20) as 16.0x 12.7x 14.1x 12.2x 12.0x 11.6x 11.5x certainty around the U.S. election and vaccination 11.1x 10.0x 9.8x 12.0x 9.7x expectations increased 9.4x 8.6x 8.3x 8.2x 7.5x 7.8x 5.2x 6.7x 5.7x 5.6x ▪ 8.0x 5.9x As the effects of COVID now begin to diminish, debt 5.4x 4.4x 4.1x 3.7x 4.6x 4.3x 3.8x markets have seemingly recovered, signaling that 3.6x lenders have become increasingly comfortable with 4.0x 4.3x 6.9x 6.5x 6.3x 6.0x 5.9x 5.7x 5.7x 5.7x 5.7x 5.6x 5.3x 4.5x 4.4x macroeconomic and company-specific fundamentals 4.3x 0.0x 3.2x − With increased confidence, lenders are currently looking to provide strong leverage for high-quality assets, particularly ones that have proven their Debt/EBITDA Equity/EBITDA EV/EBITDA stability through the recent market downturn Source: PitchBook ▪ The spread on U.S. high-yield debt has returned to pre- Historical US High Yield Debt Effective Yield COVID levels − 4.22% current effective yield compared with a 12.0% 11.4% 11.38% effective yield on March 23, 2020 (peak of the pandemic) 9.0% ▪ We expect increased activity by lenders in 2021 due to: 6.0% 4.2% − Pent-up demand in M&A activity driven by the impact of COVID 3.0% − Limited Partner agreements and investor -
Health Industry Business Communications Council
Health Industry Business Communications Council Registered Labelers: Accredited Auto-ID Labeling Standards Argentina New MedTek Devices Pty Ltd Oxavita SRL Norseld Pty Ltd. Novadien Healthcare Pty Ltd The following companies Odontit S.A. (and/or their subsidiaries/ PAMPAMED S.R.L. Numedico Technologies Pty Ltd divisions) have applied PATEJIM SRL Opto Global Pty. Ltd. for a Labeler Identification Orthocell Limited Code (LIC) assignment with Austria Prolotus Technologies Pty Ltd HIBCC*. By doing so, they afreeze GmbH Red Milawa Pty Ltd dba Magic Mobility have demonstrated their AMI GmbH SDI Limited commitment to patient safety Bender Medsystems GmbH Signostics Ltd. and logistical efficiency for BHS Technologies GmbH Sirtex Medical Pty Ltd their customers, the industry Metasys Medizintechnik GmbH Smith & Nephew Surgical Pty. Ltd. and the public at large. PAA Laboratories GmbH Staminalift International Limited Safersonic Medizinprodukte Handels The Pipette Company Pty. Ltd. Any organization that is GmbH Thermo Electron Corporation interested in using the HIBC W & H Dentalwerk Burmoos GmbH Vush Pty Ltd uniform labeling system may apply for the assignment of VUSH STIMULATION Australia one or more LICs. William A Cook Australia Pty. Ltd. Adv. Surgical Design & Manufacture, Ltd. Last updated 9-21-2021 AirPhysio Pty Ltd Belgium Annalise-AI Pty Ltd 3M Europe Apollo Medical Imaging Technology Pty Advanced Medical Diagnostics SA/NV Ltd Analis SA/NV Benra Pty Ltd dba Gelflex Laboratories Baxter World Trade Bioclone Australia Pty. Ltd. Bio-Rad RSL Candelis, Inc. Bio-Rad Lab Inc Clinical Diag. Group DePuy Australia Pty. Ltd. Biosource Europe SA For more information, please dorsaVi Ltd Cilag NV contact the HIBCC office at: EC Certification Service GmbH Coris Bioconcept Fink Engineering Pty Ltd Fuji Hunt Photographic Chemicals NV 2525 E. -
Horizon Scanning Status Report June 2019
Statement of Funding and Purpose This report incorporates data collected during implementation of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Health Care Horizon Scanning System, operated by ECRI Institute under contract to PCORI, Washington, DC (Contract No. MSA-HORIZSCAN-ECRI-ENG- 2018.7.12). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its content. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of PCORI. An intervention that potentially meets inclusion criteria might not appear in this report simply because the horizon scanning system has not yet detected it or it does not yet meet inclusion criteria outlined in the PCORI Health Care Horizon Scanning System: Horizon Scanning Protocol and Operations Manual. Inclusion or absence of interventions in the horizon scanning reports will change over time as new information is collected; therefore, inclusion or absence should not be construed as either an endorsement or rejection of specific interventions. A representative from PCORI served as a contracting officer’s technical representative and provided input during the implementation of the horizon scanning system. PCORI does not directly participate in horizon scanning or assessing leads or topics and did not provide opinions regarding potential impact of interventions. Financial Disclosure Statement None of the individuals compiling this information have any affiliations or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report. Public Domain Notice This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission. Citation of the source is appreciated. All statements, findings, and conclusions in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) or its Board of Governors. -
Combination Medications
Combination Medications WHAT ARE COMBINATION MEDICATIONS? Combination medications are pills, tablets, or injections that contain more than one medication to treat HIV. They are listed in the tables below. Pharmaceutical companies have been working hard to make their medications easier to take. Part of this effort has been to combine more than one medication into a single pill. These combinations are referred to as fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). Combinationantiretroviral therapy (ART), sometimes called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has revolutionized the management of HIV infection and rendered it a chronic manageable disease. The first FDC to treat HIV wasCombivir , manufactured by ViiV Healthcare. Combivir contains two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): lamivudine and zidovudine. This was followed byTrizivir , also manufactured by ViiV Healthcare. Trizivir includes three NRTIs:abacavir , lamivudine, and zidovudine. Both Combivir and Trizivir are no longer widely used in the U.S. due to the frequency and severity of side effects. Be sure that you do not take a combination medication along with any of its components!For example, do not take Truvada (which contains emtricitabine and tenofovir DF) with tenofovir DF (Viread) or emtricitabine (Emtriva). Your healthcare provider will help you decide which HAART regimen is best for you; take your medications exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to. TABLE OF COMBINATION HIV MEDICATIONS Brand name Year Approved Individual Components Also Known As Manufacturer -
How Jews Change the World - the Jerusalem Post
1/7/2021 How Jews change the world - The Jerusalem Post Jerusalem Post > Opinion How Jews change the world It comes as no surprise that two Jews, Bourla and Zaks, are spearheading two COVID- 19 vaccines to which many may one day soon owe their lives. By SHLOMO MAITAL DECEMBER 22, 2020 12:28 8000 British author Norman Lebrecht faces the media holding his Whitbread Book of the Year Award entry, 'The Song of Names,' in London in 2003. (photo credit: REUTERS) Advertisement ~ Listen to this article now \l:V 09:18 Powered by Trinity Audio https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/how-jews-change-the-world-652199 1/6 1/7/2021 How Jews change the world - The Jerusalem Post Report~ A Greek Jew, two Turkish-born Germans, a Lebanese Armenian and an Israeli walk into a bar. Actually - not a bar, but a research lab. And it's not a joke. It's about brilliant people, all of them emigres, some Jewish, whose vaccines will hopefully save countless lives in Israel and the world. And there is a back story - about a century of Jewish genius that changed the world. It is recounted brilliantly by Norman Lebrecht, a British journalist and novelist, and graduate of Bar-llan University, in his book Genius and Anxiety: HowJews Changed the World, 1847-1947. Let's begin with the vaccine. On Friday, November 13, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed a deal with the giant US pharmaceutical company Pfizer to purchase millions of coronavirus vaccine doses. It was only days after Pfizer announced clinical trials showed the vaccine was 90% effective at preventing COVID-19. -
Big Pharma Freshens Up
April 09, 2021 Big pharma freshens up Amy Brown Reliance on established drugs lessened for most large drug makers last year, but staleness is creeping in at Merck and Bristol. All successful drug franchises must one day fade – the challenge comes in finding replacements. It is encouraging therefore to see that almost all major developers improved on the sales freshness index last year, versus 2019, with a couple of notable exceptions. This percentage measure is derived from the proportion of a company’s prescription drug sales that come from products more than 10 years old. Scores range widely within the cohort, showing that some groups have much more work to do than others. Take Abbvie, with 74% of 2020’s drug sales derived from drugs at least a decade old, compared with a much fresher Astrazeneca, at 44%. Abbvie is still very reliant on its mega-blockbuster Humira – the autoimmune antibody contributed 44% of the company’s drugs sales last year – and the big pharma group’s freshness score has not shifted from 2019, when Evaluate Vantage last ran these numbers (Sanofi's geriatric pipeline fails to freshen up, January 22, 2020). Astrazeneca was at the other end of the scale last time and its performance improved again in 2020. The previous laggard Sanofi, meanwhile, has the huge success of Dupixent to thank for its big shift towards the fresher end of the group. The French company’s departure from the top of the table leaves Abbvie, Pfizer and Roche as the stalest big pharma groups, and arguably under the most pressure to find new sales sources.