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Ralph Eberhart
SECRET MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD Event: North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) field site visit Type of event: Interview with CINC NORAD (Commander in ChiefNORAD), General Ralph Edward Eberhart DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL, Date: March 1, 2004 E.O. 13526, SECTION 5.3(b)(3) Special Access Issues: Clearance check ISCAP APPEAL NO. 2012-042, document no. 29 DECLASSIFICATION DATE: September 29, 2014 Prepared by: Geoffrey Brown Team Number: 8 Location: Peterson Air Force Base, Building 2 Participants- Non-Commission: Colonel David Hayden (U.S. Army), Colonel Punch Moulton (U.S. Air Force) Participants- Commission: Team 8: John Azzarello, Geoffrey Brown. John Farmer, Miles Kara, Kevin Shaeffer Note: Please refer to the recorded interview for further details. Background: Eberhart had been part ofthe military for 33 years on September 11, 2001 (9/11 ), and had been a four star general for five years. Please refer to the attached biography for a comprehensive record of Eberhart's career. Debate over the relevance of NORAD: ' The two major factors that contributed to the declined importance ofNORAD's air defense mission were: 1) the Soviet Union development ofIntercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)- thus changing the likelihood of a traditional bomber/fighter air attack; and 2) afterwards, the relative end of the Cold War threat after the break up of the Soviet Union. A common thought that stemmed from the above factors was that the air defense mission ofNORAD could be distributed amongst sites that could perform multiple missions. The priority was to "recapitalize andre-modernize" the forces for the future. -
Mr. Max F. James
2010 By Lewis Carlyle EVERY YEAR, THE US AIR FORCE ACADEMY AND THE ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES SELECT TWO INDIVIDUALS FROM THE RANKS OF THE LONG BLUE LINE WHO HAVE GONE ABOVE AND BEYOND SERVICE TO OUR NATION. THESE DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES ARE HONORED WITH THE ACAdemy’S MOST PRESTIGIOUS AWARD FOR THEIR SERVICE TO BOTH THE MILITARY AND CIVILIAN SECTORS. THE ROSTER OF PAST DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES INCLUDES CORPORATE CEOS, FOUR-STAR GENERALS AND EVEN A MEMBER OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS. THIS YEAR, TWO MORE OF THE ACAdemy’S FINEST JOIN THIS ELITE GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS AS MAX JAMES, CLASS OF 1964, AND GENERAL RALPH E. “Ed” EBERHART, CLASS OF 1968, ARE HONORED WITH THE 2010 DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE AWARD. Max James | Class of 1964 Music Underwriters Convention at the Broadmoor Resort with During his years on active duty, Max James was assigned to the his folk singing quartet, the Pikesmen, and being selected as the astronaut recovery program at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. After editor of the Talon Magazine. volunteering to become a rescue helicopter pilot in Vietnam, he was Like many cadets, James had a life-changing experience during shot down twice over the course of his 200 combat missions. James his time at the Academy. During his senior year, when serving holds numerous commendations for courage under fire. as Squadron Commander, he awoke one morning to find his The chopper pilot reflects pensively on his time at the Academy Air Officer Commanding at his dorm room door. The AOC was and how it played an influence on his military career. -
THE CREATION of the UNITED STATES NORTHERN COMMAND: Potential Constitutional, Legal, and Policy Issues Raised by a Unified Command for the Domestic United States
THE CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES NORTHERN COMMAND: Potential Constitutional, Legal, and Policy Issues Raised By a Unified Command For The Domestic United States An Interim Report of The Constitution Project* On October 1, 2002, a new Unified Combatant Command, the United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM), became operational and assumed responsibility for the military’s homeland security activities inside the United States. The Unified Command Plan was first adopted in 1946 to increase military effectiveness by ensuring that personnel from the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps deployed to a particular region would serve in a single combatant command under the authority of a single commander. Each combatant commander – of which there are only nine – is a senior general or admiral reporting directly to the National Command Authority. The Combatant Commanders wield significant prestige within the Department of Defense (“DOD”) and enjoy considerable autonomy within their area of responsibility. Airforce General Ralph Eberhart will serve as NORTHCOM’s first commander. The geographic scope of NORTHCOM’s command will encompass the American homeland, Canada, Mexico, portions of the Caribbean, and U.S. coastal waters out to five hundred nautical miles. NORTHCOM is the first Combatant Command with exclusive geographic and operational responsibility in the domestic United States in the fifty-year history of the Unified Command Plan, and General Eberhart is the first military commander with exclusive operational authority over domestic military operations since the Civil War. For this reason alone, the creation of NORTHCOM is a remarkable moment in the history of the United States that deserves far greater attention than has been accorded to date. -
AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT of STOL AIRCRAFT POTENTIAL INCLUDING TERMINAL AREA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS Volume I
NASA CONTRACTOR NASA CR-2424 REPORT CM AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF STOL AIRCRAFT POTENTIAL INCLUDING TERMINAL AREA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS Volume I by H. L. Solomon and S. Sokolsky Prepared by THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION El Segundo, Calif. for Ames Research Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • MAY 1974 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA CR -2b2k 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date "An Economic Assessment of STOL Aircraft Potential Including MAY 197^ Terminal Area Environmental Considerations" Volume I 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. H. L. Solomon and S. Sokolsky 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address The Aerospace Corporation 11. Contract or Grant No. El Segundo; California NAS 2-6473 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Contractor Report 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. .„ 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1 5. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This report presents the results of an economic and environmental study of short haul airline systems using short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft. The STOL system characteristics were .optimized for maximum patronage at a specified return on investment, while maintaining noise impact compatibility with the terminal area. Supporting studies of aircraft air pollution and .hub airport icongestion relief were also performed. The STOL concept specified for this study was an Augmentor Wing turbofan aircraft having a field length capability of 2,000 ft. and an effective perceived noise level of 95 EPNdB at. 500 ft. -
Vfr/Gps Chart Update
13 JANUARY 2011 VFR ENROUTE CHANGE NOTICES US-1 VFR+GPS CHARTS NORTH AMERICA Jeppesen CHART CHANGE NOTICES highlight only significant changes affecting Jeppesen Charts, also regularly updated at www.jeppesen.com. IMPORTANT: CHECK FOR NOTAMS AND OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION PRIOR TO FLIGHT. Darby Dan, 6I6. Location ID chgd to 75OA, Apt use chgd to private [GL-5] VFR ENROUTE CHARTS Delaware County-Johnson Field, MIE . Apt name chgd to DELAWARE CO REGL [GL-4] GENERAL NOTICES Edgar CO, PRG. AWOS-3 freq estbld 124.17 MHz [GL-3, GL-7] Greene Co-Jackson Regl, I19. Apt name chgd to The Chart Change Notices are valid for the following GREENE CO-LEWIS A. JACKSON REGL [GL-4] Chart editions: Greensburg-Decatur CO, I34. Apt name chgd to Great Lakes: GREENSBURG MUN [GL-4] GL-1 (4th), GL-2 (4th), GL-3 (6th), GL-4 (3rd), GL-5 (3rd), Gruetter, 5OI7. Apt perm withdrwn (N413533 W0832232) GL-6 (3rd), GL-7 (3rd), GL-8 (3rd), GL-9 (3rd) [GL-1] Hook Field Mun, MWO. Apt name chgd to North Central: MIDDLETOWN REGL/HOOK FIELD [GL-4] NC-1 (2nd), NC-2 (2nd), NC-3 (2nd), NC-4 (2nd), NC-5 Hufford Field, 83OA. New private apt estbld at N400931 (2nd), NC-6 (2nd), NC-7 (2nd), NC-8 (2nd), NC-9 (2nd), NC- rd nd nd rd W8435398, elev 1035’, rwy length 2310’ (turf) [GL-4] 10 (3 ), NC-11 (2 ), NC-12 (2 ), NC-13 (3 ), James Clements Mun, 3CM. CTAF freq chgd to 122.72 MHz th nd rd rd NC-14 (6 ), NC-15 (2 ), NC-16 (3 ), NC-17 (3 ), [GL-1] NC-18 (2nd), NC-19 (3rd) Jott, 9MI8. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5. -
THE FISCHER FAMILY of BALTIMORE COUNTY, MARYLAND: a PICTURE of the LIFE of a GERMAN-AMERICAN FAMILY in the EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY in 1990, Rudolph F
THE FISCHER FAMILY OF BALTIMORE COUNTY, MARYLAND: A PICTURE OF THE LIFE OF A GERMAN-AMERICAN FAMILY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY In 1990, Rudolph F. Fischer, Sr. finished writing his recollections from child- hood. Although Mr. Fischer intended his narrative solely for his family, the story he tells will likely appeal to many. He focuses on his own experiences yet recounts a virtual chronicle of life in rural Baltimore County in the early twentieth century. Mr. Fischer is now deceased, but his son, Rudolph, Jr., has graciously con- sented to the publication of his father's narrative in the Report. The story is presented largely as Mr. Fischer wrote it. Some explicit references to fami- ly members have been omitted, and several notes and illustrations have been added to make the whole accessible to a wider audience, particularly those who might not be intimately familiar with the geography of Baltimore City and County (Ed.). In June, 1896, my grandfather, Friedrich stated: "having declared an oath taken in J. Fischer, purchased four acres, one open court his intentions to become a citizen rood and eight perches1 of land on the of the United States and that he doth north side of Bird River Neck Road from absolutely renounce all allegiance and James J. Milling, He paid $40.00 per acre fidelity to the Emperor of Germany of or a total price of $172.00. whom he was heretofore a subject." Grandfather Fischer had recently In 1905 my father returned to his na- arrived in America from Germany, where he tive village of Widerau in Saxony to bring was born in 1842. -
Howcas% Set February 21, 1970 '^ Ly CBS-' Int's
he New Hollywood Music (Editorial) . Anti-Pb^ yiusic To Fill Air? . , . Chappell Sets New Executive -unctions To Achieve Total Music' Look . U S. Act »howcas% Set February 21, 1970 '^ ly CBS-' Int'S ^ol In Eng . J.S. To Be Tom Jones Fest This Summer . Jame Nistri CB Int'l Director ... A. Schroeder luilds Operation On No-Merger Philosophy . lAIR' GROWS ON INT'L SECTION BEGINS ON PAGE 51 Theygot oii on ihewrongapple. And that’s where Gary Puckett and The Union Gap’s new single begins'' (Lets Give Adam and Eve) Another Chance.”A compelling rock-gospel song that ought to go all the way. And that shouldn’t be surprising. Because Gary Puckett just seems to have one hit single after another. So you don’t need too much help picking them. Gary Puckett and The Union Gap 99 (Lets GiveAdam And Eve) Another Chance (4S-45097) On Columbia Records h ® "COLUMBIA,"gMARCAS REG. PRINTED IN U.S.A. CcishBoK VOL XXXI - Number 30/February 21, 1970 Publication Office/ 1780 Broadway, New York, New York 10019 / Telephone JUdson 6-2640/Cable Address: Cash Box, N Y, GEORGE ALBERT President and Publisher MARTY OSTROW Vice President IRV LICHTMAN Editor in Chief EDITORIAL MARV GOODMAN Assoc. Editor ALLAN RINDE West Coast Editor JOHN KLEIN NORMAN STEINBERG ED KELLEHER EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS MIKE MARTUCCI ANTHONY LANZETTA ADVERTISING EERNIE BLAKE Director of Advertising The ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES New STAN SOIFER, New York HARVEY GELLER, Hollywood WOODY HARDING Art Director COIN MACHINE & VENDING Hollywood Music ED ADLUM General Manager BOB COHEN, Assistant CAMILLE COMPASIO, Chicago LISSA MORROW, Hollywood CIRCULATION THERESA TORTOSA, Mgr. -
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs October 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32496 U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Summary This CRS Report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses policy issues regarding military- to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and records major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. In 1993, President Clinton reengaged with the top PRC leadership, including China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Renewed military exchanges with the PLA have not regained the closeness reached in the 1980s, when U.S.-PRC strategic alignment against the Soviet Union included U.S. arms sales to China. Improvements and deteriorations in overall bilateral engagement have affected military contacts, which were close in 1997-1998 and 2000, but marred by the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait crisis, mistaken NATO bombing of a PRC embassy in 1999, the EP-3 aircraft collision crisis in 2001, and the PLA’s aggressive maritime and air confrontations. Issues for Congress include whether the Administration complies with legislation overseeing dealings with the PLA and pursues contacts with the PLA that advance a prioritized set of U.S. security interests, especially the operational safety of U.S. military personnel. Oversight legislation includes the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1990-FY1991 (P.L. 101-246) and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2000 (P.L. -
The Case Against Ralph Eberhart, NORAD's 9/11 Commander
The Case Against Ralph Eberhart, NORAD’s 9/11 Commander by Kevin Ryan In a 2004 U.S. Senate hearing, Senator Mark Dayton remarked that “this country and its citizens were completely undefended” for “109 minutes” on 9/11.[1] Dayton went on to clarify that officials within the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) had covered up the facts about the lack of air defenses by lying to the 9/11 Commission, to Congress and to the American people. And they were not held accountable. One man was most responsible for both the air defense failures and the lying that covered it up. U.S. Air Force General Ralph Edward Eberhart had taken over command of NORAD from General Richard Myers in February 2000. The position included leadership of all air defense operations in North America and, also, the U.S. Space Command. Therefore, on 9/11, Eberhart was the man most responsible for failure to intercept the four hijacked aircraft over a period of nearly two hours. NORAD is the joint U.S.-Canadian military organization responsible for monitoring and defending the airspace over North America. Long-standing operating procedures at NORAD, for dealing with airliners that have gone off-course or been hijacked, were not followed on 9/11. Each of the four flights involved in the 9/11 attacks should have been intercepted when they lost radio contact, deviated from their course, or turned off their transponders.[2] The procedures for interception were automatic and required no special orders to implement. Through these procedures, interceptor jets had been scrambled 129 times in the year 2000 and 67 times in the year prior to June 2001. -
Federal Register Volume 31 Number 14
FEDERAL REGISTER VOLUME 31 NUMBER 14 Friday, January 21, Washington, D.C. Pages 803-866 Agencies in this issue— The President Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Agriculture Department Atomic Energy Commission Automotive Agreement Adjustment Assistance Board Civil Aeronautics Board Civil Service Commission Coast Guard Commodity Credit Corporation Consumer and Marketing Service Defense Department Education Office Engineers Corps Federal Aviation Agency Federal Communications Commission Federal Contract Compliance Office Federal Housing Administration Federal Power Commission Housing and Urban Development Department Immigration and Naturalization Service Interstate Commerce Commission Labor Department Land Management Bureau Post Office Department Securities and Exchange Commission Treasury Department Detailed list of Contents appears inside. 5-Year Compilations of Presidential Documents Supplements to Title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations The Supplements to Title 3 of the Code the President and published in the Federal of Federal Regulations contain the full text Register during the period June 2, 19 38 - of proclamations, Executive orders, reor December 3 1 , 1963. Tabular finding aids ganization plans, trade agreement letters, and subject indexes are included. The in and certain administrative orders issued by dividual volumes are priced as follows: 1938—1943 Compilation— $3.00 1949-1953 Compilation— $7.00 1943-1948 Compilation— $7.00 1954-1958 Compilation— $4.00 1959—1963 Compilation— $6.00 Compiled by Office of -
B R O a D Vraoi 9ÁÂ 14 Sebttiq0 Á I Á I£N A2ejjo3 Apze2u;Usog the BUSINESSWEEKLY O IO
SEPTEMBER 29, 1958 THIRTY-FIVE CENTS - 29dM6,3 - B R O A D vraoi 9ÁÂ 14 sEBttIQ0 á I Á i£N a2ejjo3 apze2u;usog THE BUSINESSWEEKLY O IO Aftermath: Federal grand jury indicts Mack, Whiteside Page 27 Spearhead in VTR revolution: BBDO converts live to tape Page 31 Craven warns broadcasters to keep guard up on spectrum Page 52 Bullish about radio: Sales upswing seen for last half Page 80 Batting average (share of audience) up five months in a row. On any basis of measurable results-sales, cost -per -proof -of- purchase, or ratings - WMGM scores for advertisers at the lowest cost of any radio station in the Nevi York metropolitan area. wnngmRADIO NEW YORK CITY station in town liveliest 50.000 watts 6`tQ))l AID X1105 AVIie17 1F)2110"i ?,',11SnNI10-1nIA' WMGM -station of the champions-broadcasts the World Series The Metro -Goldwyn -Mayer Radio &tatlon In New York -1050 kc 400 Park Avenue Phone MUrray Hill 8-1000 Represented Nationally by George P. Ho//ingbery Co. NOW AVAILABLE NEW MERCHANDISING PLAN. DETAILS ON REQUEST. Territorial Governor of Alaska, Mike Stepovich, on the left, Compton, KVTV newsman, who was on hand, to record shown here accepting a film of Iowa's Governor Loveless personally, this history -making event of Alaska's becoming welcoming Alaska to the Union. Presenting the film is Dick the 49th state for KVTV viewers. WHEN THE BIG NEWS WAS ALASKA A KVTV NEWSMANWAS THERE Dick Compton's trip to Alaska is typical KVTV believes it has a responsibility to of the traveling KVTV newsmen do to the people it serves.