DOCSLIB.ORG

The Great Dance: Myth, History and Identity in Documentary Film Representations of the Bushmen, 1925-2000 by Lauren Van Vuuren

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Great Dance: Myth, History and Identity in Documentary Film Representations of the Bushmen, 1925-2000 by Lauren Van Vuuren The Great Dance: Myth, History and Identity in Documentary Film Representations of the Bushmen, 1925-2000 by Lauren van Vuuren Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Historical Studies University of Cape Town December 2005 University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Acknowledgements I wish to express my deep gratitude to the following people whose support and guidance has been invaluable throughout this process: To the Andrew Mellon Foundation for funding me for the duration of my postgraduate studies, and to the staff of the Post Graduate Funding Office, especially Marion, Fundiswa, Sandy and Linda. To the library staff at the University of Cape Town Llbraries: Kay, Roz, Sandy, Sue and Tanya, your patience, efficiency and kindness is greatly appreciated. To Linda and Winnie at Java Junction, for being there in difficult times with coffee and warm smiles, thank you both. To Kathy Hofmeyer, who copy-edited this thesis and whose support, patience, intelligence and humour was fundamentally significant to me at a very difficult time. To my supervisors, Vivian Bickford­ Smith and Richard Mendelsohn, for your guidance, patience, commitment and loyalty throughout the entire course of the researching and writing of this PhD, for teaching and listening, challenging and encouraging me. To my parents, Colleen and Peter van Vuuren, for always believing in me and supporting me. And to Cline, who was there through it all. ABSTRACT This thesis utilises a sample of major documentary films on the Bushmen of Southern Africa as primary sources in investigating change over time in the interpretation and visualisation of Bushmen peoples over seventy five years from 1925 to 2000. The primary sources of this thesis are seven documentary films on the subject of Bushmen people in southern Africa. These films are as follows The Bushmen (1925), made by the Denver African Expedition to southern Africa; the BBC film Lost World of Kalahari (1956) by Laurens van der Post; The Hunters (1958) by John Marshall; the 1974 National Geographic Society film Bushmen of the Kalahan;John Marshall's 1980 film N!az:· The Story of a !Kung Woman; and the South African films People of the Great Sandface (1984) by Paul John Myburgh and The Great Dance (2000) by Craig and Damon Foster. All of these films reflect, to varying degrees, a complex interplay between generic images of Bushmen as pristine primitives and the visible evidence of many Bushmen peoples rapid decline into poverty in Southern Africa, a process which had been ongoing throughout the twentieth century. The aim of the thesis has been to explore the utilisation of film as a primary source for historical research, but focussing specifically on a subject related to the southern African historical context. The films under analysis have been critically appraised as evidence of the values and attitudes of the people and period that have produced them, and for evidence about the Bushmen at the time of filming. Furthermore, each film has been considered as a film in history, for how it influences academic or popular discourses on the Bushmen, and finally as filmic 'historiography' that communicates historical knowledge. This thesis, then, utilises a knowledge and understanding of film language, as well as the history and development of documentary film, to assess and consider the way in which knowledge is communicated through the medium of film. This study has attempted to investigate the popular and academic indictment of documentary film as progenitor and/ or reinforcing agent of crude, reified mythologies about Bushmen culture in southern Africa. It is shown here that the way major documentary films have interpreted and positioned Bushmen people reveals the degree to which documentary films are acute reflections of their historical contexts, particularly in relation to the complicated webs of discourse that define popular and academic responses to particular subjects, such as 'Bushmen', at particular historical moments. Critical, visually literate analysis of documentaries can reveal the patterns of these discourses, which in turn reflect layers of ideology that change over time. A secondary finding of this thesis has been that documentary film might constitute a source of oral history for historians, when the subjects of a documentary film express ideas and attitudes that reflect self identity. It is proposed that the approach to analysis of documentary film that has been utilised throughout this study is a means of 'extracting' the oral testimony from its ideological positioning within the world of the film. The historian might evaluate the usefulness of a subject's oral testimony in relation to the ideological orientation of the film as a whole, to decide whether it is worthwhile being considered as das Ding an sich or should be seen purely as a reflection of values and attitudes of the filmmaker, or something in between. It is shown in this thesis that documentary film constitutes an important archive of oral testimony for historians who are properly versed in reading film language. CONTENTS Maps 1-lV 1. Introduction 1 2. Demographics and General Historical Outline 18 3. The Denver African Expedition of 1925 and The Bushmen 26 4. Lost World of Kalahari (1 956) 59 5. The Hunters (1958) 90 6. Bushmen of the Kalahari (197 4) 122 7. N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman (1980) 152 8. People of the Great S anc!face (1984) 190 9. Conclusion: Myth, History and Identity in Documentary Film representations of the Bushmen, 1925-2000 224 Bibliography 240 Filmography 252 20°E 24°E BECHUANALAND BRITISH PROTECTORATE GERMAN 1885 SOUTH-WEST AFRICA • _Khutse Letlhokeng 1882 ... I 24°5 24°5 : .. · ..Dutlwe .. I . .. Molepolole f' __ Wa;onroads I "''- -- 1850s-90s I \, I ( ~ ...... .._f"., ~-_,,,...-'-. __ 0 zoo ( klLOMIETIUS ,I ORANGE ,- FREE STATE ,,,.--v 1854 20°E / 28°E FIGURE 1: 19c Kalahari showing German South West Africa (now Namibia) as at 1882 and the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland (now Botswana) as at 1885. (Map taken from Richard Lee, 'Art, Science or Politics? The Crises in Hunter-Gatherer Studies', American Anthropologist, New Series, vol. 94, no. 1 (March 1992), p. 112. ZAMBIA ANGOLA ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA GHANZI -Mamuno BOTSWANA KGALAGADI SOUTH AFRICA Main roads -+-+-t-+- Maln railways International boundaries Regional boundaries ~ Airports o km 100 200' - 300 0 mi les 100 200 FIGURE 2: Botswana as at 1994 (Map taken from the Economist Intelligence Unit Counay Profile: Botswana, 1993/1994) 11 -< BOTSWANA ·-·;.~!: ! ·-t..X11ul -- --- rf.'J-.::f-"" ==1~"'.:ies/ :ffih Pans/ Panne / :=:;:,=: / Rivers / Ri~Are / Raitway lines/Spoorlyne / District boundary/ Oistrik.sgrens District main centre/ Distrikshoofdorp • National capital/Nasionele hoofstad • Game reserves/Wiknservate H Prohibited diamond araa/Verboda ciamantgebled 60 0 60 160 260 350 i 1a1ca:::==--===--==---===· km i R.S.A .. 1:6300000 ! FIGURE 3: South West Africa (now Namibia) in 1982, with Tshumkwe in the Nyae Nyae region as the capital of the 'homeland' Bushmanland (now called Otjozondjupa). (map taken from J.H van der Merwe (ed.), National Adas ofSouth West Africa (Cape Town: National Book Printers, 1983), map no. 40.) 111 . ' . ''. \ ----- .. --------~' I . I eptio(I ·on val/_ey - ntl - Pan : oecer .-­ \-$-{ .­ \.etiahau ~ ) / Gana Molapo:_._ Bushmen ----~'\ ' -- - . / ~?I' .. ' :o~,' ~ 'b 'I : ': • Metsiamonong I I , \ \ Bape Gope _-::: . ___ 1 \- - --- .... - - :~- ... _ __ ....... -------r SITE Of : ; 01~:io CENTRAL ~Mothomelo : KALAHARI . .' . GAME Kikau • ---- -. RESERVE Kukama ·: . .' ', ' ,, ... --\. FIGURE 4: Central Kalahari Game Reserve. See Xade at centre left. (Map taken from Sandy Gall, The Bushmen ofSouthern Africa: Slaughter ofth e Innocent (London: Pimlico, 2002) lV CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION In the period between 1925 and 2000, and particularly after 1956, a great many documentary films were made about the Bushmen people of southern Africa. These included South African government propaganda films, educational documentary films, made-for-television documentaries shown on local and international television and feature length documentaries for the BBC and the National Geographic Society (enjoying the robust support of those influential institutions).1 In the post-Apartheid context, there have been a number of South African- and internationally-produced documentaries dealing with the struggle by various Bushmen groups to gain ownership of land lost under colonialism and Apartheid. What is interesting about this veritable glut of documentary films is that their subject matter, the Bushmen of Southern Africa, have in the recent history of the region constituted a marginalised minority with very little political or economic agency; an 'underclass', as Robert Gordon has termed them.2 The majority of the documentary films about the Bushmen produced in the last eighty years have evaded any discussion of their contemporary status and have focused instead on the perceived value of the hunter-gathering culture and its cosmology, ecological knowledge and folklore. The overriding of history in favour of an ahistorical view of 'Bushmen culture' has contributed to a twentieth century Bushmen iconography that has little to do with the reality of people classified as Bushmen in Southern Africa.3 This mythologising of the Bushmen as ahistorical hunter­ gatherers living in a timeless space outside of historical process, untouched by the encroachment of Western civilisation, and providers of 'clues' as to the origin of humanity, is a phenomenon that has been commented on previously.4 1 A feature-length documentary is usually the length of a feature fiction film; fifty two minutes or longer. 2 Robert J. Gordon, The Bushmen Myth: The Making of a Namibian Underclass (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Gods Must Be Crazy but the Producers Know Exactly What They Are Doing
    _ _ _____ _ _ o _ The Gods Must Be Crazy But the producers know exactly what they are doing BY RICHARD B. LEE The film opens with a highly Both viewers and reviewers are Richard Lee is a Toronto-based anthro­ romanticized ethnography of the taken in by the charm and inno­ pologist who has worked with the San primitive Bushmen in their remote cence of the Gods ... especially the for over twenty years. home in "Botswana", (Actually sympathetic portrayal of the non­ Welcome to Apartheid funland, the film was shot in Namibia). whites. The clever sight gags evoke where white and black mingle eas­ The voice-over extols the virtues laughter that ignores political ide­ ily, where the savages are noble of their simple life. Into this ologies. But there is more to this and civilization is in question, and idyllic scene comes a Coke bot­ film than meets the eye. ... a great where the humour is nonstop. tle thrown from a passing plane. deal more. Discord erupts among the happy First, there is the incredibly These are the images packaged folk as they strive to possess the patronizing attitude towards the in Jamie Uys' hit film, The Gods bottle. Clearly heaven has made Bushmen, or San as I prefer to Must Be Crazy now playing to ca­ a mistake (hence the film's title) pacity audiences around the world. call them. The Bushman as Noble Savage is a peculiar piece of white South Africa's previous suc­ South African racial mythology. In cesses in international film distri­ the popular press the Bushman are bution have served their racism a favorite weekend magazine topic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta
    1 INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION Hamengku Buwono IX, although so prominent in Indonesian politics for so long, has not yet attracted a full-length study in English. He never had a prominent role in Indonesian foreign policy, except in foreign economic policy in the 1960s. Hamengku Buwono lacked the charisma and oratory of Sukarno, the engaging style of Malik, the administrative tenacity of Hatta, the intellectuality of Syahrir, or the direct command of troops of Nasution. Of the figures who came to notice in the Revolution, however, only Malik1 had a longer career; but although Malik left no enduring political legacy, Hamengku Buwono bequeathed a thriving principality to his son and successor. When the Republican leaders could no longer bear the increasing dangers of Jakarta in 1945, they were constrained to move to Yogyakarta at the Sultan’s invitation. When the Dutch had captured those leaders in 1948, the Sultan was able effectively to defy the invaders. When Sukarno’s Guided Democracy failed, the untried General Suharto called on the Sultan to guide the country’s economy. When the political leadership faltered, the country turned to the quiet, unassuming Sultan. One image in Indonesian writing about him is that of the goalkeeper, who saves the 01 A Prince in a Republic.indd 1 12/19/14 11:37 AM 2 A Prince in a Republic side when all else fails.2 This of course, like many other assertions about him, is an oversimplification and has to be examined critically. But there is also something elusive about Hamengku Buwono. As I remark in Chapter 7, he recalls A.J.P.
    [Show full text]
  • American Visions of the Netherlands East Indies/ Indonesia: US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920-1949 Gouda, Frances; Brocades Zaalberg, Thijs
    www.ssoar.info American Visions of the Netherlands East Indies/ Indonesia: US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920-1949 Gouda, Frances; Brocades Zaalberg, Thijs Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Gouda, F., & Brocades Zaalberg, T. (2002). American Visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920-1949. (American Studies). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn- resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-337325 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de FRANCES GOUDA with THIJS BROCADES ZAALBERG AMERICAN VISIONS of the NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES/INDONESIA US Foreign Policy and Indonesian Nationalism, 1920-1949 AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS de 3e PROEF - BOEK 29-11-2001 23:41 Pagina 1 AMERICAN VISIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES/INDONESIA de 3e PROEF - BOEK 29-11-2001 23:41 Pagina 2 de 3e PROEF - BOEK 29-11-2001 23:41 Pagina 3 AmericanVisions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia
    [Show full text]
  • Programming Ideas
    Umbrella License® Programming Guide We have compiled a programming guide that will allow you to take full advantage of the wide variety of motion pictures and audiovisual works available for screening under your facility’s MPLC Umbrella License. Please be sure to review titles and MPAA rating information prior to your screening to ensure that the subject matter is appropriate for your audience. Twentieth Century Fox From the highest-grossing motion picture of all time to Hollywood classics, the Twentieth Century Fox catalogue spans decades and includes many contemporary favorites. Affiliated labels include Fox 2000 Films, Fox-Walden, Fox Look, and Fox Searchlight. • Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015) (PG-13) • The Maze Runner (2014) (PG-13) • Fantastic Four (2015) (PG-13) • Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007) (PG) • Fantastic Four (2005) (PG-13) • The Book of Life (2014) (PG) • Rio 2 (2014) (G) • Rio (2011) (G) • Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014) (PG) • Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009) (PG) • Night at the Museum (2006) (PG) • Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014) (PG-13) • Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) (PG-13) • Planet of the Apes (1968) (G) • Gone Girl (2014) (R) • The Fault in Our Stars (2014) (PG-13) • Son of God (2014) (PG-13) • X-Men Days of Future Past (2014) (PG-13) • The Wolverine (2013) (PG-13) • X-Men: First Class (2011) (PG-13) • X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) (PG-13) • X2 (2003) (PG-13) • X-Men (2000) (PG-13) • 12 Years a Slave (2013) (R) • A Good Day to Die Hard (2013)
    [Show full text]
  • THE MOMENTS of `VOORSLAG' and `SESTIGER' in OUR LITERARY HISTORY by Ntongela Masilela Always Historicize! . . . But, As the Trad
    Untitled Document THE MOMENTS OF `VOORSLAG' AND `SESTIGER' IN OUR LITERARY HISTORY by Ntongela Masilela Always historicize! . But, as the traditional dialectic teaches us, the historicizing operation can follow two distinct paths, which only ultimately meet in the same place: the path of the object and the path of the subject, the historical origins of the things themselves and that more intangible historicity of the concepts and categories by which we attempt to understand those things. -Fredric Jameson, THE POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS, p. 9. Since this presentation has been requested by the Conference Organizers, especially Robert Kriger, as a statement to facilitate a discussion, rather than as an exposition defining a particular literary problematic and in relation to which develop a thorough thesis or definitive statement, it will be short and elliptical and throwing out ideas for consideration. In many ways, to consider the literary moments of `Voorslag' and `Sestigers' from the perspective of today, that is, from the perspective informed of the political certainty that the victory of the democratic forces in South Africa is just around the corner, though complicated and complex, is to consider the theoretical constructs and cultural forms in the writing of a particular era of our literary history. How can one possibly theorize the cultural processes and cultural formation of South African literary history! The structure of South African literary history in the twentieth century is characterised by disconnections, discontinuities, abrupt breaks and seemingly irreconcilable ruptures. It is not difficult to see that the political determinants of this tragic process in our cultural history are largely and wholly determined, in their form and effect, by the political philosophy and ideology of Apartheid.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Indigenous Rights and the Politics of Identity in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa
    2 Indigenous Rights and the Politics of Identity in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa Richard B. Lee I2008j The terms indigenous rightsand post-apartheid raise a number of ques- tions in the context of southern Africa. The situation with rights is straightforward enough: we know that South Africa has been grossly deficient in upholding those (at least until 1994); but what about indige- nous rights? What exactly does indigenous mean in the South African context? And how do we gloss post-Apartheid in South Africa, since the laws are no longer on the books but the structural violence instituted by apartheid still affects the lives of millions of people? To start untangling the conundrums, I will begin from the premise that a complex terrain of struggle exists today at many levels in South Africa and its former satellites. The primary contradiction is, of course, the three-hundred-year struggle of African peoples against expropriation, racism, oppression, and underdevelopment under the European colonialists. But within that broad canvas are woven the strands of many smaller struggles by local groupings in specific histor- ical circumstances. One of the most interesting of these strands is the issue of Khoisan history and identity: how these have been constructed by Khoi and San themselves and by others in colonial and modern South Africa, and how the present government and emerging civil society of South Africa is searching for new approaches to a very old issue. So this is a story- actually, several stories-about the politics of identity in the era of apartheid and about the reconstruction of identities and the realign- ment of forces in the post-apartheid period.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Roy Campbell As a South African Modernist Poet
    A Study of Roy Campbell as a South African modernist poet Alannah Birch Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of D.Litt University of the Western Cape May 2013 Supervisor: Prof. A.N. Parr Abstract Roy Campbell was once a key figure in the South African literary canon. In recent years, his poetry has faded from view and only intermittent studies of his work have appeared. However, as the canon of South African literature is redefined, I argue it is fruitful to consider Campbell and his work in a different light. This thesis aims to re-read both the legend of the literary personality of Roy Campbell, and his prose and poetry written during the period of “high” modernism in England (the 1920s and 1930s), more closely in relation to modernist concerns about language, meaning, selfhood and community. It argues that his notorious, purportedly colonial, “hypermasculine” personae, and his poetic and personal explorations of “selfhood”, offer him a point of reference in a rapidly changing literary and social environment. Campbell lived between South Africa and England, and later Provence and Spain, and this displacement resonated with the modernist theme of “exile” as a necessary condition for the artist. I will suggest that, like the Oxford dandies whom he befriended, Campbell’s masculinist self-styling was a reaction against a particular set of patriarchal traditions, both English and colonial South African, to which he was the putative heir. His poetry reflects his interest in the theme of the “outsider” as belonging to a certain masculinist literary “tradition”. But he also transforms this theme in accordance with a “modernist” sensibility.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obituary of Sir Laurens Van Der Post ,As It Was Published in 'The
    Obituary of Sir Laurens van der Post The Australian newspaper’s 20 December 1996 full-page obituary of Sir Laurens van der Post. It originally appeared in the 17 December 1996 edition of The Times, London. The text is reproduced below. Click to enlarge A Prophet Out of Africa Sir Laurens van der Post Writer, explorer. Born South Africa, December 13, 1906. Died London, December 17, aged 90. IN an age of rampant materialism, Laurens van der Post was a passionate and prominent champion of spiritual values. The nature of his spirituality was not always clear, and his more Messianic pronouncements could seem both portentous and imprecise, but the views he expressed in more than two dozen books struck a chord with millions of readers. They also made him an influential confidant of public figures as diverse as Margaret Thatcher and the Prince of Wales. www.worldtransformation.com/vanderpost-obituary 2 World Transformation Movement He distilled in his work a lifetime’s varied experience. He had been an explorer and a soldier, a farmer and a conservationist, a campaigner and a dreamer. But it was as a prophet out of Africa that he won for himself a niche in English life and letters, with his intensely felt and emotionally expressed evocations of that continent’s landscape and peoples, and his insistence on the message he believed it to hold in trust for the West. “I feel myself,” he wrote, “to have become a kind of improvised footbridge across the widening chasm between Europe and Africa.” Laurens Jan van der Post was born, the 13th of 15 children, at Philippolis in the Orange Free State (of whose Volksraad, or State legislature, his father had been chairman) and educated at a country school and then at Grey College, Bloemfontein.
    [Show full text]
  • Mcmillan Book.Indb
    Number Seventeen carolyn and ernest fay series in analytical psychology David H. Rosen, General Editor The Carolyn and Ernest Fay edited book series, based initially on the annual Fay Lecture Series in Analytical Psychology, was established to further the ideas of C. G. Jung among students, faculty, therapists, and other citizens and to enhance scholarly activities related to analytical psychology. The Book Series and Lecture Series address topics of im- portance to the individual and to society. Both series were generously endowed by Carolyn Grant Fay, the founding president of the C. G. Jung Educational Center in Houston, Texas. The series are in part a memorial to her late husband, Ernest Bel Fay. Carolyn Fay has planted a Jungian tree carrying both her name and that of her late husband, which will bear fruitful ideas and stimulate creative works from this time forward. Texas A&M University and all those who come in contact with the growing Fay Jungian tree are extremely grateful to Carolyn Grant Fay for what she has done. The holder of the McMillan Professorship in Analytical Psychology at Texas A&M functions as the general editor of the Fay Book Series. A list of titles in this series appears at the end of the book. Finding Jung a special volume Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology Frank N. McMillan Jr., 1952 Finding Jung frank n. mcmillan jr., a life in quest of the lion Frank N. McMillan III Contributions by d avid h . r osen Foreword by Sir l aurens van der Post Texas A&M University Press • College Station Copyright © 2012 by Frank N.
    [Show full text]
  • Roy Campbell's Children's Novel, the Mamba's Precipice
    ROY CAMPBELL’S CHILDREN’S NOVEL, THE MAMBA’S PRECIPICE Elwyn Jenkins Department of English Studies University of South Africa Pretoria, South Africa [email protected] ABSTRACT Roy Campbell’s The mamba’s precipice (1953), a novel for children, is his only prose work of fiction. This article examines three aspects of the book, namely its autobigraphical elements; its echoes of Campbell’s friendship with the writers Laurie Lee and Laurens van der Post; and its parallels with other English children’s literature. Campbell based the story on the holidays his family spent on the then Natal South Coast, and he writes evocative descriptions of the sea and the bush. The accounts of feats achieved by the boy protagonist recall Campbell’s self-mythologising memoirs. There are similarities and differences between The mamba’s precipice and the way Van der Post wrote about Natal in The hunter and the whale (1967). Campbell’s novel in some respects resembles nineteenth-century children’s adventure stories set in South Africa, and it also has elements of the humour typical of school stories of the ‘Billy Bunter’ era and the cosy, mundane activities and dialogue common to other mid-century South African and English children’s books. Keywords: Roy Campbell, South African children’s fiction, Laurens van der Post university of south africa Mousaion Print ISSN 0027-2639 Volume 34 | Number 2 | 2016 © Unisa Press pp. 83–97 83 Jenkins Roy Campbell’s children’s novel, The Mamba’s Precipice 1. INTRODUCTION Roy Campbell wrote one children’s story, a full-length novel called The mamba’s precipice (1953).
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews - A.S
    Book Reviews - A.S. Baer, Philip Houghton, People of the Great Ocean; Aspects of human biology of the early Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, x + 292 pp. - Greg Bankoff, Vicente L. Rafael, Figures of criminality in Indonesia, the Philippines, and colonial Vietnam. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Southeast Asis Program, 1999, 258 pp. - Harold Brookfield, Donald Denoon, The Cambridge history of the Pacific Islanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, xvi + 518 pp., Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin (eds.) - Cynthia Chou, Shoma Munshi, Clifford Sather, The Bajau Laut; Adaptation, history, and fate in a maritime fishing society of south-eastern Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1997, xviii + 359 pp. - Cynthia Chou, Shoma Munshi, Krishna Sen, Gender and power in affluent Asia. London: Routledge, 1998, xiii + 323 pp., Maila Stivens (eds.) - Freek Colombijn, Arne Kalland, Environmental movements in Asia. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1998, xiii + 296 pp. [Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Man and Nature in Asia Series 4.], Gerard Persoon (eds.) - Kirsten W. Endres, Phan Huy Chu, Hai trinh chi luoc; Récit sommaire dun voyage en mer (1833); Un émissaire Vietnamien à Batavia. Paris: EHESS, 1994, viii + 228 pp. [Cahier dArchipel 25.] - Aone van Engelenhoven, Veronica Du Feu, Rapanui. London: Routledge, 1996, xv + 217 pp. [Routledge Descriptive Grammars.] - Fukui Hayao, Peter Boomgard, Paper landscapes; Explorations in the environmental history of Indonesia, 1997, vi + 424 pp. Leiden: KITLV Press. [Verhandelingen 178.], Freek Colombijn, David Henley (eds.) - Volker Heeschen, J. Miedema, Texts from the oral tradition in the south-western Birds Head Peninsula of Irian Jaya; Teminabuan and hinterland. Leiden: DSALCUL, Jakarta: ISIR, 1995, vi + 98 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • God Must Be Crazy 3 Download
    1 / 4 God Must Be Crazy 3 Download QUOTE(amir.asyraf @ Feb 21 2020, 06:24 PM). damn it can't find any torrent for it :( *. If you're looking for Gods must be crazy , i can download .... Find the perfect the gods must be crazy stock photo. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. No need to .... The Gods Must Be Crazy Collection chronicles the comic adventures of a Kalahari Bushman named Xixo as his world is invaded by modern civilisation.. Download film god must be crazy 3. The gods must be crazy 3 youtube. The gods must be crazy wikipedia. The gods must be crazy 1980 trailer | n! Xau | marius .... Top 10 Latest English Audio Mp3 Song Free Download : 1 1 Shake It Off ... Bass Meghan Trainor 3 3 Bang Ban Download backing music in midi and CD formats. ... (かくし付き) Download Mp3 Chris Brown Young Thug Go Crazy Instrumental, ... Our goal is to create products that make it easier to perform and mix using all .... the gods must be crazy hindi dubbed, the gods must be crazy hindi dubbed movie download, the gods mu.. I saw The Gods Must Be Crazy back in the 1980s at the Somerville Theatre in Massachussetts, about ... Click here to download the KTabS file. the gods must be crazy 3 tamil dubbed movie download, the gods must be crazy tamil dubbed movie down.. 6 I can't seem to download with mIRC; 7 mIRC XDCC Scripts; 8 XDCC Search ... full moviethe god must be crazy movie free downloadgod must be crazy 3 full ...
    [Show full text]