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Some Rare and Unpublished Ancient British Coins
AN ACCOUNT OF SOME RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS, COMMUNICATED TO THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON BY JOHN EVANS, F.S.A., F.G.S., HON. SEC. NUM.SOC. LONDON: 1860. 1·~~~ ANCIENT BRITISH COi NS. AN ACCOUNT or SOME RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS, COMMUNICATED TO THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON BY JOHN EVANS, F.S. .A., F.G.S., BON. SBC. NUM. SOC. LONDON: 1860. Stack Annex !:>01.5346 SOME RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. Read before the Numismatic Society, Jan. 26th, 1860.] r HAVE again the satisfaction of presenting to the Society a plate of ancient British coins, most ofof them hithetto un- published, and all of the highest degree of rarity. Unlike the last miscellaneous plate of these coins that I , drew, which consisted entirely of uninscrihed coins, these areall i11scribed, and comprise Specimens of the coinage of Cuno beline, Taseiovanus, Dubnovellaunus, and the Iceni, beside others of rather more doubtful attribution. l need not, however, make any prefatory remarks conceming them, hut will at once proceed to the description of the various coins, and the considerations which arc suggested by thei1· several types and inscriptions. T'he first three are of Cunobeline. No. 1. Obv. - CA-MVon either side of an ear of bearded corn, as usual on the gold coins of Cunobeline, hut rather more widely spread. The stalk terminating in an ornament shaped like Gothic trefoil. Rev.-CVNO beneath a horse, galloping, to the left; ahove, an ornament, in shape like the Prince of Wales' plume, resting on a reversed crescent. -
Caratacus Errata
Caratacus Module Errata & Clarifications February, 2008 Components Counters There are 60 counters provided with the module. Corrections and additions to the counters include: •• The Briton MI should be BI instead •• Togudumnus counter is missing. Use any TC from Caesar/Gaul substituting the following ratings: Order/Line Range is 4/7; Initiative is 4; Charisma is 2 •• Cnaeus Sentius (commander of the Batavians) should have the following ratings: Command Range is 3; Initiative is 3; Line Command is 1; Charisma is 1; Strategy is 6. He is not a Cavalry commander, but the leader of the Batavians. The Briton army contains the following units: •• 2 Overall Commanders (Caratacus and Togodumnus) •• 3 Subordinate commanders (Taximagulus, Cingetorix, and Segovax chiefs of the Trinovantes, Atrebates and Cantii, respectively) •• 30 LI with 30 CH •• 20 BI (the MI counters) •• 4 LC Not all of the counters included in the module are used in the battles. There are 8 extra Briton BI (masquerading as MI, to be sure). Please use only 20 of these (you could always use the extras to alter play balance. Better more than too few). There is an extra Briton LI and CH, although including them is not exactly going to alter the game to any great extent. The extra CH counters are used for the extra Brit LI, which always used chariots to get around town. Since the original publication of the module, GMT has added 40 counters. This set includes: •• 20 Briton BI to replace the 20 Briton MI from the original counter set •• Togodumnus •• Cn. Sentius (ignore the Cav designation on the counter) •• 4 Batavian MI and 2 Batavian LI •• 12 Testudo/Harass & Disperse Markers Applicable Errata for Caesar: Conquest of Gaul Ignore this section when using the Caesar: Conquest of Gaul 2nd Edition rules. -
Shakespeare on Travel in As You Like It and Othello
Selected Papers of the Ohio Valley Shakespeare Conference Volume 11 Article 4 2020 Knowing the World: Shakespeare on Travel in As You Like It and Othello David Summers Capital University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/spovsc Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Summers, David (2020) "Knowing the World: Shakespeare on Travel in As You Like It and Othello," Selected Papers of the Ohio Valley Shakespeare Conference: Vol. 11 , Article 4. Available at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/spovsc/vol11/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Literary Magazines at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Selected Papers of the Ohio Valley Shakespeare Conference by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Knowing the World: Shakespeare on Travel in As You Like It and Othello David Summers, Capital University etting to know the world through personal travel, particularly by means of the “semester abroad,” seems to G me to be one of the least controversial planks in the Humanities professors’ manifesto. However, reading Shakespeare with an eye toward determining his attitude toward travel creates a disjuncture between our conviction that travel generally, and studying abroad in particular, is an enriching experience, and Shakespeare’s tendency to hold the benefits of travel suspect. -
The Battlefield Role of the Classical Greek General
_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses The battlefield role of the Classical Greek general. Barley, N. D How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Barley, N. D (2012) The battlefield role of the Classical Greek general.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43080 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Swansea University Prifysgol Abertawe The Battlefield Role of the Classical Greek General N. D. Barley Ph.D. Submitted to the Department of History and Classics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 ProQuest Number: 10821472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Alexander and the 'Defeat' of the Sogdianian Revolt
Alexander the Great and the “Defeat” of the Sogdianian Revolt* Salvatore Vacante “A victory is twice itself when the achiever brings home full numbers” (W. Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act I, Scene I) (i) At the beginning of 329,1 the flight of the satrap Bessus towards the northeastern borders of the former Persian Empire gave Alexander the Great the timely opportunity for the invasion of Sogdiana.2 This ancient region was located between the Oxus (present Amu-Darya) and Iaxartes (Syr-Darya) Rivers, where we now find the modern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, bordering on the South with ancient Bactria (present Afghanistan). According to literary sources, the Macedonians rapidly occupied this large area with its “capital” Maracanda3 and also built, along the Iaxartes, the famous Alexandria Eschate, “the Farthermost.”4 However, during the same year, the Sogdianian nobles Spitamenes and Catanes5 were able to create a coalition of Sogdianians, Bactrians and Scythians, who created serious problems for Macedonian power in the region, forcing Alexander to return for the winter of 329/8 to the largest city of Bactria, Zariaspa-Bactra.6 The chiefs of the revolt were those who had *An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conflict Archaeology Postgraduate Conference organized by the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology of the University of Glasgow on October 7th – 9th 2011. 1 Except where differently indicated, all the dates are BCE. 2 Arr. 3.28.10-29.6. 3 Arr. 3.30.6; Curt. 7.6.10: modern Samarkand. According to Curtius, the city was surrounded by long walls (70 stades, i.e. -
Lucan's Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulf
Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Catherine Connors, Chair Alain Gowing Stephen Hinds Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2014 Laura Zientek University of Washington Abstract Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Catherine Connors Department of Classics This dissertation is an analysis of the role of landscape and the natural world in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. I investigate digressions and excurses on mountains, rivers, and certain myths associated aetiologically with the land, and demonstrate how Stoic physics and cosmology – in particular the concepts of cosmic (dis)order, collapse, and conflagration – play a role in the way Lucan writes about the landscape in the context of a civil war poem. Building on previous analyses of the Bellum Civile that provide background on its literary context (Ahl, 1976), on Lucan’s poetic technique (Masters, 1992), and on landscape in Roman literature (Spencer, 2010), I approach Lucan’s depiction of the natural world by focusing on the mutual effect of humanity and landscape on each other. Thus, hardships posed by the land against characters like Caesar and Cato, gloomy and threatening atmospheres, and dangerous or unusual weather phenomena all have places in my study. I also explore how Lucan’s landscapes engage with the tropes of the locus amoenus or horridus (Schiesaro, 2006) and elements of the sublime (Day, 2013). -
'J.E. Lloyd and His Intellectual Legacy: the Roman Conquest and Its Consequences Reconsidered' : Emyr W. Williams
J.E. Lloyd and his intellectual legacy: the Roman conquest and its consequences reconsidered,1 by E.W. Williams In an earlier article,2 the adequacy of J.E.Lloyd’s analysis of the territories ascribed to the pre-Roman tribes of Wales was considered. It was concluded that his concept of pre- Roman tribal boundaries contained major flaws. A significantly different map of those tribal territories was then presented. Lloyd’s analysis of the course and consequences of the Roman conquest of Wales was also revisited. He viewed Wales as having been conquered but remaining largely as a militarised zone throughout the Roman period. From the 1920s, Lloyd's analysis was taken up and elaborated by Welsh archaeology, then at an early stage of its development. It led to Nash-Williams’s concept of Wales as ‘a great defensive quadrilateral’ centred on the legionary fortresses at Chester and Caerleon. During recent decades whilst Nash-Williams’s perspective has been abandoned by Welsh archaeology, it has been absorbed in an elaborated form into the narrative of Welsh history. As a consequence, whilst Welsh history still sustains a version of Lloyd’s original thesis, the archaeological community is moving in the opposite direction. Present day archaeology regards the subjugation of Wales as having been completed by 78 A.D., with the conquest laying the foundations for a subsequent process of assimilation of the native population into Roman society. By the middle of the 2nd century A.D., that development provided the basis for a major demilitarisation of Wales. My aim in this article is to cast further light on the course of the Roman conquest of Wales and the subsequent process of assimilating the native population into Roman civil society. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses A study of the client kings in the early Roman period Everatt, J. D. How to cite: Everatt, J. D. (1972) A study of the client kings in the early Roman period, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10140/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk .UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM Department of Classics .A STUDY OF THE CLIENT KINSS IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE J_. D. EVERATT M.A. Thesis, 1972. M.A. Thesis Abstract. J. D. Everatt, B.A. Hatfield College. A Study of the Client Kings in the early Roman Empire When the city-state of Rome began to exert her influence throughout the Mediterranean, the ruling classes developed friendships and alliances with the rulers of the various kingdoms with whom contact was made. -
Togodumnus ?= Togidubnus This Name (Or Names) Has Been Much Discussed, for Example Here
Togodumnus ?= Togidubnus This name (or names) has been much discussed, for example here. During the Roman conquest of Britain, according to Cassius Dio 60,20: ‘Plautius, accordingly, had a deal of trouble in searching them out; but when at last he did find them, he first defeated Caratacus and then Togodumnus, the sons of Cynobellinus, who was dead. (The Britons were not free and independent, but were divided into groups under various kings.) After the flight of these kings he gained by capitulation a part of the Bodunni, who were ruled by a tribe of the Catuellani; and leaving a garrison there, he advanced farther and came to a river.’ [Ὁ οὖν Πλαύτιος πολλὰ μὲν πράγματα ἀναζητῶν σφας ἔσχεν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εὗρέ ποτε (ἦσαν δὲ οὐκ αὐτόνομοι ἀλλ'ἄλλοι ἄλλοις βασιλεῦσι προστεταγμένοι), πρῶτον μὲν Καράτακον ἔπειτα Τογόδουμνον, Κυνοβελλίνου παῖδας, ἐνίκησεν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐτεθνήκει. Φυγόντων δὲ ἐκείνων προσεποιήσατο ὁμολογίᾳ μέρος τι τῶν Βοδούννων, ὧν ἐπῆρχον Κατουελλανοὶ ὄντες, κἀνταῦθα φρουρὰν καταλιπὼν πρόσω ᾔει.] The beginning of the next section is usually translated as ‘Shortly afterwards Togodumnus perished, but the Britons, so far from yielding, united all the more firmly to avenge his death. [Διά τε οὖν τοῦτο, καὶ ὅτι καὶ τοῦ Τογοδούμνου φθαρέντος οἱ Βρεττανοὶ οὐχ ὅσον ἐνέδοσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὴν τιμωρίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπισυνέστησαν] These texts are unambiguous in stating that Τογοδουμνος was one of two sons of the late king Κυνοβελλινος, but to claim that he died (and how) may be over-interpretation. See below. In recounting the history of Roman Britain, Tacitus wrote (in Agricola 14): ‘Aulus Plautius was the first governor of consular rank, and Ostorius Scapula the next. -
CHARLES FUSSELL: CYMBELINE CHARLES FUSSELL B
CHARLES FUSSELL: CYMBELINE CHARLES FUSSELL b. 1938 CYMBELINE: DRAMA AFTER SHAKESPEARE (1984, rev. 1996) CYMBELINE [1] I. Prelude 4:03 [2] II. Duet: Imogen and Posthumus 3:26 [3] III. Interlude 1:39 [4] IV. Aria: Iachimo 1:10 [5] V. Imogen 3:39 [6] VI. Scene with Arias: Iachimo 10:19 [7] VII. Interlude 2:14 [8] VIII. Scene: Cloten 1:21 [9] IX. Song: Cloten 3:22 [10] X. Recitative and Arioso: Imogen and Belarius 3:04 ALIANA DE LA GUARDIA soprano [11] XI. Duet, Dirge: Guiderius and Arviragus 3:58 MATTHEW DiBATTISTA tenor [12] XII. Battle with Victory March 4:05 DAVID SALSBERY FRY narrator [13] XIII. Scene: Ghosts (Mother and Sicilius) and Jupiter 5:17 [14] XIV. Duet: Imogen and Posthumus 3:07 BOSTON MODERN ORCHESTRA PROJECT [15] XV. Finale: Soothsayer and Cymbeline 4:14 Gil Rose, conductor TOTAL 55:02 COMMENT By Charles Fussell The idea of a musical depiction of this work came as a result of seeing the Hartford Stage productions of Shakespeare. Their Cymbeline, directed by Mark Lamos (who later moved to opera), ended with an unforgettable scene between Imogen and her husband: “Why did you throw your wedded lady from you? Think that you are upon a rock and throw me again.” His reply, “Hang there like fruit, my soul, till the tree die.” This exchange touched me deeply and really convinced me to try some music for the songs that appear in the play as well as this beautiful expression of love. I noticed the familiar “Hark, hark the lark” was sung by the frightful Cloten. -
Human Rights, Social Welfare, and Greek Philosophy Legitimate
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: H Interdisciplinary Volume 15 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Human Rights, Social Welfare, and Greek Philosophy Legitimate Reasons for the Invasion of Britain by Claudius By Tomoyo Takahashi University of California, United States Abstract- In 43 AD, the fourth emperor of Imperial Rome, Tiberius Claudius Drusus, organized his military and invaded Britain. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the legitimate reasons for The Invasion of Britain led by Claudius. Before the invasion, his had an unfortunate life. He was physically distorted, so no one gave him an official position. However, one day, something unimaginable happened. He found himself selected by the Praetorian Guard to be the new emperor of Roma. Many scholars generally agree Claudius was eager to overcome his physical disabilities and low expectations to secure his position as new Emperor in Rome by military success in Britain. Although his personal motivation was understandable, it was not sufficient enough for Imperial Rome to legitimize the invasion of Britain. It is important to separate personal reasons and official reasons. Keywords: (1) roman, (2) britain, (3) claudius, (4) roman emperor, (5) colonies, (6) slavery, (7) colchester, (8) veterans, (9) legitimacy. GJHSS-H Classification: FOR Code: 180114 HumanRightsSocialWelfareandGreekPhilosophyLegitimateReasonsfortheInvasionofBritainbyClaudius Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Tomoyo Takahashi. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
CN May 37-44.Indd
In focus CHRIS RUDD Same king in two places? Or two kings with the same name? ID the same Celtic king rule in East Anglia and the West Midlands? If so, when did he go west and why? Or were there two kings with the same name, ruling at roughly the same time? If so, why did they inscribe their names in the same way? Who copied whom? And who was Arviragus? Was he the same person as Antedrigus? Was he the second Dson of Cunobelinus? Or was the chronicler Geoff rey of Monmouth fi bbing? I can’t answer all these questions. But I can tell you a bit about the controversial coin which is causing them to be asked again. In 1994/95 Terry Howard, a professional musician, went On the obverse there is a branched symbol sprouting from metal detecting and found an exceedingly rare gold coin near a ringed pellet, which I interpret as a druidic “Tree of Life” South Cerney, Gloucestershire, not far from where he also symbol growing out of the sun. Turn it upside down and it found an enamelled “horse brass” of regal quality. He reported looks like a stylised skull and rib cage—a symbol of mortality. his fi nds to the Corinium Museum in Cirencester. Terry’s coin, On the reverse we see a stylised and somewhat disjointed which is coming up for auction in May this year, is a gold stater horse with three tails, not unlike the Uffi ngton White Horse that was struck in the late Iron Age by Anted, a king of the carved out of a chalk hillside over 2,500 years ago (only around Dobunni tribe in the West Midlands, some time around AD 18 miles from where this coin was found).