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Eesti Kogukond Leedus EESTI JA EESTLUS LEEDUS ESTIJA IR ESTŲ BENDRUOMENĖ LIETUVOJE ESTONIA AND ESTONIAN COMMUNITY IN LITHUANIA Giedraičiai-Vilnius AD MMXIX KOOSTAJA × SUDARYTOJA × COMPILED BY Merike Ivask SISUKORD × TURINYS × CONTENTS TÕLGE × VERTIMAS × TRANSLATED BY Anna Golubeva (inglise/anglų/English), Pille Väljataga/Pillė Veljataga (leedu/ lietuvių/Lithuanian) KÜLJENDAJA × MAKETAVO × LAYOUT BY Tarmo Käärik TRÜKK × SPAUDA × PRINT BY UAB BALTO print RAAMATUS on kasutatud Eesti Ajalooarhiivi, Eesti Riigiarhiivi, Eesti Filmiarhiivi, Vilno sõjakool — tulevase Eesti Vabariigi ohvitseride kasvulava 9 Eesti suursaatkonna Vilniuses ja erakogudesse kuuluvaid fotosid. KNYGOJE Vilniaus karo mokykla — būsimųjų Estijos Respublikos karininkų kalvė 9 panaudotos Estijos istorijos archyve, Estijos valstybės archyve, Estijos filmų archyve, Estijos ambasadoje Vilniuje ir privačiuose rinkiniuose saugomos fo- Eesti saatkond Kaunases. Eellugu 22 tografijos. THE BOOK uses photographs from the Historic Archives of Estonia, Estijos pasiuntinybė Kaune. Įžanga 22 National Archives of Estonia, the Estonian Film Archives as well as photographs belonging to the Estonian Embassy in Vilnius and private collections. Vastastikune tunnustamine ja saatkond Kaunases 25 Tarpusavio pripažinimas ir pasiuntinybė Kaune 25 Vilno Military School — Nursery of Officers of the Future Republic of Estonia 41 Estonian Embassy in Kaunas. Background 46 Mutual Acknowledgement and Embassy in Kaunas 48 Leedu eestlaskond kahe sõja vahel 57 Tarpukario Lietuvos estų bendruomenė 57 Kaunase Eesti Selts 61 Kauno estų draugija 61 Seltsi üritused 65 Draugijos renginiai 65 Vabariigi aastapäevade t ähistamised 69 Respublikos metinių paminėjimai 69 Välis-Eesti liikumine 74 Išeivijos estų sąjūdis 74 Kultuuri- ja sõprussuhteid 82 Kultūriniai ir draugystės ryšiai 82 The Estonian Community of Lithuania Between the Two Wars 91 Estonian Society of Kaunas 93 Society Events 96 Celebrations of the Republic Anniversary 98 Foreign-Estonia Movement 101 Culture and Friendly Relations 105 Baaside leping, rahutud ajad, juunipööre 110 Sutartis dėl karinių bazių, neramūs laikai, birželio perversmas 110 Sõpruslinnad 114 Miestų draugystė 114 Taasiseseisvumine ja Vilniuse saatkonna saamislugu 119 Nepriklausomybė ir ambasados Vilniuje įsteigimo istorija 119 Aukonsulid ja -konsulaadid 129 Garbės konsulai ir konsulatai 129 Euroopa Liit ja NATO, kuid mitte ainult 132 Europs sąjunga ir NATO, bet ne tik 132 Eesti keel ja kultuur Vilniuse ülikoolis 136 Estų kalba ir kultūra Vilniaus universitete 136 Soojad suhted riikide vahel 142 Šilti santykiai tarp valstybių 142 Kaubandus-tööstussuhted 146 © Leedu Eestlaste Selts × Lietuvos estų draugija, koostaja ja autorid. 2019 ISBN 978-609-96078-1-8 (trükis) Prekybos ir pramonės ryšiai 146 ISBN 978-609-96078-0-1 (pdf) Balti riikide sõjalise koostöö kolm vaala 150 Baltijos valstybių karinio bendradarbiavimo „trys banginiai“ 150 Poliitilised kemplused 156 Politiniai kivirčai 156 Military Installations Agreement, Troubling Times, the June Insurrection 159 Twin Cities 162 Regaining of Independence and the History of Establishment of the Embassy in Vilnius 165 Honourary Consuls and Consulates 170 European Union and NATO, But Not Only 172 Estonian Language and Culture in the University of Vilnius 175 Warm Relations between the Countries 179 Commercial and Industrial Relations 182 Three Whales of the Military Cooperation of the Baltic States 185 Political Dissensions 188 Eesti ja Leedu kultuurisuhted 191 Kultūriniai ryšiai tarp Estijos ir Lietuvos 191 Viimased aastad 202 Pastarieji metai 202 Eesti kogukond Leedus 212 Estų bendruomenė Lietuvoje 212 Estonian and Lithuanian Cultural Relations 249 Recent Years 255 Estonian Community in Lithuania 259 Viited 277 Nuorodos 280 Notes 283 Ükskõik, kus ma ka elaksin, jääb kõik eestlasena läbielatu ja praegu Eestis toi- muv osakeseks minust, selle meenutamine ja mõnikord uuesti oma kogemusest mõel- des, taasloon end eestlasena. Minu eestlus ei lõppe, ei seisa paigal, elan selles edasi. Samavõrd kui Eestis toimuv ja Eesti riigi käekäik, läheb mulle korda Leedu riigi saatus. Teen oma väikeseid tegusid edasi, lootes, et need aitavad midagi parendada kummaski riigis. Mari-Liis Kur begyvenčiau, dalele manęs yra tapę visa, ką patyriau būdama este ir kas dabar vyksta Estijoje. Prisimindama, kartais naujai apmąstydama savo patir- tis, pasijuntu esanti estė. Mano estiškoji savastis nesibaigia, nesustoja vietoje, joje gyvenu toliau. Kaip ir įvykiai Estijoje bei Estijos valstybės sėkmė, man svarbi ir Lietuvos valstybės ateitis. Vis darau savo mažus darbus, vildamasi, kad jie padės ką nors pagerinti abejose valstybėse. Mari-Liis 2018 / Liia Urmani erakogu Endise Vilno sõjakooli seinal avatakse Johan Laidoneri mälestustahvel VILNO SÕJAKOOL — TULEVASE Rahvuslike ideede levimisel sai iga EESTI VABARIIGI OHVITSERIDE vähegi nutikama ja jõukama inimese KASVULAVA sooviks vähemalt üks laps kooli saata ja temast teha õppetud mees. Paljud noor- mehed kasutasid tasuta hariduse saamise võimalust sõjakoolides, mis tuli hiljem kasuks noorele Eesti Vabariigile ja oli eel- duseks oma vägede loomisel. Rahvusväeosad ja Vabadussõja lahin- gute käigus esile tõusnud Eesti ohvitser- kond ei tekkinud tühjale kohale. Oluliseks tähiseks ohvitserkonna kujunemisel olid Krimmi sõja järel, 1860. aastatel, toimu- nud sõjaväereformid. Sellega asutati ka junkrukoolid, kuhu astumisel võrreldes sõjakoolidega kehtis madalam hariduslik tsensus ning alates 1869. aastast võisid sinna astuda ka teenistuses silma paist- nud sõdurid ja allohvitserid. Junkrukooli lõpetanu võis omandada kõrgemat sõja- väelist haridust. Kui 1914. aasta suvel moodustasid eesti rahvusest kaadriohvit- serid ca 0,6% Vene ohvitserikorpusest, siis 8 9 VILNIAUS KARO MOKYKLA — Tautiškumo idėjoms plintant kiekvie- BŪSIMŲJŲ ESTIJOS RESPUBLI- nas praprusęs ir prasigyvenęs žmogus KOS KARININKŲ KALVĖ troško bent vieną iš sūnų pasiųsti mokytis kad taptų išsilaviniusiu. Daugelis jaunuo- lių pasinaudodavo galimybe nemokamai gauti išsilavinimą karo mokyklose ir vėliau tai davė naudos jaunai Estijos Respublikai, steigusiai savo armiją. Rusijos armijoje Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metu suformuotuose estų tautybės kariškių padaliniuose („Rahvusväeosad“) ir Estijos nepriklausomybės karo metu iškilusi karininkija neatsirado tuščioje vietoje. Esminis veiksnys, lėmęs karinin- kijos susiformavimą buvo karinių pajėgų reforma, įvykdyta 1860-siais, pasibaigus Krymo karui. Ją vykdant buvo įsteigtos ir junkerių mokyklos, į kurias stojantiesiems pakako žemesnio išsilavinimo cenzo negu kad stojantiems į karininkų mokyklas ir 10.02.2006 / LES nuo 1869-jų į jas galėjo stoti tarnyboje pasižymėję kareiviai bei puskarininkiai. Atminimo lentos Johanui Laidoneriui ant buvusio Vilniaus karo mokyklos pastato atidengimas Soomusrongi divisjoni ülem kapten Karl Parts raporteerib pärast Pihkva vallutamist Sõjavägede ülemjuhataja kindral Laidoner vestlemas vene valgete partisanide Eesti vägede poolt sõjavägede ülemjuhatajale kindralmajor Laidonerile. salga ülema polkovnik Bułak-Bałachowicziga Pihkva raudteejaama esisel Paremal 2. diviisi ülem polkovnik Viktor Puskar, kes samuti oli lõpetanud Vilno sõjakooli A.57.A-269-112 kel / EF kel 1919, Karl A 1919 / EAA.2281.1.27.39p.224 Estijos kariuomenių vyriausiasis vadas Johanas Laidoneris šnekučiuojasi su rusų baltagvardiečių Šarvuoto traukinio divizijos vyresnysis kapitonas Karlas Partsas raportuoja Pihkvą partizanų būrio vadu pulkininku Bułak-Bałachowiczi’umi prie Pihkva geležinkelio stoties užėmusios Estijos karuomenės vyriausiajam vadui generolui majorui Johanui Laidoneriui. Dešinėje II divizijos pulkininkas Viktoras Puskaras, taip pat Vilniaus karo mokyklos auklėtinis 10 11 Eesti ja Loodearmee juhid Pihkva vallutamise järel. Eesti vägede ülemjuhataja Johan Laidoner (X); polkovnik Karl Parts (XX); kindral Ernst Põdder; polkovnik Viktor Puskar (―); polkovnik, Vabadussõja juhid-diviisiülemad. Vasakult paremale: Soomusrongide polkovnik Karl Parts; hilisem Loodearmee kindralmajor Stanisław Marian Bułak- Bałachowicz (=). 3. diviisi-kindralmajor Ernst Põdder; 1. diviisi kindralmajor Aleksander Tõnisson; Laidoner, Põdder ja Puskar olid Vilno kasvandikud 2. diviisi-polkovnik Viktor Puskar. Viimased kolm olid lõpetanud Vilno sõjakooli 1919 / EAA.2281.1.27.40.228 / EAA.5166.1.137.11 Tallinnas Parikas &P. 20. sajandi I pool, J. Estijos ir carinės Rusijos Šiaurės vakarų armijos vadai po Pihkva užėmimo. Nepriklausomybės karo vadai — divizijų vadai. Iš kairės į dešinę: Šarvuotų traukinių divizijos Estijos kariuomenių vyriausiasis vadas Johanas Laidoneris (X); pulkininkas Karlas Partsas (XX); pulkininkas Karlas Partsas; III divizijos — generolas majoras Ernstas Põdderis; generolas Ernstas Põdderis; pulkininkas Viktoras Puskaras (―); pulkininkas, carinės Rusijos Šiaurės I divizijos generolas majoras Aleksandras Tõnissonas; II divizijos pulkininkas vakarų armijos generolas majoras Stanislovas Marianas Bułak-Bałachowiczius (=). Viktoras Puskaras. Pastarieji trys baigė Vilniaus karo mokyklą Laidoneris, Põdderis ir Puskaras buvo Vilniaus karo mokyklos auklėtiniai Lennuvõistlused Lasnamäe lennuväljal. Vasakult 1. kaitseminister August Kerem, Vabadussõda. 3. diviisi tagavarapataljoni ja Pärnu garnisoni ülem kapten 2. riigivanem Karl Einbund, 4. Vilno sõjakooli lõpetanud õhukaitseülem kolonel Oskar Raudvere koos abikaasaga diviisi pataljoni tööroodu hoovis Richard Tomberg, kes kindralitest ainsana jäi ellu Nõukogude vangilaagrites 29.12.1919, Pärnus / EFA.51.A-266-121 29.12.1919, Pärnus 1932 / EFA.77.A-11-79 Nepriklausomybės karas. III Divizijos atsarginio
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