1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 191 oath of office to Mr. RADWAN, form pre SELECTION OF MAJORITY WHIP HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scribed by section 1757 of the Revised Stat utes of the United States, being the form Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I MoNDAY, JANUARY 10, 1955 of oath administered to Members of the desire to make an announcement. House of Representatives, to which Mr. RAD Those Members who served in the 83d The House met at 12 o'clock noon. WAN subscribed. and past Congresses know that the dis Dr. Frank F. Warren, president of I have the honor to be, tinguished gentleman from Tennessee, Yours respectfully, Mr. PRIEST, has been the Democratic Whitworth College, Spokane, Wash., of EDWARD A. RATH, fered the following prayer: whip. County Clerk, Erie County, N. Y. Mr. PRIEST now assumes the very re Eternal God our Father, in the spirit Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, sponsible position of chairman of the of reverence we would come into Thy I offer a resolution economic strength own domestic economy and help assure .tion of the tariff structure was taken by among our allies is essential to our secu a rising standard of living among our .the Congress last year with the passage rity; (2) economic .growth in under people by opening new markets for our of the Customs Simplification Act which developed areas is necessary to lessen farms and factories and mines. directs the· Tariff Commission to study international instability growing out of The program that I am here recom the difficulties of commodity classifica tion of imports. The interim report of the vulnerability of such areas to Com ~ mending is moderate, gradual, and re• munist penetration and subversion; anQ. ciprocal: Radical or sudden tariff re the Tariff Commission to be made by next <3> an increasing volume of world pro .. ductions would not be to the interest of March 15 should help enable the Con duction and trade will help assure our the United States and would not accom gress to determine whether further leg own economic growth and a rising stand plish the goal we seek. A moderate pro islative steps should then be taken or ard of living among our own people. gram, however, can add immeasurably to should await submission of the final re- port. · In the worldwide struggle between the the security and well-being of the United forces of freedom and those of cdmmu .states and the rest of the free world. The uncertainties and confusion aris nism, we have wisely recognized that the TRADE AGREEMENT AUTHORITY .ing from the complex system of valua security of each nation in the free world I request a 3-year extension of Pres tion on imported articles cause unwar is dependent upon the security of- all idential authority to negotiate ·tariff ranted delays in the determination of other nations in the free world . .The reductions with other nations on a grad customs duties. I urge the Congnss measure of that security in turn is de ual, selective, and reciprocal basis. to give favorable consideration to leg pendent upon the economic strength· of This authority would permit negotia isl~tion for remedying this situation. all free nations, for without economic tions for reductions in those barriers The improvement of customs admin strength they cannot support the mili~ that now limit the markets for our goods istration requires continuous effort as tary establishments that are necessary throughout the world. I shall ask all the Congress recognized by enacting' the to deter Communist armed aggressioa nation~ with whom we trade to take sim Customs Simplification Acts of 1953 and Economic strength is indispensable, as ilar steps in their relations with each 1~54. The Treasury Departm ~ ! nt in its well, in securing themselves against in other. . annual report to the Congress will re ternal Communist subversion. · The 3-year extension of the Trade view. the remaining reasons for delay or For every country in the free world .Agreements Act should authorize sub difficulty in processing imported articles economic strength is dependen';; upon ject t~ the present peril and ~scape through customs and will propose still high levels of economic activity inter-:o clause provisions: · ·further technical amendments to sim:. nally and high levels of international · 1. Reduction, through multilateral plify customs procedures. t~ade. No nation can be economically and reciprocal negotiations, of tariff UNITED STATES INVESTM-ENT ABROAD self-sufficient. Nations must buy from rates on selected commodities by not · The whole free world needs capital; other nations, and in order to pay for more than 5 percent per year for 3 years; Amer1ca is its largest source. In that what they buy they must sell. It is es 2. Reduction, through multilateral light, the flow of capital abroad from our sential for the security of the United and reciprocal negotiations, of any tariff ' country must be stimulated and in such 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 193 a manner that it results in investment United States participation in techni-· volume of world trade and investment. largely by individuals or private enter cal cooperation programs should be car The achievement of convertibility has prises rather than by Government. ried forward. These programs should be not been possible in the postwar period An increased flow of United States pri concerned with know-how rather than due to dislocations caused by the war, vate investment funds abroad, especially large funds. In my budget message next inflation, and other domestic economic to the underdeveloped areas, could con week, I shall recommend that the Con difficulties in many countries, which ha've tribute much to the expansion of two gress make available the funds required contributed to an imbalance in interna~ way international trade. The underde to support the multilateral technical co tional trade and payments. However, veloped countries would thus be enabled operation programs of the United Na steady progress, particularly by Western more easily to acquire the capital equip tions. The bilateral programs of the European countries, is being made to ment so badly needed by them to achieve United States should be pressed vigor ward our mutual objective of restoring sound economic growth and higher liv ously. currency convertibility. The foreign ing standards. This would do much INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL economic program proposed here will to offset the false but alluring promises The United States remains committed make an important contribution to the of the Communists. to the objective of freedom of travel achievement of convertibility. To facilitate the investment of capital throughout the world. Encouragement AGRICt!LTURE abroad I recommend enactment of legis given to travel abroad is extremely im No single group within America has a lation providing fer taxation of business portant both for its cultural and social greater stake in a healthy and expanding income from foreign subsidiaries or importance in the free world, and fo~ its branches at a rate 14 percentage points foreign trade than the farmers. One.. economic benefits. Travel abroad by fourth to one-third of some major crops, lower than the corporate rate on domes Americans provides an important source such as wheat, cotton, and toba~co, must tic income, and a deferral of tax on in of dollars for many countries. The come of foreign branches until it is re find markets abroad in order to main· executive branch shall continue to look tain farm income at high levels. moved from the country where it is for ways of facilitating ·international earned. travel and shall continue to cooperate · If they are to be successful, programs I propose also to explore the further with private travel agencies. designated to promote the prosperity of use of tax treaties with the possible rec One legislative action that would be agriculture should be consistent with our ognition of tax concessions made to for beneficial in this field is the increase foreign economic program. We must eign capital by other countries. Under of the present duty-free allowances for take due account of the effect of any proper safeguards, credit could be given. tourists from $500 to $1,000 exercisable agricultural program on our foreign eco for foreign income taxes which are every 6 months. I recommend the pas nomic relations to assure that it con waived for an initial limited period, as sage of such legislation. tributes to the development of healthy, expanding foreign markets over the we now grant credit for taxes which are TRADE FAIRS imposed. This would give maximum. years. effectiveness to foreign tax laws designed International trade fairs have been of CONCLUSION to encourage new enterprises. major importance to foreign countries · The series of recommendations I have for many years, and most of ·the trading just made are all components of an inte As a further step· to stimulate invest nations have strengthened the promo ment abroad, I recommend approval by· tional aspects of their industrial displays grated program, pointing in a single di the Congress at the apprdpriate time of in many fairs with a central exhibit de rection. Each contributes to the whole. membership in the proposed Interna- signed to emphasize the industrial prog Each advances our national security by tional Finance Corporation, which will ress and achievement of the nation. bringing added strength and self be affiliated with the International Bank Soviet and satellite exhibits, for ex sufficiency to our allies. Each contri· for Reconstruction and Development. ample, have been costly, well planned, butes to our economic growth and a ris This Corporation ·will be designed to in ing standard of living among our people; crease private investment in less devel-· and housed in expensive structures de oped countries by making loans without signed to convey the impression that the DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. Government gUaranties. Although the U. s. S. R. is producing on a large scale THE WHITE HOUSE, January 10,1955. Corporation will not ·purchase stock, it for peace and is creating a paradise for· will provide venture capital through in- workers. vesting in debentures and similar obliga The United States, which has a larger PERMISSION TO CONSIDER EMER-· tions. Its operation will cover a field volume of international trade than any GENCY APPROPRIATION BILL ON not dealt with by an existing institution. other nation, until recently has been· THURSDAY conspicuous by its absence at these trade The executive branch will continue fairs. American visitors and partici Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I ask through our diplomatic representatives pants have pointed out the failure of unanimous consent that the Committee abroad to encourage a climate favorable their Government to tell adequately the on Appropriations have leave on Thurs to the private enterprise concept in in story of our free-enterprise system and day next to report and take up for con-· vestment. to provide effective international trade sideration an emergency appropriation We shall continue to seek other new promotion cooperation.· bill. ways to enlarge the outward flow of As a result, I have undertaken an in I may say, Mr. Speaker, that funds capital. . ~ ternational trade fair program under the It must be recognized, however,· that. appropriated by this bill will be needed direction of the Department of Com before the close of the week, and for when Americ~=tn private capital moves ~erce. Since the inauguration of this that reason, if I have the. approval of abroad lt properly expects to bring home program in August, participation has its fair reward. This can only be ac the gentleman from ·New York [Mr. complished in the last analysis by our been authorized in 11 fairs to be held TABER], ·I ask that the committee be willingness to purchase more goods and before June 30: Sixteen additional fairs permitted to bring it. up on the day re· services from abroad in order to provide are being considered for exhibition pur-· ported, the 3-day rule to the contrary the dollars for these growing remit-· poses in the latter part of the year. . The notwithstanding. · The bill is otherwise tances. This fact is a fu:r;ther compel-:" . first fair in which the United -states pre privileged for immediate consideration. ling reason for a fair and forward-look-· sented a central exhibit is that at Bang · Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving ing trade policy on our J?art. kok, which opened December 7, 1954. At" the right to object, I can see nothing for TECHNICAL -COOPERATION - it our exhibit was. awarded first prize. us to do except to pass some bill along Over 100 American companies supplied. the line of the budget estimate that will The United States has a vast store of items for inclusion· in it. practical and scentific know-hO'W that is. be presented. Therefore, I shall· not needed in the underdeveloped areas of· , I shall ask the Congress for funds to· object. the world. The United States has a re ~ontinue this program."_ . . · ·The SPEAKER. Is there objection sponsibility to make it available. Its CONVERTIBILITY to the request of the g~ntleman from now· for peaceful purposes must remain: Convertibility of cuirimcies is required Mi8souri {Mr. CANNON]? unfettered. f<>r the development of a steadily rising There was no objection. CI--13 194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 10 REPORT ON ACTIVITIES UNDER POSITIONS OF SECRETARY, LEGIS obtained unanimous consent in relation PUBLIC LAW 480-MESSAGE FROM LATIVE CLERK, CLERK, ADDI to bringing up certain emergency appro THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED TIONAL CLERK, ASSISTANT priation items on Thursday next. That STATES (H. DOC. NO. 62) CLERK, AND STENOGRAPHER IN resolution, including those items, will THE MAJORITY LEADER'S OFFICE come up at that time with my under The SPEAKER laid before the House standing that they are noncontroversial, the following message from the Presi Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I so there will be no rollcall. Those items dent of the United States, which was ask unanimous consent for the imme would not come out of committee unless read, and, together with the accompany diate consideration of a resolution Chicago. There was no objection. tute by R. Houston Jewell, vice president He was educated in the schools of that Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, may I of the Crystal Springs Bleachery, of city and studied law at Northwestern call the attention of the membership of Chickamauga, Ga., and Mr. Robert University. When 20 years of age he de the House to the special order granted Jackson the executive vice president of cided to go West. He settled in the little this afternoon to my colleague the gen the American Cotton Manufacturers lumbering, S'eaport town of Hoquiam, tleman from Texas [Mr. IKARD J to speak Institute, Inc. Wash. In Hoquiam he did accounting on the subject of the authority of the This statement is a most illuminating while pursuing his studies of the law. Federal Power Commission to set field and really an alarming one and I hope In 1912, when only 21 years of age, Mar prices on natural gas. Mr. IKARD'S it will be read by every Member of this t in Smith was admitted to the Wash speech will deal with the decision ren House in whose district cotton textiles ington State bar. dered by the Supreme Court in the so are produced. He served as a private in World War I. called Phillips case in June of last year. In the name of protecting Japan it Always interested in politics, Martin If you are from oil- and gas-produc looks like the bright-eyed boys in the Smith served his city as municipal judge, ing areas, you are, of course, intensely State Department and the do-gooders as councilman and later as its mayor, interested in this decision and will be in are willing to destroy the American cot winning the office by the largest major terested in hearing my colleague's dis ton textile industry. Japan was for ity ever obtained by any mayoralty cussion. If you represent areas where merly our enemy and it was due to the candidate. Later, in 1932, he was nqmi natural gas is consumed, you will be in impressive record of the cotton industry nated on the Democratic ticket for Con terested in what he has to say from that that we were able to clothe our soldiers gress from the Third District and in standpoint. This should include many and give them tents under which to sleep November 1932 became the first Demo Members of the House of Representa and be protected from the elements thus cratic candidate in the then 22-year tives, but if it does not include all, then aiding us to defeat Japan and the other history of the district ever to carry it. I call your attention to the fact that a members of the Axis. Shall we now de He won reelection to Congress 4 fundamental philosophy is involved. It stroy our cotton textile industry just times, serving a · total of 10 years. has to do with whether we allow govern to prevent Japan from trading with other The Third District of Washington is ment by bureaucracy and a further con nations? The question answers itself. in fact a peninsula. It is bounded for trol of a vital industry by the Federal I am sure that we are not going to stand its full length on the west by the Pa Government. by and see this happen to one of the cific Ocean, on the south by the navi If you are from an oil- and gas-pro great industries of our country. gable waters of the great Columbia River, ducing area, you will be interested in Mr. I have today introduced a bill which and on the north by the navigable waters IKARD's discussion of how this decision would prevent the President from enter o{ Puget Sound. The Third District of and the orders of the Federal Power ing into any trade agreements with any Washington has more ports than any Commission will affect this most impor country that would further reduce the congr~ssional district. i~ the Nation. . tant industry. If you are from those tariffs on textiles. Already they have CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 197, been drastically reduced and to reduce from the list of negotiable items that they bargo against textiles from the United States them further would be a peril threaten~ are most tenderly treated. and incidentally from Japan. The same 1m- · Stating our proposition in positive terms, port restrictions have also been typical of ing the very life of the industry. I will the list supports strongly the conviction that most of the underdeveloped countries of the have more to say about this threat as the the tariff program of the United States, as world and have been strengthened by a con year goes on if any attempt is made to currently set up, strikes at the little fellows, tinued uptrend of textile tariff rates in most lower these tariffs. especially those who most need protection. countries. TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS ON AMERICAN COTTON It is a program which threatens to under Despite all these developments, the United MANUFACTURES A!'{D RELATED ITEMS IN mine the small business of America. It is a States has not only kept faith in its conces FORTHCOMING AGREEMENTS WITH JAPAN AND program that admits that a number of in sions, but has generalized them to all the OTHER CouNTRIES dustries will be hurt and that Government free countries. As a consequence Japan has (Statement before the Committee for Reci aids and subsidies will have to be relied on become the chief beneficiary. Her exports to procity Information, December 21, 1954, of to put the bread of charity into the mouths the United States exceed those of all other the American Cotton Manufacturers Insti of their workers. We now know what indus countries combined and currently our im tute presented by R. Houston Jewell, vice ·tries and activities are in danger. Cotton ports from Japan are sharply rising. Contin president, Crystal Springs Bleachery, and agriculture, threatened by tariff ~eductions uance of this trend will make American Robert C. Jackson, executive vice presi on synthetic yarns, is a great segment of our. tariff rates a matter of little importance to economy. But, it is made up of little fellows. the United Kingdom and the countries· of dent, American Cotton Manufacturers In The cotton-manufacturing industry of the stitute, Inc.) Western Europe. Whatever our rates may United States, taken as a whole, is a giant be, Western Europe will be unable to com (Other associations expressly endorsing this industry with an invested capital of more pete with Japan in the American market statement: Association of Cotton Textile than $6 billion and an army of workers ex Merchants, the Narrow Fabrics Association, except on limited ranges of specialty goods. ceeding a million and a quarter. But its com The truth is that the United Kingdom National Association of Cotton Manufac ponent parts are mostly little fellows. Sev turers, Southern Garment Manufacturers and all of the textile-manufacturing coun enty-five percent of the industry is made up tries of Europe fear Japanese competition Association, the Thread Institute, Tufted of small independent units, no one of which Textile Fabrics Association, the Underwear quite as much as does the American in has as much as 1 percent of the total dustry, even though their manufacturing Institute, the Yarn Distributors Associa business. tion) costs are lower than those of the United The great iron and steel industry, whose States. The cotton manufactures to be considered giant proportions tax the imagination, For a long period proponents of lower for tariff concessions in forthcoming trade comes under Schedule III, Metals and Manu tariffs have declared that lower wages in agreements comprise almost the entire cloth facturers of. There is listed there thumb foreign countries were offset by correspond production of the American cotton textile tacks, needles, nail files, surgical and dental ingly lower efficiencies. Textile manage industry. It includes all countable cotton instruments, shotguns and pistols. As an ments know that this is not so. Japan now cloth, that is, cloth which can be basically example of complete mopping up on a little has a cotton-manufacturing industry whose described by the number of threads per inch fellow is the inclusion of bicycle bells, which efficiency is equal to or above the industries and by yarn numbers and by weight. In is about all that is left of the bicycle indus of Europe and which compares favorably addition, the list covers the products of the try. And so it goes throughout the entire with the average efficiency of the American industry's chief customers. This coverage list, whether we look at chinaware and glass industry. includes most apparel items made either of ware, or agricultural products where the di woven or knitted fabrics, with the single rect targets are the poultrymen, the fisher The Japanese industry is new. At the end of World War II, its residue of spindles from exception of ~otton hose. men, the dairymen, the berry pickers, and the The published list does not necessarily growers of lily bulbs and mushrooms. the losses of war was less than 1 Y:z million. imply that concessions will actually be The authors of the negotiable list have a Since that time the spindleage has grown granted on every item. It does imply, how long and varied assemblage of articles in to about BY:z million, the growth represent ever, that every item is the subject of a Schedule XV, Sundries. · From a host of ing completely new and modern equipment. potential concession. The comprehensive small industries, they list rubber balls, beads, In fact a considerable number of Japanese nature of the list leaves us with the con hats and bonnets, toothbrushes, handbags, cotton mills now stand at the world's top clusion that the entire cotton textile in laces, dog leashes, candles, hair combs, to level of textile efficiency. Yet their average dustry of the United States is regarded as bacco pouches, umbrella handles, and frog wages are in the neighborhood of 13 cents potentially expendable. legs. We consider the formulation of this an hour, which is one-tenth of the average This conclusion is reinforced by reference list of expendable industries as a proper sub cotton textile wage in the United States. to schedule XIII, Manufactures of Rayon or ject of congressional investigation. We Raw material costs are essentially the same Other Synthetic Textile. Here are listed syn shall request such investigation. in Japan, the United States, and Western thetic yarns and filaments of rayon or other The Small Business Administration, V'hich Europe. Of the remaining costs about one synthetic textile, of cut fiber or staple fiber or is one of the leading bipartisan constructive half consist of wages. With a wage cost, any other type. This is a listing of the most efforts on Capitol Hill, will be sorely put to therefore, which is roughly one-third of that extraordinary significance to the cotton in it to find applicants in the future for their prevailing in Western Europe and one-tenth dustry of the United St~tes. Tariff conces loans and other aids to small business. of that in the United States, Japan has a sions on cotton goods are a threat to domes In the case of the cotton textile industry, competitive advantage over the entire West tic cotton consumption and therefore a at least 75 percent of which is small business, ern World which reaches its maximum in threat to the American cotton farmer. previous trade agreements have already im comparison with the United States. Tariff concessions on synthetic yarns are posed tariff reductions on about 91 percent The wage picture for the major cotton another danger. Such an action taken when of the industry's production. The cuts have textile-manufacturing countries is as fol the price of cotton is being upheld by the averaged about 37 percent. For many indi lows, on an average hourly straight-time agricultural program can have no other re vidual items they have amounted to as much basis: sult than a wide disparity between the price as 50 percent, and on a limited number the United States ______of rayon yarns and the price of raw cotton. cuts have already reached the permissible Switzerland ______$1.30 .43 The competitive effect would be to compel maximum of 75 percent. United Kingdom ______the cotton mills of the United States to All of the important concessions granted .40 switch from cotton to rayon. No better de have gone to the major textile exporting France------~------.38 vice could be contrived to sound the doom countries of Western Europe-the United IndiaItaly ______(estimated)------_ .30 of the American cotton farmer along with Kingdom, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany ______:_ ___ _ .095 the American cotton-manufacturing in Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, and Aus Japan ______.317 dustry. tria. As a result of these concessions, the .136 We feel that it is highly relevant to point average ad valorem equivalent on imported It is the position of the American industry out that no other major industry is to any cotton goods as computed by the Tariff Com that present tariff rates constitute no bar important degree exposed to the potential mission as of January 1, 1952, is 22.4 percent. rier to expanding imports of Japanese goods. sacrifice considered for the cotton indus Were this computation brought down to In fact the volume of imports from that try. The American people feel that the date, it would probably show an appreciably country could have been vastly greater dur great mass-production industries of the lower average duty because of the increased ing the past 2 or 3 years had the Japanese United States are so much more efficient proportion of higher quality finished imports chosen to invade the American market. than foreign industries as to be immune to which carry a lower ad valorem rate. They did not so choose for the following the dangers of unlimited foreign competition. Of the concessions granted to the United Hence we expect that the articles selected States, most have been nullified, some have reasons: (1) The volume of Japanese ex for tariff reduction would include the prod been revoked, and in only one instance, ports was expanding at a reasonably satis ucts of these great superefficient mass-pro namely the concession granted by Canada, factory rate without necessity of large ex duction industries. They are either not on has there been continuous and complete ports to the United States. Japan is once. the list at all, or are relatively minor items. fulfillment. more the world's leading exporter of cotton With respect to the other great industries The import restrictions of Western Europe goods and this year the total volume is ex of the mass-production type, we. can say have amounted to a virtually complete em- pected to reach 1.2 billion yards; (2) the 19~ . CONGRESSIONi\l~~IU:CORD -- HOUSE January 10 Japanese industry knows that the United pened to our trade a.nd the British trade and Indian prints, 71 cases. states industry· is also an overcapacity in; :ls exactly measured in the following table: Handkerchief cloth, 159 bales and 18 cases. dustry, dependent on its export trade to Gingham, 312 bales and 108 .cases. Principal markets for Japanese cotton cloth Combed gingham, 366 bales. avoid heavy surpluses and domestic market exports depression. In this view, the Japanese have Rayon gingham, 48 bales and 79 cases. been very realistic. They have not join.ed [Millions of square yards] Seersucker, 8 bales. with the Untted Kingdom and the countnes Rayon piece goods, 226 bales and 253 cases. of Western Europe in the clamor for Amer Annual January Cotton and rayon ticking, 53 bales. ican tariff reductions on textiles; (3) the Country average, August . Velveteens, 23 bales and 1,102 cases. Japanese dollar position has been kept very 1934--39 1954 Tablecloth, damask, and manufactures comfortable by the enormous expenditures thereof, 215 bales and 3,197 cases. of the United States in that country. For Aden______53. 2 11. 5 137Handkerchiefs bales and 245 (cotton,cases. rayon, and mixed) , the past 2 years, in fact, dollars have been far more abundant in Japan than the s~ft ±~l~!~~======~: ~ ------36~4-- Kitchen and dish towels, 911 bales and currencies. Japan has had to draw heav1ly British East Africa______104.0 ~: ~ ·20 cases. British West Africa ------~: ~ 2 . Cotton and rayon bedspreads, 64 bales. upon :t.er dollar account to buy goods from Burma______38. 2 Pillowcases, 45 bales and 69 cases. the sterling area, from Latin America, 3:nd 625 from a number of the European countnes. .8:;fo~ --======------isX . 13. o cotton gloves, 31 cases. On several occasions she has been forced to use dollars for the purchase of sterling be &~~:----======------42_5~6- 76: r~ ~:~fe~' r~~~~S;S,C~~e~. bales and 941 cases ~kista:J?------336_4_ 231.8 and 194 cartons. cause of the virtual sterling area embargo against Japanese goods. 1 onesm_ ------35:6 32.o Men's and boys' shirts (chiefly of flannel, These things being so, the question may be asked why the inflow of Japanese cotton goods has doubled and possibly quadrupled during September, October, and November ~f -----'f3!3 •. the current year, as indicated by cargo mam is,"o:uitLh~A~f•r:i,c~:a;-_:;_~_~_~_:_:_;_:_~_l_;_;_~_:_:_;_~_ ~2------~:;-- ~~~~i~~;;~~~:i~~~;.~~;;:J~! fests at the port of New York and by cabled ------14~3-- are the same as those caused by internal Un~ted Kingdom------.------16• ~ competition. reports of shipments from Tokyo but not 70 1925.96 yet reported by the Bureau of the Census. Urnted States of Amenca______· · That can best be answered by so:me spe- During these 3 months Japanese textile im Total. __ ------2,423. 2 833.2 cific illustrations. When horses and buggies ports on an annual basis would be the were superseded by automobiles, the auto equivalent of 150 million yards or more, thus The comparisons show that almgst all of mobiles didn't come in from Europe, they reaching the peak levels of 1936 and 1937. the Japanese trade losses have occurred. in were made in the United States of America. The explanation may be the statements from Asia, Argentina, and in sterling areas outs1de When the old-fashioned water wheels on a the United States Government regarding the Asia. The British takings of Japanese goods thousand rivers were superseded by turbines liberalization of Japanese imports into the and . dynamos, the turbines and dynamos since the war, were wholly for reexpor~. United States. The Ja.panese have been British consumption of Japanese goods 1s were built in the United States, not abroad. made to feel that they now have an open When the iron and steel industry and_much debarred. of the boot and shoe industry left New Eng invitation to invade the i\merican market. The relatively high United States imports During the past several years the Ameri land years ago, they landed in the Middle in the prewar period were due to the con West, not in Czechoslovakia. When New can industry has come to have respect for centrated invasion of Japanese goods from the Japanese, both as textile manufacturers England later lost most of her spindles, they the autumn of 1936 to the spring of 1938, found haven ·in the South, not in Japan. and as sound appraisers of the economic and which was the major factor in bringing a~out political difficulties which beset the world in 1938 the deepest depression the Amencan When the bulk of cotton agriculture left the textile trade. In a number of textile con Southeast, it didn't go to Brazil. It went to industry has known. That ~eak level has ferences we have joined them in a study of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Arkansas, and been regained in the months smce August .. California. international textile trade difficulties and the In other words the American industry 1s means of their solution. We have not been now being laid open again to the disastrous To these could be added a thousand more in disagreement on any major point. consequences which past experience all but illustrations to show that adjustments from At Buxton, England, in September 1952 · guarantees. internal forces produce a net gain which the Japanese stated their analysis of cotton In former years our Government could see remains in our own national economy in textile problems as did the American dele no grounds for a reciprocal trade agreement stead of taking flight to foreign countries. gation. The Japanese report is published with Japan. After a survey by the Tariff Could anyone suppose that the United in the proceedings of that conference: We Commission an increaf:e was recommended States would be better off if its boot and recommend this analysis to the attent10n of in the customs duties on Japanese cloth. shoe industry had gone to Czechoslovakia, the committee and submit herewith a copy This recommendation was promptly put into its automobile industry to Great Britain, as part of the record. effect. its dynamo manufacturing to· Switzerland, Represe:r:.tative excerpts are, and I quote: Since that time the Japanese industry has its textile industry-to Japan, its chemistry "'The postwar trade recession is due, we be become vastly more efficient, the range and to Germany, and its cotton culture to Latin America? lieve, to a decline in consumption in ~he quality of their production have increased, agricultural countries. • • • Consumpt10n and our tariff duties have been lowered. Another dangerous doctrine is the assump in the countries of Asia and Africa fell from We now reproduce for the committee a tion that trade should be balanced on a 7.8 yards before the war to 5.6 yards after consolidation of 9 weeks of cargo manifests country-by-country basis, particularly where the war, showing a 30-percent decrease, showing the imports at New York of Japanese the United States is concerned. which comes to as low as one-fifth of the con piece goods and articles of apparel. A particular country can economically sumption level in the major cotton manufac Manifests from other ports are not avail balance its trade only in relationship to the turing countries. • • • Consequently it is not able for this recent period, September 15 to entire world of trading nations. If a coun too much to say that the trend of world cot November 17. For the 9-week period, imports try's trade policy represents normal eco ton textile trade is affected more by the of piece goods are indicated as being in ex nomic intelligence, its imports are supple level of consumption in the underdeveloped cess of 20 million yards, and imports of mentary to its own production and will be areas than by any other factors. • • • To apparel items and specialty articles are esti procured from the most advantageous increase consumption in the underdevel mated to approximate 5 million more. Con sources. Thus a country's most advan oped countries is the most effective way to verted to an annual equivalent the total tageous areas of supply may be entirely dif expand trade. The road therefore to ex figure would approach 150 million yards. ferent from the most advantageous areas of panded trade is to elevate the income level export. This simple natural principle is of those underdeveloped countries." PARTIAL LIST OF IMPORTS OF TEXTILE CARGOES the basis Of all multilateral trade. The great paradox of world textiles is the FROM JAPAN COMING INTO THE PORT OF NEW Prior to the War Japan's balance Of trade YORK SEPTEMBER 15 TO NOVEMBER 17, 9 with the United States was one of academic enormous production over capacity of the WEEKS major manufacturing countries in contra~t interest. She had the essential overall bal to the distressing undersupply and scarCi Gray broadcloth, 2,358 bales. ance in her total world trade. She sold the ties of underdeveloped countries which are Gray printcloth, 1,811 bales. bulk of her products to the underdevel the natural importing areas. Gray shirting, 2,220 bales. oped areas of the world-mainly Asia and Gray poplin, 1,033 bales. The Japanese textile export problem is not Oceania-and from the proceeds bought her Gray sheeting, 30 bales. foodstuffs, cotton, and other raw materials different from that of the United States, the Piece goods and textiles (not described), from the United States and elsewhere. That United Kingdom, and Western Europe. They 2,287 bales and 871 cases. was the normal natural pattern of Japanese share an overall problem which cannot be Needlepoint, .cotton, 41 cases. trade. · solved by these manufacturing countries Colored piece goods, 150 bales. It 'is now protested that Japan can no selling their surpluses to each other. What White piece goods, 187 bales and 5 cases. longer do this. Why? Inconvertible cm: has happened to Japanese trade has hap- Printed piece -goods, 60 cases. rencies, trade restrictions, political embar- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 199 goes. If these are 'the answers, these con industry into the areas of the coal fields knew him well; my husband knew him stitute the problem. where the acute and chronic unemploy well. We worked with him throughout Thus viewing its component parts, we see ment is a national disgrace. the time he was in the diplomatic field. that the problem is not within but without We also knew of the great work he did the borders of the United States. There the The national minimum of $1.25 an solution must be found. hour is thoroughly justified and is cer before he entered the diplomatic service. It is not found by setting up the United tainly not excessive in view of rising liv His passing leaves me with a very full States tariff system as a substitute problem. ing standards and livin!i costs. A mini heart, full of deep gratitude. This recourse not only postpones attack on mum wage based upon increases in the Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, under the the real problem; it does no favor in the cost of living and worker productivity permission granted me, I include the fol meantime to Japan or the world trade. An since the establishment of the 1938 and lowing newspaper editorials regarding unnatural trade pattern cannot long stand. 1939 minimum would be in excess of $1 Mr. Gibson and his great work: There is no more reason to permit unre ·stricted access of Japanese cotton goods into an hour. Moreover, since the minimum [From the New York Times of December 13, the United States than to permit the un of 40 cents an hour was provided for by 1954) restricted import of raw cotton from Brazil, Congress, average gross hourly wages of HUGH S. GIBSON DIES AT GENEVA-LONG A or of dairy products from Denmark and Hol manufacturing production workers have DIPLOMAT AND RELIEF AIDE-FOREIGN SERV land, or wheat and wheat flour from Canada, risen 182 percent and per capita disposal ICE OFFICER 30 YEARS, HEAD OF COMMITTEE or of certain nuts and fruits from southern income has risen 189.5 percent. An in FOR MIGRATION, WAS 71 Europe. In each instance, equally, there crease in the minimum wage corre GENEVA, December 12. Hugh S. Gibson, re would be, in effect, the same type of attack sponding to these increases would re tired United States diplomat and Director of on American employment, incomes, invest the Intergovernmental Committee for Eu ment, and standards of life. quire a minimum of $1.25 an hour. ropean Migration, died this morning at the Such outcomes cannot be tolerated for A realistic floor beneath wages would age of 71. agriculture. Neither should they be tol be important factors in preventing unde The veteran diplomat, who had served the erated for the manufacturing industries sirable industrial dislocation and unfair United States at many posts throughout the whose raw-material consumption and whose competition as well as exploitation of world and had represented his country at payrolls are indispensable to the progress low-wage employees; would boost pur dozens of international conferences, suc and prosperity of agriculture. chasing power, living standards, and cumbed to a heart attack at about 9 o'clock We, therefore, hope that our foreign eco at his home outside Geneva. nomic policy may find its guidance in world productivity; create more jobs; and Mr. Gibson's son, Michael, who was on a realities and carry through to those solutions would be important economic stabilizing visit to Paris, returned to Geneva. which are basic and enduring. factors. Although suffering from a broken bone in With such a program and code of faith, his foot and able to move about only in a there would be little concern that for a short THE LATE HONORABLE HUGH wheelchair, Mr. Gibson had presided at the time continued aid might be advisable for principal sessions of· his committee's semi Japan. That is of slight significance when GIBSON annual meeting 10 days ago. He told the measured against the restoration of normal Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask opening session of the 24-nation group that and natural markets for Japan and the unanimous consent to address the House European political and economic stability maintenance of economic health in the for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re for the next 10 years could. be assured only United States. · through the emigration of 5,000,000 Euro marks and include certain editorials. peans. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to During 46 years in international affairs, 30 MINIMUM WAGE LEGISLATION the request of the gentleman from of them as a Foreign Service officer, Mr. Pennsylvania? Gibson represented the United States on Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan There was no objection. many important and dramatic occasions. imous consent to address the House for Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I wish His name first became known when, as 1 minute. to call to the attention of the House the Legation secretary in Brussels, Belgium, he The SPEAKER. Is there objection to great loss suffered by the United States took part with Brand Whitlock, United States the request of the gentleman from by the death of Hugh Gibson, the Direc Minister, and others, in vain efforts to save Pennsylvania? Miss Edith Cavell, a 50-year-old British tor of the Intergovernmental Committee nurse, from being shot by the Germans for There was no objection. for European Migration. acts allegedly inimical to their invading Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Mr. Gibson served the United States on army early in World War I. express some views with regard to my numerous occasions in many capacities, From this time until his death, Mr. Gib· interest in the minimum wage of $1.25 and his service reflected great credit on son held many and varied posts in the United per hour as provided for in the bill I States diplomatic service and with organi him and on the Republic he loved so well. zations having a semiofficial goyernmental have introduced today, Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, will the According to press reports and his standing. In World War I and later, he was state of the Union message President gentleman yield? associated with Herbert Hoover in interna Mr. WALTER. I yield. tional relief work, and many of his State Eisenhower will recommend to the 84th Department assignments were made to areas Congress an increase to 90 cents per hour Mr. KEATING. I wish to associate in which this training could be useful. in the minimum wage under the Fair myself with the remarks the gentleman Hugh Simons Gibson was born in Los An Labor Standards Act. His recommen has made regarding the Honorable Hugh geles on August 16, 1883. He was a son of dation is far from adequate and demon Gibson. He served his country well and Frank Gibson and Mary Simons Gibson. His strates an unrealistic consideration of will long be remembered for the very father was a Scottish-born bank cashier. the current economic situation. magnificent job he did with this com Mr. Gibson received his preliminary edu mittee. cation from private tutors and completed Thirty-six dollars a week for a 40- courses in the Ecole Libre des Sciences Poli hour week does not provide a family with Mr. WALTER. Mr. Gibson devised tiques in Paris in 1907. His firstpost in the the minimum budget required in any various methods of taking surplus popu Foreign Service was that of secretary at the part of the country under present prices lations from Europe that ultimately legation in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in 1908. according to the Bureau of Labor Sta would have relieved a great deal of pres From 1911 to 1913 he was secretary at the tistics. sure. It is the hope and prayer of those legation in Havana. Millions of workers in this country are of us interested in this problem that After service in Belgium and at other working for substandard wages in sea someone can be selected to succeed him posts, during World War I, Mr. Gibson be who to some degree at least can carry came first secretary to the United States sonable industries and living under de Embassy in Paris toward the close of the war. pressed conditions. This threatens to on this fine work. Personally I have lost He left this post in 1918 when Congress undercut the wage levels of all workers. a dear friend of many years. His guid appropriated $100 million to establish the In fact these conditions have destroyed ance and enthusiasm gave me an insight American Relief Administration to provide the wage level and working standards of of a great problem I otherwise would not food for certain European countries. He thousands of workers. Many have been have had. served as director general of this organiza forced out of jobs entirely through plant Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. tion, of which Mr. Hoover was chairman. In Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the 8 months betwe€n the end of the fight liquidations and relocations to areas ing and the signing of the final treaty of where manufacturers have an unfair Mr. WALTER. I yield. peace, Mr. Gibson and Mr. Hoover had dis competitive advantage because they ex Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I tributed nearly 5 million tons of foodstuffs. ploit their employees by paying submar may say to the gentleman that I have In addition to his duties with Mr. Hoover, ginal rates. This practice makes it known no finer diplomat or more patri Mr. Gibson served on an interallied commis increasingly difficult for us to bring new otic gentleman than Hugh Gibson. I sion that made the first post-World War I 200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January· 10 report on the condition Of the · war-ravaged did~ -rb.e Problems ~t Lasting Peace'"; ·was Herbert Hoover's: principal lieutenant in Balkans. whether it was representing his own Govern the Belgian relief work. Later he was United · In 1919 Mr. Gibson was appointed Minister ment with effectiveness and dignity or direct States Minister successively to Poland, to Poland, a post that called for more relief ing a committee for finding new homes for Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg, administration work than diplomacy during refugees and migrants-the work on which .Brazil, and. again Belgium and Luxembourg. the formative years of the new republic. 'he was engaged when he died-Hugh Gibson He represented his country also at the Lon From 1924 to 1927 Mr. Gibson was Minister gave to the tasJ.r. a brilliant mind, a deep don Naval Conference, the Geneva Disarma to Switzerland, then a key post because of understanding of other persons and nations ment Conference, and the Buenos Aires the presence in Geneva of the headquarters and a profound sympathy. Mediatory Conference which settled the <>f the League of Nations. Never advertising his own virtues or Chaco War. The last task' of his life was that In this and other similar duties, Mr. Gibson achievements, always giving himself unself of directing the enterprises of the Intergov took a lead in movements to reduce arma ishly and single mindedly, he was not in his ernmental Committee for European Migra ments, but these efforts for the most part later years much in the public eye. He took tion, finding new homes outside Europe for were not entirely successful. In that same his joy in the useful work he was able to do, thousands of displaced individuals and year he was chairman of the United States and it was his good fortune to go on doing it families. delegation to the Conference for Limitation to the very day of his death. A small, frail, gray man, Mr. Gibson always of Naval Rearmament, which had wider, if was immersed in his job. His sympathies more controversial, results. [From the New York Times of were boundless, and he never was too heavily He returned to Belgium as Ambassador in December 14, 1954] burdened to accept additional responsibili 1927. He held this position until 1933 and ties. The clarity and efficiency of his mind was returned to it by President Franklin D. RITES FOR GIBSON TOMORROW were demonstrated in his books on foreign Roosevelt in 1937. He retired from the post GENEVA, December 13.-Western diplomats ·affairs, in some of which he had Mr. Hoover the next year. assembled in the Chateau de Genthod today as his collaborator. But his outstanding In the period between his two terms as to pay their last respects to Hugh S. Gibson, quality was his consecrated spirit. He was envoy to Belgium, Mr. Gibson was Ambassa former American diplomat. Mr. Gibson died selfless in his devotion to humanity, and for dor to Brazil. While in this post, he served yesterday in his Geneva lakeside home of a that especially he is entitled to grateful as the United States representative on a heart attack at the age of 71. A funeral remembrance. mediation group that ended the 7 -year-old service will be held in the Roman Catholic Chaco war between Bolivia and Paraguay. Church of Notre Dame in Geneva at 11 a. m. SPEECH OF THE HONORABLE HUGH S. GIBSON Mr. Gibson retired from the Foreign Serv Wednesday. Mr. Gibson will be buried in BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE ICEM AFTER ice in 1938. His long experience in relief Geneva. His REELECTION AS DmECTOR ON NOVEMBER work later resulted in his appointment to 30, 1954 the migration committee. [From the New York Herald Tribune of Honorable members of the council, I thank In 1921 Mr. Gibson married Mlle. Ynes December 13, 1954] you most sincerely for the honor you have Reyntiens, a daughter ~f Maj. Nicholas Reyn HuGH GmsoN bestowed upon me by electing me to con tiens, of the Belgian Army. She was a tinue as Director of the Intergovernmental maternal granddaughter of the seventh Earl Hugh Gibson, who has just died in Geneva at the age of 71, was one of the most devoted, Committee for European Migration under its .of Abingdon of England. Mrs. Gibson died constitution . on March 19, 1950. . energetic, and resourceful emissaries Ameri . ca ever sent forth into the world of diplo It is an honor which I highly appreciate . macy. He once referred to hiinself as a The Committee has become part of my life, HOOVER LAUDS GIBSON-PRAISES HIM AS A diplomat who did "not wear spats." He and is my chief and constant personal con "GREAT PUBLIC SERVANT"-DULLES IN might have said with equal accuracy that he cern. TRIBUTE was a diplomat who was not afraid to roll I have an unbounded faith in its value to Former President Herbert Hoover yester up his sleeves, and a human being whose mankind and in its vast potentialities. day termed Hugh S. Gibson "one of America's concern was for people as well as·for nations. Long and varied experience of interna great public servants." . When to these traits were added his capac tional bodies has made me realize that this "He was a man of complete integrity and ity to make friendships, his abilities as an is the most constructive organization for devotion to our country," Mr. Hoover said. organizer and his talents as a writer, a pic close and fruitful collaboration between "He was trusted all over the world. His elec ture of Mr. Gibson's unusual attainments governments of free sovereign states on an tion to his present position as director of the began to emerge. expanding scale of membership and activ: Intergovernmental Committee on European From 1914 to 1938 hardly a great event ities. Migration by the representatives of a score in international affairs took place in which . It is bound to succeed in the accomplish of nations is but an indication of that Mr. Gibson did not play some· part. As ment of its task, being firmly based on the 'trust." secretary of the American Legation in Brus community of interests of all its members STATEMENT BY SECRETARY sels in 1914 he did what he could to mitigate that most sound but so rare foundation of WASHINGTON, December 12.-John Foster the effects of warfare upon the populace, and mutual understanding and coordination of Dulles, Secretary of State, said he was deeply his strenuous efforts on behalf of Edith efforts. grieved by t.he news of Mr. Gibson's death, Cavell, the English nurse executed 'by the The coming into force of the constitution saying Mr. Gibson had been a close personal Germans, brought him wide notice. Later marks the beginning of a new era in the friend for many years. on he represented America in many coun Committee's history. It provides the hither "Mr. Gibson was a man of unusual per tries, holding the ambassadorships to Switz to missing element of stability, 1ndispensab1e sonal charm and wit and endeared himself erland, Belgium, and Brazil. A close friend to future development by means of expanded to a wide circle of friends,'' Mr. Dulles said. of President Hoover, he continued in the services and of more definite long-range diplomatic service under President Roosevelt, "The American people will, I know, regret planning. It comes at a time when past retiring in 1938. experience allows the member governments the passing of this great American who served Although he left the diplomatic service his country under the most difficult condi more competently to appraise the Commit years ago, Mr. Gibson never ceased his efforts tee's effectiveness and more confidently to tions with distinction and honor." to bring help and hope to the international plan its future. LANE HAILS FORMER CHIEF scene. Since 1951 he had been director of A new chapter of the Committee's his Arthur Bliss Lane, who was United States the Intergovernmental Committee for Eu tory is about to open. Ambassador to Poland, 1944--47, and who pre ropean Migration, organized by 20 nations. The final draft of the constitution was viously had served under Mr. Gibson when He was in the midst of work on its behalf adopted on October 19, 1953, by the sixth the latter was Minister to Poland, said: when he collapsed, dying as he had lived, in session of the Committee in Venice. Con "The regrettable passing of Hugh S. Gibson the service of his fellowmen. sidering the wide variety of legislative pro creates a grievous chasm in human achieve cedures of the 16 governments who have now ment. He had a wit and brilliant intelli [From the Washington Evening Star of ratified it and made possible its coming into gence which were outstanding. He had also December 14, 1954} force, and the vast volume of legislation the adventurous quest of goals to conquer." on problems of urgent importance which HUGH S. GIBSON their respective parliaments have been faced When news of the death of HughS. Gibson with, it is gratifying to note that this con HuGH GmsoN came to Washington on Sunday, there must stitution should have been officially accept Hugh Gibson, who died yesterday in have been many whose minds flashed ba:ck ed by so many governments in so short a Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 71, was to 39 years ago and one of the great stories time. It shows their interest in the Inter not only a distinguished career diplomat, of all time-the execution of Nurse Edith governmental Committee for European Mi he might also be called a career humani Cavell· by the Germans in Brussels, October gration, in its stabilization and its future tarian. Whether the enterprise at hand was 12, 1915. He was among the Americans who development. I am particularly happy that the vain one of trying to save Edith Cavell strove in vain to save her. The memory · Chairman CHAUNCEY W. REED, who SO ably from a German firing squad in the First abided with him all the rest of his days, and presided over the adoption of the constitu World War, or ending the war in the Chaco, it influenced him toward noble humanitarian tion in Venice, · and steered it through the ·or administering vast war or postwar relief ·achievement. . legislative procedures of the United States projects; whether it was working for dis Mr·. Gibson was already a career Forel~n Congress to its final enactment by the armament or considering, as in one book he Service officer when World War I started. He :U:nited States Government, is present here 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 201 today. I am sure that we all regard the imposed on a people whose destiny has been The SPEAKER. Is there objection to eminent chairman of the House Committee linked with the cause of freedom. the request of the gentleman from New on the Judiciary in a sense as the father of Jersey? this document which is so important to the The failure on the part of the United Committee. I express the fervent hope that Nations to assume its moral responsibil There was no objection. the acceptance of the constitution by the ity to act on an issue which is being Mr. . KEAN. Mr. Speaker, we have remaining member governments will soon watched by the entire world is particu just heard President Eisenhower's spe follow and that, fortified by the increased larly difficult to comprehend when it is cial message to the 84th Congress out stability provided by its constitution, the recalled that one of the cardinal prin lining his foreign-trade policy. Committee will attract the governments of ciples of the United Nations is "to de The cornerstone of the President's for other interested countries to join its mem eign-trade program, in my opinion, will bership, thereby expanding the scope of its velop friendly relations among nations effective international collaboration. based on the respect for the principle of be the section to amend the Trade Agree equal rights and self-determination of ments Act. Briefty, this legislation will peoples." give the President the power to negotiate THE ISLAND OF CYPRUS One of the encouraging results of our to reduce annually those tariffs which Mr. MORANO. Mr. Speaker, I ask foreign-aid program has been the revival he believes should be reduced in the unanimous consent to address the House of Greece into a strong member of the country's best interest by 5 percent each for 1 minute and to revise and extend my free world alliance and the North At year for the next 3 years, and it will pro remarks. lantic Treaty Organization. The Greeks vide for a 3-year extension of the Presi The SPEAKER. Is there objection to have done a magnificent job in restoring dent's authority to negotiate trade agree the request of the gentleman from Con their country to a position of strength in ments. necticut? a vital area of the world. In this area I concur wholeheartedly with the ad There was no objection. and elsewhere the Communists are ministration's philosophy in its foreign Mr. MORANO. Mr. Speaker, recently steadily at work, through constant at trade program. I introduced a concurrent resolution de tempts at subversion and through tl:eir I feel that the 84th Congress should claring that it be the sense of the Con insidious propaganda. To deny Cyprus let the world know what our future trade gress that the United States Mission to its self-determination gives aid and com policy is to be, that the economic policy the United Nations should take all pos fort to the Communists in their propa of the United States-where we stand sible steps expeditiously to bring about a ganda drive. and in what direction we are going consideration by the United Nations of Cyprus is relatively small. Its popu must be known soon by our friends of the applicability of the principle of self lation is only 520,000, but the issue is a the free world so that they can plan their determination of peoples in the case of large and important one. It is the issue economic future and enact legislation to the population of the Island of Cyprus. of colonialism versus self -determination. implement the policies they must adopt. Mr. Speaker, on the agenda of the Have we learned nothing from Indo I feel that unless the 84th Congress ninth session of the General Assembly china? Are we learning nothing from enacts the President's Trade Agreements of the United Nations, there appeared as North Africa? The strong feeling Act the United States will be seriously item 62 for consideration by the General aroused by United Nations failure to act handicapped in its role as leader of the Assembly: has resulted in civil disorder and riots free world. . Failure to act would be to play directly Application, under the auspices of the in Cyprus and Greece. United Nations, of the principle of equal On August 14, 1941, there was issued mto the hands of the Kremlin and would rights and self-determination of peoples in by the President of the United States effectively undermine our efforts to halt the case of the population of the Island of and the Prime Minister of the United the fiow of strategic material to the Cyprus. Kingdom a Declaration of Principles, Soviet bloc. known as the Atlantic Charter. The In the Republican 83d Congress I was O'n December 17 of last year, the Gen glad to introduce the bill to carry out eral Assembly, by a vote of 50 to 0, with third principle of the Atlantic Charter contains a declaration of respect for the President's program. This Congress 8 abstentions, approved the following is controlled by the Democrats. Fortu resolution: "the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they nately, the new chairman of the Ways The General Assembly, considering that, will live." The British victory in the and Means Committee is in agreement for the time being, it does not appear ap with the President on foreign-trade leg propriate to adopt a resolution on the ques United Nations over the small island of tion of Cyprus, decides not to consider fur Cyprus is a denial and mockery of a islation. He has also introduced a bill ther the item entitled "Application, under principle to which she has pledged her to implement the program. By intro the auspices of the United Nations, of the self in the Atlantic Charter. ducing my bill again, I am pleased to principle of equal rights and self-determi The vote in the General Assembly has give my endorsement to the President's nation of peoples in the case of the popu been described by the British representa program. I believe that a majority of lation of the Island of Cyprus." tive to the United Nations, Anthony Nut Republicans in the House of Representa I have constantly supported the United ting, "as a great and important victory tives will also endorse this worthwhile Nations and United States participation for commonsense." Mr. Speaker, this is legislation when they are called to vote in that organization. I .feel, however, not my concept of commonsense, com on it on the ftoor of the House of Repre that this decision to take no action now mon decency, or common justice, and I sentatives. when it is so crucially needed strikes a know it is not the American concept. blow at justice and the principle of self I hope, therefore, that as expressed by FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE determination. This is all the more so the Greek representative to the United PRESIDENT when we consider that over 80 percent of Nations. ''Very soon the United States the population of this island in the Medi Government will be back to its traditional A further message in writing from the terranean are Greek. It has always been policy for the principle of self-determi President of the United States was com inhabited by Greeks. In 1878, the Brit nation" and that our delegation to the municated to the House by Mr. Tribbe, ish administration, under the nominal United Nations will press this matter at one of his secretaries. sovereignty of the Sultan, succeeded the every possible opportunity. Ottoman domination. In November 1914 Cyprus is not a local colonial squabble; Cyprus was annexed to the British Em it is an international matter of the high REPORT ON TRADE AGREEMENT pire, and in 1925 the Government of the est importance involving, in the final ESCAPE CLAUSES. (PURSUANT TO United Kingdom made the island a analysis, the security of the United THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 6 crown colony. States. (b) OF THE TRADE AGREEMENTS Today, in Cyprus--- EXTENSION ACT OF 1951)-MES- As stated in the letter of the President AMENDING THE TRADE AGREE- SAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF of the Council of Ministers of Greece to MENTS ACT THE UNITED STATES er of the Advisory Board of the Export istration. needs of the Veterans' Administration hos Import Bank of Washington and as a mem By Mr. BOW: pital reservation, Columbia, S.C.; to the Com· ber of the National Advisory Council of the H. J. Res. 103. ~oint resolution proposing mittee on Veterans' Affairs. International Bank for Reconstruction and an amendment to the Constitution of the H. R. 1837. A bill giving the Commissioner Development; to the Committee on Banking United States, relating to the legal effect of Education the authority to issue to cer and Currency. of certain treaties and other international tain local educational agencies quitclaim H. R. 1852. A bill to provide that 75 per agreements; to the Committee on the Ju deeds to certain temporary facilities, upon a cent of all moneys received by the United diciary. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 215 By Mr. CELLER: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. CEDERBERG: H. J. Res. 104. Joint resolution to provide H. R. 1891. A bill for the relief of Chung for the creation of a Commission on Security Under clause 1 of' rule XXII, private Herp Youn; to the Committee on the Judi· in Industry; to tl}.e Committee on the Ju bills and resolutions were introduced and ciary. diciary. severally referred as follows: H. R. 1892. A bill for the relief of Dr. Lu By Mr. COLMER: By Mr. ABBITT: Ho Tung and his wife, Ching-hsi (nee Tsao) H. J. Res. 105. Joint resolution to increase H. R. 1866. A bill for the rel!ef of Mr. and Tung; to the Committee on the Juqiciary. 1955 cotton allotments of certain farms re Mrs. Thomas V. Compton; to the Committee H. R. 1893. A bill for the relief of Myung ceiving 5 acres or less; to the Committee on on the Judiciary. Sik Hong; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Agricult ure. By Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: By Mr. DENTON: By Mr. BURDICK: H. R. 1867. A bill for the relief of Henry J. H. R . 1894. A bill for the relief of Kenneth H . J. Res. 106. Joint resolution declaring Lim; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Cecil; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the 14th day of June in each year to be a By Mr. DIGGS: By Mr. ANFUSO: • legal holiday, and requesting the President to H. R . 1895. A bill for the relief of Lorenzo issue a special proclamation commemorat H . R. 1868. A bill for the relief of Ernest Aglipay (also known as James or Jimmy Tomassich and Yoko Matuso Tomassich; to ing the 176th anniversary of the flag of the Flores); to the Committee on the Judiciary. United States; to the Committee on the the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DONDERO: Judiciary. H. R. 1869. A bill for the relief of Luis H. R. 1896. A bill for the relief of Sandra By Mr. HAGEN: Deriberprey; to the Committee on the Judi Lea MacMullin; to the Committee on the H. J. Res. 107. Joint resolution to permit ciary. Judiciary. the United States of America to release re H. R . 1870. A bill for the relief of Eliseva By Mr. DORN of New York: versionary rights in a 36.759-acre tract to Kaufman (Saltz); to the Committee on the H. R. 1897. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe the Vineland School District of the County Judiciary. Tumbarello; to the Committee on the Judi of Kern, State of California; to the Com By Mr. BATES: ciary. mittee on Agriculture. H. R. 1871. A bill for the relief of Marian H . R. 1898. A bill for the relief of Dr. Heze By Mr. HAND (by request): Wojcik-Wojnowski; to the Committee on the kiah Nicodemus, his wife Grace, and daugh· H. J. Res. 108. Joint resolution designating Judiciary. ter Sally; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the first Sunday in June of each year as H. R . 1872. A bill for the relief of Joao By Mr. EDMONDSON: Henriques Gravato; to the Committee on Shut-In's Day; to the Committee on the H. R. 1899. A bill authorizing the United Judiciary. the Judiciary. States Government to reconvey certain lands By Mr. HORAN: By Mr. BERRY: to R. R. Crew, A. G. Gibson, C. F. Bliss, Jr., H. J. Res. 109. Joint resolution relating to H . R. 1873. A bill for the relief of James and others; to the Committee on Public Father's Day; to the Committee on the Ju Flying Horse; to the Committee on the Judi Works. diciary. ciary. H. R . 1900. A bill authorizing the United By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: By Mr. BOGGS: H. J. Res. 110. Joint resolution placing cer· States Government to reconvey certain lands H. R. 1874. A bill for the relief of the Em to George C. Stratton and Ellen J. Stratton; tain individuals who served in the Armed ployers' Liability Assurance Corp.; to the Forces of the United States in the Mora Prov· to the Committee on Public Works. Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FENTON: ince, including Mindanao, and in the islands H. R. 1875. A bill for the relief of A. J. of Leyte and Samar after July 4, 1902, and H. R. 1901. A bill for the relief of Galen H. Crozat, Jr.; to the Committee on the Judi Clark Packing Co., Inc., to the Committee on their survivors, in the same status as those ciary. who served in the Armed Forces during the the Judiciary. H. R . 1876. A bill for the relief of Martin M. By Mr. FLOOD: Philippine Insurrection and their survivors; Sorensen; to the Committee on the Judi· to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. ciary. H. R . 1902. A bill for the relief of Paul By Mr. PELLY: Skuntz; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H . R. 1877. A bill for the relief of Roberto H. J. Res.111. Joint resolution proposing Fantuzzi; to the Cam·mittee on the Judiciary. H. R. 1903. A bill for the relief of Rabbi an amendment to the Constitution of the Moshe Rosenblatt; to the Committee on the United States relative to the making of H. R. 1878. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Judiciary. Gertrud Maria Schurhoff; to the Committee treaties and executive agreements; to the By Mr. FRIEDEL (by request): on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. · H. R. 1904. A bill for the relief of Joannis By Mr. RILEY: By Mr. BOYKIN: H. R. 1879. A bill for the relief of Luisa (John) Kritikos; to the Committee on the H . J. Res. 112. Joint resolution to release Judiciary. reversionary right to improvements on a Gemma Toffani and Rosa Sometti; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 1905. A bill for the relief of Hugo Ed· 3-acre tract in Orangeburg County, S. C.; to ward Kullberg; to the Committee on the the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 1880. A bill for the relief of E. Judiciary. Brevard Walker and E. Brevard Walker, Jr., By Mr. STEED: H. R. 1906. A bill for the relief of Fay H. J. Res. 113. Joint resolution to establish trading as E. B. Walker & Son Lumber Co.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Jeanette Lee; to the Committee on the the Highway Finance Corporation; to the Judiciary. Committee on Banking and Currency. H. R. 1881. A bill for the relief of Bianca By Mr. WINSTEAD: Carpensee and Margherita Bruni; to the By Mr. GUBSER: H. J. Res. 114. Joint resolution designating Committee on the Judiciary. II. R. 1907. A bill for the relief of James the 26th day of May of each year, beginning By Mr. BROWN of Ohio: Wilson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. with the year 1955, as National Hillbilly H. R. 1882. A bill for the relief of Eva Ells· By Mr. HAGEN: Music Day; to the Committee on the Ju abeth Uber English; to the Committee on H. R. 1908. A bill for the relief of Chu Hal diciary. the Judiciary. Chou; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CORBETT: H. R. 1883. A bill for the relief of Mar· H. R. 1909. A bill for the relief of Rodolfo H . Res. 76. Resolution amending the rules garete Gartner; to the Committee on the Pugeda de la Cerna; to the Committee on of the House of Representatives so as to re· Judiciary. the Judiciary. store the 21-day rule; to the Committee on By Mr. BUCKLEY: By Mr. HAND: Rules. H . R. 1884. A bill for the relief of Vitus H. R. 1910. A bill for the relief of Blanka By Mr. HILL: Johannes De Vries · and his wife, Antonie Goldstein; to the Committee on the Judi· H. Res. 77. Resolution cre·ating a Standing Paula Else De Vries; to the Committee on ciary. Committee on Small Business in the House the Judiciary. H. R. 1911. A bill for the relief of Charlotte of Representatives; to the Committee on H. R. 1885. A bill for the relief of Orlando Schwalm; to the Committee on the Judi Rules. Lucarini; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ciary. By Mr. KEATING: H. R . 1912. A bill for the relief of Howard H . Res. 78. Resolution to appoint a select H. R. 1886. A bill for the relief of Irving I. Erdheim; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Rieck; to the Committee on the Judiciary. committee regarding the conduct of investi· H. R. 1887. A bill for the relief of Dr. Tsi H. R. 1913. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Anna gations; to the Committee on Rules. Elizabeth Doherty; to the Committee on the By Mr. WHITTEN: Au Li (Tsi Gziou Li), Ru Ping Li, Teh Yu Li Judiciar~. - H. Res. 79. Resolution creating a select (a minor), and Teh Chu Li (a minor); to the committee to conduct an investigation and Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HOEVEN: study of the use of facilities and manpower H. R. 1888. A bill for the relief of Sister H. R. 1914. A bill for the relief of Shalom by the Department of Defense and by other Lelia Juditta Rorai; to the Committee on the Fred Ron; to the Committee on the Judi· departments and agencies of the Govern· Judiciary. ciary. ment; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. BYRD: By Mr. HOLTZMAN: By Mr. ROGERS of Texas: H. R. 1889. A bill for the relief of Dr. H. R. 1915. A bill for the relief of Donata H. Res. 80. Resolution to provide funds for George Hsi-Sun Chen; to the Committee on Giorgio; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the expenses of the select committee author· the Judiciary. H. R. 1916. A bill for the relief of Markos ized by House Resolution 60; to the Com· H. R . 1890. A bill for the relief of Dr. T.' F. G. Kaminis; to the Committee on the Judi· mittee on House Administration. Tsa i; to the Committee on the Judiciary. clary. 216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 10 H. R. 1917. A bill for the relief of Ezra By Mr. LANHAM: H . R . 1974. A bill for the relief of Shirley Chitayat; his wife, Violet; and their daugh· H. R. 1948. A bill for the relief of John W. Rothra; to the Committee on the Judici ters, Georgette and Linda; to the Committee Grady Cobb; to the Committee on the Ju . ary. on the Judiciary. diciary. By Mr. RIEHLMAN: By Mr. HORAN: H. R. 1949. A bill for the relief of Dr. H. R. 1975. A bill for the relief of Hanka H. R. 1918. A bill for the relief of Hal A. Alfredo Garcia Gordillo, Mrs. Concepcion and Kenneth Kerman; to the Committee on Marchant; to the Committee on the Judi· Garcia Benet, Alfredo Garcia Garcia, and the Judiciary. ciary. Maria Angeles Garcia Garcia; to the Commit By Mr. RODINO: H. R. 1919. A bill to authorize the award tee on the Judiciary. H. R. 1976. A bill for the . relief of Luigi of a medal to Clyde· Pangborn and Hugh By Mr. LONG: Tomasella; to the Committee on the Judi Herndon, Jr.; to the Committee on Banking H. R. 1950. A bill for the relief of Stjepan ciary. and Currency. B. Carija, Nevenka Olga Carija, Tatjana Mira H. R. 1977. A bill for the relief of Julio By Mr. JOHNSON of California: Carija, and Igor Ivan Carija; to the Com Martinez-Lopez; to the Committee on the H. R. 1920. A bill for the relief of Ane Karlic mittee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Vlasich; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. McCARTHY: H. R . 1978. A bill for the relief of Ying H. R. 1921. A bill for the relief of Alex H. R. 1951. A bill for the relief of George Kie Mok; to the Committee on the Judiciary. andria S. Balasko; ·to the Committee on the Lahood; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ROGERS of CEXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
The President's State of the Union used to swing votes last fall. ·Th.e Federal action is long since past due. From ex Government today generates only about 13 perience we know that the executive Message percent of our electricity, as contrasted with 81 percent by private utility corporations. branch of government will not correct With the President recognizing that Fed this grossly unjust situation. In fact, it EXTENSION OF REMARKS eral kilowatts are but a small segment of the ·has yet to take the first effective step to OF national total, Hells Canyon cannot be con limit this importation of foreign residual sidered as in any way contributing toward a fuel oil. Therefore, this limitation of HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER possible Federal power monopoly. imports must come through congres OF OREGON Thus the state of the Union address ef sional action and we must act now. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES fectively repudiates one of the principal arguments used to oppos.e and block a high In conclusion, let me point out that Monday, January 10, 1955 multipurpose dam in Hells Canyon-the this same foreign product has washed out . kind of dam advocated in the famous 308 coal production capacity that is vital to Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, I report of the Army engineers. a defense program. If an emergency ask unanimous consent to have printed I urge authorization of such a project should come, none of the platitudinous in the RECORD a brief statement which by the 84th Congress. statements about high levels of trade will I released on January 10, 1955, regard be of any value in meeting the demands ing the President's state of the Union of a·stepped-up industrial effort in a fuel address, and the comments contained hungry mobilization economy. We will therein on the role of the Federal Gov Imports of Foreign Residual Fuel Oil need coal and more coal, but we will not ernment in developing hydroelectric get it unless we act now to keep our coal power. EXTENSION OF REMARKS mines open in the interim period. There being no objection, the state _ment was ordered to be printed in the OF RECORD, as follows: HON. ELIZABETH KEE STATEMENT BY HoN. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, OF OF WEST VIRGINIA A Department of Urbiculture OREGON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In his state of the Union message on January 6, 1955, President Eisenhower aban Monday, January 10, 1955 EXTENSION OF REMARKS doned the pretense of an impending Federal Mrs. KEE. Mr. Speaker, today I in OF · power monopoly, which has so long served troduced in the House of Representatives as a political scarecrow for the · opponents of continued public power development in a bill to establish quota limitations on HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER the Columbia River Basin. imports of foreign residual fuel oil. This OF CALIFORNIA Inasmuch as the likelihood of a Federal bill is designed to check the present un IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . power monopoly has been cited by Secretary fair competition now facing the coal in McKay as a main reason for abandoning the dustry of the United States. The con .Monday, January 10, 1955 magnificent Hells Canyon power site to the tinued unrestricted flow of cheap, foreign Idaho Power Co., I call upon the Secretary ·residual fuel oil created this unfair com Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker I am to reverse his stand. petition. today reintroducing my bill for 'the crea At McNary Dam in Oregon, on September tion of a Department of Urbiculture at 23, 1954, the President warned against Fed The depression now existing in the ·coal producing areas of the United States Cabinet level to deal with the special eral operation of a gigantic, overwhelming problems and welfare of municipalities. nationwide power monopoly. i::: unprecedented in the history of the On November 4, 1954, Budget Director entire industry. It is heartbreaking to These include such economic and so Hughes warned against committing the Na see the mass unemployment; workers cial problems as slums, dope, juvenile de- tion to a policy of establishing a nationwide denied the right to employment through linquency, housing, and smog. · Federal power monopoly. no fault of their own i:a one of America's Smog, fast becoming a nationwide In campaign speeches in Oregon, the Sec problem in metropolitan areas, was men retary of the Interior likewise warned fre major and most important industries. quently against this so-called Federal power This unemployment, with its resultant tioned by .the President in his state-of monopoly. unrest, has also spread to the railroads the-Union message as a problem in need But. in his 1955 state of the Union message and other major industries dependent of a strengthened combative program. to the Congress, the President flatly de upon the production of coal. This would fall under the jurisdiction of clared that "Federal :p.ydroelectric develop On a recent trip to Europe I had an · the new department, if created. ment supply but a small fraction of the . opportunity to see at first hand a number The bill, which I introduced last July Natio'n's power needs." shortly before adjournment of the 83d I think this is symbolic of the administra of communities where industrial recovery tion's confusion in the field of power. · It has been slow and real prosperity is still Congress, has created tremendous inter . emphasizes why our great public-power not in sight. Let me point out, how est among Washington legislators, who program in the Pacific Northwest has come . ever, that nowhere did I find the eco- feel it could lead to the solution of one to a standstill under this administration. nomic stagnation that has enveloped the of the most important problems of For many months the President and his coal producing communities of West Vir American cities. leading subordinates warned us of the im- . ginia since foreign residual oil began its When the Department of Agriculture . minence of a Federal power m'Onopoly. Now was established in 1862, 80 percent of the the President himself tells the Nation that relentless surge into the fuel markets of the Federal Government generates only a the east coast. population lived on farms. Now the sit tiny portion of the cbuntry's waterpower. To my way of thinking, our first obli uation is reversed, with 85 percent in '!'his, of course, is the true situatron; rather gation is· here at home, and for that urban communities and only 15 percent than the misleading talk of Federal monopoly reason I would say that the time for rural.