Diplôme De Docteur Vétérinaire Contribution a L'étude Des

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Diplôme De Docteur Vétérinaire Contribution a L'étude Des REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique Institut des Sciences Université Saad Vétérinaires- Blida Dahlab-Blida 1- Projet de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Docteur Vétérinaire Contribution a l’étude des endoparasites et ectoparasites de certains reptiles dans différentes localités algériennes. Présenté par Yahiaoui Amir Abderrahmane Devant le jury : Président(e) : Rachid Nebri MCB INSVB Examinateur : Adel. Djallal MCB INSVB Promoteur : Marniche Faiza MCA ENSV Co-promoteur : Djoudi Mustapha MCB INSVB Année : 2018 /2019 1 Dédicaces Je dédie ce travail à : Tous mes enseignants, grâce auxquels j’ai beaucoup appris, Tous ceux qui m’ont aidé à mener à terme ce travail, Tous les miens : Mes parents, pour leur soutien constant et leurs encouragements.. Ma sœur Ilhem et mon frère Nour, pour leurs appuis présence et soutien A ma famille, mes grand-mères et grands-pères . A mes tantes et oncles maternelles et paternelles A Monsieur Khaled Slimani a qui je dois le choix de cette thèse, et qui m’a beaucoup appris en médecine vétérinaire Au Docteur Kaddari Amina, ses conseils et son aide pour la rédaction de cette thèse ont été très précieux. A mes amis de Médéa, notamment Abdelkader, Ahmed, Sonia, Abdou, Zaki, Ilyes A Lyna pour ton aide soutien et amitié durant toutes ces années A Riadh pour ton aide soutien et autres …. Et a touts mes chers a Fouka A Aymen Pendola pour m’avoir hébergé durant l’élaboration de la partie pratique du mémoire A Brahim du zoo d’Oran pour son aide A Belkacem Chemani et Mohamed de Benchicao qui m’ont aidé à capturer les tortues. A mes amis de l’INSV de Blida : Yahia, Imane Achit et Hadjer pour leur aide et soutien durant l’élaboration de cette thèse. A Imen Yousfi pour son amitié, son soutien et son aide à la capture des reptiles. A mes amis de la cité 3 : Akram , Abdou , Basset , Oussama, Brahim. 2 A mes amis de l’INSV de Tiaret, notamment Mohamed, Hichem, Halim, Mehdi et Yacine. Et à tous ceux que les reptiles ne répugnent pas. Remerciements « S’il importe de réussir, l’essentiel c’est d’entreprendre » Rank Xerox Je remercie tous ceux qui ont contribué à l’entreprise de ce travail, notamment : Je tiens à exprimer toute ma gratitude à ma promotrice, Docteur Marniche Faiza. Je la remercie de m’avoir encadré, orienté, aidé et conseillé. Docteur Djoudi Mustapha, mon copromoteur. Ses conseils ont été très précieux. Docteur Nebri Rachid qui m’a fait l’honneur d’accepter la présidence du jury de thèse, qu’il trouve ici l’expression de nos vifs remercîments. Docteur Adel Djallal qui a accepté d’examiner ma thèse, qu’il trouve ici le témoignage de ma gratitude. À tous, je réitère mes vifs remerciements, mon profond respect et ma gratitude. 3 Résumé : La présente étude porte essentiellement sur l’inventaire des parasites et ectoparasites dans les fèces de reptiles et plus particulièrement chez les tortues grecques. Les prélèvements ont été effectués durant la période allant du mois de juin à septembre 2018, dans différentes localités algériennes. L’analyse des fèces des reptiles étudiés, nous a permis d’identifier deux phylum : les Némathelminthes et les protozoaires. Cependant dans le parc zoologique d’Oran, les hôtes analysés dans la présente étude étaient négatifs pour les helminthes et les coccidies et cela est probablement dû au fait que le nombre d’hôtes étudiés est restreint. Nous remarquons qu’une seule espèce d’ectoparasite infeste les tortues grecques dans différentes localités algériennes, l’ Hyalomma aegytium, avec des taux qui varient d’une région à l’autre. Aucune étude de prévalence n’a été réalisée à ce jour chez des reptiles élevés en captivité en Algérie. Il est nécessaire de poursuivre la surveillance sanitaire de ces nouvelles espèces d’animaux de compagnie et de mettre en œuvre des règles d’hygiène strictes relatives aux détenteurs et manipulateurs de ces animaux. Mots clés : Algérie , Ectoparasites, Endoparasites, Reptiles . 4 Abstract : The present study focuses on the inventory of parasites and ectoparasites in the faeces of reptiles and more particularly in Greek turtles. Samples were taken during the period from June to September 2018, in different Algerian localities. The analysis of the faeces of reptiles studied, allowed us to identify two phylum: the Nemathelminthes and protozoa. However, in the Oran Zoo, the hosts analyzed in this study were negative for helminths and coccidia and this is probably due to the fact that the number of hosts studied is limited. We note that only one species of ectoparasite infests Greek turtles in different Algerian localities, Hyalomma aegytium, with rates that vary from one region to another. No prevalence studies have been conducted to date in captive-bred reptiles in Algeria. It is necessary to continue the health surveillance of these new pet species and to implement strict hygiene rules for the bearers and handlers of these animals. Keywords: Algeria , ectoparasites, endoparasites , Reptiles . 5 انًهخض : حشكض انذساست انحانُت ػهً حظش انطفُهُاث وانطفُهُاث انخاسجُت فٍ بشاص انضواحف وبشكم خاص فٍ انسﻻحف انُىَاَُت. حى أخز ػُُاث خﻻل انفخشة يٍ َىَُى إنً سبخًبش 8108 ، فٍ يىاقغ جضائشَت يخخهفت. ححهُم انبشاص يٍ انضواحف انخٍ حًج دساسخها ، سًح نُا بخحذَذ َىػٍُ: انًُُاحُهًُُاث وانبشوحىصوا. ويغ رنك ، فٍ حذَقت حُىاَاث وهشاٌ ، كاَج يضُفاث حى ححهُهها فٍ هزِ انذساست سهبُت بانُسبت نهذَذاٌ وانكىكسُذَا ، وسبًا َشجغ رنك إنً حقُقت أٌ ػذد انًضُفٍُ انزٍَ حًج دساسخهى يحذود. َﻻحظ أٌ َى ػًا واح ًذا فقط يٍ انطفُهُاث انخاسجُت َظُب انسﻻحف انُىَاَُت فٍ أياكٍ جضائشَت يخخهفت ، هُانىيا أَجُخُىو ، بؼًذﻻث حخخهف يٍ يُطقت إنً أخشي. نى َخى إجشاء دساساث اَخشاس حخً اٌِ فٍ انضواحف انًىنىدة فٍ انجضائش. يٍ انضشوسٌ يىاطهت انشقابت انظحُت ػهً هزِ اﻷَىاع انجذَذة يٍ انحُىاَاث اﻷنُفت وحُفُز قىاػذ انُظافت انظاسيت نحايهٍ هزِ انحُىاَاث ويًىنُها. انكهًاث انًفخاحُت: انضواحف ، انطفُهُاث انذاخهُت ، انطفُهُاث انخاسجُت ، انجضائش 6 Résumé : ................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract : ............................................................................................................................... 5 6 ............................................................................................................................الملخص : Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 Chapitre I : Bibliographie ..................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Généralités sur les Reptiles : ................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Systématique ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Les Chéloniens (Tortues) : ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Les Rhyncocephales : ................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2.3 Les Crocodiliens : ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.4 Les Squamates : ......................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.5 Taxonomie des reptiles : ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Les espèces de reptiles présentes en Algérie : ......................................................................... 13 1.4 Biologie des Reptiles .............................................................................................................. 14 1.4.1 Anatomie et morphologie ......................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Aspect général ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.3 Thermorégulation ...................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.4 Reproduction ............................................................................................................................................. 15 1.4.5 Mues .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.6 Distribution et habitat ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.7 Ennemis naturels et défense ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.4.8 Écologie et comportement ........................................................................................................................ 16 1.5. Les maladies parasitaires des reptiles : .................................................................................. 16 1.5.1 Principaux parasites des tortues ......................................................................... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 1.5.1.1 Principaux parasites digestifs des tortues .........................................................................................
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