Inside This Edition Volume 12 Number 10 December 2000 Publisher’s Commentary 4 We need a “mission statement” 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East not a licence Suite 254 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Correspondence 6 Phn: (905) 640-3048 Fax: (905) 640-7547 e-mail: [email protected] South Simcoe’s PT Cruiser cruiser 7 - Publisher - Morley S. Lymburner e-mail: [email protected] Technology 9 Techno-mobiles hit the road - General Manager - Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. Camrose brings the past to the present 12 e-mail: [email protected]

- Editor-In-Chief - Police officer DARE(s) to be different 12 Blair McQuillan e-mail: [email protected] 2001 Michigan State Police Tests 14

- Advertising - Policing the Ewatski way 16 Mary Lymburner Winnipeg chief is committed to honesty, Rhonda Shuker From the cover of this issue, to The Back integrity, trust, respect and excellence Bob Murray Of The Book, it is evident that motorized vehi- cles is the theme for December. - Pre-press Production - Guelph chief steps down 18 On the cover, South Simcoe Police Chief Del Wall Bruce Davis, proudly shows off the force’s 2001 - News Editor - Beaton to head Calgary force 19 PT Cruiser. The car has become quite an attrac- Les Linder tion in the towns of Innisfil and Bradford West e-mail: [email protected] An officer and a student 20 Gwillimbury, Ont. To learn more about this Halifax cop poses as teen to bust criminals unique police vehicle turn to page 7. - Contributing Editors - Car enthusiasts can also catch a glimpse of Communication Skills Terry Barker what the automobile industry has to offer by Ontario forces take to the sky 21 Police Leadership Robert Lunney reading the submission by Technology Editor Tactical Firearms Dave Brown to fight crime Tom Rataj. On page 9 of this edition, Tom ex- Technology Tom Rataj amines the future of automobile innovations and Case Law Gino Arcaro Industry Platform 24 accessories. Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: Helicopters For those of you who fancy automobiles of 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, the past, turn to page 12. There you will find Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. the story of a 1956 Dodge Crusader and how Individual magazines are $3.50 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 List of Advertisers 25 per year or $40.00 for 2 years. (US/Foreign - $50.00) the Camrose Police Service turned a rusty old vehicle into a treasured jewel. All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication Product News 32 may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, A number of Ontario police services have electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or recently taken to the sky with patrol helicop- by any information storage or retrieval system without permission Emergency-related standards 34 from the publisher. Internet activity is monitored and use of ters. Some enjoyed such great success that they material on the Internet is restricted. A source of occupational health now operate their own air units, while others All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been made and safety liability are still in the review stage. To get caught up on with the publisher. how these pioneers are faring, turn to page 21. The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the Bandwagons 36 When you’re done reading about the On- application or adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or How did loyalty get a bad name? tario experience, check out the Industry Plat- considerations presented in this magazine. Readers are cautioned form on page 24. There you will find five avia- and advised that articles presented herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should not be used for further tion companies willing to share their knowl- action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a Case Law 38 edge and experience regarding the manufacture supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. Another “Sobriety Test” Analysis Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent and design of their machines. publication designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the The Saskatoon Police Service and the RCMP skills of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and The Blue Line Reading Library 39 were the co-hosts of Saskatoon’s Women in Po- articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions of any government, licing Conference held in October. Shelley Ballard- police, or law enforcement agency. Blue Line Magazine is a McKinlay was in attendance and files a smash- private venture and as such is not funded by any level of Blue Line Classified 40 government agency, union or association. ing review which can be found on page 42. Printed in Canada by Garson Graphic Services Inc. Women in policing conference 42 Don Arscott, the guest columnist for this month’s Vitality column, asks readers to iden- - Affiliations- a motivating success International Association of Law Enforcement Planners tify the most common missing ingredient in most Canadian Advertising Rates & Data exercise routines. The answer, which can be International Police Association Vitality 44 The Police Leadership Forum found on page 44, may surprise you. The Canadian Press Newswire The most common missing ingredient At The Back Of The Book, columnist Periodical Publishers Exchange Robert Stevens supplies us with his views on ISSN #0847 8538 The Back Of The Book 46 the “war against the privately owned motor- Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail The war against the privately car.” Naturally, your comments are expected. Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 owned motorcar Happy Holidays.

December 2000 3 Blue Line Magazine

We need a “mission statement” not a licence by Morley Lymburner radical ideas as a complete psychiatric evalua- Over a century has passed by and we still We are living in an age when the drivers tion and even anger management courses. haven’t gotten the message. Before the skill is licence has no meaning. Its original concept was This idea is not new. Way back in the late tested we should make sure the head and atti- to prove to the police, and not necessarily the 19th century Henry Ford did just that. After tude is straight. public, that the holder of the licence was tested an accident involving a young lad crossing a and possessed the requisite skills to handle a roadway Henry was so shaken that he felt he motor vehicle on a public highway. This skill, had to do something to assure the public that Respond to Morley Lymburner on although still very important, does not go far his future operation of the motor car was go- enough for the volumes of traffic the modern ing to be performed with the utmost care and motorist must contend with. good judgement. He went to the Detroit city I would propose as an alternative, or in addi- hall and swore out a statement that he would tion to, the drivers licence that each candidate be do just that. required to fill out a mission statement in the form of how they intend to operate their vehicle. “I, John Doe, promise to skillfully operate my motor vehicle in a manner that will be cour- teous and with consideration for other persons using the highway at all times.” Sound a little too far fetched? If you are walking down a sidewalk and a person stepped out in front of you from a store and narrowly misses bumping into you what would the conversation go like. In all probability you and the errant person would both start off by saying “excuse me.” The per- son who was the obvious innocent party would almost instinctively say “that’s okay... no harm done.” The incident would not even bear enough significance in the course of a busy day to even be remembered. In fact it is almost certain that both parties would laugh about it. The problem occurs when we place these same two people inside a steel cocoon and be- tween the curbs of a highway. Because of the impersonal nature of steel and glass everything is transformed into hulking machinery doing the manoeuvring and apparently divorced from the obvious human behind the wheel. “That car just cut me off!” No it didn’t. That person just cut you off. And that person in all probability passed all the tests required to demonstrate their skill at not doing that in an inadvertent fashion. In other words the S.O.B. probably did it on purpose... “and my wrath must be quenched.” The mod- ern road warrior is born and fortified by the possession of a licence reminiscent of James Bond’s own licence. You know... the “licence to kill!” The “Mission Statement”, as opposed to the drivers licence, is a public document that explains to the world that the person has prom- ised to act in a predictable conscientious man- ner when they enter the roadway. The skill test- ing which accompanies the drivers licence gets the motor skills and road knowledge down pat. The mission statement gets the head straight. I would even suggest that every motorist be re- quired to go to a justice of the peace or notary public and have their mission statement sworn and then attached to the dash of the car as a constant reminder. When a person fails to uphold the stand- ards to which they have sworn then their privi- lege to drive is revoked until they take meas- ures to assure the public that they intend to comply in the future. This could include such

December 2000 5 Blue Line Magazine I believe in giving credit where credit is due. Thanks to Simonne Ferguson for her letter Apart from those convicted of criminal negli- I recently turned in a paper on media and police in response to my article on consecutive life gence causing death or impaired driving causing relations, and would like to thank Blue Line sentences (Life sentences are only for Senators, death, a number of those committing culpable Magazine on their series dealing with the media. August/September). She correctly quoted me homicide are allowed to plead to or are found Although police and media relations is a as stating: “Convicted killers average about seven guilty of manslaughter (as with Homolka). very important topic, there is not that much years.” I stand by what I said although I must While the maximum penalty for manslaughter relevant info out there on the topic. apologize for the brevity of the statement. is life imprisonment, there is absolutely no mini- I’d like to thank John Muldoon in particular Ms. Ferguson, in refuting my claim, states mum whatsoever, except where a firearm is used, for the series, and Blue Line for publishing these that convicted murderers face minimum sen- and then it is four years. articles, because these articles created the base tences greater than seven years. True enough. Homolka’s penalty was 12 years, unusu- on which to write this research. Again, you have But my reference was to “killers”. As she well ally harsh for manslaughter, but she will be eli- my sincerest gratitude. I’ll let you know how knows, not all killers who are convicted are found gible for full parole much sooner. my paper was graded when I get it back. guilty of murder. Never the less they are guilty The case I best remember is from some years Pierre-Marc Larocque of culpable homicide. ago where a Toronto police detective shot his Posted on The Blue Line Forum Consider the notorious Karla Homolka. wife and dismembered her body, which he then scattered across a wide area of Ontario. He was allowed to plead out to manslaughter, for which be received a princely sentence of 10 years, but he was out in 36 months flat. More of a license than a sentence. To the best of my knowledge he still lives quietly, free as a bird on his police pension. Robert Stevens

I am a graduate of the police foundations program at Niagara College. I enjoyed your magazine while I attended college and I find Mr. Arcaro’s case law articles very informative. I have been reading through the copies that I re- ceived during my last year and realized what a useful tool they are in keeping up on all the latest legal developments. Thank you very much for publishing this magazine and keep up the great work. Kate Myles

In regards to your May 2000 edition arti- cle “Just being there is what counts”. I work for the Metropolitan Toronto Housing Author- ity, Security Services Branch, I’ve been the branches mountain bike instructor for the past six years. On page seven your magazine has a nice picture of an officer straddling a mountain bike while conversing with a student. Nice picture, however, I have some concern over the inter- viewing technique used by the officer. I’ve been instructing officers to never interview anyone while straddling the bike or having the bike be- hind you. I agree the photo makes a nice picture and no doubt set up that way by the photographer. However, practice makes perfect. The officer should be off the bike, standing behind it so the bike is between her and the student. I spend a whole day devoted to interview- ing techniques, self defence etc. in addition to two days of riding skills and HTA. I trust the officers receive some training from a law en- forcement agency. Please, except this as constructive criticism. You have an excellent magazine that is read by a number of our officers here and I thoroughly enjoy your articles. Keep up the great work and all the best. Ken Lewkoski

December 2000 6 Blue Line Magazine South Simcoe’s PT Cruiser cruiser by Blair McQuillan

When Bruce Davis, the chief of the South Simcoe Police Serv- ice, decided his agency needed a new community police vehicle he had a con- cept in mind. Davis was looking for some- thing that would turn heads in the towns of Innisfil and Bradford West Gwillimbury, which his service is responsible for policing. He wanted a vehicle that was rare. He wanted something that would wear the em- blem of his police service with class and style. He wanted something that people weren’t used to seeing on the road everyday. “It’s fair to say we wanted something that was going to be a little different,” the chief says with a smile. Enter the Chrysler PT Cruiser. Or the “PT Cruiser cruiser” as Davis likes to refer to it. The 2001 PT Cruiser has seen a lot of ac- tion in South Simcoe since it was purchased in TRAFFIC STOPPER: The 2001 Chrysler PT Cruiser is a real crowd pleaser. The May. The four cylinder, four-speed automatic car has been used as a community relations vehicle by the police service since May. is used as a community relations vehicle. Com- munity service officers use it when visiting of it from a public relations standpoint. It re- who want to examine the car and tell stories schools, it has appeared at a number of commu- ally draws a crowd.” about the first vehicles they owned, or tales of nity events and will be featured in the local However, children and teens aren’t the only hot rods they had which were similar to the PT Santa Claus Parade. ones who are interested in viewing the “Cruiser Cruiser. “We though it would give us the edge in cruiser”. The design of the car, which is a throw- “The design of it is really timeless,” says dealing with kids, and even teenagers, because back to the age of the hot rods, draws the atten- Davis, a self-described motoring enthusiast. it’s a cool car,” said Davis, “That’s why we tion of older car enthusiasts as well. With Davis currently serving as the presi- proceeded with it. Davis says officers using the vehicle have dent of the Ontario Association of Chiefs of “We’ve just had phenomenal success out been approached by people in the community Police, the cruiser has been on double duty. Davis has used the vehicle to help promote a number of initiatives including the association’s OACP Bell QuickChange card program. The vehicle was also a crowd-pleaser re- Officer remembered for love of life cently at a Chrysler product launch held in To- ronto. Davis said many of the Chrysler corpo- More than 200 hundred “As a police com- rate dealers were very impressed with the way officers, some from as far munity, we grieve the loss the PT Cruiser had been incorporated into the away as Ontario, gather in of one of our finest, but policing culture. October to pay tribute to a for those of us who were In fact, the chief believes the South Simcoe’s fallen Halifax officer. fortunate enough to have Chrysler is the only PT Cruiser being used by a Cst. Sigurd Holtan, who graduated from the class police service in Canada. was also known as Ziggy, of ’75, we share an even The Chrysler’s decal design mimics that of died of an apparent heart at- deeper loss,” Cst. Chuck the police service’s regular patrol vehicles and tack while on duty. The 25- Schofield wrote in a let- the silver colour is the same tone used by their year police veteran was con- ter dedicated to Holtan. community service and canine vehicles. The ducting a stolen car investi- “From the beginning, we specialized license plate “O SSID” is a refer- gation when he collapsed. knew that we had ence to South Simcoe’s strict enforcement pro- Holtan, 46, will be re- amongst us a very spe- gram dubbed Operation Seatbelt, Speed and membered as a positive in- cial person, a big coun- Impaired Driving. dividual who was dedicated Cst. Sigurd Holtan try boy with a zest for So what does Davis think of the police to policing. He took an ac- life that would bring a force’s newest community service vehicle? tive roll in the community, both at work and smile to your face with every encounter.” “It really fills the need it was designed for,” in his spare time. The officer had a keen Halifax Regional Police spokeswoman, he says. “And this car is really fun to drive.” interest in Child Find Nova Scotia and also Judy Pal, said Holtan will be sorely missed volunteered with the Boy Scouts. by his family, friends and colleagues. Chief Bruce Davis can be contacted at 705 436-4263.

December 2000 7 Blue Line Magazine

Techno-mobiles hit the road Today’s automobile has become a mobile showcase of innovations by Tom Rataj Greater Volts All the high-tech gadgets and equipment being installed into mod- From its humble beginnings just ern cars also requires a more robust over 100 years ago, the automobile electrical system to work efficiently. has slowly progressed from a crudely The standard 12-volt automotive fashioned horse-less carriage, to a power system doesn’t cope very well high-tech precision automobile with all the demands (especially in packed with electronics and manufac- something like the modern police tured with highly sophisticated ma- car). terials and processes. The solution to this problem, During the last 30 years there has which is being actively worked on been an increasingly rapid shift to- by most major automotive compa- wards electronic controls and sys- nies, is a 42-volt system. In all likely- tems that manage every facet of a hood this will be introduced to the modern car’s design, manufacture and market within three to five years. Its function. The earliest additions in- introduction will likely coincide with cluded such things as electronic fuel NO-WHEEL STEERING: Could we someday be driving with the introduction of the first genera- injection and generously labelled en- joysticks like the ones on the Daimler-Chrysler R129? tion of fuel cell vehicles, which cre- gine management “computers”. Both ates an excellent opportunity to make of these added some greatly needed electronic that it may be a contributing factor in some the switch. control and precision to the function of the en- crashes. Police equipment makers will certainly have gine and fuel system, provided improved fuel Major fleet administrators will also want to be ready to introduce products prior to the economy, cleaner combustion and improved to pay attention to the new carbon filament- switch or risk being left out. Police and other performance. reinforced ceramic brake disks developed and large fleet operators will also have to be pre- On the other hand, some innovations such produced by Mercedes-Benz. With a stagger- pared to service new vehicles equipped with as digital dashboards and “talking” warning sys- ing 300,000 km (yes, a three followed by five the new 42 volt system. This will likely in- tems were introduced in the usual “we’re doing zeros) service life, these disks are sure to out- volve the purchase of new equipment and up- it because we can” enthusiasm, while providing live the average police patrol car. Limited pro- dated training for service personnel. questionable benefits to the motoring public. duction of these brake disks has already taken The latest wave of high-tech dashboard appli- place for an exclusive version of a Mercedes Smart Cruising ances such as navigation systems and Internet model, with no apparent regular production or Another major convenience feature added enabled devices seems to follow very closely in licensing plans in the works. to cars in the last 25 years or so was cruise the footsteps of these earlier electronic gizmos. control. It is a great feature for long distance Fortunately, there are also numerous genu- No Gasoline driving, which is now being upgraded to “elec- ine high-tech innovations that provide signifi- Perhaps the single most significant trans- tronic proximity-controlled cruise control”. cant benefits in terms of safety and security. portation technology on the immediate horizon Using a radar sensor coupled to a small on- How these new products will affect the public is the fuel cell. In its purist form, a fuel cell board computer, the system measures a variety at large remains to be seen. generates electricity by combining liquid hy- of factors and automatically adjusts the vehi- drogen and oxygen. It produces no by-prod- cle’s speed to avoid conflicts with other vehi- Thinking Brakes ucts other than water vapour. cles. It has been successfully tested in real-world Probably the first genuine technological in- The electricity generated by the fuel cell driving conditions and is said to provide a safe novation that really made a difference to the feeds one or more electric motors that then and relaxing drive. average motorist were anti-lock brakes (ABS). propel the vehicle. There are a variety of pro- Another related technology available do- Pioneered in the automobile by Mercedes-Benz, totypes on the market already, some of which mestically on various cars is a reverse-sensor ABS provided real-world safety benefits to driv- can use regular gasoline in lieu of hydrogen, that is built into the rear bumper. Using the ers everywhere. although they are not zero emission vehicles. same basic concept as the proximity-control- Adapted from the aircraft industry, ABS The biggest impediments to this technology led cruise control, it provides feedback to the combines precise mechanical and electronic are the economics of producing, shipping and driver to avoid backing into objects behind the parts to provide maximum braking power. Not storing the hydrogen fuel, and building a small vehicle. only does this provide braking efficiency far enough fuel cell to fit into a typical automo- Again, from the automotive safety leader, beyond what a driver is capable of, but it also bile. Mercedes, comes the Electronic Stability Pro- allows the driver to steer the car while braking The world leader in this technology is Van- gram. This technology automatically stabilizes heavily (and hopefully avoiding a crash). couver-based Ballard Power Systems. A good a car that is on the threshold of going out of ABS has since gone on to become standard indicator of their expertise and the anticipated control. It controls the braking system and the equipment on most new cars, which thankfully market for this technology are the substantial engine to prevent dangerous loss of control. It also includes police cars. The leading edge of investments in Ballard made by Daimler- is the next logical extension of electronic trac- ABS technology includes various traction con- Chrysler, Ford Motor Co. and others. tion control and ABS. trol systems that use the ABS technology in The handling of liquid or gaseous hydrogen These technologies should provide a safety reverse by applying the brakes during accelera- also presents a wide range of problems relative benefit for most drivers and may actually pre- tion to stop or prevent wheel slippage. to motoring safety. Hydrogen fuelled vehicles vent some collisions. The electronic stability While the advantages of ABS are incredible, involved in collisions pose new risks to anyone system would certainly be of benefit if installed there has also been some research that shows involved in investigation or rescue. on police vehicles.

December 2000 9 Blue Line Magazine No-Wheel Steering and when installed more widely, should pro- Daimler-Chrysler recently introduced a vide some added benefit to the motoring public. concept-car based on the Mercedes SL Roadster Expect to see this system work its way down that actually has no steering wheel. from the high-end of the automotive market into The R129 uses two side-mounted joysticks the mainstream within the next few years. Hope- (like those in fighter aircraft and for computer fully it will eventually trickle down to the aver- games) to control acceleration, braking, steer- age consumer level (including police and other ing, signalling and honking of the horn. This emergency vehicles). concept car uses drive-by-wire technology to electronically control all the primary functions Black Boxes of the car. Drive-by-wire controls are not new, For years, commercial passenger airliners but this is the first time it has been applied have been equipped with flight data recorders, directly to the steering of a car. or black boxes, as they are more commonly While we are not likely to see this technol- known. Most large aircraft have one or more ogy on a regular production vehicle any time black boxes that record a wide variety of tech- nical and mechanical information, including soon, it presents a major change in the old auto- cockpit conversations and radio transmissions motive steering wheel based paradigm. Pilots Every time I direct traffic, I find that the that occur during a flight. In the event of a crash and video-game enthusiasts will feel right at only group of drivers I consistently have diffi- or other mishap, the black boxes are retrieved, home in this car, while the rest of us will have culty with, are those talking on cellular phones. and generally detail the events leading up to the to learn how to drive all over again. It does not seem to matter whether they are climax of the incident. Surfing On The Road using hands-free devices or not, their concen- As one might expect, the auto industry has If you thought cell-phones were dangerous tration is split between driving and holding a followed suit and started to install a variety of to use while driving, just imaging the carnage conversation and as such they become a hazard “vehicle data recorders,” or black boxes. with the implementation of web-enabled vehi- to everyone else. Both General Motors and Ford have begun cle navigation, communication and entertain- to install various types of these devices in a ment systems on the next generation of cars. Lighting variety of their vehicles. Primarily installed in Certainly it makes perfect sense to inte- Other than a few truck and specialty auto- fleet vehicles such as the Ford Crown Victoria grate many of these electronic systems into one, motive applications, the sealed beam headlight and Taurus, the black boxes record a wide vari- especially since they can use many of the same is virtually a thing of the past. Regular and halo- ety of vehicle functions. Designed with vehicle technologies. The coming revolution of digital gen sealed-beam units have even started to dis- maintenance and diagnostics in mind, they can audio broadcasting (DAB), which replaces AM appear from store shelves, being replaced by also record a wide variety of vehicle dynamics and FM radio, opens the door to the successful halogen bulbs that fit into aerodynamically ef- prior to and during a crash. implementation of on-board navigation systems ficient headlight assemblies. According to information from Vertronix, a and Internet access in cars. In the past three years the brilliantly bright manufacturer of Crash Data Retrieval software, There are numerous on-board navigation Xenon (pronounced “zenon”) bulb technology they have sold their software to American govern- systems on the market. Honda currently sells has displaced the standard halogen bulb in ment agencies such as the National Highway Traf- their Internavi system in the domestic Japanese higher-end cars. Distinguished by its bluish- fic Safety Administration and National Transpor- market, although it is likely to arrive soon in white colour and brightness, the Xenon bulb tation Safety Board, as well as several state police North America and Europe. It provides road and provides substantially more light than even the agencies and independent reconstructionists. De- Internet navigation and voice communication. best halogen bulbs. Major advances in the de- pendant on the model of black box there could be Major car-audio vendors such as Blaupunkt, sign and manufacture of precise headlight lenses some very detailed and conclusive evidence con- Alpine and Clarion, offer a variety of CD-ROM and reflectors have also allowed the Xenon bulb tained in it about a car crash. based or GPS connected navigation and enter- to make inroads in the market. This is likely to Electronic Concepts & Engineering Inc., an tainment units in various markets. become the standard in automotive lighting Ohio-based automotive supplier, manufactur- General Motors Corp. takes a slightly dif- within the next few years. ers a variety of these tissue-box sized automo- ferent path with their OnStar system. It uses Light emitting diode (LED) technology has tive black boxes for the Ford Motor Company. satellite-based technology to provide almost also been making steady inroads in the automo- They are installed in the Explorer, Taurus, F- constant contact between the customer and tive sector. First installed on small aerodynamic 150 Pickup and the Crown Victoria. GM’s OnStar centre. spoilers on the tails of sports cars, LED’s have These devices can certainly be of significant If the OnStar equipped vehicle is stolen, it now been utilized for general-purpose signals value during an investigation into a serious crash. on cars, trucks and buses. They are also being can be tracked. If the vehicle breaks down, the Conclusions problem can be diagnosed remotely. If the airbags used extensively to replace traffic signal lights. The early pioneers of the automotive indus- are deployed or the alarm is activated, the sys- The newest generation of LED technology try would be absolutely mesmerized at what their tem is automatically notified and help is sent to is up to five times brighter than previous gen- crude horse-less carriages have evolved into. the vehicle location without any customer in- erations, and offers a service life of more than tervention. In addition to the electronic con- 10,000 hours. Short of suffering physical dam- While many significant engineering improvements trols used by the system, operators can be called age in a collision, they will probably outlive the happened during the first 60 years, the rapid through the system to locate restaurants and vehicles they are installed in. development of electronics and computerized design in the last 30 years has overshadowed hotels in the area the subscriber is calling from. these early advances. Research statistics released by the Ameri- Wiped? Some of the recent innovations have been can National Highway Traffic Safety Adminis- Hella, one of the automotive world’s lead- tration and others show a direct correlation be- ing innovators in lighting has developed an au- nothing more than marketing driven toys that tween driver distractions, such as cell phones, tomatic windshield wiper system that is avail- provided little or no actual value to the average and crashes. This whole new breed of naviga- able on several luxury brands such as Mercedes- motorist. On the other hand, such genuine revo- lutions as ABS and airbags have saved countless tion systems and Internet enabled information Benz. Hella’s Raintronic system responds al- appliances becoming available has fortunately most instantly and dynamically to any type of lives and prevented many injuries and crashes. triggered some sober second thoughts. General precipitation meeting the windshield. Whether Motors has started a “SenseAble Driving” ini- it’s spray from another car or truck, driving rain Respond to Tom Rataj on ... tiative to study the whole issue and to come up or intermittent drizzle, the system automati- with practical solutions. Most navigation sys- cally detects and deals with it before it becomes tems shut-off the display if the vehicle is in a problem for the driver. drive. This is a neat little safety bonus for drivers,

December 2000 10 Blue Line Magazine Too many photo requests, officers say

Stetson-wearing Mounties who pose request their presence for special events for tourists to take photos are now seek- such as sporting events and rock concerts. ing compensation for the time and ef- Banff’s situation is unique in that un- forts they are putting forth. like other RCMP detachments, re- A small Banff detachment with quests for appearances are made 16 members has been overwhelmed non-stop and the RCMP policy with requests for photos of smil- was designed to handle one-time ing Mounties. events. The officers have volunteered Sgt. Don Pipher, a member of in the past to do so for free, but the Banff detachment, says they are now requesting permission receive at least two requests a week. from headquarters to charge companies for “There are a lot of requests for members to the modelling service and pay members over- go in red serge and most of the time we have to time. do it when members are off-duty because we Constables volunteer for dress uniform don’t have enough manpower,” Pipher was service when tour companies want to provide quoted as saying. customers with photo opportunities. Regardless of what the outcome is, Pipher Mounties would do this in exchange for a do- said the Banff Mounties will continue to have a nation to local charities, but now they want to member dressed in red serge during busy sum- be paid. mer months for two hours a day and for com- The Mounties are paid by companies that munity ceremonies. British bobbies opting for firearms

British bobbies in the county of Not- firearms, saying that the increasing use of tinghamshire aren’t just carrying batons any guns in violent crimes in the country have more. made the practice necessary. The police officers are now wearing Bobbies had used small batons for pro- sidearms when they are out on patrol. tection, then moved to larger clubs a few years Senior officers have defended the use of ago.

December 2000 11 Blue Line Magazine Camrose brings the past to present by Les Linder “This thing was just a bucket of bolts and rust,” he In March 1988, the Camrose Po- said. “The engine was a wreck lice Service embarked upon a and the whole car was going crusade to locate the force’s to need a whole lot of work. original cruiser. “It was simply incredible The vehicle the police serv- how willing people were to ice was seeking was a 1956 come out and help us rebuild Dodge Crusader purchased from Camrose Mo- that mess. We were provided tors Ltd. for a $2,169.34. with some funding and had Months passed as officers scoured the prov- lots of mechanics and auto- ince of Alberta with no success in locating the body people help us out (on) vehicle. They even tried to trace the serial number, their own time.” to no avail. About 15 to 20 different Matters were looking glum and it was be- businesses and organizations A REAL CLASSIC: This 1956 Dodge Crusader is regu- ginning to be thought that the car would never donated money and expertise. larly seen by citizens on the streets of Camrose, AB. be found until fate intervened. One of the cru- The Crusader was given sading searchers located an identical vehicle in a a paint-job which matched the original cruiser. transmission and an approximate top speed of field in Granum, Alta. It even sports the original red and blue flashing 60 mph, Grant says the Dodge Crusader pro- The car, which was little more than a heap- lights and siren on the roof. vides for a nice casual ride around town. ing mound of rust and dirt at the time, was towed “This baby is an exact replica of the origi- “We make sure to keep her healthy and run- unceremoniously back to Camrose. Countless nal,” Grant said with affection. ning smoothly by giving her a run around town hours of restoration would be completed over a In May 1991, the car was officially unveiled at least three times a week,” Grant said with a three year span to turn the Crusader into the at the 35th Anniversary Camrose Police Ball and pride and joy. shining jewel of pride which it is today. welcomed warmly into the community. The vehicle is put away into warm storage, With co-operation from several businesses, The enormous 4,500 lb car is now used by cleaned and maintained with tender care. a complete restoration was carried out. the Camrose Police Service and its 21 officers Grant believes the Crusader will be part of Camrose police Cst. Bob Grant said the car in parades, crime prevention initiatives and oc- the service for many years and that it will not was in such horrible shape when it was found, casions in which dignitaries visit the small city be forgotten as it was in the past. that without the resources provided by the com- of 14,000 people. munity and businesses, the car would never have With a 230 cubic-inch engine, 125 horse- Cst. Bob Grant can be reached at been restored. power, powerglide, pushbutton automatic 780 672-5935. Police officer DARE(s) to be different by Les Linder that stands out so much,” he said. “I was told that people were going to slash the tires and A single motorcycle and its rider damage the bike. But nobody has ever done are taking on a bold endeavour anything of the sort, the response has been noth- to increase drug abuse aware- ing but positive and supportive.” ness among young people and Valade also receives some good natured kid- is doing so with resounding ding from fellow officers about the bike because success. it is not a Harley Davidson. He chose the In- Cst. Jim Valade, a 16-year truder because he found it to be the most eco- veteran of Ontario’s Halton Regional Police, is nomical and enjoyed the “retro look” it has. the proud owner of a 1998 Suzuki Intruder “Any time you’re in a support group like painted with the decals of the Drug Abuse Re- this as opposed to a traditional police role, then sistance Education (DARE) program. you have to take a bit of kidding about it.” Valade, who also served with the RCMP He added that for the most part his fellow from 1976 to 1984, joined the DARE program ON SHOW: Jim Valade and his Intruder. officers have been supportive of the motorcy- in 1998 with the hopes of being able to make a cle. Valade is also hoping that his bike encour- difference in the lives of young people and pre- kids swarm the bike wanting to get a closer look. It’s incredible.” ages other police officers and agencies across vent them from taking the destructive path Canada to promote programs such as DARE. caused by drug abuse. The 1500cc Intruder, which is the only ve- hicle of its kind to promote DARE, also has Valade says police agencies in the U.S. are Shortly after joining the program, Valade already approaching Harley Davidson manu- purchased the Intruder for his own personal received some international recognition. The duo have appeared at national confer- facturers to provide a motorcycle after seeing use and was inspired by the idea of having his his own vehicle. Ironically, the bikes will likely bike painted for DARE as a promotional tool. ences, one of which was in Washington DC, and managed to come in second place in a vehi- be purchased with drug money seized by U.S. “I ride the Harleys at work and have been police forces. riding for 30 years,” Valade said. “I like to ride cle competition. Valade is now in the process of trying to take the DARE motorcycle to Los As for the future, Valade sees his Intruder and I like teaching the program, the two just as being an important part of the DARE pro- seemed to be a good idea to combine together.” Angeles to promote the program there. Placing the decals on the motorcycle did gram for a long time. The motorcycle accompanies Valade to drug “As long as I am in the program, my bike education classes across Canada and receives initially raise a few concerns for the safety and well-being of the bike. This point has been made will be there as well. We’ve got a lot more places rave reviews from the children who see it. to see and kids to educate.” “The kids in the class really enjoy seeing to Valade by fellow officers and other individu- the bike,” Valade said. “Every DARE related als on a number of occasions. Cst. Jim Valade can be reached at function I bring it to always ends up in having “People told me I was crazy to have a bike 905 825-4747.

December 2000 12 Blue Line Magazine Charities cash in on stolen car A Corvette stolen nearly 20 years ago tion and the other half to a memorial fund has become a blessing for a couple of chari- that provides scholarships to needy ties in Manitoba. Manitoba children. The 1981 Corvette was stolen The 999 raffle tickets, which XHE from a dealership and hidden in a cost $100 apiece, quickly sold out. residential garage. The vehicle was Maria Toscano of the Children’s found by members of the Winnipeg Wish Foundation said that they have #1, 5510-3rd. St. S.E. / Calgary, AB T2H-1J9 Police Service in the summer of 1999 been receiving a staggering number with only 56 kilometres on the of calls for tickets. *ALL WEATHER OUTDOOR odometer. “All of our offices across Canada Officers were told they could keep the car are being bombarded with phone calls. If I would TECHNICAL CLOTHING since the insurance company had already paid have known, I would have printed more tick- CUSTOM DESIGNED TO the claim. ets,” Toscano was quoted as saying. A raffle was held in which half the money She said that she likely could have printed MEET YOUR SPECIFIC NEEDS would be given to the Children’s Wish Founda- another 1,000 tickets. AND DESIRES!* *SERVING THE INDUSTRY Officer suspended for filing false report SINCE 1991*

An officer has been suspended without pay up of the incident, but later changed his mind *100% DELIVERY GUARANTEE* after filing a false accident report to protect the and laid a drunk-driving charge. *BUILT FOR THE BEST... BY THE daughter of a fellow officer. Cloutier, who testified against Brodeur, re- BEST!* Jean-Francois Cloutier, a constable with the ceived an unconditional discharge in July and Quebec provincial police, was suspended for did not receive a criminal record. eight days after the Quebec police ethics com- The police ethics committee said that by *MUNICIPAL POLICE * SECURITY * mittee said they took note of Cloutier’s good filing the false report, Cloutier “failed to meet record following the incident. the requirements of honesty, justice and morals *R.C.M.P. * BIKE PATROL UNITS* The 35-year old constable arrested Sophie and put his professional integrity in question.” Brodeur, the daughter of provincial officer Brodeur and Pierre-Yves Deragon were found Marcel Brodeur, on New Year’s Eve in 1997 guilty by a jury in December 1999, of hampering after her car struck another vehicle, resulting in a criminal investigation. Brodeur has been serving 1-800-214-6861 serious injures to its three passengers. his nine-month term since Oct. 6 and Deragon has Cloutier aided Marcel Brodeur in a cover- filed an appeal of his one-year sentence.

December 2000 13 Blue Line Magazine 2001 Michigan State Police Tests

An annual report from The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center

Patrol vehicles are one of the most critical purchases that a law enforcement agency makes. For both large and small agencies, patrol vehicle purchases frequently represent the second largest expenditure, after personnel, in their annual operating budgets. Selecting a vehicle that balances both budgetary and performance requirements has become an increasingly challenging task for police fleet administrators. Since 1981, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), through its National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC), has sponsored these tests through a partnership with the Michigan State Police. The 2001 model year patrol vehicles were evaluated from September 16 through 18, 2000. For the purposes of the evaluation, police-package vehicles are those that are designed and manufactured for use in the full spectrum of law enforcement patrol service, including pursuits. Each vehicle is subjected to six major tests and evaluations. The results are weighted to reflect the relative importance of each attribute as related to MSP operational requirements. If you are interested in the full test of all vehicles checked out you can contact the NLECTC at their web site at www.nlectc.org. What’s New For 2001 For 2001, Chevrolet has enhanced its 9C1 Although the other graphs in this article are self ex- Impala Police Package with the addition of new planatory the Vehicle Dynamics test is one that needs special equipment options that include a 10mm some clarification. The general objective is to deter- ground stud, located at the right side of the trunk; mine high-speed pursuit handling characteristics. The an assist handle, located above the right-front two mile road racing course contains hills, curves, and corners; except for the absence of traffic, it simu- passenger door, to aid in getting out of the vehi- lates actual pursuit conditions. The evaluation meas- cle and in pursuit situations; and an exterior ures each vehicle’s blending of suspension compo- head and tail lamp emergency flashing system. nents, acceleration capabilities and braking charac- Chevrolet continues to offer optional spe- teristics. Each vehicle is driven 16 timed laps by four cial equipment that includes wiring for auxil- drivers. The final score is the average of the 12 iary speakers, coaxial radio antenna cable, horn/ fastest laps. siren circuit, and grille lamps. The 9C1 comes with heavy-duty front commodate three front seat passengers, also via a combination of seat belt pretensioners, dual- bucket seats with no console between the seats. changes the vehicle’s cargo weight, prompting stage air bags, and seat position sensors that ad- Instead, a security panel or reinforcement in Chevrolet’s recommendation that the 9C3 not just air bag deployment speeds. The sensors the seat back protects the driver from kicks or be used for marked patrol use. monitor both the seat position and the passenger blows to the back of the seat from an unruly Ford beefed up the Police Interceptor with weight of the seat occupant. rear passenger. a new 235-horsepower 4.6L V8 engine and Chevrolet also is introducing a new version reconfigured last year’s rear axle ratio of 3.55:1 of the Impala for 2001 - the 9C3 Unmarked to 3.27:1 for improved fuel economy. Police Package. Although the 9C3’s standard Ergonomic and safety improvements in- features are almost identical to the 9C1, it is clude improved seats with power lumbar ad- intended for covert (i.e., administrative and in- justment offered on the driver’s side, a weap- vestigative) use and is not designed to be used ons cut-out feature added to both front seats, as a marked patrol car. and optional adjustable-position accelerator and Instead of the 9C1’s bucket seats, the 9C3 brake pedals. has a 60/40 front split bench seat. This design For personal safety, Ford engineers have de- reconfiguration, which allows the 9C3 to ac- signed an advanced restraint system that works

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December 2000 14 Blue Line Magazine For a full copy of this report call the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center at 301 519-5060.

The big issue for the new millenium appears to be fuel consumption. This year’s Trials included one vehi- cle supplied by Ford that was equipped with a con- densed natural gas tank(CNG). Both Ford’s supplied had 4.6 L engines and the Chevrolet a 3.8 L engine. In the test the vehicle’s scores are based on esti- mates of city fuel economy to the nearest on-tenth of a mile per gallon from data supplied by the manufactur- ers. The table shown above reflects the estimated En- vironmental Protection Agency fuel economy ratings, rounded to the nearest whole number for city and high- way driving conditions. It is interesting to note that condensed natural gas appeared to have no serious difference from gasoline. It would appear from these figures economy by fuel type will have to be determined through the market prices of each commodity.

NEXT MONTH: 4wd Vehicles tested

December 2000 15 Blue Line Magazine Policing the Ewatski way Winnipeg chief is committed to honesty, integrity and excellence

by Dave Brown

Two days before Christmas in 1981, 16-year-old Barbara Stoppel was found brutally murdered on the floor of a Winnipeg doughnut shop. Winnipeg police soon arrested Thomas Sophonow, based on his proximity to the murder scene and his similar- ity to a composite drawing of a man seen run- ning from the shop. Twice he was tried and convicted for the murder of the pretty waitress and twice his conviction was overturned. In 1985, a third court finally acquitted him of the murder. In the years following his last trial, Sophonow maintained his innocence and fought to clear his name. Not content with an acquit- tal, he insisted that police compare his DNA against some of the evidence found at the crime scene. With the state of technology at the time, police were not optimistic that the tests would reveal any new information. As technology advanced, several Winnipeg officers began to look closer at the exhibits to determine if they could be tested. Among them was a deputy chief named Jack Ewatski. When Ewatski became the head of the Winnipeg Po- lice Service in 1998, the order came down to proceed with the testing. Unfortunately, the DNA tests were incon- clusive. Ewatski could have left it alone at that point but there was still something about the incident that bothered him. “I was intrigued by this case,” says Ewatski. “As a former homicide investigator, you know that everyone is innocent, but this case was different. There was a constant denial of guilt and a real need by Sophonow to be found inno- AT THE PODIUM: Winnipeg Police Chief Jack Ewatski addresses citizens during a cent. Most people that are acquitted of such a series of forums which were held to open communication between the police and public. serious crime tend to be very low key, but Tom was different. did this, but what do we do now? If we con- to convince them that this was not just an exer- “I’m not immune to any information that tinue with this case, it is going to be a painful cise in political correctness, but that it was real. comes forward, even from the media. We recog- experience for a lot of people, including the serv- They all appreciated that fact. nize that human mistakes can happen in the ice and especially the family of the victim. “We also had to enlist the co-operation of justice system. I felt that the time was right and “It was a hard decision to make, but I knew Tom Sophonow. We initially contacted him there was no harm in us reviewing the case and I had to make it. It was the right thing to do.” through his lawyers. You can’t blame him for finally putting it to bed. I wanted another look In June, Ewatski called a news conference expecting us to deliver a message that he’s heard at it using new technology and new people with to announce the Winnipeg Police Service had before, but I can still picture the shocked look a fresh view.” finally cleared Thomas Sophonow of the mur- on his lawyers’ faces when I told them that we Ewatski assigned homicide analyst John der and wanted to issue a public apology to were going to clear Sophonow and announce Burchill to the case. him. Sophonow got his long awaited exonera- that we had a new suspect in the case. “John did a fantastic job. He is a deep ana- tion. “I then went to Vancouver specifically to lytical thinker and has some amazing compe- “The hardest thing for me personally was meet with Tom one-on-one. Before we contin- tencies. He submitted the report to me on a to meet with the Stoppel family,” Ewatski re- ued the investigation, we needed to develop a Friday afternoon and I took it home for the calls, “I had to apologize for the pain that was relationship. He came into the meeting with a weekend. That night I literally could not put it going to come and I remember watching their real look of fear, but we talked for 45 minutes down. I was taken aback by some of the analy- reaction, waiting for it to rise again. I was amazed and I think we began a relationship that the sis and I remember thinking that I’m glad we at the strength of character of that family. I had investigators could build on.”

December 2000 16 Blue Line Magazine Ewatski did not discuss what he said to ingful dialogue,” Ewatski later stated . “Com- Sophonow in those 45 minutes, but he admits a munity policing is not just words on paper.” feeling of satisfaction with the result and the He was not at all disappointed by the largely subsequent investigation. empty room. “It opened lots of doors - painful ones - but “These forums have shown us that Winni- it was still the right thing to do. You could not peg citizens are generally happy with the level write a piece of fiction with all the twists, turns, of service they receive, but it gives them a real variables and dynamics that this case has had opportunity to interact with their police serv- and still make it believable. ice and develop a sense of ownership,” the chief “Police leaders need to understand that mis- says. “If they can be made to feel welcome takes happen. We have seen what happens when enough to talk to us about their concerns and you don’t admit mistakes. You must learn from feel that their suggestions are being listened to, them. We need credibility, starting with our own it’s a huge positive step.” members. We preach that if they make a mistake, At the public forum, every citizen’s ques- own up to it. The leadership must set the tone.” tion was answered frankly and honestly. Some- times, however, there was no easy answer. Meaningful Dialogue “Having a dialogue with the police is im- Fast forward to October. Winnipegers still portant to us, but you may not always like the recall how their police service faced its mis- answer we are giving you,” Ewatski said in takes in the Sophonow incident, but other citi- response to one citizen’s tough question. zens have much more personal concerns with When asked about charging the parents of the force. Many of them are seated in a local child prostitutes who increasingly walk the school gymnasium, awaiting the first public downtown streets, Ewatski admitted it’s a so- forum of the fall. cial problem with no easy answers. The public forum is attended by an impres- “The police are only one part of a criminal sive array of district officers, deputy chiefs and justice system,” he said. “People have to take Ewatski. They came with no canned presenta- responsibility, both for their own actions and tion, instead they were prepared to listen to for those under their charge.” the neighbourhood’s concerns. Traffic enforcement was also on the minds The point they stressed was that Winnipeg of those who attended the forum. In Winnipeg, is not only a unique city, but each area has dif- a dedicated traffic division has often been rede- ferent problems and concerns. Before police can ployed to higher priority calls. tailor their resources to an area, they must be To address that problem, the chief stated prepared to listen to the local community. “We need to engage the community in mean- continued page 18

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December 2000 17 Blue Line Magazine that he has increased traffic enforcement in their Common sense also plays an important part area by 67 per cent. He has now tasked all offic- of being a good chief. One example is the shirt- ers with traffic enforcement and promised a pub- coloured external body armour that is available licized campaign to target bad drivers. During to his officers. each week of the campaign, they will focus their “We allow the external body armour, but resources on specific violations such as speed- we subtly discourage them from wearing it. We ing, running red lights and failing to signal. educate them on the pros and cons of the inter- One former traffic officer welcomes the nal versus the external armour and leave the crackdown. decision to them. “It’s like the ‘broken-window’ concept,” “I would rather they wear external armour he says. “If people continually get away with than none at all.” small infractions, the larger ones naturally fol- low. I think there can be a direct relation be- Value-based Policing tween an increase in traffic deaths and a de- Ewatski pulls no punches about the type crease in enforcement of minor violations.” of person he wants to see wearing the uniform The chief does admit to his audience that of the Winnipeg Police Service. there is still a long way to go. “If officers intentionally break the law and “There’re a lot of bad drivers out there,” he are convicted of a crime, they should be fired. I said. “Of course, not in this room.” don’t understand any rationale that would al- low an officer to break the law and continue to The Greatest Challenge hold the privilege of a police officer. A recurring theme at public forums is the “If members feel that they are the targets perception that violent crime is on the rise, in RESPONSES: Ewatski fields questions during Winnipeg’s community forum. for false allegations, then they are undermining spite of statistics which prove otherwise. But the very criminal justice system that they are statistics do not tell the whole story. They do sworn to uphold. Even the Sophonow case not reflect the fear of crime, and this becomes having officers interact with youth at commu- shows that mistakes can happen, but ultimately an important concern of the police. How can an nity centres and sporting events. the justice system works. We have always told agency counter this perception? Ewatski feels “This shows them that police don’t come our members that if they act within the param- that this is one of the biggest challenges faced around just to arrest them. Kids need to see eters of our policy and within the law, we will by the Winnipeg police. that police officers are people too.” support them 100 per cent.” “At every public forum, our community His stand has been both applauded and beat officers put up maps pinpointing the loca- Strength Of Character booed. He also knows that police associations tion of every B&E, every assault.” The hallway to Ewatski’s office is lined with are not likely to support him on this issue, but Citizens are often surprised when they are the portraits of former chiefs. Their faces only he still supports the need for a strong associa- shown the actual crime statistics. hint at the succession of hard-talking and popu- tion. Ewatski points out the quality of an or- “Countering this fear is sometimes harder lar chiefs that have led the Winnipeg force. ganization goes far beyond the office of the chief. to deal with than the actual crime itself,” he One day, visitors will see a photograph of “There is value in what everyone does in said. Ewatski on the same wall. How does he most this organization, including all the support peo- Ewatski’s vision of a community-policing want to be remembered? ple, the people who file the records and the model is to put officers into a neighbourhood “Not for what I have done but for the type people who clean our buildings. They all add long before there is trouble. of person I am. I want the people who work value to our organization and they are all part “We need a police presence to maintain with me and who follow me, to hold me in high of our team. peace, but we cannot invade an area just in the regard as a human being and an officer who is “To me, the most important quality we bad times. They should see us in the normal down to earth. I want to be known as the type want in our modern officers is a well defined set times too.” of person who listens and is there to offer ad- of values and principles. This results in a value- The chief also stressed the importance of vice and direction.” based police service that emphasizes honesty, integrity, trust, respect and a commitment to excellence.” Guelph chief steps down Ewatski still clearly remembers the day in September 1973, when a boy from the north After six years at the top, pacity to encourage and foster end joined the Winnipeg police. Lenna Bradburn has stepped growth, and involvement in their “I’m glad I made the decision to become a down as the chief of the Guelph wider communities. police officer and I hope that is reflected by Police Service. Since entering law enforce- how I do my job. This job always felt comfort- Bradburn became the na- ment 19 years ago, Bradburn has able to me even when dealing with all the nega- tion’s first female chief of police been a pioneer in the field. When tives. Lots of incidents have tested my dedica- in 1994, when she joined the she joined the Toronto police in tion and commitment over the years, but that municipal force, located west of 1981, there was no women’s has reinforced the fact that I made the right Toronto. change room at the police station decision in 1973. So many other incidents have Bradburn gained a lot of rec- where Bradburn worked and the given me a personal feeling of satisfaction. ognition during her tenure in body armour was designed for men Lenna Bradburn “I can count on the fingers of one hand the Guelph. In the April 1997 edi- only. However, she was deter- number of times I said that I don’t want to go to tion of the Financial Post, she was chosen as mined to stay in law enforcement. work today. I feel very sad for people who one of their 40 outstanding individuals under “As long as I can change things for the don’t feel that way.” 40 years of age. better, then I’m happy,” Bradburn was once The finalists were chosen by a panel of quoted as saying. “That has always been my Respond to Dave Brown on ... 18 prominent Canadians. They assessed the goal.” candidates with a number of criteria in mind: Bradburn was not immediately available vision and leadership, innovation, impact on for comment following the announcement of business and the business community, ca- her resignation from the Guelph force.

December 2000 18 Blue Line Magazine Beaton to head Calgary force After concluding a Calgary city council to help determine search for a new the attributes required for the next Calgary chief of police, chief of police. the Calgary Police Submissions were made from in- Commission has recom- dividual members of the public, com- mended that Calgary City Council ratify munity groups and other stakeholders the appointment of Jack Beaton. as part of the public consultation proc- Chief Beaton, who served as interim ess, which was developed to assist chief since Oct. 10, has accepted the Jack Beaton the commission in assessing the needs appointment as required under the Al- of the community. berta Police Act. Beaton holds several management devel- Beaton, who has been a member of the opment certificates from the University of Calgary Police Service for 27 years, was ap- Calgary and completed the FBI course in pointed deputy chief of the bureau of research, Quantico, West Virginia where he achieved top development and learning in 1998. marks in his class. “Jack Beaton was selected because of his The Calgary Police Service is among the outstanding credentials as a leader, his exem- five largest municipal police services in Canada plary record of working with community groups with over 1,300 sworn members and more than and tremendous commitment to the police serv- 500 civilian members. ice and people of Calgary,” stated commission chairman David Mitchell. Mitchell said the commission considered a Cops can grow beards number of candidates for the position of chief and added that citizens of Calgary should be Police officers in the Ontario region of Wa- proud that members of their own service rank terloo can now grow beards and goatees. highly in the country. Under a new policy, the beard or goatee The search process was undertaken by a must be grown off-duty and be worn with a Calgary firm which assessed all internal candi- moustache. dates while reviewing external applications. It must be neatly trimmed and not exceed Numerous interviews were conducted with 3.5 centimetres in length. senior members and managers of the police serv- The police board’s former no-beard policy ice, members of the police commission and was struck down by a provincial arbitrator.

December 2000 19 Blue Line Magazine A police officer and a student Halifax cop poses as teen to bust criminals by Blair McQuillan

If you had the opportu- nity to go back to high school again, would you? Would you want to deal with class assign- ments? Would you want to have to listen to all the gossip? Would you want to hang out with a bunch of teenagers? Would you do it if you could catch criminals? That’s what Christina Cuthbert did. In February, the Halifax Regional Police constable enrolled at a local high school in an effort to curb a thriving drug trade. The plan to have a police officer take on an undercover assignment as a student had been worked out well in advance when members of the drug squad approached Cuthbert. It was Friday afternoon when they asked her if she’d be willing to take on the assignment for what was then an undetermined amount of time. “They said they were going to play it by ear and see how it went because they’d never really done anything like it,” the 28-year-old constable recalls. “I said, ‘Sure, no problem.’ They obviously thought that I could fit in. I thought I could give it a try.” Just two days after agreeing to take on the roll of a teenager, the second semester at Dartmouth High School began and Cuthbert enrolled herself in two classes. Then 27 years of age with six months of police experience be- hind her, the constable found herself taking English and drama with kids as young as 15. COP IN THE CLASS: Cst. Christina Cuthbert went undercover to nab drug dealers. “It was kind of hard because a lot of them were quite young,” Cuthbert recalls. “I hadn’t “I went and did my classes and left,” she so I did all of my assignments and all of my really interacted with a lot of young people like said. “I didn’t really hang out after classes with quizzes.” that in a long time. It was interesting to say the people.” During her six weeks at the high school, least.” Cuthbert worked hard to gain information, Cuthbert had to read two novels - Animal Farm Being the new kid in the class, the consta- but keep a low profile at the same time. She and The Guns of Navarone - and complete quiz- ble soon found herself fielding questions about made sure she did not dress or act in a way that zes every Friday. The constable says she made her background. However, Cuthbert was pre- would cause students or teachers to pay too sure to stay in the middle of the pack when it pared for any inquiries. She told students she much attention to her. came to the quizzes. She didn’t want to fail was a 19-year-old transfer student who lived “Only the principle of the school knew,” them, or do too well, because that too could outside of the city. When it came to socializing, she said of her undercover role. “None of the draw unwanted attention. the Eastern Shore native, kept to herself. teachers or anybody else there knew about it, By the time her undercover roll ended, Cuthbert, who is now 28-years-old, had made a number of drug purchases which resulted in nine people being charged with more than 20 offences. As for her time as a student, Cuthbert said she found academic life has changed very little since she last entered a high school classroom more than 10 years ago. However, she did note one glaring exception. “When I went to high school you knew who the troublemakers were,” she said. “It’s pretty much the same, but everybody (is now) into drugs and talking about drugs. It’s pretty open.” Overall, Cuthbert said she enjoyed being in the narcotics unit and was glad to have had the opportunity to expand her policing skills. “I had a really good time being in the drug section. It’s interesting, you learn a lot and I got to do something I’d never done before.”

December 2000 20 Blue Line Magazine Ontario forces take to the sky to fight crime by Les Linder

The helicopter has become one of the latest and most popular tool to be used by police agencies across Canada to protect the public and maintain order. The ever-seeing eye of a patrol helicopter has given police nearly a lim- itless reach into crime prevention and criminal apprehension. Police agencies, like the rest of humanity, have grown and evolved in part because they have learned to use tools and technology to their advantage. From the day police officers used an automobile to extend the long-arm of the law, to the moment DNA was used to convict an of- fender, tools have been instrumental to the suc- cess of law enforcement. Escape from law enforcement becomes vir- tually impossible with a helicopter’s quick re- sponse time and ability to observe and co- ordinate ground forces. Even the cover of dark- ness, which criminals may depend on, is no obstacle for a helicopter that can peel away darkness with powerful searchlights or infra- red cameras. Helicopters are also an invaluable asset for locating missing individuals and carrying out search and rescue operations. No other vehicle or device can offer such a vast array of versatile services. UP IN THE AIR: The York Regional Police helicopter, dubbed Air2, on day patrol. With such capabilities, one would wonder why so few police agencies in Canada have a helicopter. The obvious answer that cost is active patrols over industrial parks and areas, with this issue. the only real issue preventing a police force brought a decline in business area break-and- “We’ve met with a lot of the public and from acquiring their own “eye in the sky” is in enters, Rollauer added. everyone shows a great interest in the helicop- part true, but several Ontario police agencies “These are high profile patrols at night in ter. It has become part of the community and are finding out there is a bit more to it than which the searchlight shines into an area that is many people wonder how we ever got by with- simple fiscal responsibility. visible for miles,” he said. “People know that out it for so many years.” Since the late 1990’s, numerous police agen- there is a helicopter in the area and that it is He did however say that the community cies have undertaken pilot projects with heli- watching.” did have to take some time to become accus- copters for a brief period of time in the hope of The search light is also used frequently near tomed to its presence and the occasional noise ascertaining whether or not a police helicopter and around the Hwy. 401 corridor to remind that it makes. Yet Rollauer says that the com- would be a viable and necessary tool. Reviews motorists of the helicopter’s presence. munity realizes what a great deterrent of crime were, and are to this day, being conducted to The community’s perception and feelings the helicopter is and that they have embraced crunch numbers and statistics to reveal a heli- about a police helicopter is also a large factor its presence. copter’s true operational worth. that comes into play when a police agency wants However, the success rate of a police heli- Durham Regional Police has one of the long- to go about acquiring a chopper. Rollauer feels copter is directly related to the amount of flight est running pilot projects for a helicopter in that the Durham force won’t have any trouble time it gets. During the six-month project, Dur- Ontario. The initial six-month project, which was shared with York Regional Police, began in June 1999 and lasted six months. Durham Regional Police Staff Sgt. Ron Rollauer said the results from the initial project AUTOMOTIVE proved to be favourable. As a result, Durham acquired their own helicopter and extended their COMPLETE REFIT PACKAGES FOR POLICE VEHICLES pilot project for a one year term. Their ongoing - SUSPENSION - BRAKES - DRIVELINE REBUILDING - ACCESSORIES - helicopter review will conclude on Dec. 31. “One of the greatest benefits of having this “DOUBLE THE SERVICE LIFE OF YOUR FLEET” helicopter was for the purposes of drug eradi- cation,” Rollauer said. 1-800-263-8621 Just through general patrol with the heli- copter, police in Durham were able to seize Service and Quality for over 22 years nearly $1 million in marijuana plants and other 516 Parkdale Ave. N., Hamilton, ON L8H 5Y5 Fax 1-800-461-1458 narcotics. Community directed patrols, which are pro-

December 2000 21 Blue Line Magazine ham had only limited success due in cruisers,” Rogers said. “The view to fewer flying hours, which re- itself of the helicopter allows offic- sulted in not being able to show as ers to spot things suspicious in na- many accomplishments. ture that may otherwise be missed The helicopter is currently fly- from the ground.” ing 50 hours a month over Durham The helicopter is currently fly- region and can be called out at any ing an average of four hours per day, time it may be needed. six days a week. It is also in a shared However, Rollauer pointed out resource agreement with Durham that one inherit flaw with the heli- Regional Police to provide services copter is that it requires sufficient to either agency. By mutually off- flight hours to be completely de- setting maintenance days, the two pendable and avoid circumstances police forces are able to provide air in which the helicopter fails to ar- support seven days a week, 365 rive at times when it is most needed. days a year for both regions. “The problem right now with Rogers is expecting this agree- the helicopter project is that there READY TO GO: The Toronto helicopter is prepared for action. ment to extend into Toronto as they are limits in funding which means become more involved in the pro- that the helicopter can only be gram. flown at certain times and that there is only one fortunate police agencies in Canada to have their York Regional Police is also still in the proc- helicopter to cover a whole city,” he said. “If own helicopter. In October 1999, while the origi- ess of compiling statistics from the pilot project we had 24-hours of coverage, we would be any- nal pilot project with Durham was still for the end of the year to make additional sub- where we are needed to be.” underway, a helicopter was donated to the York missions to the police services board. Despite this, Rollauer is optimistic that the police. The chopper, dubbed Air2, entered serv- In August, about one year after Durham helicopter reviews will show that they are a ice on June 1, 2000. and York began their study, the Toronto Police tremendous contribution to virtually any po- Staff Sgt. Craig Rogers says that one of the Service launched their own six-month helicop- lice service. most beneficial aspects of the helicopter is its ter project. An independent evaluation of the A business plan has already been developed impressive response time. During the pilot project will be conducted by the city auditor in Durham to implement a full-time helicopter project, the average response time to a call was and the Toronto Police Service will conduct their patrol unit. The plan will be presented to the 2.8 minutes; more than twice as fast as a cruis- own review. Both will be presented to the po- police services board prior to the end of the er’s response time to a scene in many cases. lice services board for evaluation. current pilot project. “The helicopter would easily pick up on a To date, Deputy Chief Steven Reesor said One small step ahead of Durham is York suspect that would otherwise be lost since of- he is pleased with the progress of the program Regional Police, which is one of the few and ficers would have to spend time travelling there and calls the helicopter a “resounding success.” “The helicopter is an invaluable tool,” Reesor said. “Especially for tracking down flee- ing suspects in a dense city such as Toronto. We can spot things that officers on the ground Dalhousie University may miss.” Certificate in Police Leadership The ability of the helicopter to pinpoint the exact location of a suspect who may be on “The Advanced Police Leadership course provided the foot or hiding, also helps increase safety for opportunity to combine the knowledge gained through my own police officers. Any chance for a suspect to work experience, and in the other courses offered through the make a surprise attack on an officer is greatly Police Leadership Certificate. I was able to apply this knowledge diminished with a helicopter that can observe to an in-depth analysis of a topic which interested me and which an individual’s actions and communicate directly was of concern to my organization, under the guidance of an with police. interested and experienced instructor. It was an unprecedented “With all the buildings, houses, small streets opportunity to examine an issue which has an impact on my daily and alleys, an officer can sometimes go into an work.” area half-blind and be taken by surprise by a Other courses in this unique distance education program include: suspect,” he said. “The helicopter helps take > Police Leadership and Management Development that element away.” > Communication Skills for Police Personnel Wendy Nicol As was expected, noise complaints were > Problem-Oriented Policing Strategic Intelligence Analyst made at the start of the program, but gradually > Community-Based Policing Criminal Intelligence Branch RCMP died down as time passed. Reesor believes noise > Police Human Resource Management Ottawa, ON complaints have subsided now that many peo- > Budgeting and Financial Management ple are beginning to realize the benefits of hav- > Legal Issues in Policing ing the helicopter in their community. > Policing and the Law of Human Rights The deputy chief is hoping that the find- > Managing Police Performance: Coaching Skills * (includes a 3-day workshop) ings of the helicopter program will justify budget If you would like more information or wish to have a brochure mailed to you please approval for taxpayer funding. contact Sherry Carmont-MacBean, Program Manager at (902) 494-6930. You may also “At the end of the day we have to be able to write to Sherry via e-mail at [email protected] or to the address below. Detailed information show that the benefits of the helicopter outweigh and registration forms can also be found on our web site. the costs, because this is a costly undertaking,” said Reesor, who noted the price of acquiring a Henson College, Dalhousie University 6100 University Avenue helicopter for a four-year period is approximately Halifax NS B3H 3J5 Learning Solutions $2.5 million. “We can say the project is success- www.dal.ca/~henson/police/indexcpl.html for a Changing World ful, but is it successful enough that the benefits

December 2000 22 Blue Line Magazine outweigh the costs? the sharing of the heli- has been established in the U.S. for over 30 That’s what we’re hop- copter could not accu- years. It puts criminals on notice that we have ing to show.” rately show the full im- an extra tool.” However, even if pact the vehicle could For now, the Hamilton police force is con- Toronto were to get have had in one munici- tent to sit back and wait for cities such as To- budget approval for a pality. The review rec- ronto to complete their reviews, at which point helicopter, they would ommended that an addi- Hamilton can examine those figures to see if not be able to have it in tional one year pilot any concrete findings come through. the air until next July, project be conducted. “The greatest difficulty and hurdle to over- because the budget Mullan feels that the come is the expense,” Mullan said. “The cost won’t be approved un- acquisition and use of air benefit analysis is what is going to drive the til April. This would support is essential in future of air support for police services. leave Toronto without a policing now and that the “Helicopters are undoubtedly an incredibly helicopter from the end UNDER REVIEW: The fate of the Dur- entire force would like useful tool and they are definitely the future of of January until such an ham police chopper is still unknown. nothing more than to have policing. We just have to convince people they approval was made. their own helicopter. are worth every penny put into them.” There is a chance the project could be ex- “It brings a new dynamic in policing that tended beyond January. Toronto Mayor Mel Lastman has been highly supportive of the po- lice helicopter and Reesor believes there is a slight possibility that an additional source of funding may come from the city. “Nothing has been identified yet, but we are hopeful,” said Reesor. The London Police Service has taken a dif- “An Emergency Response Supplier” ferent approach to examine the cost-benefit Police - Fire - Ambulance - Government - and Private Security analysis of police helicopters. They are the only police agency in Canada to conduct a purely “We carry products that - SERVE & PROTECT YOU - Our Customers” scientific study in which the city is used as a giant laboratory for the helicopter. The operational component of the project began in July 1999 and wrapped up one year later. An analysis and review of the material is being conducted by Dr. Paul Whitehead, pro- fessor of sociology at Western University. It is Don Watch Jane Watch expected to be completed this month. In order to maintain a purely scientific re- Canada Wide 1-800-236-0892 view, the London Police Service has declined to FAX (519) 364-2510 Email: [email protected] discuss any findings of the review with the me- dia until the report is complete. Ontario Associates Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police partici- pated in a joint pilot project with the Peel Re- gional Police and Halton Regional Police Services in June 1999. The project lasted until December and proved to be favourable for Hamilton. Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Supt. Brian Mullan said officers were making one ar- Fred Johns Max Wood Hyacinthe Miller Josiah 905 623-0687 Fax 905623-0687 888-424-4496 Fax 519 364-2510 705-431-6911 Fax 705 431-6306 rest per shift that could be directly attributed Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: to the helicopter. [email protected] “These were arrests that would not have Quebec Associates normally been made if the chopper had not been flying,” Mullan said. The helicopter aided in seizing approxi- mately $2 million in marijuana and was involved in three pursuits which resulted in arrests with loss of property or damage. The approximate response time for the helicopter was just two minutes. Tom Reeves Yvon Bergeron 877-913-4345 Fax 450-658-8667 877-913-4345 Fax 450-658-8667 “We found the response time to be highly Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] effective and truly impressive,” Mullan added. The review was conducted by an independ- ent firm. The findings showed that an additional O.P.S. Inc. carries only well known brand names products effort should be made to substantiate or dis- Flying Cross By Fechhmmer - Rocky Shoes & Boots - Streamlight - Canadian Body Armour prove the theory that a helicopter is a useful Neese Rainwear - Raines - Hatch Gloves - Bolder Technologies - Beaconway Technology asset. It also stated that the helicopter should Saunders - Ripp - Stop Stick Ltd - W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Forensic Ident Cover-Up - Muir Cap & Regalia be located in one location and be used exclu- sively in that location. From Head To Toe 0.P.S. Inc. is your supplier One specific flaw the review found was that

December 2000 23 Blue Line Magazine Eurocopter and airborne law enforcement

Almost since their inception, helicopters were recognized and employed as observation platforms. Their introduction into police work was a result of two key factors; manoeuvrabil- ity and visibility. Helicopters can fly fast or slow and provide an unsurpassed vista of the world below. The Montréal police started using helicop- ters at Expo 67. From these beginnings they went on to develop a two-helicopter patrol that lasted for more than 12 years. The program was cut back to occasional use in the early 80’s and continues to this day, sharing an aircraft with the RCMP. Calgary recognized the value of an aerial patrol after a tragic car chase provided the cata- lyst for a publicly funded program. HAWCS has flown daily patrols over Calgary since 1995. The Ontario Provincial Police Helicopter Unit celebrated 25 years of public service last year. They presently operate two AS355F2 TwinStars. The Sureté de Québec has also been operating two to four helicopters since 1975. The RCMP has a long involvement in heli- copter operations throughout Canada, recently adding two AS350B3s to their fleet. Currently, across the country, there are studies and trial programs to test the effectiveness of helicop- AN AERIAL RESPONSE: The RCMP recently added two AS350B3s to their fleet. ters in urban situations. Eurocopter Canada has been manufactur- ing helicopters in Canada since 1984, while world were invited to visit and assess this new The VEMD also incorporates a digital man- Eurocopter in France and Germany have been aircraft. All input was reviewed and the result agement system that identifies and records building helicopters for much longer. is the EC120, otherwise known as the Colibri. overlimits and/or failures. This information is In 1993, Eurocopter identified the need for The first Canadian aircraft (serial #2) was de- stored in memory and is accessible at any time. a new 5-place helicopter. The prototype flew livered in December 1998. There are now ap- It gives a detailed report of what happened, 30 months later. Operators from around the proximately 130 Colibri EC120Bs flying in the when it happened, and for how long. Mainte- world. nance is suddenly made easier, with power Since its introduction, the Colibri has en- checks stored for future reference as well as a joyed a lot of attention as a potential police Maintenance Mode that verifies systems and helicopter. The Colibri provides a roomy envi- identifies defective Line Replaceable Units ronment. The crashworthy seats are comfort- (LRU). able and adjustable. There is plenty of room for Although a relatively new helicopter, the papers, heads and legs. The instrument panel Colibri’s reliability record established to date is can accommodate all the latest glass displays. equivalent to that of a mature aircraft. It has There is plenty of space for avionics up front demonstrated remarkably few growing pains. as well as an extra avionics rack in the back. Add to this the Maintenance Mode of the On patrol, the helicopter is your office and VEMD and the simplicity of routine inspec- a proper working environment promotes effi- tions, and the result is a helicopter with less ciency and safety. To this end, the EC120 heli- downtime. copter is provided with the latest development The Colibri provides excellent all-around in cockpit technology known as the Vehicle and visibility, a very important feature in the Engine Management Display (VEMD). This crowded skies of urban flying. Air to ground dual glass display combines all three engine visibility is also important, not only for the parameters into a single easy-to-read First Limit observer, but for the pilot as well. In the Colibri, Indicator gauge, or FLI. It provides other basic both the pilot and observer see the same target functions such as fuel quantity and fuel flow, at the same time. outside air temperature, and electrical loads. A police helicopter must be able to hover, There are various aural as well as visual warn- at altitude, in any direction. This requires power ings to alert or caution the pilot. This means a and stability. The Colibri has demonstrated the reduced workload in the cockpit, and less pilot power to hover out-of-ground-effect at full fatigue. The pilot can safely divert more atten- gross weight, and matched it with the Fenestron tion to what is going on outside the aircraft, work- tail rotor, capable of providing full authority ing effectively with his airborne partner. under all wind directions. All these factors pro-

December 2000 24 Blue Line Magazine vide an extra margin of “On patrol, the making it effective in safety. There are many helicopter is your high-speed pursuits. It other variables to deal is quiet, making it envi- with in any operation, office and a proper ronmentally friendly. without worrying working environment The Fenestron tail about the stability of promotes efficiency rotor and high ground your observation plat- and safety.” clearance provide en- form. hanced safety for per- If there is one fac- sonnel on the ground. tor that will stunt the growth of a police heli- The aircraft is roomy, the seats ergonomically copter program, it is noise. One simple fact to designed, providing a comfortable milieu for the consider concerning the Colibri; it is the quiet- three to four hours that the aircraft can remain est turbine helicopter in the world. airborne. There is space enough for avionics The Eurocopter EC120 Colibri was de- and four passengers. Overall the aircraft is rug- signed for the next millennium. It features the ged, powerful, and reliable. latest, proven technologies. The Fenestron tail So, as a new helicopter, has it seen any rotor is a proven technology with a new twist. action as a police helicopter? Affirmative. The venturi has been redesigned to permit a As an example, the San Bernadino, Califor- larger airflow and the number of blades have nia police currently operate four Colibris for been reduced and re-spaced. New main rotor patrol, VIP transport and search and rescue. blade design and a quiet engine have resulted in Capt. Beltor, commander of the aviation a helicopter with a 1000 foot noise level equiva- division, summed up his county’s decision by lent to ordinary conversation. The aircraft may stating, “This helicopter is millennium technol- still be seen, but not heard. ogy and that’s what we need.” The Colibri features lots of cargo space - A new helicopter for a new age. more than 36 cu. ft., accessible from a side, or a rear door. A sliding passenger door is standard, opening up the rear of the helicopter. The air- For more information on Eurocopter and craft can also fly at 135 knots with the sliding its family of multi-mission helicopters call door open. 800 267-4999 in Canada. The Colibri cruises in excess of 120 knots,

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December 2000 25 Blue Line Magazine MDHI focuses on customer service

MD Helicopters, Inc., (MDHI) based in Mesa, Ariz., is an indirect subsidiary of RDM Holding N.V., a European-based industrial group involved in a variety of aerospace ac- tivities. MDHI purchased The Boeing Company’s commercial light helicopter product lines in February 1999. MDHI has a workforce of 300 and will continue to produce the entire line of single- and twin-engine helicopters in its cur- rent location at Mesa’s Falcon Field Airport. Henk Schaeken is the chairman and chief execu- tive officer of MDHI. Recently, an ambitious expansion program has more than doubled the size of the MDHI complex to more than 131,000 sq. ft. The ex- pansion has included construction of a new 35,000-square-foot warehouse and the pur- chase of a 40,000 sq. ft. hangar. Both moves will increase the company’s production capa- bilities. Company Philosophy As a small manufacturer, MDHI is ex- tremely focused on providing outstanding, per- MD EXPLORER: This is one of five helicopters manufactured by MD Helicopters, Inc. sonalized customer service and top-quality products. MDHI has also focused its resources wide as an air ambulance, for personal and ex- five-place, NOTAR system-equipped aircraft on improving its current product line, rather ecutive transport, electronic news gathering, law also reduces pilot workload while providing the than in developing new products. enforcement, and for general utility use. ultimate in manoeuverability and directional MDHI has successfully positioned itself The MD 600N is a light, single-turbine heli- control. More than 80 MD 520Ns are in serv- as a niche provider, specializing in the law copter that tackles multiple missions with high ice around the world and they are especially enforcement, air medical, and corporate mar- performance and low direct operating costs. The popular among law enforcement agencies. Re- kets for which its products are so ideally aircraft seats seven or eight and features a ver- cently equipped with an improved Rolls Royce suited. satile, spacious interior, a six-bladed main rotor C20R turbine engine, the enhanced MD 520N system and the powerful Allison 250-C47M provides more power and better hot-day per- Products engine. It also is equipped with the NOTAR formance. The MD Explorer is an eight-place, twin- system for anti-torque control. The multi-mis- The single-turbine MD 500E is a basic heli- turbine helicopter that entered service in 1994. sion MD 600N is well suited for law enforce- copter with performance that’s anything but The MD Explorer already is the only helicop- ment, utility, air medical and aerial tour mis- basic. The five-place MD500E delivers pay- ter in the world to have Category A, single- sions. MDHI has recently developed and tested load and productivity and is renowned for its pilot IFR certification from both the Federal a new yaw stability augmentation system for speed, agility and reliability. The MD 500E also Aviation Administration and the Joint Aviation the MD 600N. This new system significantly is available with a four-blade tail rotor for quiet Authorities. Recently equipped with the Pratt reduces pilot workload throughout the flight performance. & Whitney Canada 207E, the MD Explorer envelope, especially in gusty or turbulent The single-engine MD 530F, is a five-place now provides even better performance on hot weather conditions. helicopter engineered to meet the requirements days, at high altitudes and when operating with The single-turbine MD 520N is a quiet per- for hot-day, high-altitude operations. A de- one engine. The MD Explorer is proven world- former with unique safety benefits. This proven, pendable workhorse, its greater takeoff power continues at significantly higher hover ceiling levels than competitive aircraft, even at maxi- mum gross weight. Manoeuvrable and agile, Is your police service facing budget constraints? the MD 530F operates with ease in confined LET US HELP ! areas. Only MD Helicopters, including the MD Improve service to your citizens and save money Explorer, MD 600N and MD 520N, feature Participating police agencies realize immediate benefits the patented NOTAR system for anti-torque and directional control. The NOTAR system Currently under contract with Toronto, London, Barrie, Thunder Bay and Ontario Provincial Police provides operators with significant benefits, in- Call Steve Sanderson for more information cluding increased safety and reduced external 111 Toryork Drive, Weston, ON M9L 1X9 noise. Tel: 877 895-9111 Fax: 416 745-5555 Web: accsupport.com For more information contact Claudia SUPPORT SERVICES LTD. Becker at 480 346-6131, or Kyle Davis at 480 924-0690.

December 2000 26 Blue Line Magazine Schweizer continues patrol tradition Patrol helicopters have been proven effec- tive in nearly 35 years of operation and the Schweizer Model 300C has played an impor- tant role in airborne law enforcement since the beginning. Schweizer Aircraft also recently introduced the Model 333 turbine helicopter to meet the ever changing demands of the airborne law en- forcement community. Schweizer Aircraft Corp. is committed to supporting the law enforcement community with the most productive and cost effective patrol helicopters available. Both the 300C and 333 are proof of that commitment. The effectiveness of law enforcement aerial patrols was first substantiated in a 1966 study in California. Operation Sky Knight was the first day-night helicopter patrol program de- MODEL 333: This particular Schweizer aircraft can be seen over San Antonio, TX. signed to prove the effectiveness of aerial pa- trols in suppressing crime and supporting ground units. than one million flight hours in airborne law apart from other single-turbine helicopters. Two Model 269B helicopters were selected enforcement. The 333 evolved from the 269 Series heli- because of their cost effective operation, un- The Model 300C was designed with four copters with its more than 20 million flight hours paralleled 180 degree visibility and inherent major objectives in mind: performance, operat- and 4,000 production units. Its spacious cabin safety design. Anecdotal information was gath- ing versatility, safety, and cost effectiveness. It provides unique operational flexibility and ex- ered to substantiate an average 10 per cent re- has unequalled manoeuvrability, excellent vis- cellent crew comfort. duction in crime rates in the patrolled areas. ibility, low noise characteristics, and outstand- Whether configured with three or four seats, Today, the Sky Knight program, which is ing range and endurance. All of these are essen- cabin visibility is excellent from every location. administered by the City of Lakewood, contin- tial characteristics for a superior law enforce- Crew fatigue is reduced because of numerous ues to operate three Schweizer Model 300C ment patrol helicopter. ergonomic features including lumbar supports helicopters. Sky Knight has built an incredible During the past three decades, the Model and integral headrests in all seats. Law enforce- safety record of nearly 100,000 accident-free 300C has allowed new aviation units to start ment patrol pilots appreciate the easy manoeu- flight hours with their 300C helicopters and with the basics. Because the 300C is an easy vrability with low stick forces and exceptional they continue to operate today with two shifts aircraft to operate, pilots and observers could stability, both of which reduce pilot workload who fly an average of eight hours a day, 365 confidently build time and aerial patrol experi- and make the 333 easy to fly. The 333 has low days a year. ence while learning the cockpit co-ordination vibration levels, a level cruise attitude and low Sky Knight was the first of many studies in necessary for effective teamwork. Simultane- ambient cabin noise levels, all important fea- the United States designed to measure the ef- ously, they could work with ground units to tures for the comfort of the patrol team. fectiveness of airborne patrols. The results of develop the most effective ways to incorporate The Model 333’s safety and crash worthi- all of them were similar: the helicopter pro- the “aerial patrol cars” into their patrol activi- ness characteristics were carefully engineered vided a unique observation platform that served ties. to make this helicopter the world’s safest single as a force multiplier. As the unit matured, they were faced with engine helicopter. Forgiving flight properties and More recently, the London Police Services new challenges including SWAT team transport, high reliability of components help reduce the conducted a very different type of research canine support, narcotics surveillance and over- risk of accident. Its unique energy absorbing project. For the first time, a one-year controlled water operations. These types of operations structure, crash-resistant fuel bladder, designed- study, utilizing a Schweizer Model 300C heli- required larger helicopters with experienced pi- in structural integrity, and large clearance from copter, was conducted to determine the cost ef- lot/observer teams. blade impingement all combine to provide ex- fectiveness of a helicopter patrol unit and its Today, turbine helicopters, such as the ceptional crew protection. impact on the local crime rate. One civilian pilot Schweizer Model 333, are being operated by a San Antonio, Texas operates a fleet of four and three trained observers from the London majority of law enforcement agencies for many Model 333 turbine helicopters. West Palm Police Service in Ontario, staffed the program. reasons. Requirements for patrol helicopters Beach, Florida has accrued 3,500 hours on its Funding was provided by a provincial gov- have changed because of the expanding role of Model 330SP, predecessor to the 333, and plans ernment grant, many corporate sponsors and a the aerial patrol vehicle. The standard search- to upgrade their aircraft to the 333 configura- federal search and rescue grant. Dr. Paul White- light, PA/siren system, and police band radio tion. Houston, Texas will take delivery of two head, Professor of Sociology at the University have been augmented with high-tech equipment new Model 333 turbine helicopters in Decem- of Western Ontario, was recruited to design the such as infrared, multi-band police radio instal- ber, 2000. research project. To date, the results of this lations, Pronet, Lojack, and microwave Years ago, Schweizer Aircraft Corp. made a study have not yet been published. downlink. More equipment results in a demand commitment to provide superior support to the Why have more than 75 law enforcement for the higher useful loads found in turbine heli- law enforcement community. With our Models aviation programs started their airborne units copters. 300C and 333 helicopters, Schweizer contin- with the Model 300C? The answer is simple. Responding to this demand, Schweizer Air- ues that commitment to law enforcement avia- The 300C is a basic helicopter in design. It is craft introduced the new Model 333 multi-mis- tion units around the world. easy to fly and it’s easy to manoeuvre. The sion turbine helicopter. Its unique cockpit de- 300C is also the most cost effective piston pa- sign, excellent performance, robust load carry- trol helicopter available and since 1966, it has ing capability, designed-in safety features and For more information contact accrued an unparalleled safety record of more low acquisition and operating costs set the 333 607 739-3821.

December 2000 27 Blue Line Magazine The R44 police helicopter

The four-seat R44 Police Helicopter is the first high-performance, affordable, turn-key aerial platform designed and equipped specifi- cally to meet the rigorous demands of today’s law enforcement agencies. The R44 is the world’s top-selling helicop- ter, providing the performance of an expensive turbine helicopter at an affordable piston price. By equipping the world’s best selling helicop- ter with all of the technological equipment nec- essary for a successful air support program, the R44 Police Helicopter has set a new stand- ard in airborne law enforcement. Air support units using the R44 Police Helicopter handle many tasks, including pur- suit, patrol and surveillance, but paramount is the enhancement of officer and citizen safety. “We are able to provide our citizens and officers with an added measure of safety on a daily basis,” reports Robert Muse of Califor- nia’s El Monte Police Department. “We started with an R22 during the Los Angeles riots. We were the first department to use an R22 for law enforcement because of its cost effective- ness. A WORK HORSE: The R44 Police Helicopter operates 100 hours between inspections, “We now use an R44 seven days a week, and 12 years or 2,200 hours between overhauls. It is the world’s top-selling helicopter. six hours a day. We perform the same missions as other agencies who operate more expensive During the Democratic Convention in Au- All of the specialized police equipment, includ- helicopters, but without the fancy paint job.” gust the Santa Monica Police Department op- ing the infrared camera system, is optimally Studies of law enforcement air support have erated R22 and R44 helicopters. installed to reduce drag and maximize the R44’s proven a helicopter is equivalent to five or more “Over the course of 31 days, we selectively speed. ground units in terms of the ability to search an responded to 325 calls for service,” Sgt. D.P. area effectively. As a highly visible eye in the Thomas reported after the convention, “The Mission Tested Reliability sky, the R44 also serves as an excellent deter- helicopter was first on scene in over 80 per cent Today’s police departments demand heli- rent to criminals. of the calls. It was instrumental in the appre- copters that can patrol 24 hours a day, seven hension of 11 suspects and was also first on days a week. Its unmatched reliability makes First On The Scene scene where nine other suspects were ultimately the Robinson R44 the logical choice. Air support officers fly the R44 with con- arrested or detained by ground units.” “We only have one R44 and it virtually never fidence knowing its fast 130 mph cruise speed Newly developed hydraulic flight controls breaks down,” Muse states. will provide rapid response to calls. eliminate stick shake and control forces in flight. The R44 operates 100 hours between in-

December 2000 28 Blue Line Magazine Cost Effective with spections, and 12 years or 2,200 hours between ity and reliability has made the R44 the world’s overhauls. Reliability translates into safety, and most popular helicopter. It has fewer accidents NTSB statistics confirm that Robinson heli- due to aircraft or engine failure than other light Experience copters have fewer accidents due to aircraft or helicopters, and best of all, the R44 has the engine failure. lowest cost-per-seat-mile of any helicopter. When the mission is law enforcement, de- Equipped For Patrol pendability means everything. With the R44 The R44 has a 28-volt electrical system with helicopter, police agencies have a partner they state-of-the-art communications, navigation and can rely on and a cost-effective means to en- surveillance equipment. hance the safety and security of officers and All equipment is installed for easy accessi- the public at large. bility for the observer in day or night operations, including independent audio controls, map lights, and a convenient pouch for binoculars. Remov- Specifications able left seat pedals and collective control may Gross Weight ...... 2,400 lbs be installed to allow a properly rated observer to Empty Weight (md oil & avionics)1,442lbs control the aircraft using the center cyclic con- Standard Police Package ...... 120 lbs trol should the pilot become incapacitated. Standard Fuel ...... (30.6 gal)184 lbs National Helicopters Auxiliary Fuel ...... (18.3 gal)110 lbs Advanced Technology Is Pax & Cargo w/stnd fuel ...... 654 lbs delivers both Standard Equipment Cruise Speed ...... 130 mph (113 kt) With a fuel consumption of only 12 to 15 Maximum Range (no reserve) ..... 400 miles gph and the lowest seat-mile operating cost of Hover Ceiling GE @2400 lb ...... 6,400 ft. any helicopter, the R44 fits into any law en- Hover Ceiling OGE @2200 lb ..... 5,100 ft. forcement budget. But the R44’s affordable cost Rate-of-Climb ...... 1,000 fpm hasn’t compromised quality or performance. Maximum Operating Altitude .... 14,000 ft. The R44 is “fast, reliable, and well-equipped Phone Toll Free: 1-866-361-1100 for the law enforcement mission,” Thomas says. Fax: 905 893-2700 The FSI Inframetics 445G-MKII infrared For more information, please contact Kurt Email: [email protected] sensor (HgCdTe Sensor, 8-12 microns) with 7X Robinson at 310 539-0508. zoom colour TV camera system is standard equipment in the R44. The nose gimbal mount provides 360-degree rotation and a wide field of vision. The lightweight nine-inch diameter rugged, environmentally sealed gimbal, coupled with a streamline installation, minimizes drag and reduces fuel consumption. Westervelt College A fold-down video monitor with a 10-inch sunlight-readable colour LCD screen is stand- Excellence in Education Since 1885 ard. The observer can quickly raise or lower the monitor to increase outside visibility when the camera system is not in use. The monitor mount also accommodates the King KFMM 985 dual band transceiver. An optional FM control head is available with up to three FM transceivers. The Spectrolab SX5E Searchlight provides 15 to 20 million candle power using a 500-watt Call Now xenon lamp. The high-intensity focusable beam To Enrol may be controlled by the observer using a hand controller, or as an option, the light can be slaved to the nose gimbal. A variety of options are available on the R44 Police Helicopter including: Four-Point Police Foundations Training Shoulder Harness System (front seats); P/A delivered in an intense one-year “Police Academy” environment Speaker and Siren (100 watt); Microwave Downlink Capability; GPS Position Video Advanced status available to those with: Titler; and LoJack installation. A GPS mapping • 1 or 2 years Law and Security computer and image tracking system for the • 1 or more years University gimbal are under development at Robinson’s factory in southern California. • Career related experience

World Leader In Light Westervelt College Helicopters 1060 Wellington Road Robinson Helicopter Company is the Teaching tomorrow’s professionals, today! London Ontario world’s leading producer of helicopters and re- N6E 3W5 cently delivered its 4,000th aircraft. (519) 668-2000 Robinson’s engineering emphasis on qual- Toll Free 1-877-668-2001

December 2000 29 Blue Line Magazine The GBA experience

Groen Brothers Aviation, Inc. (GBA) of Salt Lake City, Utah, has developed and is certify- ing with the FAA the Hawk 4 (four place) Gyroplane. Based on the lessons learned during suc- cessful flight testing of three prototypes, the Hawk 4, with its patented variable pitch rotor head, allows not only S/VTOL, but also low and slow flight characterized by unprecedented control and safety. The Hawk 4 is powered by a 450 shp Rolls-Royce Model 250 series gas turbine engine. Aerial surveillance in law enforcement re- quires an aircraft capable of slow speed flight in order to loiter, orbit a stationary target, or fol- low a slow moving target. Fixed wing aircraft cannot provide the slow, safe flight that is necessary in most law en- forcement roles. Helicopters provide slow flight capabilities, but at a price in terms of cost and safety. The gyroplane and the helicopter are both rotary wing aircraft and derive lift from the spin- ning of the rotor blades. The area in which the blades spin is called the disk surface area, or rotor disk. If pictured as a plate on top of the THE HAWK: Groen Brothers Aviation Inc., has developed the Hawk 4 Gyroplane. aircraft, the dynamics of rotor flight can easily be understood. The rotor disk is tilted forward, or down, to- 10 degrees. The rotor blades are always pow- Picture a side view of a helicopter in flight. ward the nose of the aircraft, at approximately ered, pulling air down through the rotor sys- tem, or disk. It is, in effect, a big fan blowing air down providing lift and thrust. Since the rotor blades are powered internally, from inside the helicopter, torque is created which makes the aircraft want to spin in the opposite direction of the powered rotor blades. Helicopters require tail rotors or some means of counteracting that torque. To power both the rotor blades and an anti-torque device, heli- copters are a complex aircraft with transmis- sions, gearboxes, drive lines and many critical parts. A gyroplane’s rotor disk is tilted back. Thrust is provided by an engine-driven propel- ler. As the gyroplane moves forward, air flows through the rotor blades and, like air flowing through a windmill, causes the freely spinning rotor blades to turn and create lift. This is called autorotation. With an engine-driven propeller and a freely spinning rotor system, the gyroplane is a simple aircraft. If an engine fails in a helicopter, the pilot must instantly react to make the transition from powered flight to autorotation and then guide the aircraft to a safe landing. This can happen only if the aircraft has enough altitude, forward speed, or a combination of both at the time the engine fails. The gyroplane always flies in constant autorotation. If an engine failure occurs at any altitude or speed, the pilot need only guide the aircraft to a safe landing. The gyroplane is safer than fixed wing airplanes because it does not stall or spin. In an airplane, if you go too slowly, the wing will

December 2000 30 Blue Line Magazine stop flying and the airplane will fall to earth in the external conditions are (weight, airspeed, enforcement agencies of every size a new, cost a spin. If you fly a gyroplane slower than the altitude, temperature, etc.). effective and safe tool for their aerial surveil- minimum airspeed required to maintain altitude, It allows for higher maximum speeds and lance needs. it will begin a gentle descent. To stop the de- lower minimum speeds. It allows the pilot to scent, you simply nose the aircraft forward, recover from low rotor rpm conditions and also The Hawk 4 Gyroplane is demonstrated accelerating to flying speed. permits vertical and short roll takeoff and land- on a regular basis at our Flight Operations The simple nature of the gyroplane also ing. Facility in Buckeye, AZ. If you would translates into less maintenance costs than a We also have invented proprietary airfoils like to attend a demonstration, please call complex helicopter. But more importantly, the for our rotor blades that enable our gyroplanes 801 973-0177 or email us at safety aspects inherent in its design become the to fly at airspeeds above what has been typical for additional in- greatest attribute. The Hawk 4 Gyroplane is for helicopters. Our technology truly brings the formation. clearly a safe, cost-effective choice for airborne gyroplane into the 21st century and offers law surveillance and law enforcement. The Hawk 4 Gyroplanes will be the first in a series of S/VTOL capable aircraft. Devel- opment and certification of the Hawk 6 (six Bikers withdraw appeal place) and Hawk 8 (eight place) will follow the Hawk 4 and preliminary designs of larger The Supreme Court of Canada will not ingly interested in. aircraft have been completed. FAA type certi- hear the appeal of an Ontario biker gang Durham Police requested the court make fication of the Hawk 4 is expected to be com- against police roadside checks. a ruling despite the move by the biker gang, pleted in late 2001, early 2002. The flight test The Para-dice Riders withdrew their ap- saying that there is confusion in law about program for the first production Hawk 4 is peal from the high court in October without how far police can go in trying to control biker underway at our flight operations facility in giving a reason. gangs. However, the justices could not allow Buckeye, AZ. David Sims, a lawyer for Durham Re- the case to proceed without an appellant. GBA has brought the gyroplane into the gional Police, suggested the withdrawal may The Durham Regional Police Service was modern age using modern aerodynamics, mate- have been made due to pressure in the biker sued by the biker gang over large-scale road- rials, and manufacturing and design techniques. community to lay low following numerous side stops of their members in 1991 and 1992. We have invented a proprietary rotor system calls for a crackdown on organized crime. The Para-dice Riders claimed the road- that gives the pilot in-flight collective pitch con- The case was to focus how to control side checks were harassment and arbitrary trol of the gyroplane rotor. organized crime and outlaw biker gangs; an detention, a violation of their Charter rights. This allows the pilot to get maximum per- issue which Parliament has become increas- They lost both the trial and appeal. formance from the rotor system no matter what

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December 2000 31 Blue Line Magazine Improving Canada’s community policing with FLIR FLIR Systems has been leading the airborne “Airborne imaging plays a critical role in and rescue tool. A high performance Indium An- law enforcement thermal and visible light Canada’ s overall public safety program,” said timonide (InSb) infrared focal plane array (FPA) imaging market since 1978. David Llewelyn, General Manager of FLIR detector operating in the three to five micron They provide local, national and interna- Systems Canada. “FLIR products, such as our range is able to sense minute thermal signatures tional law enforcement agencies with an exten- ULTRA 7000, can significantly improve regional in a variety of atmospheric conditions. sive line of airborne imaging products that solve police department’s effectiveness by providing The system features a 10X continuous zoom a broad range of mission challenges. Day or night the ability to cover and survey more area, as IR lens with a focal range of 25mm to 250mm, and in any type of weather, FLIR’s imaging well as track and locate targets quicker and easier.” allowing crews to fly higher and see targets with systems provide aviation units the range and Currently, Durham and York employ FLIR better detail without losing track of a suspect detection capabilities that consistently deliver Systems Mark II airborne imager. The Mark II when switching between magnification levels. successful results. has gone through a couple of design and tech- Housed next to the infrared imager is a col- Several factors have contributed to the rise nology changes over the last couple of years our CCD camera, also featuring a 10X zoom. in the use of FLIR airborne imaging systems by and was renamed the ULTRA 7000. This visible light camera complements the in- Canadian regional police departments, such as Building on the success of its Mark II and frared benefits with clear, colour pictures for Durham and York. Mark III brethren, FLIR’s ULTRA 7000 com- daytime surveillance. First, urban growth and the demand it puts bines advanced engineering, airborne imaging An autotracking system reduces cockpit on community policing have made many Cana- expertise and extensive user input from the field, workload by helping the operator maintain tar- dian police organizations look for alternative to introduce the finest airborne law enforce- get acquisition. methods to enhance public safety in a cost ef- ment imaging system to date. In addition, the ULTRA 7000’s super fective manner. Police units equipped with an This system is designed to provide 24 hour lightweight ergonomic hand controller is de- airborne imaging system can cover more area a day, higher altitude, long-range search and sur- signed to provide one hand control. The intui- and reduce, or redirect assets without compro- veillance for rotary and fixed wing aircraft. tive and user-friendly control reduces stress mising safety. In addition, IRIS of Vancouver, BC, depends by allowing the user to carry out mission func- Second, Canadian forces are well aware of on the ruggedness, lightweight design and ther- tions with one hand. The intuitive graphical the success FLIR has had in the United States. mal sensitivity of the ULTRA 7000 on their fleet display shows field of view, autotracker, GPS With a law enforcement airborne imaging mar- of mobile infrared inspection vans for law en- data and gain and level with clear, easily read- ket share that exceeds 70 per cent, FLIR imaging forcement and transportation entities to monitor able understood graphics. systems can be found working on county, city and inspect commercial vehicle braking systems. and state air units in virtually every state and Inside the compact, rugged nine inch gimbal For more information on FLIR Systems have contributed to hundreds of arrests and res- is a dual sensor payload that defines the sys- Ltd., call 800 613-0507. cues. tem’s versatility as a crime fighting and search

Tactical Why not lease a helicopter instead? Landing There probably isn’t a law en- copter off the ground is expensive, Light forcement agency in the country Munro adds. To start a flight unit that would turn down the oppor- on its own, a police service would The Tactical Landing tunity to have a helicopter on regu- have to find a place to house the Light system is a self-con- lar patrol or for use in emergency aircraft, hire a pilot and purchase tained, battery operated land- situations. and install all the equipment ing aid used for either fixed or However, the price tag at- needed to perform regular patrol rotary wing aircraft. The unit tached to most helicopters are prob- duties. Then there is the additional is composed of a receiver, logic ably more than most agencies can cost of maintaining the chopper decoding circuitry, and two il- afford. Add to this items like fuel, itself. luminating sources, one for maintenance, a trained pilot and a Under a leasing agreement, the location and another for final service crew and you’re looking at commercial operator provides eve- Photo: McAlpine Helicopters Ltd. approach and landing. a bill that may be a little large for rything except the police radio and The system is activated most number crunchers to swal- police observers. They must also ourselves will step in and we will from an unmodulated radio low. provide a similar aircraft when a do what we are good at, while leav- transmission with a carrier fre- But there is an alternative to police service’s regular chopper is ing the police to do what they are quency of 122.0 MHz. The purchasing a chopper. Why not undergoing routine maintenance or good at,” he said. minimum reception distance is lease one instead? any repairs. As a result, the police The cost of leasing a helicop- three miles. The system has Dan Munro, the president of force experiences no downtime. ter varies depending on the amount three pilot controlled modes National Helicopters Inc., says “It’s basically power by the of time a clients wants to spend in (standby, strobe and continu- there is one major benefit to leas- hour and you can start tomorrow,” the air, the aircraft being used and ous mode) and two ground ing a helicopter from a commercial according to Munro. the equipment it holds, said user controlled modes (con- operator as opposed to buying one Simon Morton, a senior vice- Morton. tinuous strobe and continuous outright. president with Canadian Helicop- “It’s a very specialized busi- illumination modes). “The biggest advantage is the ters Ltd., says a leasing agreement ness,” he said. “Certainly the ad- For information contact level of service,” Munro notes. “We relieves the law enforcement vantage to going with the commer- Siemens Canada Ltd., Airport have a complete infrastructure in agency of any management aspect, cial operator as opposed to oper- Technology at 905-819-5753. place to deal with serviceability in with the exception of providing the ating their own aviation department a helicopter.” police observers. is the depth of experience and the The initial cost of getting a heli- “A helicopter company like safety.”

December 2000 32 Blue Line Magazine Aerial intelligence support increases safety and efficiency

On Aug. 1, 2000, the Toronto Police Serv- fective two-way communication give police of- ice began its Air Support Unit as a six-month ficers the ability to observe and quickly co-ordi- trial project involving two Bell 206BIII heli- nate an effective ground response to vehicle pur- copters, each equipped with state-of-the-art suits, suspect apprehension, vehicle theft, pub- Wescam gyro-stabilized camera systems, wire- lic demonstrations and disturbances, traffic man- less video and audio transmission and systems agement and interdiction of contraband. integration technology. The project began its first day of operation Officer And Public Safety during Caribana, Toronto’s celebration of Car- Officer and public safety is a high priority ibbean heritage, which attracts hundreds of thou- among all law enforcement professionals. Rou- sands of visitors to the city. tine calls for assistance can result in violence, The value of the project was evident right armed confrontation and pursuit. An aerial in- away, according to Toronto police Det. Sgt. telligence system that provides command of- Cyril Fernandes. ficers with the big picture as incidents unfold “It allowed us to deploy our ground units can increase the safety of a situation for both as the crowds moved or as a situation devel- ON BOARD: Sgt. Mike Schueller oper- the public and uniformed personnel. oped,” he said ates an imaging and microwave system. Airborne observers can also assist in police Fernandes directs the air support unit, re- and ambulance response to critical situations porting to Deputy Chief Steven Reesor in op- imaging and transmission technology available. by helping to identify the quickest and safest erational support command. Four constables “This is truly a unique system,” said route through the congestion that often accom- and one sergeant staff the new Air Support Unit. Wescam’s Vice President of Commercial Sys- panies an incident. Canadian Helicopters was the prime con- tems David Smith. “It is one of the most ad- The video imagery provided by the Wescam tractor, working with the Toronto Police Serv- vanced integrated aerial reconnaissance systems sensor system and recorded on the on-board ice to co-ordinate the project. in police use anywhere in the world, and repre- VCR also provides important forensic evidence. “We worked with Wescam because we were sents Wescam’s high level of technology pro- Accuracy of evidence is important to pro- looking for a partner that was the best in this viding a total visual information system for ef- vide the court with a true sense of the events technology, with proven total integrated sys- fective law enforcement.” and the scene, Fernandes explained. tem capability and after-sales support,” said The pilot project will be evaluated early in Canadian’s Senior Vice President Simon Morton. Strategic Deployment the new year to determine whether the City of The two helicopters are each equipped with Airborne reconnaissance allows officers to Toronto will continue with a long-term program. Wescam’s new 12DS200 dual-sensor camera tur- survey a large area and provide information to “The project is a model for other forces in ret, flat screen monitor, airborne microwave video ground commanders, who can then direct per- the Greater Toronto Area,” Fernandes said. and audio transmission system, VCR and sonnel efficiently. “They are watching to see how well this sys- Nightsun searchlight. The Nightsun is slaved to From their study of the experiences of other tem performs and our success will be a key the camera turret to allow simultaneous tracking. law enforcement agencies using helicopters for determining factor in their decision to follow The advanced imaging systems provided by aerial reconnaissance, Toronto police concluded with a program of their own.” Wescam enable long-range detection, recogni- that “a helicopter can search a square mile of tion, identification and tracking of persons and terrain in about 12 minutes, while men on foot take over 450 man hours”. For more information on Wescam contact vehicles in daylight, total darkness and low light Ken Neale at 905 689-2231. conditions. The Wescam sensor turret contains Daylight and thermal video imaging and ef- a colour video camera for daylight operations, as well as a thermal imager for night operations. Wescam’s microwave technology transmits continuous, high-quality video images and au- dio signals to a designated ground receive site. Your Single Source to Airborne Command The signals are then relayed to Toronto police headquarters central communication centre and dispatch room in real time. Police at ground- based command locations are able to view, con- trol and interpret information as events unfold for critical on-the-spot decision making. “In the past, we often felt we were dis- patching ground units with our eyes closed. With the helicopter in the air, it’s like the lights went on,” said Reesor. Through a fibre-optic ground network, the communication centre is able to send this video Canadian Helicopters and audio information out to the 17 divisional command centres across the city as well as to Island Shell Aerocentre emergency services and neighbouring munici- Toronto, Ontario pal law enforcement agencies. In this way, all divisional commanders have the information they need to make command decisions as events Phone: 416 203-9213 Fax: 416 203-9214 move into their jurisdiction. Website: www.chc.ca The gyro-stabilized sensor turret and inte- grated microwave communications system give the Toronto police the most advanced airborne

December 2000 33 Blue Line Magazine Emergency-related standards A source of occupational health and safety liability? by Cheryl A. Edwards

Adding to the grief, shock and questions which accompany a serious or fatal injury to a police officer during the line of duty, is a new issue: increasingly, the enforcers of workplace safety legislation are asking whether sufficient steps were taken to protect the health and safety of the officer. Imagine, for example, the loss of an officer while performing an underwater search for an item involved in an offence, or for a drowning victim, being compounded with allegations that the police force has failed to train and warn officers in accordance with appropriate diving standards. Or the loss of an officer in a side-of-the- highway-crash being accompanied by allegations that audible warning or emergency lighting equipment did not meet applicable safety-re- lated standards. Imagine the loss of a lone officer at a remote GUIDELINES: Does your police service meet established workplace standards? or dangerous location compounded by allega- tions that his or her radio communication sys- tions, amongst others. While the specifics of increasingly, recognized standards and guide- tem was so outdated that it malfunctioned, pre- workplace health and safety legislation are of- lines from national and international bodies are venting a call for back-up from being audibly ten regarded as being directed to classic indus- utilized as a standard against which to assess received, so that back-up could be dispatched trial or construction environments, legislative the precautions taken by corporate employers in a timely manner. provisions are drafted sufficiently broadly to and management to protect their workers. Is the possibility that a federal, provincial encompass the activities of police forces. Where an employer or individual is regarded or municipal police service could face health In many provinces, “workplace” is expressly as contravening legislative standards or the ob- and safety liability for the consequences to its defined as including any vehicle or place at which ligation to “take all reasonable precautions”, officers in these situations too far fetched? workers may perform work. In every jurisdic- compliance orders may be issued by govern- tion, there are broad obligations for employers ment officials, and ultimately, enforcement can Occupational Health And and their management to take all possible pre- occur under federal or provincial health and Safety Responsibilities cautions, or “take every precaution reasonable safety legislation. Occupational health and safety legislation in the circumstances”, to protect workers. Since the early to mid-1990’s, health and across Canada establishes duties for corporate This general obligation to take all possible safety legislation has been amended across employers, workplace owners, supervisors, steps to protect workers is often regarded as an Canada to provide for severe penalties for cor- workers and officers and directors of corpora- all-encompassing, elusive standard. However, porate employers contravening standards - now some provinces and the Federal Canada Labour Code provide for penalties of up to one million dollars per offence, upon conviction. Recent Cases Of Note In order to illustrate the scope of responsi- bility and potential liability under health and safety legislation relating to the three hypo- thetical scenarios above, it may help to examine some relevant recent health and safety cases. Several cases clearly establish responsibility and liability for employers who fail to meet well recognized, established standards for workplace Additional styles available activities. Cases from across Canada have established very high standards for corporate employers to consider all foreseeable dangers which may be present at a work site. For example, Ontario’s 552 QUEEN ST. W. 20 BERMONDSEY RD 288 WILLIAM AVE. Court of Appeal in Regina v. Rio Algom Lim- TORONTO, ON SCARBOROUGH, ON WINNIPEG, MB ited (1988) 1 C.O.H.S.C. 1 (Ont. C.A.) stated TEL: 416 504-5503 TEL: 416 757-6214 TEL: 204 989-2146 that corporate employers must take all the care FAX: 416 504-6818 FAX: 204 989-2106 which reasonable persons might be expected to HEAD OFFICE take to avoid the circumstances which caused e-mail: [email protected] the accident. Where a reasonable person would THREE LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU BETTER have recognized that a hazard exists, a corpo- rate employer is expected to take all steps to

December 2000 34 Blue Line Magazine deal with that hazard. guidelines which might reasonably be applied ecution was commenced against the police de- Flowing from this, several employers have to the workplace” (Unreported Ontario Health partment in the matter). been prosecuted for failing to take reasonable and Safety Adjudication decision, Ontario Pub- In connection with the faulty communica- steps to protect workers by failing to ensure lic Service Employees Union (OPSEU), Ontario tion system scenario, the Niagara Regional Po- compliance with a reasonable external standard Ministry of Labour and Ontario Ministry of the lice, in Ontario, have received orders under for its activities. Solicitor General and Correctional Services Ontario’s Occupational Health and Safety leg- In Regina v. Nova Scotia Power Corpora- (Sault St. Marie Jail), March 18, 1996). islation in relation to allegations surrounding tion (Unreported Decision of Provincial Court ongoing radio system failures which, it is ar- Justice B. Digby, June 22, 1998), the corpora- Due Diligence And gued, have placed the lives of officers at in- tion was convicted of failing to ensure that an Emergency-Related Standards creased risk. Those orders, which remain under aerial device being utilized by a worker install- One of the few defences available to a fed- appeal before the Ontario Labour Relations ing a service connection met CSA Standards. eral, provincial or municipal police service, Board, include orders that the police force main- Repair to the device did not meet the standard when facing an inquiry or potential prosecu- tain its radio system in good condition. In re- and the bucket in which the worker was raised tion under occupational health and safety legis- gard to the emergency sirens or lighting sce- failed at a pedestal, detached and caused fatal lation, is the defence that all reasonable care or nario above, there are no known orders or pros- injuries to the worker. “due diligence” was exercised. ecutions of a police force for failure to meet the The corporation was fined $180,000. How- Without delving into all potential elements multiple, well-known North American emer- ever, in January 1999. an appeal court found of a due diligence defence, one of the elements gency vehicle siren standards and emergency that the CSA standard which formed the basis routinely canvassed by the courts and bodies lighting standards. for the conviction was not sufficiently clear that enforcing health and safety legislation is whether Many standards exist, including S.A.E., it was a mandatory standard, as opposed to a precautions consistent with foreseeable dangers N.F.P.A. and California Class “A” standards recommended standard. The conviction and sen- and consistent with recognized, available stand- for emergency vehicles. In today’s environment, tence were overturned. ards, have been met. Put in this context, it does however, a fatal roadside or on-road-accident Most recently, in Regina v. City of London not require a significant stretch of the imagina- to an officer involving contravention of recog- (unreported decision of the Ontario Court of Jus- tion in our three scenarios above to suggest that nized, established standards could result in tice, London, Ontario, March 20, 2000), a con- a police force may have health and safety-related safety-related liability for any police depart- viction and $250,000 fine against a municipal responsibilities and potential liabilities. ment in Canada. corporation for failing to take all reasonable pre- Let’s return to my scenarios. Currently, the As the decision maker stated in the Sault cautions to protect a worker, specifically be- RCMP is facing prosecution under the health St. Marie Jail case cited above, municipal em- cause it had not taken precautions set out in a and safety provisions of the Canada Labour ployers that act like “the proverbial ostrich”, provincial Gas Utilization Code, were upheld. Code for allegedly failing to train, equip, and ignoring emergency-related vehicle standards, A young worker refilling an ice resurfacer at supervise a member of its dive team who do so at their peril. a City of London arena was fatally injured in an drowned in 1997 while searching the hull of a explosion. Evidence established that the city ship for illegal drugs at Little Narrows, N.S. In Cheryl A. Edwards, a former prosecutor had constructed the arena without reference to a recent parallel proceeding, an inquest into the for the Ontario Ministry of Labour, is a a standard for the installation of gas water heat- death of a police constable with the Waterloo partner with Stringer Brisbin Humphrey, ers as set out in the Gas Utilization Code. The Regional Police Department, in Ontario, released Management Lawyers in Toronto. Her worker’s activities in refilling the ice resurfacer its recommendations following the drowning of management, labour and employment law had resulted in gas fumes from the tank of the an officer while attempting an underwater res- practice focuses on advice and resurfacer exploding, causing fatal injuries to cue. The recommendations released, in June representation of private and private sector the worker. Although the code is not referenced 2000, included one that emergency services dive employers on health and safety-related in the Occupational Health and Safety Act of team members receive training to the level set matters. Ontario, it was used as a reasonable precaution out in CSA Standard Z275.4. (No OH&S pros- which ought to have been taken for the protec- tion of workers. In another case, considering the question of whether a compliance order ought to be over- turned, a decision maker considering the duty The Great Mac Attack! of employers to take all reasonable precautions “WHEN THEY ANNOUNCED THAT OUR TEAMS to protect workers stated: “It has frequently by Tony MacKinnon WOULD BE REALLY BLOWN UP THIS YEAR, been the practice of occupational health and THIS ISN’T QUITE WHAT I HAD PICTURED!” safety inspectors and adjudicators. . .to look to standards set by credible outside organizations where regulations have not been promulgated. . .that makes good sense - industry standards may be a useful source of information about what constitutes reasonable precautions for the protection of workers in a given set of circum- stances. “It has become almost routine for in- spectors to look to the publications of the Ca- nadian Standards Association in cases where the CSA has provided guidance. . .an employer that, like the proverbial ostrich, chooses to put its head in the sand when confronted with a potential workplace hazard. . .is not, in my view, complying with (the obligation to take every precaution reasonable). . .One of the things that an employer such as the one in the case at hand ought to do, in my view, is consider whether any credible sources have established useful

December 2000 35 Blue Line Magazine How did loyalty get a bad name? by Robert Lunney There are two things that have gravely af- work place changing, turning away from an en- Loyalty is a precious quality. It represents fected the quality of leader/follower and em- vironment which valued team work to a society something vital, a concept, a way of life, and an ployer/employee relationships within our po- that placed more emphasis on individuality. The intelligent devotion to an idea, a cause, a per- lice services. definition of success was more often defined as son, or a government. First, when wave after wave of financial personal gain. Everyone has a desire even an instinct, to cut backs struck Canadian policing in the 8O’s Job hopping, short-term tenure and multi- be loyal and a man or woman who has nothing trade and professional career planning gained to be loyal to is an unhappy person. The sim- acceptance as models for the future. When plest form of loyalty may be summarized like free agency came into vogue, many people this; Here is my appointed place; this is my decided to trade a long-term commitment for group. I must work in and with it, and if need short-term opportunism. We sent loyalty into be I must fight for it. ethical exile. There are many loyalties: loyalty to one’s In policing today, we are loyal to our own principles and beliefs, loyalty to family, partner and we are loyal to our squad. We loyalty to a group, an organization and to one’s find it hard to extend it further. Those who country. Loyalty to oneself and one’s own do are often regarded as unrealistic idealists, beliefs is something we must possess before or at worst, derided as pandering to author- we can truly commit our loyalty to others. At ity or looking for favours. We don’t like our- the personal level it means acting always on selves as much as we used to. We have parked your own principles and beliefs and being true our pride in the common cause, in the badge, to yourself. in the uniform and we are the poorer for it. At the next level, the loyalty of personal relationships is an estimable quality. It means Restoring Virtue not fading out of the picture when our friend Loyalty is not a fugitive memory. It was or partner encounters problems. It includes not lost in transition from “the old days” sympathy, mutual aid and a warm apprecia- regardless of what the cynics claim. tion of personality. Loyalty remains an urgent human need Within a group, to be loyal is to be in- in all life situations and an essential quality in volved, to be a participant, to belong. The every worthy relationship between people. commitment to be loyal confirms one’s own We must take back our organizations from the uncaring technocrats, economists and po- personal significance and extends the bond of and 90’s, police services were exhorted by litical dilettantes that would have us run policing caring and commitment beyond mere boards and governments to operate like busi- as a business. acquaintancy. ness enterprises and focus on the “bottom line” Policing is a noble cause, calling for a spir- of the budget sheet. Efficiency (doing things Traditional Loyalty itual commitment to the common good, a quality right) and economy took precedence over ef- Every member and employee has an obliga- that is inherent in all people of virtue. Good fectiveness (doing the right things). tion to be loyal to the service for which they policing inherently seeks truth and justice and Incentives were restricted, even cancelled work. They should be proud of the organiza- protects and values the human rights that ensure out. In some places, police salaries were slashed tion and feel a reflected glory when they read democratic government and freedom for all. and benefits reduced. The cut backs were played reports of its activities and achievements. The This is for everybody, not just those ap- out in delayering, and buy-outs. People, who goodwill and loyalty of the working force is pointed to lead. The first steps towards reaffir- had been led to believe that their contribution one of the essentials of a successful operation. mation of loyalty must come from courageous, was respected and precious, were offered money To attain their highest development as a determined individuals at all levels in the organi- to go away. Many accepted because the offers human being, a person needs to think well of zation as it always has; from people who are not were fair and even tempting, but they found their work. They must be proud to be a vital slow or timid about proclaiming their beliefs. little dignity in the process. part of the team. Anyone who is connected with Loyalty is demonstrated in the hundreds of It became evident to people in the ranks that a cause or an organization in which they have daily duties that we all must do. It embraces their leaders no longer could deliver the resources no faith, cannot do their best work and will find adherence to duty, keeping promises and being necessary to keep pace with demands. Service it difficult to give their loyalty. They should faithful to ideals. It means doing a days work in standards fell and promises were broken. Lead- look for another connection, in fairness both to a day, in telling the truth and taking care of each ership appeared powerless and morale sagged. themselves and the service. other. It means being proud of your organiza- After succeeding years of this experience, tion and what it stands for, and standing up for What Happened? there was an important change in chemistry it when necessary. It means taking the risk of Loyalty is also a two way street. The re- between the leaders and followers The process commitment to ideals and leadership. sponsibility of those in whom loyalty is placed took its toll of organizational spirit and people Loyalty is the life-blood of teamwork. When cannot be overemphasized. The greater the loy- began to question whether or not they could you do those little things and you do them con- alty, the greater the responsibility. People and continue to offer unequivocal loyalty. Old codes sistently and well, you make the job and the institutions must deserve loyalty; they cannot of duty, honour and loyalty fell to the cool cal- organization your own again. hope to win and return it unless they them- culation of careerism and survival. It became selves are loyal. every one for themselves. This is what we used to think. I’m not en- The second factor is that this transforma- Respond to Robert Lunney on ... tirely sure we believe it any more. And if we tion of worker attitude was not unique to polic- don’t believe every word, if we have reserva- ing. Many people who joined organizations to tions, if we promise some degree of loyalty but follow common ideals and who were prepared not unequivocal loyalty, then what happened? at that point to commit their loyalty, found the

December 2000 36 Blue Line Magazine Starter’s pistols are firearms, judge rules

A sports store employee has been sen- tenced to one year in jail after a judge clas- In 1998 VehiTech Inc. and Volvo teamed together to introduce the S70 sified a starter pistol as a firearm for the police package to the Canadian market. By doing so, our research and first time in Canada. The ruling came in October after the development department has been working to develop police package Ontario government introduced legislation products for the Ford Crown Victoria and the Chevrolet Impala. that would ban the selling of certain starter pistols that can be modified to fire live ammunition. Justice Eugene Ewaschuk of the On- tario Superior Court said that track offi- CENTRE CONSOLE cials would not use such a pistol, but that criminals would. • Interchangeable faceplate to Pradeep Goswami, an employee at an support the control heads . outdoors equipment store in Toronto, was • Computer solution ready with found guilty of possession of weapons for the purpose of trafficking. His sentence docking station carries a one-year minimum sentence. • Printer box available On July 7, an undercover officer pur- chased a pistol for $241 from Goswami and showed the officer how to convert it with a screwdriver so that it could fire live ammunition, the court was told. Undercover officers bought six more PROTECTION BARRIER starter’s pistols a week later for $1,426. The court heard that Goswami told offic- • Custom made for each vehicle: ers that the pistols are popular and said Ford Crown Victoria Interceptor the store buys many of the weapons. Chevrolet Impala Police Pack Police charged an employee at a sec- ond Toronto sporting goods store with • Upper section: Lexan Windows weapons offences in July 1999. • Lower section: Metal or plastic ABS Most hunting, sporting and gun stores in Ontario have already decided to pull the • Installation is easy starter’s pistols off their shelves since the • High level of security arrests were made last year. There are no current restrictions on the selling of start- er’s pistols. Unlike replica guns, pellet guns or air OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE pistols, starter’s pistols are not specifically mentioned in the Criminal Code. • Electronic compartment support However, the code defines a firearm • Trunk organizer as a barreled weapon that is capable of causing serious bodily injury or death and also as anything that has the poten- tial of becoming a firearm through modi- fication. Ewaschuk said that the starter’s pis- tol sold at the store where Goswami worked was dramatically different from a typical starter’s pistol used in track and All these products are Canadian made field. New models resemble real handguns Every product used was conceived, developed, and assembled in Canada and have grown in popularity in the city for the past three years, police say. For additional information on these products please contact Vehitech The pistols can be modified to fire .22 Phone 450 463-1649 or Toll Free at 1-888-648-3333 or .32-calibre bullets. www.vehitech.com

December 2000 37 Blue Line Magazine Another “Sobriety Test” Analysis R.v. Sundquist (2000) (Sask. C.A.) by Gino Arcaro

There have been a myriad of case law deci- not allowed to obtain evidence to support an sions about sobriety tests, referring to formal impaired driving charge. observations of a driver’s conduct and actions • in general, police officers draw their author- resulting from the direction of a police officer ity from two sources - common law and stat- for the purpose of forming reasonable grounds ute. of impaired ability to operate a motor vehicle. The duties of a police officer at common The Criminal Code does not specifically law are: authorize a police officer to demand, compel, i) preserve the peace, or direct a person to perform structured sobri- ii) prevent crime, and ety tests to form reasonable grounds of impair- iii) protect life and property. ment. Several provincial courts of appeal have These duties extend to law enforcement re- ruled about the authority to have a driver con- lated to motor vehicle operation. R.v. Waterfield duct sobriety tests. Each decision includes an (1963), established guidelines that determine the analysis of common law combined with pro- “existence and extent of police authority “as- vincial traffic laws. form a set of sobriety tests. Based on the driv- sociated with these common law authorities. In R.v. Sundquist (2000), the Saskatchewan er’s poor performance, the officer made a BAT The officer, in this case, was under a lawful Court of Appeal offered their interpretation. demand and then informed the driver of his right common law duty to enforce provisions of the Parliament, if they so desire, could end this de- to counsel. After the BAT tests, the driver was Highway Traffic Act and Criminal Code. The bate by including a Criminal Code amendment charged with both impaired driving and over 80. court ruled that “common law authorizes po- that would authorize sobriety tests. lice officers who detain a person on reasonable Trial suspicion of impaired driving to conduct sobri- Charges The accused was acquitted after the trial ety tests for the purposes of determining if rea- Impaired Driving; Over 80. judge excluded the BAT test results and the sonable and probable grounds exist” for making sobriety test results because of a section 10(b) a breath demand under sec. 254(3) C.C. and Circumstances Charter violation. suspending a driver’s licence under sec. 91 High- A police officer saw a driver fail to stop for way Traffic Act of Saskatchewan. a stop sign and fail to signal a left turn. After the Appeal to Queen’s Bench The next question was whether common officer stopped the car, the driver left his car This court set aside the acquittals and or- law authorizes sobriety tests without inform- and walked to the cruiser. The officer observed dered a new trial, ruling that no sec. 10(b) Char- ing the driver of the sec. 10(b) Charter right to unsteadiness, bloodshot eyes, smelled alcohol ter violation occurred. counsel. The court referred to section 25(b) In- on the driver’s breath, and was told by the driver terpretation Act as justification to specifically that he had consumed five beers during the past Saskatchewan Court of Appeal use common law authority to enforce the HTA three hours. The accused’s appeal to the Sask. C.A. was and to disregard sec. 10(b) Charter for HTA The officer suspected that the driver’s abil- dismissed. The judgement included the follow- enforcement. Additionally, it concluded that the ity to operate a motor vehicle was impaired, but ing explanation: police may disregard sec. 10(b) Charter to en- he was “not sure.” The officer would have made • the sole purpose of the sobriety tests is to force sec. 254(3) C.C. in this case. an ASD demand but he did not have an ASD in determine whether reasonable grounds exist the cruiser. Instead, he “asked” the driver to per- “for taking further action.” Sobriety tests are Summary This court concluded that administering so- briety tests, in the context of the HTA, “play virtually the same role as roadside screening tests” AW NFORCEMENT RAINING UPPLIES conducted on the authority of sec. 254(2) C.C. L E T & S Sobriety tests and roadside screening tests have “a common function and serve similar purposes.” 48 Talbot Street East (Rear) Aylmer, Ontario, N5H 1H4 For this reason: • sobriety tests are authorized at common law, Local 773-9666 Toll Free 1-888-424-4496 Fax (519) 773-8387 • the suspect does not have to be informed of e-mail: [email protected] his right to counsel before administering so- briety tests. • sobriety test results are not admissible to Quality Products Competitive Pricing prove a charge of impaired driving. Instead, they are admissible only to prove the validity Uniforms – Gloves – Footwear – Accessories – Criminal Codes – Flashlights and more of a BAT demand. Exclusive Distributor for Sentinal Paper & The Checkmate Gino Arcaro served 15 years with the Niagara Regional Police Service. Currently, he is a professor Your one-two punch for document security at Niagara College and coordinator of two law enforcement programs there. He has authored six Visit our web site www.lawenforcementsup.com law enforcement textbooks to date. Any questions or call us for December Specials regarding case law can be directed to Gino Arcaro via email to [email protected]

December 2000 38 Blue Line Magazine IMPAIRED DRIVING Forming Reasonable Grounds

THIRD EDITION

GINO ARCARO

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Described as a “Paper Advanced material ideal Tactics for armed encoun- “The ability to deal with Written by the author of This book is a comprehen- The main concepts of Tac- Police College”, this for academy and depart- ters. Positive tactics de- the public in all its forms, The Five Minute Police sive study of Canada’s tics for Criminal Patrol unique and comprehen- mental training programs signed to master real-life moods and temperament Officer, this book is a must drinking driver laws. Ex- states that “vehicle stops sive Canadian text book is and for all law enforce- situations. This book deals with a ‘System’ allows read for anyone looking cellent resource for police are golden opportunities designed to instruct you in ment officers. This very with tactics police officers even experienced officers toward a managerial level officers, prosecutors or for unique field investiga- the workings of the Crimi- real-life book will not only can employ on the street to feel a new confidence.” career. This book has been anyone interested in the tions which ... can lead to nal Code of Canada in a teach you about the “Tac- to effectively use their Give Terry Barker’s “Sys- evaluated by college train- administration of laws to- major felony arrests.” For logical, easy to read fash- tical Edge” it will help keep own firearms to defeat tem” a try, it will prove to ing staff and psychologists ward drinking drivers. officers who want to stop ion. you on it. those of assailants. be a valued tool. around the world. smugglers in transit.

BASIC POLICE PROCEDURES SECOND EDITION The North West Mounted Police Their First Decade Gino Arcaro

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Police officers are seekers This book covers the first William McCormack, a From the author of the The sequel to A Double This book, reviewed in the This book is a comprehen- of truth and facts. This book decade in the history of the former Toronto police Court Jesters series Duty, this book covers the Jan. 2000 issue, responds to sive text that covers the will help officers to inter- North West Mounted Po- chief, relates some of the comes a hilarious collec- 1885 North-West Rebel- the need for a comprehen- most elementary knowl- view people with the ulti- lice, 1873-1883, a decisive city’s most famous mur- tion of real-life tales from lion. The role of the Moun- sive leadership develop- edge that a police officer mate goal being to identify period in the history of der cases. The reader is those who battle crime. ties has been down-played ment model for the educa- must process in order to the guilty party in an ef- Western Canada. The book taken directly into the in- Stupid crooks, cops with a by historians, but this tion and training of police, apprehend, charge and fective manner, consistent examines the beginning of ner circle of each investi- sense of humour, incidents doesn’t do justice to the of- justice and public safety su- gather evidence against the with the requirements of the force and the difficul- gation, where the murder- gone wrong - this book has ficers who battled at Duke pervisors, managers and criminal element in our any tribunal or court. ties it faced. er’s steps are traced. it all. Lake, Loon Lake and more. front line officers. society.

l From legendary Sam Steele l Filled with up-to-date, de- to Nelson Eddy in Rose Marie. tailed news from coast-to-coast, From the Great March West to Blue Line News Week is a must the Musical Ride, the Mountie for all law enforcement agen- shines as an image of strength, cies who want to stay informed. courage and the Canadian way. All 52 weekly issues can be de- A must read for RCMP mem- livered to you by fax or mail. bers of those interested in the force. k Blue Line Magazine has been k This book effectively bridges the officer’s choice for law en- both the theoretical and practi- forcement news, features and cal aspects of police work. It information for more than 10 surveys current research and years. The magazine’s 10 an- policy to examine the structure, $200 Faxed nual issues cover topics includ- 00 operation and issues facing po- OR T ing firearms, private policing, $ 25. B 95 licing in the 1990s and the ap- 00 communications, training, com- Tax Included 28 $24. proaching millennium. 29 $45. $100 Mailed puter technology, and forensics.

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December 2000 40 Blue Line Magazine

Women in policing conference a motivating success by Shelley Ballard-McKinlay Bones, bodies, and modern crime scene identification was the topic of If there was only one word I could choice for Dr. Ernie Walker. From the use to describe Saskatoon’s Women in Univeristy of Saskatchewan’s Depart- Policing Conference, it would have to be ment of Anthropology and Archaeol- “emotional”. From deep belly laughs to ogy, Walker showed slides of three mur- tears and everything in between, the der victims recently found buried on the speakers entertained and motivated. outskirts of Saskatoon and took par- The Saskatoon Police Service and the ticipants through the fascinating stages RCMP were co-hosts of the conference of finding out who the people were. The held in Saskatoon in early October. More photo superimpositions were amaz- than 260 police officers, both male and ingly accurate. female, from 19 police services attended. Walker also has an interesting The conference had two main goals. project on the go. He’s burying dead The first was to provide a networking pigs in human clothing to provide the and mentoring opportunity for women means to research stages of decomposi- in policing to meet others who have tion under a variety of controlled con- shared similar experiences and challenges. ditions. The second was to provide both motiva- Cathy MacMillan, from the biol- tional and operational training sessions REGISTRATION: Deanne Bakker, Lisa Lafreniere, ogy section of the RCMP Forensic Lab in areas of interest to everyone. Mavis Derksen, and Kim Colleaux assist at the desk. in Regina, discussed recent develop- The conference opened with a ments in forensics and DNA analysis. prayer by native elder Maria Linklater. Wel- tigations. Just as officers try to think like crimi- This method of identification is relatively new coming remarks were provided by Carol nals in order to catch them, criminals try to for most officers and she provided many case Fiedelleck, the director of the Saskatoon Cor- think like police in order to avoid capture. examples of how DNA evidence can be col- rectional Center, RCMP Assistant Commis- All police officers know how important it lected. sioner Harper Boucher, and Saskatoon Police is to communicate with each other and Lines One of the most startling facts she pointed Chief Dave Scott. pointed out several cases where criminals have out is that there have been 61 post-conviction Det. Insp. Kate Lines of the Ontario Pro- taken advantage of the fact that police often exonerations in Canada and the U.S. Five of vincial Police Behavioural Sciences Section, pre- aren’t very good at this. these were in Canada. Seven of the 61 inmates sented information on criminal profiling and how Her interview and interrogation strategies were on death row. police can apply the information to their inves- were also interesting and innovative. Sleep advice for all of us shift workers was

December 2000 42 Blue Line Magazine supplied by Dr. David Cotton of the Univer- sity of Saskatchewan. He explained why shift workers often have sleep disorders and how their bodies react to day and night. He also pro- vided delegates with suggestions on what to avoid and strategies on how to cope with the necessity of shift work. George Lafond spoke with authority on “Aboriginal Issues in the 21st Century”. As tribal vice-chief of the Saskatoon Tribal Coun- cil, he has been involved in many joint projects between the council and the Saskatoon Police Service. The overwhelming highlight of the confer- ence was the session titled “In the Line of Fire”, which featured three officers who have been involved in deadly situations and outlined the challenges they faced on the road to recovery. While working for the RCMP in Kitimat, B.C., Cst. Laurie White was shot and ulti- mately lost her leg while execut- ing a search warrant on a sexual assault suspect. Her anger at the suspect and the questions she Laurie White had to face is something all po- lice officers can understand. The excruciating phantom pain, loss of self- esteem and having to learn how to walk and run again were not easy things to deal with. At the end of her presentation, to a standing ovation, White ran down the narrow aisle and performed a cartwheel for the delegates. She is truly an amazing lady. Prince Albert police Cst. Dave Schluff had to use deadly force on a suspect threatening him with a knife. Despite the inquiries and court cases that confirmed he made the right - and only - decision, he still struggles with what happened. Counselling and the love of his fam- ily have helped him to realize that the real choice was not whether to shot someone, but whether to save his own life. Cst. Randy Goss is a man still grieving over the loss of one of his best friends. His long- time K-9 partner Caesar, was shot and killed by a man firing a shotgun near a children’s school yard in Edmonton. Randy expressed his feel- ings of anger and loss over what had happened, as well as his initial resentment towards his new K-9 partner. The amazing part of each officer’s presen- tation was the use of humour to relieve the pain and emotion they were feeling as they told their stories. Each of these incidents is something that any law enforcement officer, in the blink of an eye, could be involved in. I only hope we all have the love and support of family and friends, and the strength and determination to struggle through as these officers did. The conference was made possible through help from more than 130 corporate sponsors. With donated items used for the silent auction and prize draws, more than $2,300 was raised for Cops for Cancer. The conference was a huge success thanks to all the speakers, the participants, and all the time and effort from the organizing com- mittee. Shelley Ballard-McKinlay is a constable with the Saskatoon Police Service.

December 2000 43 Blue Line Magazine The most common missing ingredient by Don Arscott In speaking with them I Less time, better result. learned there was a common in- The formula for learning gredient missing from the FITT your age-predicted heart rate Sounds like a cooking class but no - I’m talk- formula. The missing ingredi- range is to take the number ing about the FITT formula and what I have ent was intensity. 220 and subtract your age. learned is most often missing in a fitness pro- They were very often be- Multiply that figure by 60 per gram. low the 60 per cent of age-pre- cent and you get the low end The FITT formula was developed by David dicted maximum heart rate. of your target zone heart rate N. Chisolm, M.D., and is the recommended They were gaining health ben- in beats per minute. quantity and quality of physical activity to efits, but they were failing to If you multiply the same improve and maintain aerobic fitness. improve their cardiovascular figure by 90 per cent you get Frequency: Three to five times a week. system. the high end of the target Intensity: 60 to 90 per cent of age-predicted One officer, in his early zone in beats per minute. It maximum heart rate. 40’s started a fitness program is always best to consult with Time: 20 to 60 minutes of continuous activity. five years ago. He scored in the your certified fitness consult- Type: Activities which use large muscle groups mid-80’s in his fitness test and ant or a professional fitness and can be done in a continual, rhythmic man- could not understand why he and lifestyle consultant be- ner. This includes brisk walking, running, cy- could not perform better considering the amount fore starting any exercise program. cling, swimming and continuous games. of time he was running. This is the one ingredient that is often miss- As a certified fitness consultant, I have con- When he learned about the age predicted ing from an exercise program. If you’re taking ducted many fitness tests over the last six years. heart rate range he discovered he was working the time to work-out be sure to get the best Many of our officers are committed to spend- well below the age-predicted 60 per cent maxi- results out of your time. ing over five to six hours a week in the gym mum heart rate. doing resistance exercises, as well as working Over a period of six months he increased on their cardiovascular system. his intensity to 85 per cent and dropped his run Articles for this column are supplied by Many of these officers would not perform time from 50 minutes a day five times a week to members of the Police Fitness Personnel of as well as they think they could on the step test 30 minutes a day five times a week. He took Ontario. For more information on the PFPO component of the Ontario Police Fitness Award his last fitness test in November 1999 and contact Peter Shipley at 705 329-7546. Test. scored 97.

December 2000 44 Blue Line Magazine Doing it all, for all by Les Linder being used by the RCMP. Teeple also pointed out that the RCMP works closely with the FBI and other Canadian The RCMP computer crime police forces. lab is the go-to-team with the “In most cases, other police services in the answers for any police country have the cases and we have the techni- force that has the will, cal capacity to solve them,” he said. “We keep yet lacks the means to close relations with various services and work solve a case. with them on their cases.” The responsibilities He added that they also keep good links and capabilities of the with international agencies to deal with things team go beyond just deal- such as denial of service attacks, which can origi- ing with computer hackers and computer fraud nate from any country. cases. “Attacks on confidential material belong- The computer crime lab, which has been ing to corporations, military, government and operating in Ottawa under different names since police are becoming more serious. They are at- 1980, is split up into several divisions all capa- tacking all the time now.” ble of doing investigations and forensics. A high- At the same time, Teeple did not want to tech forensics crime unit is responsible for per- the use of devices such as computers and cell get the issue blown out of proportion and forming analysis of exhibits and providing as- phones. pointed out that there are millions of internet sistance for search and seizure, where a field “However, the bulk of the examinations and users, but only a few can be bothered to learn unit does not have the capability to do so. investigations done on systems pertain to or- how to attack. Paul Teeple, senior technical liaison with ganized crime and drugs.” “It is simply the same few individuals mak- the RCMP, says that the unit also does devel- There are 10 positions in the Ottawa divi- ing repeated attacks.” opment of systems that can analyse large quan- sion, seven of which are uniformed members However, Teeple is convinced the problem tities of computer data. They also include things with expertise in computer science. All mem- is going to grow as the internet does. About 250 such as satellite decoders and gambling machines. bers have training in computer science and ex- computer attacks are investigated each year and “The forensics unit deals with all infrac- perience in analysis of exhibits. The unit also the number of cases investigated between 1999 tions you can think of,” Teeple said. “From has civilian members which are computer sci- to 2000 has already doubled. murder to hackers, they do it all.” entists and mostly do development of tools and “That gives you an indication of how much He said that technology is being used in all work on solving problems that cannot be ad- it is growing,” he said. “But we’ll keep up, that’s types of crime now and they now often involve dressed with the techniques and tools already our job.”

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December 2000 45 Blue Line Magazine The war against the privately owned motorcar by Robert Stevens One of the most difficult phenomena of the in spite of intimidation bordering on harass- past number of years has been the rise of spe- ment in the form of gratuitous municipal park- cial interest citizen power which influences and ing and moving violations. People, it seems, Despite decades of anti-car propaganda and restricts urban traffic patterns to suit the con- cannot be bullied into using public transit, harangue from disgruntled interest groups, mu- venience of a relatively small group of urban The master plan of those many years ago nicipal politicians and planners at every level, property owners whose arterial streets have would have sped traffic in and out of the city our commuting citizens, including police offic- been used by suburban and rural commuters. on high speed corridors instead of being jammed ers, still flock to the motorcar as their first choice Certain traffic patterns, in place since roads were into a tangle of city neighbourhood streets. of transportation. It is time motorists were built, are disrupted with tedious regularity with Obviously, traffic laws and by-laws are shown some respect and their wishes accom- restrictive by-laws forced through local coun- necessary. But, enough is enough. Municipal modated. They deserve to be spared the gaunt- sels by newly empowered citizens, demanding installation of actual physical obstructions to let of regulatory abuse and their contribution to the closure of their neighbourhoods to all but the smooth movement of urban traffic has been our economic prosperity acknowledged. strictly local traffic. Arterial streets are closed dubbed with the ridiculous label of "traffic calm- A question which will have to be resolved off, creating chaos on other streets as a result. ing". These include deliberately installed road at some time in this new millennium is whether obstructions such as steel posts, raised brick or not citizens in a free society will continue to boulevards, speed bumps, randomly placed be allowed the privilege of owning and operat- parking bays and trees, on streets barely 12 ing their own motor vehicles, in any size and metres wide to begin with. number that they feel they can afford. Right Traffic calming combined with municipal now, there are powerful groups in society who by-law signs prohibiting entry to certain streets want to further restrict the use of the private and outlawing left and/or right turns during cer- automobile. tain times of the day, leave motorists in a vir- There are many problems - environmental, tual maze. Vehicle owners travelling about the social and economic - faced by Canadians which city are continually harassed and penalized for can be directly traced to the automobile. How- exercising their privilege of lawfully operating ever, they pale beside a society which bans the and paying for independent transportation. private urban motor vehicle. Still, environmen- In the City of Vancouver, citizen tal and safety issues are being addressed by power has successfully frozen out any both government and industry, and remark- hope of getting fast moving crosstown able strides have been made. controlled-access motorways. This leads The impact of the automobile in the last to daily grid-lock that grows progres- hundred years has been enormous, likely sively worse. more than the introduction of any other sin- Vancouver's normal city population gle man-made method of transportation in- can double or triple with visitors, day workers troduced into our daily lives. The social or motorists coming in from the surrounding impact of car ownership on emerging nations is This problem strikes at the heart of many suburbs. But, at least the founding fathers of staggering. It seems everybody wants to own a fast growing communities across Canada. The Vancouver laid out some respectably direct and car and these nations often lack the road infra- irony is that citizens who oppose commuter wide routes across town, years before left-wing structure to accommodate the thousands of cars traffic in their neighbourhoods, also opposed tree huggers came to power. coming on stream. the building of in-town high speed through ways In addition, the city's borders are fixed by Whole national economies rise or fall on the and by-passes. These individuals seem unable geography, whereas other municipalities, not relative health of their motor vehicle industry. to grasp the fact that more and better express- similarly constrained, have spread like an ink Canada ranks an impressive seventh in the world ways would have removed the necessity for stain across the map, further and further into in the production of cars and trucks. The multi- the traffic to snake through their neighbour- the hinterland. national manufacturing giants generally find this hoods in the first place. The City of Winnipeg has, from my obser- country's domestic and export market for vehi- In Toronto, a powerful, automobile un- vation, one of the finest expressway systems cles to be favourable to them. Canada's political friendly, pro-bicycle lobby has created a traffic anywhere. It is designed more on the style of and economic climate, together with its climate which promotes heavy gridlock. Major the "ring roads" which are popular in large Brit- workforce, is relatively stable and reliable. four-lane downtown arteries have been nar- ish cities. Winnipeg's traffic moves remarkably Thousands of Canadians are employed di- rowed to two traffic lanes for cars and two lanes well and is rarely impeded, even during the worst rectly in the manufacture, exporting, import- for bicycles. winter months, thanks to a quick and respon- ing, sale, leasing servicing and repairing of cars With its calamitous traffic congestion, it is sive snow removal operation. and also indirectly in thousands of supporting a mystery to me how Toronto can possibly Many extraneous restrictions and expenses industries. Many of our communities owe most hope to win its bid for the Olympic Games. Do have been imposed on motor vehicle drivers if not all of their prosperity to vehicle manufac- they expect everyone to arrive by train? Or and owners, through the political process, to turing. The health of these communities is di- bicycle? force them to give up their cars as their primary rectly measured by the health of their manufac- Toronto, and Metropolitan Toronto before source of in-town and commuter travel, but to turing sector. it, has seen its early master plan of express- no avail. In a sentiment by no means exclusive Huge segments of other industries have been ways sabotaged by politically activist neigh- to Canada, Canadians simply prefer to travel lost to foreign lands where labour is cheap. Auto bourhood mobs intent only on preserving their by car. Thank goodness. Our country's pros- manufacturing has been one segment which has narrow interests without a thought to the greater perity, in large measure, depends on the motor remained strong and competitive in Canada, and good of the city, or the populace beyond who vehicle remaining an economically viable mode we have also managed to attract off shore auto work, play and shop in Toronto. The bulk of of transportation, for the public at large, well manufacturing. these citizens and commuters choose to drive, into the foreseeable future.

December 2000 46 Blue Line Magazine