2003 – 2004 wlebis saparlamento arCevnebis genderuli analizi

GENDER OF ELECTIONS

qalTa politikuri resurs centri

2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword

Parliamentary Elections of 1995-1999

Local Government Elections of 1998

Local Government Elections of 2002 Overview Election Day

Women’s Political Activity in Local Government Elections Districts Autonomous Republic of Cities

Women in Party Lists

Electoral Subjects and Women in Local Governance Autonomous Republic of Adjara

Recommendations

This brochure present brief gender oriented description of 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002 and detailed analyze of2003-2004 Parliamentary Elections in . Objective of our survey is to detect women’s representation at various levels of political decision-making.

Foreword

Women’s participation in decision-making has substantially decreased in Post communist Georgia. In Soviet era, 30% of Georgian Government were women – nowadays, backward tendency is manifested by women’s participation at all levels of decision-making: women constitute just 6 % of Georgian Parliament. As governing bodies women, contain 10%. In local governance, only 11% of elected were women. Conducted survey on Georgian political parties show that still there is no genuine political force that will promote women related issues and gender balance in decision- making. It should be mentioned that since 1999 several political parties began to form women’s caucuses: Electoral Bloc “ Industry Will Save Georgia”, Labor Party of Georgia, New Rights, and Socialist Party. But these caucuses mainly focused there attention on charity - distribution. “United Democrats” also carried certain gender- related activities and began collaboration with women’s NGOs. The most recent and better functionally elaborated women’s caucuses are formed within Conservative Party and Republican Party. Both political forces began to elaborate special programs for women and began to create strategy for women’s promotion. On their side neither women’s nongovernmental organizations remained without activities - from the beginning of 1999 by their initiative were formed a number of women’s political network, which tried to have pressure on governmental and political spectre. In 2001- 2003 years women’s political network presented to the parliament four legislative initiatives that mean to increase women’s representation in political area – mostly within party quota system. Unfortunately, all this attempts were completely failed. This brochure present brief gender oriented description of 1995, 1998, 1999 2002, Elections in Georgia and detailed analyse of Parliamentary elections and gender analgize of 2003- 2004 years.

Parliamentary Elections of 1995-1999

The number of women MP-s in the Georgian Parliaments of 1995 and 1999, remained stable – 17.

In Georgian Parliament women MP-s were presented by following Groups and political parties (materials of 1st September 1999):

Groups and Parties Women MP-s Citizens Union of Georgia 11 National Democratic Party 1 People’s Party - “Revival” 1 Georgian Labour Group 2 “Hope” - Socialist Party 1 “” - “Motherland” - Independent 1

As it was mentioned, after elections of November 1999 Women’s representation in the Parliament has not changed. Below is shown how women MP- were put on the parties’ lists:

Name of party I II III IV V VI-VII (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) Citizens Union of Georgia 1 1 1 3 1 3 (#6) (#13) (#20) (#32) (#49) (#61) (#34) (#64) (#39) (#67) Electoral Bloc “Agordzineba ” 1 0 1 0 2 0 (#9) (#27) (#43) (#44) Electoral Bloc “ Industry Will Save 0 1 0 0 Georgia” (#12)

All together, in the newly elected Parliament 15 women MP-s were presented by political parties, 1 was elected as majoritarian. The mandates for representatives of Abkhazia were prolonged, so 1 women MP was automatically elected from the previous Parliament. We also, considered interesting to make gender-revision of the political parties’ lists that had chance to overcome the 7% threshold:

Name of party I II III IV V VI-VII (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) (ten) Labor Party of Georgia 0 1 0 2 1 1 (#16) (#34) (#40) (#69) (#39) National Democratic Party –3rd way 1 0 0 0 1 1 (#1) (#43) (#68) Bloc “People’s Party –Didgori” 1 0 0 0 1 1 (#8) (#42) (#66)

Local Government Elections of 1998

In Local Government Elections of 1998 1526 women were elected, what constitutes 14.2% of all elected members. Among 55 members of Tbilisi “Sakrebulo” 7 were women what is equal to 12.7%. In the regions the picture was following:

Name of Region Elected Women Elected Members % - 125 750 16.6 241 1727 13.9 79 1289 6.1 148 1078 13.7 Samtskhe-Djavakheti 94 964 9.5 329 2294 14.3 Racha-Lechkhumi 109 694 15.7 Samegrelo-Svaneti 212 1615 13.1 93 782 11.8 Adjra 89 918 9.6

It is important to note, that majority women are elected in village “Sakrebulo”-s, as in “Sakrebulo”-s of towns and regional centers women’s representation is minimal. Women’s Political Activity in Local Government Elections

In 2002 Local government elections run for office 13293 candidates, out of them – 1538 were women. Elected were only 674 women. According districts the picture is following:

Distr Name of District Women Elected Elected % N Candidates Women Members 11 Sagaredjo 37 12 108 11.1 12 Gurdjani 42 15 117 12.8 13 27 7 70 10 14 Dedoplis tskaro 30 12 60 20 15 34 18 79 22.8 16 27 7 59 11.9 17 45 13 84 15.5 18 34 8 77 10.4 19 Tianeti 22 14 60 23.3 20 14 0 15 0 21 31 7 131 5.3 22 5 1 108 0.9 23 9 2 78 2.6 24 7 6 80 7.5 25 11 12 150 8 26 Tetritskaro 26 14 100 14 27 Mtskheta 37 8 86 9.3 28 63 15 87 17.2 29 Kazbegi 15 4 30 13.3 30 21 12 89 13.5 31 5 4 40 10 32 Gori 44 16 143 11.2 33 Kareli 20 8 99 8 35 36 11 70 15.7 36 26 10 60 16.7 37 Akhatsikhe 38 7 84 8.3 38 27 9 125 7.2 39 17 3 60 5 40 Akhalqalaqi 13 5 112 4.5 41 6 2 50 4 43 Oni 13 13 90 14.4 44 23 12 95 12.6 45 12 7 80 8.8 46 19 10 40 25 47 Mestiia 27 14 80 17.5 48 42 20 99 20.2 49 Terdjola 25 3 95 3.2 50 12 11 67 16.4 51 30 11 99 11.1 52 Bagdati 26 9 65 13.8 53 38 9 100 9 54 35 11 79 13.9 55 30 10 62 16.1 56 47 9 84 10.7 57 21 7 54 13 58 Tskaltubo 37 14 89 15.7 59 15 0 15 0 60 66 24 149 16.1 61 33 9 61 14.8 62 37 14 115 12.2 63 19 8 82 9.8 64 53 19 79 24.1 65 21 13 105 12.4 66 23 13 105 12.4 67 32 15 159 9.4 68 28 9 74 12.2 69 Chkhorotsku 24 10 65 15.4 70 10 1 15 6.6 75 6 2 24 8.3 79 4 4 35 11.4 80 5 3 19 15.8 81 Kobuleti (Distr.) 39 35 244 14.3 82 35 31 208 14.9 83 Keda 15 9 94 9.6 84 6 5 106 4.7 85 16 13 148 8.8

According to this table recently elected women’s representation in Local governance - “Sakrebulo”-s is an average at 11.8%, which is an decrease in comparison with previous Local government elections –2.4% (in 1998- only 14.2% of women were elected in “Sakrebulo”-s). The reason for this change must be the consternation of power and increase of violence in electoral process. As it was above-mentioned Local Government Elections in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara were held on 16 June 2002. It should be underlined that in Adjara, the elections were the least transparent and it was difficult to collect information about the election process. Average women’s representation in Adjara regional “Sakrebulo”-s is 8.8%. Analyses of statistics showed evident distinction among different regions, the highest indices of women representation is manifested in Lentekhi region- 25%, and the lowest in Marneuli region – 0,9%.

Parliamentary elections of 2003 – 2004 The world watched over the Parliamentary elections of 2003 in Georgia with grate interest and gave a significance meaning to it, as a definition in formation of society and in development of democracy. Unfortunantly, the previous government had resorted to unconstitutional act and to the main part of citizens gave no chance to make its own political choice – the government couldn’t guarantied

- mTavrobam ver uzrunvelyo 2003 wlis 2 noembris saparlamento arCevnebis samarTlianad Catareba da administrireba. igi ara mxolod organizaciulad uunaro aRmoCnda, aramed winaswar gamiznul gayalbebebs mimarTa: amomrCevelTa arasruli siebi, proceduruli darRvevebi, saarCevno yuTebSi yalbi biuletenebis Cayra, amomrCevlis iZuleba da mravali sxv. More then 400 international organizations were observing Parliamentary Elections, it must be said that in paralell counting results they have numerrous differences with Central Election Comission results. moqalaqeTaTvis politikuri uflebaTa ugulvelyofam didi saprotesto talRa warmoSva qveyanaSi, romelic uprecedento politikur krizisSi gadaizarda. prezidenti da mTavroba gadadga – dainiSna xelaxali saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebi, Tumca ganmeorebiTi arCevnebi mxolod proporciul arCevnebs Seexo – gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo 2003 wlis 2 noembris maJoritaruli wesiT Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegebi ZalaSi darCa.

Despite of that Parliamentary Elections of 2003 were froud our objective was to make gender – revize of Political Party lists and Majoritarian candidates that participated in this Elections, to detect women’s representation at level of political decision -making In Parliamentary elections out of Political Parties participated following Parties and Election Blocks

1. Block “For New Georgia” - (#1) 2. “Democratic revival union” - (#2) 3. Block “Industry Will Save Georgia”– (#3) 4. Labour Party of Georgia – (#4) 5. Block “Saakashvili - National Movement” – (#5) 6. “United Communist Party of Georgia” - #6 7. Block “Burdjanadze – Democrats – (#7) 8. Georgian National State Political Union “Mdzleveli” - #8 9. “United Georgia” - #9 10. Block “Nongovernmental bloc Samshoblo”- (#11) 11. Block “New Rights” – (#12) 12. Block Jumber Patiashvili - Political Union “Ertoba” – (#13) 13. “Motherland” - (#14) 14. Block “National compliance – Iberia Will Shine” - (#15) 15. Party for the Protection of Constitutional Rights - #16 16. Party of Industrial and Economical Revival (party of Industrials) – (#17) 17. Block “Peaceful Caucasuss” – (#18) 18 .People’s capitalizm. Party – (#19) 19. Georgian Peoples’ Alliance – (#20) 20. Political Union “Women’s Defense Union” – (#21) 21. Advocates of Georgia – (#22)

Women in party lists in parliamentary elections of 2003 November 2

In Parliamentary Elections of 2003 women were put on the parties’ lists (we examined first sixth dozens) in following way:

Name of party I II III IV V VI (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) Block “For New Georgia” - #1 2 2 1 0 3 0) (#4) (#13) (#27) (#45) (#6) (#19) (#47) (#49) “Democratic revival union” - #2 1 1 0 1 0 2 (#8) (#10) (#32) (#50) (#53) Block “ Industry Will Save 0 0 1 0 1 3 Georgia” #3 (#29) (#47) (#53) #58) (#59) Labour’s Party of Georgia - # 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 (#15) (#22) (#34) (#46) (#52)

Block “Saakashvili - National 1 0 0 0 1 0 Movement”- #5 (#2) (#43)

“United Communist Party of 0 1 2 3 3 0 Georgia” - #6 (#14) (#25) (#34) (#41) (#19) (#26) (#36) (#42) (#37) (#47) Block “Burdjanadze – 1 1 3 1 1 2 Democrats - #7 (#1) (#10) (#23) (#33) (#47) (#55) (#25) (#58) (#26) Georgian National State 2 1 5 3 4 3 Political Union “Mdzleveli” - (#5) (#10) (#22) (#34) (#42) (#56) #8 (#7) (#23) (#35) (#43) #57) (#24) (#37) (#44) (#59) (#26) (#45) (#27) (#46) (#47) “United Georgia” - #9 3 0 2 2 1 0 (#5) (#27) (#34) (#43) (#7) (#28) (#36) (#9) Block “Nongovernmental bloc 1 2 3 2 5 6 Samshoblo” - #11 (#9) (#11) (#20) (#34) (#41) (#50) (#19) (#23) (#37) (#43) #51) (#29) (#45) (#52) (#46) (#53) (#49) (#56) (#59) Block “New Rights” - #12 2 1 1 0 3 2 (#3) (#11) (#28) (#42) (#55) (#5) (#43) #57) (#44) Block “Jumber Patiashvili – 1 1 2 0 1 1 political Union “Ertoba” - #13 (#6) (#15) (#20) (#42) (#52) (#24) D 1 4 5 1 1 3 (#6) (#15) (#22) (#39) (#47) (#54) (#55) ”Motherland”- #14 (#16) (#23) (#17) #25) (#56) (#18) (#26) (#27) Block “National compliance – 1 1 1 0 3 0 Iberia Will Shine” - (#15) (#2) (#11) (#24) (#40) (#42) (#43) Party for the Protection of 1 3 0 3 3 1 Constitutional Rights - #16 (#3) (#14) (#30) (#43) (#58) (#16) (#37) (#44) (#17) (#38) (#48) Party of Industrial and 3 2 2 4 3 5 Economical Revival - #17 (#2) (#10) (#20) (#31) (#41) (#53) (#6) (#12) (#26) #32) (#42) (#54) (#9) (#33) (#44) (#56) (#36) (#57) (#58) Block “Peaceful Caucasus” - 2 1 3 4 1 3 #18 (#3) (#18) (#27) (#33) (#46) #52) (#6) (#28) (#37) (#55) (#29) (#59) People’s capitalizm. Party 1 0 3 5 4 9 - #19 (#3) (#24) (#30) (#41) (#50) (#25) #31) (#44) #51) (#26) (#33) (#45) (#52) (#34) (#46) (#53) (#38) (#54) (#56) (#57) (#58) (#59) Georgian Peoples’ Alliance - 3 0 3 0 4 9 #20 (#3) (#20) (#42) (#50) (#5) (#23) (#43) #51) (#8) (#29) (#44) (#52) (#49) (#53) (#54) (#55) (#56) (#58) (#59) Political Union “Women’s 7 6 7 6 8 8 Protection Union” #21 (#1) (#12) (#20) (#33) (#40) (#50) (#2) (#13) (#21) (#34) (#42) #51) (#3) (#15) (#22) (#35) (#43) (#52) (#5) (#16) (#24) (#36) (#45) (#53) (#6) (#18) (#25) (#38) (#46) (#54) (#8) (#19) (#27) (#39) (#47) (#56) (#9) (#28) (#48) (#57) (#49) (#59) 3 2 3 4 3 7 “Advocates of Georgia” - #22 (#4) (#16) (#22) (#32) (#40) (#50) (#5) (#19) (#26) (#33) (#46) (#51) (#8) (#28) (#36) (#47) (#52) (#38) (#53) (#55) (#57) (#59) PPercentage 15.7 13.8 22.9 19 21 31

Increased number of women representation in first dozen may be explaind by the participation of Political Union” Women’s Protection Union” as the lists are complicated mostly of women. Women in Majoritarian Elections In Parliamentary elections of 2003 run for office 456 majoritarian candidates, out of them – 65 were women. Only three of them were elected - in Kutaisi, Kvareli and in Bolnisi districts

Distric Name of Presented Presented women Sex of voted t # district candidates candidates candidates 1 Mtatsminda 12 2 Male 2 Vake 7 3 Male 3 Saburtalo 9 1 Male 4 Krtsanisi 8 1 Male 5 Isani 10 0 Male 6 Samgori 8 2 Male 7 Chugureti 9 0 Male 8 Didube 15 3 Male 9 Nadzaladevi 10 2 Male 10 Gldani 9 1 Male 11 Sagaredjo 5 1 Male 12 Gurdjaani 11 1 Male 13 Signagi 4 1 Male 14 Dedoplis 5 0 Male Tskaro 15 Lagodekhi 8 1 Male 16 Kvareli 6 3 Female 17 Telavi 10 1 Male 18 Akhmeta 6 1 Male 19 Tianeti 6 0 Male 20 Rustavi 8 2 Male 21 Gardabani 2 0 Male 22 Marneuli 5 0 Male 23 Bolnisi 4 1 Female 24 Dmanisi 4 0 Male 25 Tsalka 8 2 Male 26 Tetritskaro 3 0 Male 27 Mtskheta 5 1 Male 28 Dusheti 5 2 Male 29 Kazbegi 6 1 Male 30 Kaspi 4 0 Male 31 Akhalgori 4 1 Male 32 Gori 7 0 Male 33 Qareli 7 0 Male 35 Khashuri 5 0 Male 36 Bordjomi 6 1 Male 37 Akhalqalaqi 7 1 Male 38 Adigeni 3 0 Male 39 Aspindza 9 0 Male 40 Akhalqalaqi 6 0 Male 41 Ninotsminda 2 0 Male 43 Oni 5 1 Male 44 Ambrolauri 3 0 Male 45 Tsageri 2 0 Male 46 Lentekhi 1 0 Male 47 4 0 Male 48 Kharagauli 6 0 Male 49 Terdjola 4 0 Male 50 Sachkhere 8 0 Male 51 Zestaponi 12 0 Male 52 Bagdadi 5 0 Male 53 Vani 5 0 Male 54 Samtredia 5 1 Male 55 Khoni 8 0 Male 56 Chiatura 12 1 Male 57 Tkibuli 2 0 Male 58 Tskaltubo 4 0 Male 59 kutaisi 10 3 Female 60 Ozurgeti 5 0 Male 61 Lanchkhuti 6 0 Male 62 Chokhatauri 1 0 Male 63 Abasha 6 0 Male 64 Senaki 6 1 Male 65 Martvili 7 0 Male 66 Khobi 6 1 Male 67 Zugdidi 8 1 Male 68 Tsalendjikha 3 0 Male 69 Chkhorotsku 4 1 Male 70 Poti 11 1 Male 79 Batumi 6 0 Male 80 Keda 3 0 Male 81 Kobuleti 8 2 Male 82 Shuakhevi 3 0 Male 83 Ckhelvachaui 5 2 Male 84 Khulo 3 2 Male 85 LLiakhvi 11 1 Male Total 456 54 74 Male / 3 Female

According of this table from totally presented majoritarian candidates 11.8% are women, and only 3,9% are elected. Female and male candidates were given different chances – women win in 5.6%, then men have numerical superiority -18.4%.

Electoral Subjects and Women Majoritarian Candidates

The data below shows, which Electoral subjects presented women majoritarian candidates in various districts. Besides, the districts and parties that didn’t presented women majoritarian candidates at all are not bring in data. N 99 - denotes Initiative group.

District # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 Mtasminda 1 1 Vake 1 1 1 Saburtalo 1 Krtsanisi 1 Samgori 1 1 Didube 1 1 1 Nadzaladevi 1 1 Gldani 1 Sagaredjo 1 Gurdjaani 1 Sighnagi 1 Lagodexi 1 kvareli 2 1 Telavi 1 Akhmeta 1 Rustavi 1 1 Bolnisi 1 Tsalka 1 1 Mtskheta 1 Dusheti 1 1 Kazbegi 1 Akhalgori 1 Bordjomi 1 1 Oni 1 Samtredia 1 Chiatura 1 Kutaisi 1 1 1 Senaki 1 Khobi 1 Zugdidi 1 Chkhorotsku 1 Poti 1 Kobuleti 1 1 Ckhelvachaui 1 1 Khulo 1 1 Liakhvi 1 Total 8 3 1 2 5 3 2 3 11 1 1 4 5 1 1 1 1 1

Analysis of materials emphasizes electoral subjects that presented majority of women majoritarian candidates: 1. Georgian National State Political Union “Mdzleveli” (11 candidates), 2.Initiative Group (8 candidates), third place –Labor Party, and Electoral Block Jumber Patiashvili – Political Union “Ertoba”. Three Majoritarian Candidates presented by Electoral Subjects were voted in Parliamentary Elections: In Kutaisi candidate of Electoral Block of “Burjanadze – Democrats”, in Kvareli –Initiative group, and in Bolnisi – National – Democrats.

28 March Parliamentary Elections of 2004

In 28 March Parliamentary Elections of 2004 participated sixteen political unions :

1. “Socialist Party of Georgia” –(#1) 2. “Democratic Revival Union- (#2) 3. Election Block “Right Opposition, Industrialists, Novas “-(#3) 4. Labor’s Party of Georgia- (#4) 5. National Movement - Democrats”– (#5) 6. Election Block”NDP – Traditionalists”- (#7) 7. National – State Union of Georgia “Mdzleveli”- (#8) 8. “Nationalists” – (#10) 9. Election Block “Samshoblo”(Motherland) - (#11) 10. Election Block “National Revival”- (#12) 11. Election Block” Jumber Patiashvili – Political Union (ertoba)” Unity - (#13) 12. Party of Democratic Truth – (#14) 13. Party of National Ideology of Georgia – (#15) 14. Party “ Nodar Natadze –Peoples Front - (#16) 15. Political Movement”Tavisupleba” (Freedom) - (#18) 16. Georgian Peoples’ Alliance – (#20)

On 26- 27 March Central Election Comission canceled three political Union - United Communist Party of Georgia , Party of Protection of Constitutional Rights and “Samartlianoba “ (Justice) from registration on their own applications. Though, the brief period, for preparation of Elections local and international observers characterize 28th March Parliamentary Elections in compare with Parliamentary Elections of 2003 and Presidential Elections of 2004 even more progressive.

In compare with Parliamentary Elections of 2003, government made apparent of political will to conduct democratic Parliamentary Elections on 28th March of 2004. Though, to undergo criticism are Adjarian Electoral administrators for non - performence of obligations that are necessary to conduct democratic and fairy elections. The Elections were fraud in two districts of Adjara – in Kobuleti and in Khulo where on on 18th April was appointed repeated parliamentary elections, but the political crisis between central and regional authorities destroyed this plan.

amomrCevelTa siebis formirebis, amomrCevelTa informirebis, sakanonmdeblo bazis, saarCevno administraciebis, gansakuTrebiT centraluri saarCevno komisiis saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT SeiniSneboda progresi. Tumca, saarCevno administraciebTan mimarTebaSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom administraciebSi arsebuli politikuri disbalansi, aseve, saarCevno administraciis zogierTi wevris mikerZoebuloba xels uSlida sarCevno procedurebis samarTlianad ganxorcielebas. am mxriv sasurvelia gaumjobeseba momavalSi.

Parliamentary Elections of 28th March approached Georgia to the international standarts, though it is nesessery to mention that from the view of Gender the picture is the same.

Women in Party lists in Parliamentary Elections on 28th March of 2004

On 28th March Parliamentary Elections of 2004 in political parties electoral lists women were put on the parties’ lists (we examined first sixth dozens) in following way:

Name of Party I II III IV V VI (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (Ten) (ten) “Socialist Party of Georgia” - #1 1 1 0 1 5 6 (#9) (#19) (#35) (#40) (#50) (#43) (#51) (#45) (#53) (#47) (#55) (#48) (#57) (#58) “Democratic Revival Union- #2 2 1 1 3 0 0 (#3) (#17) (#29) (#30) (#8) (#33) (#34) Election Block “Right Opposition, 2 1 1 0 2 3 Industrialists, Novas “- #3 (#4) (#14) (#27) (#41) (#51) (#9) (#49) #55) (#59)

Labor’s Party of Georgia- #4 1 1 0 2 2 3 (#7) (#15) (#34) (#44) (#53) (#37) (#46) (#56) (#58) National Movement - Democrats”- 2 1 1 0 3 0 #5 (#1) (#17) (#21) (#42) (#5) (#45) (#48)

United Communist Party of (The registration has been cancelled, on own Georgia -- #6 application) Election Block”NDP – 1 1 0 1 3 4 Traditionalists”- #7 (#4) (#15) (#37) (#40) (#51) (#41) (#53) (#48) (#57) (#58) National – State Union of Georgia 2 0 4 3 5 4 “Mdzleveli”#8 (#5) (#21) (#32) (#40) (#52) (#7) (#22) (#33) (#41) #53) (#24) (#35) (#42) (#55) (#25) (#43) (#56) (#44) Party of Protection of (The registration has been cancelled, on own Constitutional Rights- #9 application) “Nationalists” - #10 0 0 2 4 2 7 (#22) (#33) (#45) (#50) (#23) (#34) (#48) (#51) (#24) (#36) (#52) (#38) (#53) (#54) (#55) (#57) Election Block 1 2 1 3 6 5 “Samshoblo”(Motherland) - #11 (#9) (#12) (#20)) (#31) (#40) (#50) (#13) ((#32) (#41) (#52) (#35) (#43) (#55) (#44) (#56) (#46) (#58) (#48) Election Block” National Revival ” 2 3 2 5 3 2 - #12 (#3) (#15) (#21) (#31) (#42) (#50) (#7) (#16) (#25) (#32) (#45) #51) (#17) (#33) (#47) (#56) (#35) (#57) (#36) (#59) Election Block” Jumber 0 2 1 3 1 1 Patiashvili – Political Union (#10) (#23) (#30) (#40) (#59) (ertoba)” Unity- #13 (#14) (#35) (#36) Party of Democratic Truth- #14 3 2 5 8 2 4 (#4) (#18) (#20) (#30) (#44) (#52) (#5) (#19) (#22) (#32) (#49) (#54) (#9) #23) (#34) (#55) (#25) (#35) (#58) (#28) (#36 ) (#37) (#38) (#39) Party of National Ideology of 2 3 5 5 4 8 Georgia - #15 (#5) (#14) (#22) (#31) (#41) (#51) (#6) (#15) (#23) (#32) (#44) (#52) (#19) (#24) (#33) (#46) (#53) (#27) (#34) (#47) (#54) (#28) (#38) (#56) (#57) (#58) (#59) Party “ Nodar Natadze –Peoples 1 2 1 0 1 1 Front #16 (#6) (#14) (#23) (#46) (#59) (#15) “Samartlianoba “ Justice- #17 (The registration has been cancelled, on own application) Political Movement ”Tavisupleba” 1 1 0 1 2 2 (Freedom) - #18 (#7) (#17) (#31) (#45) #57) (#48) (#58) Georgian Peoples’ Alliance- #20 0 1 1 3 0 0 (#11) (#21) (#31) (#33) (#34) Percentage 13.1 13.8 17.5 21.9 18.1 23.8

Results In Proportional Parliamentary Elections of 2004, only two political subjects overcame the 7% threshold: “National Movement – Democrats” – 67.o2%, and Election Block “Right Opposition, Industrialists, Novas “- 7.62%. According percentage “National Movement – Democrats” get 135 mandates out of them 15 are women, and “Right Opposition, Industrialists, Novas” they have 15 seats three of them are women. As it was mentioned above in Majoritarian Elections were elected 77 candidates and only three women were voted as Majoritarians. From 1995 Abkhazian deputation had automatically prolonged mandates, but Parliament of 2004 had abolished their seats, so 11 seats in parliament are nullification. As a result now in parliament are 277 MP’s and out of them 21 are women MP’s that is 9.3%. It is nessesry to mention that in compare with previos Parliament this indices is forword.Women’s representation in Parliament increased on 3%.

Recommendations

 To take into consideration broad range of temporary special measures including quotas in the areas of political participation, recommended in 1999 by the Committee of Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in provisions 29, 34, 35.  To ensure gender balance and equality on referenda and different levels of election administration; to rise women’s participation in monitoring of election administration.  To ensure creation of women’s caucuses in parties and adaptation of quotas for electable positions into their lists of candidates.  To ensure rise of women’s political awareness; to elaborate Government programs for women’s political education and leadership training.