Apublic Theology of Relationships
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A PUBLIC THEOLOGY OF RELATIONSHIPS REFLECTIONS FROM THE MOTHERS ’ UNION IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND AND POLYNESIA Eleanor Ruth Sanderson December 2012 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree Masters of Theology, Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Otago. 0 ABSTRACT Following feminist critiques and challenges to the distinctive and discourse within the genre of public theology, this research further explores possibilities in feminist public theologies. By engaging with the work of Luce Irigaray and acknowledging the relational paradigm shift that her philosophy effects, this research explores a public theology of relationships. This exploration takes place within a corporate theological reflection with members of the Mothers’ Union in the Three Tikanga Anglican Church of Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia. The Mothers’ Union World Wide vision seeks to see a world where God’s love is shown through loving, respectful and flourishing relationships. Exploring the public significance of divine and human relationships in this context challenges prior delineations and gendering of the private and public realm. Furthermore, the culturally distinct articulations of that which is loving, respectful and flourishing, illustrates the critical potential of prioritising relational language and culture within public discourse. This research raises the possibilities that ensue from considering public theologies of relationships for speaking of and within a public theology of love. Such a theology would be cognisant of the critical relational inter-subjectivity of love, following Luce Irigaray. The possibility of a public theology of relationships and the theological cultivation of loving thought are critically evaluated as potential gifts which public theology might offer to the broader public. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I wish to acknowledge with gratitude the women who participated in this research, sharing themselves, their lives, their energy and their wisdom. I am very thankful for this opportunity to begin a journey together: Kia ora; Malo Au’pito; Thank you. I would like to thank Professor Andrew Bradstock and Professor Elaine Wainwright for their astute guidance, reflections and invaluable support during the production of this thesis. I am also thankful for the friendship, support and encouragements given by Revd Sue Burns, Archdeacon Tony Gerritson, Bishop Jim White, Revd Dr Helen-Anne Hartley, Dr Jenny Plane Te Paa, Dr Moeawa Callaghan and Commissioner Gail Thompson during my time resident at the College of St John the Evangelist where this thesis was produced. I would also particularly like to acknowledge Revd Dr Rangi Nicholson in providing encouragement and guidance in my approach to this research topic. I am also particularly thankful for the support and encouragement of Archbishops David Moxon and Winston Hallapua. I particularly wish to express my sincere thanks to Revd Jacky Sewell for her enthusiasm and collegiality alongside her generous gift of proof-reading. And to those who share significant private conversations and prayers that facilitate public speech, I sincerely thank Angela Watson, Penelope Bull, the P.W.G. group, and my family. 2 CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1 Introduction: ............................................................................................................. 8 Weaving Together the Personal and the Public ........................................................................ 8 1.1 Embodying Public Theology ............................................................................................. 8 1.2 Introducing the Wider Context of this Research ........................................................... 14 1.2.1 The Political Necessity of Public Theology .............................................................. 15 1.2.2 A Relational Culture ................................................................................................ 19 1.2.3 The Mothers’ Union in the Three Tikanga Anglican Church of Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia. .................................................................................................... 21 1.3 Articulating a Public Theology of Relationships ............................................................. 22 Chapter 2: Public and Theological Relationships ..................................................................... 25 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Called into Relationship ................................................................................................. 26 2.3 Being in Relationship...................................................................................................... 35 2.3.1 Relational Politics and Poetics ................................................................................ 37 2.3.2 A Spiritual and Divine Task ...................................................................................... 42 2.3.3 The Possibility of a Public Theology after Luce Irigaray.......................................... 45 2.4 A Specific Relational Context ........................................................................................ 47 3 2.4.1 Liberating Divine Relationships............................................................................... 48 2.4.2 Te Pouhere: The Birth of a Three Tikanga Church .................................................. 52 2.4.3 The Mothers’ Union in the Anglican Church of Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia .......................................................................................................................... 56 2.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 3: A Relational Research Process ............................................................................... 61 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 61 3.2 Constructing Public Theologies: Theological Reflection by Whom and for Whom? ..... 62 3.3 Living and Loving Research Relationships ..................................................................... 67 3.4 Reflecting Theologically within the Mothers’ Union in the Anglican Church of Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia ................................................................................................. 70 3.4.1 An Emerging Methodology through Relational Encounters ................................... 70 3.4.2 Tikanga Pakeha ....................................................................................................... 75 3.4.3 Tikanga Pacifica ....................................................................................................... 78 3.4.4 Tikanga Maori ......................................................................................................... 80 3.4.5 Sharing our Stories and Reflections Together ........................................................ 83 3.5 The Emerging Strands of a Public Theology of Relationships ........................................ 84 Chapter 4: Relational Reflections ............................................................................................ 87 4.1 Theological Reflections within Tikanga Pakeha ............................................................. 87 4.1.1 Family in Many Forms ............................................................................................. 88 4.1.2 A Relational God ..................................................................................................... 91 4 4.1.3 The Public Reality of Private Relationships: The Public Theology of a Family in Many Forms ..................................................................................................................... 93 4.2 Theological Reflections within Tikanga Maori ............................................................... 97 4.2.1 Receiving a Gift from Previous Generations ........................................................... 98 4.2.2 A God Working in and through Culturally-Distinct Relationships ........................ 100 4.2.3 The Banqueting Table: A Metaphor for Public Theology ..................................... 103 4.3 Theological Reflections within Tikanga Pacifica .......................................................... 106 4.3.1 A Home in the Abode of Love ............................................................................... 107 4.3.2 Relationships Reflecting the Heart of God ........................................................... 109 4.3.3 A Garland of Praise: A Gift and Expression of a Public Theology ......................... 112 4.4 Banquets of Joy Among Prodigal Families ................................................................... 115 Chapter 5: ............................................................................................................................... 117 Towards a Public Theology of Relationships ......................................................................... 117 5.1 Introduction: Responding to the Invitation into Strategic Theo-Political