DOCSLIB.ORG

HONDURAS Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HONDURAS Public Disclosure Authorized RETURN TO RESTRICTED REPORTS DESK -21a W¡THtN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ReportNo. PA-a WI¡THINNL Ln OrNE WEEEK Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affilioted organizations. They do not accept responsibllity for ¡ts accurocy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT HONDURAS Public Disclosure Authorized December 16, 1969 Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture Projects Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$ 1 = Lempiras 2 Lempira1 = Us$o.50 Lempiras1,000 = US$ 500 Lempiras 1,000,000 = Us$ 500,000 WEIDHTS AND MEASURES Metric System 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pounds 1,000 kg = 2,200 pounds 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres 1 square kilometer(km2) = 100 ha = 0.39 square mile = 247.11acres 1 liter = 0.26 gallon 1,000 millimeters = 39.37 inches GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS GNP = Gross National Product IDB = Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank NÇDB = National DevelopmentBank PB = ParticipatingBank HOND~0AS LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTPROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ... ................................. ii I. INTRODUCTION . .................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND ........... ............................ 1 A. General ........ ........................... 1 B. The Livestock Sub-sector .................... 3 C. Animal Uealth . ............................. 5 D. Agricultural Services ..... .................. 5 E. Agricultural Credit ...... ................... 6 F. Government Policies on Livestock Development 7 Gr Land Tenure ............................... 7 III. THE PROJECT . .................................... 8 A. Description ..................... 8 B. Project Area ................................ 9 C. Cost Estimates ....... ....................... 9 D. Proposed Financing ................. .......... 10 E. Procurement ....... .......................... 11 F. Disbursements .................................. 12 G. Auditing .. ................................. 12 H. Organization and Management.. 12 Project Administration .................... 12 Technical Services ..... ................... 13 I. Lending Operations ...... .................... 13 Policies .................................. 13 Terms and Conditions ................. 13 IV. MARKETS, PRICES AND PRODUCERS' BENEFITS .......... 14 Markets ........ ........................... 14 Prices ..............................*.............. 15 Producer Benefits ...... ................... 16 V. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION ..... .................. 16 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS..... 17 This report vas prepared by Messrs. F. Knobel, D. Argyle, A. Otten (IDA), and F. Thomas (Consultant), with Mr. Knobel having primary responsibility. ANNEXES 1. Composition of Exports 2. Organization Chart - Ministry of Natural Resources 3. The Banking System, pp 1-4 Table 1 - Loan Portfolio by Sector of the Banking System Table 2 - Amount and Per Cent of Agricultural Credit by Kind of Lending Institution Table 3 - Summary of Financial Account, Central Bank Table 4 - Consolidated Balance Sheet of Principal Banking Institutions 4. Model 1 - Developmentof Beef Breeding/FatteningRanch, 400 ha Table 1 - On-Ranch InvestmentCost Projections Table 2 - Herd DevelopmentProjections Table 3 - Projection of Sales and Operating Expenses Table 4 - Financial Projection 5. Model 2 - Developmentof Dairy-Steer Fattening Ranch, 150 ha Table 1 - On-Ranch InvestmentCost Projectiona Table 2 - Herd DevelopmentProjections Table 3 - Projection of Sales and OperatingExpenses Table 4 - Financial Projection b. Model 3 - Development of Beef Breeding Ranch, 1,500 ha Table 1 - On-Ranch InvestmentCost Projections Table 2 - Herd DevelopmentProjections Table 3 - Projectionof Sales and Operating Expenses Table 4 - Financial Projection 7. Project Costs and Foreign Exchange Component 8. Technical Services Budget 9. Phasing of Project Investments 10. Project OrganizationChart 11. Duties, Responsibilitiesand Authoritiesof Project Director 12. Projected Sources and Application of Funds - Central Bank Livestock Account 13. Projected Sources and Application of Funds - Participating Banks 14. Cattle Population - Supply and Demand Projections 15. Financial Rate of Return of Ranch Models 16. Economie Rate of Return MAP - Project Areas HONDURAS LIVESTOCKDEVELOPMENT PROJECT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS i. This report appraises a livestock developmentproject in Honduras. This would be the first Loan/Creditmade by the Bank Group to Honduras in the agriculturalsector. It would also be the country's first project in the agricultural-livestocksector that vould provide long-termprivate commercial bank loans to ranchers on terms and conditions appropriatefor the develop- ment of their ranches. The banks vould make a sizeable contributionto the Project in the form of capital for ranch investmentsand operating capital, plus technical and administrativeservices. ii. The principal objectives of the Project are to assist Honduras in its national agriculturepolicy to raise its extremely low level (3.7 kg per capita, 1967) of beef consumptionand to assist in its diversificationof agriculturewith particular emphasis on production for exports. Today, its principal export earnings are from bananas, followed in much lesser amounts by coffee, timber and cotton. iii. The objectiveof the Project vould be achieved by financing the developmentof approximately135 beef ranches and dairy farma. Investment inputs, expert technical services and good management would increase na- tional livestockproduction by about 15% as compared with pre-project con- ditions. iv. The Project would be country-wide,but vould be carried out prin- cipally in the North Atlantic zone vhich has the greatest concentration of suitable ranches and most favorableresources for development. V. The coordinationof Project policies would be by a Project Comnis- sion representingthe various institutionsconcerned with livestock develop- ment in Honduras. The management and execution of the Project vould be under a Project Director, assisted by livestock techniciansemployed by participatingbanks but seconded to his office for purposes related to the Project. vi. Total Project cost, estimated at US$5.2 míllion, would be financed approximately as follows: Amount Percent (US$m) IDA Credit 2.6 50 Comercial Banks 1.8 35 Ranchers 0.8 15 5.2 100 - ii - The estimated foreign exchange component is US$1.1 millíon. This repre- sents about 20% of total Project cost and 40% of the Credit. vii. Goods required for the Project vould be obtained through exist- ing comercial channels in Honduras. Several retail sources are available and active competition exists to assure an adequate supply as vell as satis- factory servicing. Input items such as agricultural machinery and equip- ment, vire fencing, and veterinary supplies are imported from United States, Japan, Western European countries and are distributed through local fran- chised dealers. Disbursements from the Credit for ranch development would be a percentage (75%) of ranch development loans disbursed by participating banks. Such loans, based on ranch development plana approved by the Project Director, vould be granted by the banks at 9% interest for terms of 8-12 years including grace periods of 3-5 years. viii. The rate of return to the economy vould be about 18%. Partic- ipating ranchers would earn about 16% to 21% on their incrementalinvest- ments under the Project. Substantialincreased net earnings vould begin around Year-10 when full ranch development would be achieved. ix. The Project i8 suitable for an IDA credit of US$2.6 million. The Governmentvould on-lend about US$2.4 million of these funds to the Central Bank for channeling to private commercialbanks and a private finance company for long-ternranch development loans. The other US$0.2 million would be a grant by Government for technical services. Surplus funda not required to amortize the IDA Credit during the first 16 years of the Credit vould be relent by the Central Bank to participating banks, or other qualified finan- cial institutions, for livestock purposes. HONDURAS LIVESTOCKDEVELOPMENT PROJECT I. INTRODUCTION 1.01 The Governmentof Honduras has requested financialassistance to provide long-term funis for financinglivestock development,mainly beef cattle. An IBRD mission helped prepare the Project in March 1967. At that time a broadly-basedGovernment committee vas establishedwhich prepared the Project under directionof the Central Bank. 1.02 The original investmentprogram developedby the committeetotaled about US$14 million and an external fíinacing of about US$8 million vas re- quested. The other US$6 million vas to be provided by livestockproducers, commercialbanks, Central Bank and Government. The program involved a country-wide development of about 300 ranches; each ranch would be e.bout 300 ha in size, carrying on average 300 head of cattle prior to development, and about tvice this number at full development. The IDA found thae. this type of ranch was not suffícientlycharacteristic of the industry and pro- posed to Governmentthree types of ranching enterprises. Furthernore,in viev of the limited number of suitable ranches and the limited suppiy of female stock for breeding, and steers for fattening,the IDA agreed vith Government on a reduction of the investmentprogram to about US$5.2 million and about 125-150 ranches. Although the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
    NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Education Achievement and of the Millennium Development Goals in Honduras
    Determinants of education achievement and of the Millennium Development Goals in Honduras Marcelo T. LaFleur Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations, New York, USA E-mail: [email protected] María Auxiliadora López M. Researcher, Institute of Social and Economic Research,IIES National Autonomous University of Honduras-UNAH Econometrician—Management of Economic Statistics National Institute of Statistics, INE-Honduras Email: [email protected] Abstract Since 1990-2012, basic primary education has been a priority in Honduras’ education policy, with similar importance in the Millennium Development Goals. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the determinants of school enrollment, grade promotion, and graduation rates in primary school, and to reach an understanding of the role of various factors in the timely completion of primary education by Honduras’ youth. This work aims primarily to quantify the relationship between education outcomes and socio-economic and policy variables to inform the MAMS general equilibrium model of Honduras, but it also serves to identify the policies that are most likely to improve outcomes and reach development objectives. We find that socio-economic and policy variables vary in their impact in education outcomes. We conclude that there are significant opportunities for policy makers to increase the impact of policies on education outcomes, particularly the effectiveness of spending on timely education achievement, but also though improvements in socio-economic conditions. A key lesson of this study is that it provides a rigorous example of how to analyze the effect of policy on outcomes, requiring detailed data and proper statistical technique in support of better informing policy decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business 2020
    Doing Business 2020 A guide for Central America and the Dominican Republic www.pwc.com/interamericas 2 | Doing Business 2020 A guide for Costa Rica 3 Preface Foreword Central America is a region brimming with opportunities to As part of the added value that PwC Interamericas offers to learn and innovate. The strategic commercial advantages all of its clients and the business community who want to do include cheaper manufacturing costs and labor, as well as a business in the Central America and the Dominican Republic great deal of arable lands. It is a region with a continuously reegion, it is a great honor to publish the sixth edition of the growing economy, which year after year receives increasing amounts of investment and tourism, which helps it to business guide called Doing Business 2020, containing interconnect with the world. important information, which allows us to understand cultural aspects, the climate for investment, and the most important On the other hand, the Dominican Republic has a promising things to consider on legal, commercial and fiscal matters and rapidly growing economy. Despite the fact that it does not belong to Central America, its proximity to the region on the region, that we have complemented with international and the fact that we share the same language and culture, standards and the best world practices. makes it a key contributor for the region. It’s very close Current business opportunities place Central America and commercial relationship with the United States in regard to tourism, the remittances, and exportations, help keep its the Dominican Republic as a highly attractive region for economy more stable.
    [Show full text]
  • Honduras Commercial Guide
    Honduras 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Honduras ________________________________________ 5 Market Overview _______________________________________________________________ 5 Market Challenges _____________________________________________________________ 6 Market Opportunities ___________________________________________________________ 7 Market Entry Strategy ___________________________________________________________ 7 Political Environment _______________________________________________ 9 Selling U.S. Products & Services ____________________________________ 12 Using an Agent to Sell U.S. Products and Services _________________________________ 12 Establishing an Office _________________________________________________________ 14 Franchising __________________________________________________________________ 17 Direct Marketing ______________________________________________________________ 17 Direct Marketing through mobile telephony ________________________________________ 18 Joint Ventures/Licensing _______________________________________________________ 18 Selling to the Government ______________________________________________________ 19 Distribution & Sales Channels ___________________________________________________ 21 Express Delivery ______________________________________________________________ 21 Selling Factors & Techniques ___________________________________________________ 21 eCommerce __________________________________________________________________ 22 Trade Promotion & Advertising __________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • 15 2001 Honduras R01654
    Date Printed: 11/03/2008 JTS Box Number: 1FES 5 Tab Number: 15 Document Title: International Election Observation, Honduras, November 21-27 2001: Document Date: 2001 Document Country: Honduras 1FES 1D: R01654 II * I I I I MAKING DEMOCRACY WORK I I I I I I , El AMATlllO ,.. eLAS'M" ANO$ EL S.t... LV ADO R. SAN i. I ','C,,' ,,'_ ,'" .elORENZO eEL ESPINO t·! I C ARAGUA. I ~~~lt~~~!iif1{~~·i::"'~ I I INTERNATIONAL ELECTION I OBSERV ATION I HONDURAS I November 21-27, 2001 I I HONDURAS PRESIDENTIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS I November 25, 2001 OBSERVATION ELECTION GUIDE I I I I I INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTION SYSTEMS I I I I I MAKING DEMOCRACY WORK I IFES INTERNATIONAL OBSERVATION DELEGATION I HONDURAS 2001 GENERAL ELECTIONS NOVEMBER 25, 2001 I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction A. Welcome letter, Richard Soudriette, President, IFES I B. IFES experience in Honduras C. Staff of the Americas Division, IFES D. Contacts I E. Map of Honduras F. Observer List I G. Scope of Observation II. Background on Honduras A. CNN Election Watch I B. CIA Fact book: Honduras C. List of current cabinet members D. Building Democracy in Honduras - USAID I E. Honduras This Week III. Appendix I A. Manual for Election Observation B. Election Qbservation Form I C. Voter Education Manual: Elecciones 2001-lnstructivo electoral I I I I I I Ie I I I I I I ..I I I I I I I ~ I , I w(Q)n®§ J I I I I I I ..I I I I I I I J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illegal Logging Crisis in Honduras
    THE ILLEGAL LOGGING CRISIS IN HONDURAS How U.S. and E.U. imports of illegal Honduran wood increase poverty, fuel corruption and devastate forests and communities A report by the Environmental Investigation Agency produced with the support of the Center for International Policy TABLE OF CONTENTS Illegal Logging: The Costs to Communities and Wildlife............................................. 1-2 Protests and Conflict .................................................................................................3-4 Map......................................................................................................................... 5-6 Illegal Logging Industry............................................................................................... 7 Targeted Regions and Species.................................................................................................................. 8 Rigged Auctions......................................................................................................................................... 9 Illegal Cutting..........................................................................................................................................10 Logging in National Parks...................................................................................................................... 11 Permit Fraud and Abuse .................................................................................................................12-13 Transport & Sawmills ...........................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • I. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (1) 1. with a Per Capita Income of Around
    Honduras WT/TPR/S/120 Page 1 I. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (1) INTRODUCTION 1. With a per capita income of around US$900, Honduras is one of the lowest-income countries in Latin America. From 1995 to 2002, the annual rate of growth of its gross domestic product (GDP) ranged from –1.9 to 5.7 per cent, with an average annual rate of growth of 3.1 per cent over the period. Owing to the rapid pace of population growth, the rise in per capita income has not been sufficient to exert any significant impact on the population's living standards; during the period 1998 to 2002, per capita GDP fell, even in real terms. Although development indicators improved during the 1990s, two-thirds of the population still live in poverty.1 2. International trade plays a crucial role in the Honduran economy. Exports and imports of goods and services together accounted for some 95 per cent of the GDP in 2002. The principal exports are products of the maquila industry, in particular clothing, and agricultural products such as coffee, shrimps and bananas.2 Reflecting in part the fall in prices and exports of traditional goods, during the period 1999 to 2002 exports showed a negative average growth rate of 2.3 per cent, which contrasts with the 12.5 per cent growth rate recorded during the period 1995 to 1998. 3. Programmes for the structural reform of the economy and monetary discipline have been the backbone of economic policy over the past decade. Measures have been introduced to curtail the fiscal deficit, although at the Central Government level it has remained high.
    [Show full text]
  • HONDURAS DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW Accelerating Broad-Based Growth
    Report No. 28222- HO HONDURAS DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW Accelerating Broad-Based Growth November 8, 2004 Central America Department Latin America and the Caribbean Region Document of the World Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Lempira (L) 1 US Dollar = L17.5200 1 Lempira = 0.0570 US$ ( As of November 10, 2004) FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADEL Local Education Development Associations AML Anti-Money Laundering AML/CFT Anti Money Laundering / Combating the Financing of Terrorism BANADESA State-owned rural development bank CA Central America CACM Central American Common Market CADERH Private non-profit vocational training institute CAFTA Central American Free Trade Agreement CAN National Anti-Corruption Council CBH Central Bank of Honduras CCME State Modernization Committee CEB Basic Education Center CEM Country Economic Memorandum CEPAL/ECLA Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment CFT Combating the Financing of Terrorism CNBS National Banking and Insurance Commission CNE National Energy Commission CNSSP National Supervisory Commission for Public Services CONATEL Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones CPAR Country Procurement Assessment Review CPI Corruption Perception Index DGP Office of the Budget DPR Development Policy Review EFA-FTI Education for All – Fast Track Initiative ENEE Public power utility company ENP Empresa Nacional de Puertos (National Ports Authority) FHIS Honduran Social Investment Fund FONAPROVI State-owned wholesale
    [Show full text]
  • Honduras Economic Performance Assessment
    Honduras Economic Performance Assessment May 2006 This publication was produced by Nathan Associates Inc. for review by the United States Agency for International Development. Honduras Economic Performance Assessment DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Sponsored by the Economic Growth office of USAID’s Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade (EGAT), and implemented by Nathan Associates Inc. under Contract No. PCE-I-00- 00-00013-00, Task Order 004, the Country Analytical Support (CAS) Project, 2004-2006, has developed a standard methodology for producing analytical reports to provide a clear and concise evaluation of economic growth performance in designated host countries. These reports are tailored to meet the needs of USAID missions and regional bureaus for country specific analysis. Each report contains: ⎯ A synthesis of data drawn from numerous sources, including World Bank publications and other international data sets currently used by USAID for economic growth analysis, as well as accessible host-country data sources; ⎯ International benchmarking to assess country performance in comparison to similar countries and groups of countries; ⎯ An easy-to-read analytic narrative that highlights areas in which a country’s performance is particularly strong or weak, thereby assisting in the identification of future programming priorities. Under the CAS Project, Nathan Associates will also respond to mission requests for in-depth sector studies to examine more thoroughly particular issues identified by the data analysis in these country reports. The authors of this report are Eric Miller, Colleen Morton, and Maureen Hinman.
    [Show full text]
  • Honduras 2020
    Honduras 2020 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Honduras ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Market Overview ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Market Challenges ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Market Opportunities _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Market Entry Strategy ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments ________________________________________________________________________ 8 Packaging Equipment & Machinery ____________________________________________________________________ 14 Automotive Aftermarket _________________________________________________________________________________ 20 Agricultural Sector ________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 Customs, Regulations & Standards _____________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Trade Barriers _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Import Tariffs ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Import Requirements & Documentation ______________________________________________________________ 29 U.S. Export Controls _______________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnose For
    Project for the Environmental Protection and Control of Pollution Caused by the Maritime Transportation in the Gulf of Honduras Final Report Data and Information Management System, Establishment of a Base Line, Preparation of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and a Strategic Action Plan Aliphatic hydrocarbons with quantifiable values in biota was the pentacosane (which can be found at the majority of the sampling points). Considering that their origin is diesel or gas oil, its presence could originate from floating vessel motors and/or it could be associated to contributions from urban areas (from road washings and the consequent dragging of fuels used by the car pool). Finally, it should be noted that in the tissue samples of the White Grunt fish (Haemulon plumieri), no quantifiable values of organic compounds, such as PCBs, pesticides and PAHs were recorded, with the exception of Cayo Sapodilla (wherein DDT could be quantified) and from Turneffe Reef (where pyrene was assessed, although in low concentrations). 3.3. Social-Economic Frame 3.3.1. Demographic and Population Aspects According to the information of the latest population census available (Figures and Tables 3.3–1 a 3.3–3) and the population projections performed by the Latin American and Caribbean Demography Center – CELADE (Figure 3.3–4), the global population in the countries adjacent to the Gulf of Honduras reaches, approximately, a total of 21,7 million inhabitants, whereof some 2,1 million belong to the coastal region of the area of study object of the present consultancy (Table 3.3–4). Likewise, Maps 35 to 38 show the administrative limits of the districts / departments in which each country is subdivided (Slide 35), the population belonging to the years 2000 – 2002 (Map 36) and 2007 – 2008 (Map 37) as well as the population variation occurred in said period (Map 38).
    [Show full text]
  • Document in English
    Distr. UNITED NATIONS LIMITED ECONOMIC COMMISSION LC/MEX/L.367 FOR LATIN AMERICA AND 14 April 1999 THE CARIBBEAN - ECLAC ORIGINAL: SPANISH ? HONDURAS: ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY HURRICANE MITCH, 1998 Implications for economic and social development and for the environment 900030458 Y" 9Ò0030458 - BIBLIOTECA CEP AL 9 9 -4 -2 7 iii CONTENTS Page PREFACE .................................................................................................................... 1 I. BACKGROUND................................................................................................ 3 1. The mission............................................................................................... 3 2. Description of the phenomenon................................................... 5 3. Population affected .......................................................................... 8 4. Emergency actions .................................................................................... 12 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE DAMAGE............................................................... 21 1. Social sectors............................................................................................. 21 2. Infrastructure................................................... 34 3. Irrigation and drainage ............................................................................. 45 4. Productive sectors.................................... 47 5. Environmental impact assessment............. 57 6. Summary of damage...............................................................................
    [Show full text]