Wilts & Berks Canal Trust Environmental Statement Melksham Link canal Appendix 10.1
APPENDIX 10.1 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT
WBCT/NPA/10653 NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES Wilts & Berks Canal Trust Environmental Statement Melksham Link canal Appendix 10.1
WBCT/NPA/10653 NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES Melksham Link - a proposed canal linking the River Avon at Melksham with the Kennet & Avon Canal at Semington
NGR 389952, 163819 to 389941, 161027
Historic Environment Assessment ______
Prepared by: Sarah Cottam
On behalf of: Wilts & Berks Canal Trust
Document No: ACW564/1/1
Date: October 2013
AC archaeology MELKSHAM LINK – A PROPOSED CANAL LINKING THE RIVER AVON AT MELKSHAM WITH THE KENNET & AVON CANAL AT SEMINGTON
NGR 389952, 163819 to 389941, 161027
Historic Environment Assessment ______
CONTENTS
Summary
1. Introduction 2 2. Legislation and Guidance 2 3. Assessment Methodology 4 4. Historical development of the site 6 5. Heritage assets 8 6. Air photographic evidence 12 7. Field Visit 14 8. Assessment of Significance 14 9. Conclusions 15 10. Sources 17
List of figures
Fig. 1 Site location Fig. 2 Location of designated assets within study area (Melksham) Fig. 3 Location of non-designated assets within study area (Melksham) Fig. 4 Location of recorded assets within study area (north of Berryfield) Fig. 5 Location of recorded assets within study area (south of Berryfield) Fig. 6 Location of recorded assets within study area (Semington)
Appendices
App 1 Historic maps App 2 Summary of heritage assets App 3 Air photograph coversearch
MELKSHAM LINK – A PROPOSED CANAL LINKING THE RIVER AVON AT MELKSHAM WITH THE KENNET AND AVON CANAL AT SEMINGTON
NGR 389952, 163819 to 389941,161027
Historic Environment Assessment
Summary
A largely desk-based assessment of the historic environment issues associated with the proposed construction of a new section of canal linking the River Avon at Melksham to the Kennet & Avon Canal at Semington has been undertaken between July and September 2013.
There are no designated heritage assets within the proposed construction corridors but a total of 90 are identified within a 500m wide study area. A number of non-designated assets lie on the route. These include a series of findspots of prehistoric and Romano-British date on the banks of the River Avon at Melksham, extensive areas of former medieval cultivation remains in the form of ridge and furrow and modern features including the line of the Devizes Branch Railway and extant and former Second World War structures.
An assessment of the available data indicates two areas of particular archaeological potential. The first, to the north of Berryfield, lies close to a complex of cropmarks plotted from air photographs that may include the remains of prehistoric burial mounds and/or settlement activity; these are partly masked by later ridge and furrow. The full extent of these features is unknown but may extend into the proposed application area. The second area comprises the River Avon where significant early prehistoric, Bronze Age and Romano-British finds have been recorded.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 1 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 This report sets out the results of a largely desk-based assessment of the historic environment (archaeology and cultural heritage) issues relating to a proposed new section of canal to link the River Avon at Melksham to the Kennet and Avon Canal at Semington, Wiltshire (NGR389952, 163819 to 389941,161027). The proposals include part of the River Avon to just upstream of the town weir. This assessment has been prepared by AC archaeology Ltd, on behalf of the Wilts and Berks Canal Trust during July to September 2013. The location of the proposed canal route is shown on Fig. 1. The aim of the report is to identify known heritage assets within the application area and, where possible at this level of assessment, identify the potential impacts on the historic environment.
1.2 The study has been prepared in support of a proposed planning application to Wiltshire Council for the excavation of a new waterway and associated infrastructure. The main components of the proposed development comprise:
• The excavation and construction of a new broad canal with a navigable width of 9m through open countryside and 7m through bridge and Berryfield village; • The excavation and construction of three new locks, 23m long and 5m wide; • The excavation and construction of a narrow lock, 23m long and 5m wide, adjacent to the existing Melksham weir; • The construction of a new weir on the River Avon near Challymead bridge and limited dredging to provide navigable width of channel to the existing weir, and; • The construction of two new highway bridges and a number of pedestrian bridges.
1.3 The proposed waterway runs south through open countryside from the river Avon on the west side of Melksham, approximately parallel with the A350 for a short distance before turning south-east, skirting the edge of the village of Berryfield then heading south down to the Kennet & Avon canal at Semington. For much of the route the superficial geology comprises sand and gravel River Terrace deposits and, around Semington, there is a small area of Clay and Silt Head deposits. The underlying bedrock geology of the whole route is Jurassic Mudstone of the Oxford Clay Formation. The topography is generally fairly flat and lies at between 34m and 39m above Ordnance Datum (mOD).
2 LEGISLATION AND GUIDANCE
2.1 Relevant protection, guidance and policies relating to the protection, maintenance and enhancement of archaeological sites and other aspects of cultural heritage may be summarised as follows:
National policy
2.2 General policy and guidance for the conservation of the historic environment are now contained in Chapter 12 of the new National Planning Policy Framework (Department for Communities and Local Government 2012). Archaeological sites, buildings, parks and gardens, conservation areas, battlefields or other aspects of the historic environment that have significance because of their historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest are now considered heritage assets under a revised policy system. The relevant policies are listed below:
Paragraph 128 In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 2 level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.
Paragraph 132 When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its `setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, Grade I and II* listed buildings, Grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.
Paragraph 135 The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.
Paragraph 137 Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably.
Paragraph 139 Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets.
Hedgerows
2.3 Hedgerows of historic importance are afforded protection under The Hedgerow Regulations 1997, section 97 of the Environment Act 1995. The scheme came into effect on 1st June 1997 and any hedgerow, which is defined, at that date, as being of historical or ecological importance may require consent from the local planning authority prior to removal. Although afforded protection by statute, historically important hedgerows are not considered to be ‘designated’ assets within the definition contained in the NPPF.
Local Authority Plan Policies
2.4 Relevant saved policies for the management of archaeology and cultural heritage are set out in the West Wiltshire District Plan 1st Alteration (2004) as follows:
Policy C15: Archaeological Assessment Archaeological assessment will be required for development proposals within the Areas of Archaeological Interest, or affecting an area of 1 hectare or more within Areas of Higher Archaeological Potential as shown on the Proposals Map. The results should be submitted with the planning application.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 3 Policy C17 Conservation Areas The special character or appearance of the designated conservation areas and their settings in West Wiltshire, including those shown on the Proposals Map and Listed in Appendix A will be preserved and enhanced.
The designation of further conservation areas under Section 69 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 will be considered from time to time where such areas are of special architectural or historic interest in the local context. Proposals will be formulated and published for the preservation and enhancement of the designated conservation areas.
3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
3.1 The scope of the study has included designated assets (World Heritage sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas, Battlefield Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens) and non-designated assets (archaeological sites and finds, historic buildings, other historic landscape features or locally-designated features, or areas, of cultural heritage significance).
3.2 The information derived from the study has been used: • To assess the significance of the currently recorded archaeological resource of the study area; • To assess the potential for the discovery of additional sites of archaeological or cultural heritage interest within the boundaries of the proposed application area, and; • To identify possible effects of the proposed development, whether adverse or positive..
3.3 The study does not attempt to provide a detailed assessment of impacts of development on the identified and potential resource, nor provide any detailed mitigation proposals at this stage. A provisional overview of possible impacts of development on the principal heritage assets, however, does form part of this report.
3.4 For the purposes of data gathering and assessment, the study area comprised the proposed application area, plus a c. 500m study corridor to provide context. The results of the searches are discussed in Section 5, summarised in Appendix 2, and the location of the identified heritage assets shown on Figs. 2-6.
3.5 This assessment has comprised a review of archeological and historical information held:
• at the Wiltshire Council Historic Environment Record (hereafter WCHER); • at the English Heritage Archive (hereafter EHA), Swindon; • at the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, Chippenham; • on the Magic website (www.magic.gov.uk) and on the English Heritage National Heritage List for England (NHLE), and; • other published, unpublished, or online information.
3.6 Historic aerial photographs held at the EHA were consulted in July 2013 – these comprised 87 vertical photographs taken between 1945 and 2001, and 77 oblique photographs taken between 1933 and 2005. The resultant EHA cover search is presented in Appendix 3. Cropmark or soil mark features representing possible archaeological features have been transcribed from both vertical and specialist oblique aerial photography. All crop and soil marks were plotted onto 1:10000 Ordnance Survey base maps using CorelDraw. These transcriptions, from the vicinity of the application area are shown on Figs. 2-6.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 4 Assessment of significance (value) of heritage assets
3.7 In order to assess the significance (value) of heritage assets within and around the development site, it is necessary to define the significance of individual or groups of heritage assets. There is no formal process for assessing the significance of heritage assets other than those with statutory protection (e.g. scheduled monuments, listed buildings), but advice on the criteria to be used is included in the English Heritage guidance ‘Conservation Principles – Policies and guidance for the sustainable management of the historic environment’ (EH 2008). This guidance states that heritage assets are considered to have significance based on their evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value. The National Planning Practice Framework also includes the criteria of architectural and artistic value.
3.8 The ranking of significance used in this assessment (and summarised in Appendix 2) considers the EH (2008) criteria, but expresses the results using a scale of significance derived from the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, (DMRB 2 Volume 11, 2009) and from guidance provided by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS, 2011). The ranking is presented in Table 1
Table 1: Assessment of significance (value) of heritage assets
SIGNIFICANCE FACTORS FOR ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE (VALUE) OF HERITAGE (VALUE) ASSETS World Heritage Sites (including nominated sites) Very High Assets of acknowledged international importance Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged international research objectives Assets with exceptional evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value Scheduled Monuments (including proposed sites) High Grade I and II* Listed Buildings Grade I and II* Registered Parks and Gardens Undesignated heritage assets of schedulable or exceptional quality and importance Conservation Areas containing very important buildings Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives Assets with high evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value Medium Designated or undesignated assets that have exceptional qualities or contribute to regional research objectives Grade II Listed Buildings Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens Assets with moderate evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value Designated and undesignated heritage assets of local importance Low Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations Assets of limited value, but with potential to contribute to local research objectives Assets with low evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value Negligible Assets with very little or no surviving archaeological, architectural or historical interest Assets with minimal evidential, historical, aesthetic or communal value
Unknown The importance of the resource has not been ascertained.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 5 4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE
Introduction
4.1 This section of the report is based on a map regression exercise undertaken on a sequence of historic maps relating to the proposed application area. Research has been conducted at the Wiltshire History Centre in Chippenham, and online. Extracts of relevant maps are included here as Appendix 1.
4.2 The majority of the route of the proposed new canal lies within the ancient parish of Melksham, now comprising the urban area, the rural parish of Melksham Without and the parish of Seend. The settlement was established by the early-medieval period on the higher ground around the church. At Domesday the large manor was held by the Crown. By the medieval period, the parish had been divided into a number of smaller manors. The northern extent of the proposed canal lies partly within the former Rectory Manor, or Canonhold, which was endowed to Salisbury Cathedral in 1200. The church was appropriated to the canons of the cathedral in 1220, although the vicarage was never included. In this way the rectory manor avoided being broken up at the dissolution and therefore remained dean and chapter property until the 19th century. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners sold the landed estate in 1878, although small parts had previously been sold off to the Wiltshire and Somerset Railway Company and to enlarge the town cemetery. The parish lies within the valley of the River Avon and with Semington Brook forming its southern boundary.
4.3 The first mention of weavers in the town is in the mid 14th century but the cloth industry is not specifically referred to until 1555 when there were two fulling mills. The town grew prosperous on the cloth industry during the 16th and 17th centuries although the trade declined subsequently and never recovered. The large factories had all closed by 1888. The construction of the canals and railways during the early-mid 19th century instigated a rapid growth in the town with industries such as corn milling, foundries, rope making and feather processing flourishing as a result of the improved transport links. Most are now gone.
4.4 The southern end of the proposed canal now lies within Semington parish, formerly part of the ancient parish of Steeple Ashton. Semington had been a chapelry of Steeple Ashton since the at least 1370 when it is known there was a chaplain there. In 1894, the tithings of Semington and Littleton and the parish of Whaddon were brought together to form the civil parish of Semington. Whaddon has since been transferred to Hilperton parish.
Maps
1773: Andrews and Dury
4.5 This is a small-scale map, not produced to an exact scale by later standards, but nevertheless does show the extent of Semington and Melksham at the time. The town of Melksham is still relatively small. The map clearly shows the formal gardens and designed grounds around Melksham House (Site 91), at that time owned by Walter Long Esq, whose family owned large estates in the area including South Wraxall Manor. The route of the proposed canal crosses the locations of two avenues of trees leading from the gardens. These trees do not appear to have survived and most of the formal gardens and designed landscape associated with the house was lost or redeveloped during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 6 4.6 The map shows that the remainder of the route passes through largely agricultural land, little changed between then and now, around Outmarsh Farm towards Semington. Semington is listed as ‘Semington or Sevington’, and the original bridge over Semington Brook (Site 141) is shown.
1810: Andrews and Dury
4.7 This map was largely a re-issue of the original 1773 map but now showing the recently constructed canals and the bridges over them. The lands around Melksham House are now shown as Mrs Threshers.
1835-6 map
4.8 This map was accompanied by a survey book and was produced following enclosure and land organisation in the area (the survey book records many transfers of property). The formal enclosure of Melksham parish did not take place until 1815 but it is likely that most of the parish had been enclosed piecemeal from the 16th century onwards, as was the case in Semington. Most of the field patterns are characteristic of the sub-rectangular post-enclosure forms but there is a block of fields around Westwood Farm and what is now Berryfield that were still divided into strips or occupied by a number of different people. The Kennet & Avon and Wilts & Berks Canals are both shown and the linear development along the Melksham to Semington turnpike road is expanding.
1836: Melksham parish map
4.9 This map was restricted to the urban area of Melksham itself. It shows the buildings and major property boundaries within the town as well as the Wilts & Berks Canal, Avon Bridge and the island in detail. Some field names alongside the River Avon are also shown. These include two Dye House Meads, next to buildings presumably utilised for the fulling and dyeing of cloth, Canonhold Meads, which were held by the church, and Ewe Mead across the river. The meads would have been subject to seasonal flooding and remained largely unuseable for urban expansion, and remain so today. A withy bed is shown near the Avon Bridge, close to a building called The Ark (Site 96). This was a water powered cloth factory built in the 1790s and closed in 1850. The building was demolished by 1865.
1844: Melksham Tithe map and Apportionment
4.10 This map covers the entirety of the large parish to the north bank of Semington Brook. Many of the field names along the route of the proposed canal relate to low-lying meadow land, some of it liable to seasonal flooding. There are still numerous plots and occupiers around Berryfield. The field pattern is broadly similar to the present and there is no evidence for any development in the area.
Ordnance Survey maps
4.11 The proposed canal route lies on three Ordnance Survey map sheets: 33/5, 33/9 and 33/11. The first edition was produced in 1886. Holbrook Farm and Berryfield Cottages are named for the first time. The most significant change since the production of the tithe map is the line of the Devizes Branch Railway (Site 132) north of Outmarsh Farm, which was constructed in c.1862. The Railway Tavern is shown at the point where the railway crosses both the Semington to Melksham turnpike road and the Wilts & Berks Canal.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 7
4.12 There were few changes in the study area between 1886 and the publication of the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey maps in 1900-01. Allotment gardens are now shown to the west and south- west of Berryfield Cottages and the towpath alongside the Kennet & Avon canal is now shown. Bridges and locks along both canals are also shown in more detail.
4.13 By the publication of the 3rd edition Ordnance Survey maps in 1924, the Wilts & Berks Canal has become disused and, in places, backfilled. There are few changes depicted on the 4th edition maps of 1936-42, the principal one being that the wharf complex at Semington has been demolished.
4.14 Bowerhill, to the east of study area, was a rural area until 1940 when the RAF School of Instrument Training was moved there from Cranwell. A branch of the Armament School was also subsequently moved there. After the Second World War, the Melksham Urban District Council bought the Lambourne Farm estate and built over a thousand new houses on it to accommodate the servicemen and their families. This is now Berryfields.
5 HERITAGE ASSETS
Designated Assets
5.1 There are no designated heritage assets (see section 3.1 for definition) on the route of the proposed new canal. There are 90 designated assets within the study corridor. These comprise the Melksham Conservation Area, Two Grade II* Listed Buildings and 87 Grade II Listed Buildings. All are shown on Fig. 2 (Melksham) and Figs. 4-6, summarised in Appendix 2 and described in more detail below.
5.2 Designated assets within 1km of the proposed canal have also been considered. There are no Scheduled Monuments, Grade I or II* Listed Buildings, Registered Park and Gardens, World Heritage Sites or Registered Battlefields within this wider area. There is a number of Grade II Listed Buildings but it is considered that their settings or significance will not be affected by the proposed new canal and they have not been assessed further.
Melksham Conservation Area (Site 3)
5.3 The Melksham Conservation Area has been designated by Wiltshire Council as an area of special architectural and historic interest, the appearance or setting of which the council wishes to preserve or enhance. The town developed during the medieval period as a result of industries associated with the wool trade and was a busy weaving town throughout the post- medieval period. The general character of the conservation area comprises these trading and industrial aspects.
The Church of St Michael (Site 1), the Turner Memorial (Site 2) and the churchyard (Sites 45- 78)
5.4 The Church of St Michael (Site 1) has Norman origins but is largely late-medieval with extensive remodelling undertaken in 1845. The 15th century Lady Chapel was refitted in 1909. There is a good collection of memorial tablets within the church including a marble dated 1612. An early 19th century chest tomb, the Turner memorial (Site 2), lies in the churchyard. The church and the Turner memorial are both Grade II* Listed Buildings.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 8 5.5 There are a further 34 designated assets within the churchyard of the Church of St Michael. These comprise the gate piers and gate into the churchyard (Site 65) and 33 headstones or memorials of 18th and 19th century date (Sites 45-64 and 66-78). These are all Grade II Listed Buildings.
Other Grade II Listed Buildings within the study corridor
5.6 There are a further 54 Grade II Listed Buildings within the study corridor. Sites 4-44, 79-80 and 91 all lie within the town of Melksham and include public houses, chapels, bridges, residences and shops.
5.7 Semington Aqueduct (Sites 85 and 86) is of late 18th to early 19th century date and still carries the Kennet and Avon Canal over the Semington Brook. Wharf Cottage (Site 84) is built on the side of the canal and is contemporaneous with it.
5.8 Outmarsh Farmhouse (Site 83), an early 18th century farmhouse, lies east of the proposed new canal. Old Railway Farmhouse (Site 82) is believed to have been a public house. It lies on the east bank of the disused Wilts and Berks canal and beside of the former railway. Berryfields Cottages are well preserved artisan cottages on the west side of Berryfeld village.
5.9 Brook House (Site 87), Brook Cottage (Site 89) and its stable and carriage house (Site 90) and railings and gate piers (Site 88) lie at the southern extent of the study corridor on the northern edge of Semington.
Non-designated assets
5.10 There are 55 non-designated heritage assets currently recorded within the study area. Of these, twelve have been recorded within the application area (Site 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 131,m 132, 143, 144, 146 and 147). All non-designated assets are shown on Figs. 3-6, summarised in Appendix 2 and described below.
Palaeolithic (c. 500,000BC - 10,000BC)
5.11 There are three heritage assets of Palaeolithic date currently recorded within the study area. Sites 107 and 108 record the locations of flint flakes, with ochreous staining, recovered from the edge of the river during bridge construction works for the Melksham by-pass in 1972. Site 109 records a Palaeolithic site (?findspot) identified during an archaeological watching brief during construction of the Melksham Sewage Treatment Works.
Prehistoric (c. 10,000BC - AD43)
5.12 There are four heritage assets of Prehistoric date currently recorded within the study area. Sites 103 and 105, sherds of Neolithic pottery, and Site 106, a possible hoard of bronze artefacts, were recovered from the banks of the River Avon during construction works associated with channel diversion and bridge construction for the by-pass. The bronze artefacts comprised socketed bronze spearheads, part of the blade of a bronze dirk and, found separately but believed to be part of the same hoard, three bronze phalerae. A Bronze Age unlooped palstave axe (Site 127) has been recorded to the south of Berryfield. No archaeological features are recorded associated with it.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 9 Romano-British (AD43 - AD410)
5.13 There are two heritage assets of Romano-British date currently recorded within the study area. Site 104 , a number of sherds comprising the handle and neck of a jug, were found on the river bank during bridge construction for the by-pass. Two fragments of pottery were recovered from a site north of the church. No associated archaeological features have been recorded.
Early-medieval/ Saxon (AD410 - AD1066)
5.14 There are three heritage assets of early-medieval date currently recorded within the study area. It has been suggested that the settlement of Melksham (Site 112) originated during this period on the raised bank of the Avon, in the area around the present church, before expanding north during the medieval period (Haslam and Edwards, 1976). The Canonhold, or Rectory Manor (Site 113), to the south west of the church, was the Domesday holding of Rumbold the Priest and is of early-medieval descent. In 1200, it was granted to Salisbury Cathedral and twenty years later all of its holdings except the church and the vicarage passed to the canons.
5.15 Gullies containing early-medieval pottery were recorded during an archaeological evaluation undertaken in 2009 (Site 101).
Medieval (AD1066 - AD1540)
5.16 There are nine assets of medieval date currently recorded within the study area. The settlement of Melksham (Site 99) is recorded as Melchesa in AD1086. The name may derive from the Old English word for milk, meoloc, but there is no firm basis for this. The domesday entry suggests this was a large estate with a church and several mills. A market and fair was granted to the town by 1219. The present church of St Michael was in built by this time, possibly on the site of an earlier church. The medieval vicarage (Site 110) stood to the north of the church and was part of Rectory Manor until 1220 when it and the church were detached from the estate. The building is no longer extant. A tithe barn (Site 114), to the south west of the church , is believed to be of 15th century date.
5.17 A settlement at Berryfields (Site 123), Bereghfeld, was documented in AD1286. The Beorgh part of the name, interpreted as hill or barrow, most likely refers to a barrow as the site is not on a hill. Townsend Farm (Site 124) also has medieval origins. It was the home of William atte Tounesende in AD1333. Both of these medieval settlements lie within, or adjacent to, areas of ridge and furrow (Site 144), which extends throughout the study area and is also likely to be medieval in origin. In places the fields have been cross ploughed. Much of it respects field boundaries which survive today. Trackways or headlands are also visible. Although much of it has been ploughed out, it survives as well defined earthworks in places, including around Berryfield (Plate 1). An area of ridge and furrow was archaeologically investigated during a watching brief on the Holt to Semington water main replacement (Evans, 2011; Site 134).
5.18 Site 140 records the location of the Semington Bridge, a 13th century bridge over Semington Brook. The structure has not survived, the current bridge being of concrete construction. The modern Ordnance Survey maps shows Semington Bridge as being the single arched, 19th century bridge over the Kennet & Avon canal. This is not the bridge recorded here.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 10 Post-medieval (AD1540 - AD1901)
5.19 There are 12 heritage assets of post-medieval date currently recorded within the study area.
5.20 The Kennet and Avon Canal (Site 143) was first proposed in 1788 and its final route, linking towns such as Devizes, Trowbridge and Newbury, approved in 1793. The canal fully opened in 1810 after 16 years of construction. The canal carried mostly stone and coal and by 1832 was moving up to 300, 000 tons per year, bringing substantial revenues to the Kennet and Avon Canal Company.
5.21 The Wilts & Berks Canal (Site 125) linked the Kennet & Avon Canal at Semington to the River Thames at Abingon. The plans for the canal were published in 1793 and received Royal Assent in 1795. The canal was opened in 1810 after 14 years of construction. The canal primarily transported coal from the Somerset coalfields via the Somerset Coal Canal and the Kennet & Avon Canal.
5.22 The opening of the Great Western Railway (GWR) in 1841 caused a large decline in the amount of traffic using the waterways for the transport of freight. In 1852 the railway company took over the running of the Kennet and Avon Canal, reducing the amounts spent on maintenance, increasing tolls and imposing restrictions on the use of the canal at night. These measures drove more trade toward the railways and by 1877 the canal began running at a financial loss. The Wilts & Berks also suffered due to the competition from the railways. Additionally maintenance costs were high due to the nature of the geology it passed through. Traffic on the canal had ceased by 1901 and the canal was formally abandoned by Act of Parliament in 1914. In 1926 the GWR sought to close the Kennet & Avon but the application was denied by the Ministry of Transport who imposed a maintenance order and the canal remained theoretically operational. It was at this point that the canal began to be used by pleasure boats.
5.23 Two railways pass through the study area. The Wiltshire, Somerset and Weymouth Railway (Site 115) was built by a subsidiary company of the GWR to link Thingley on the main line with Weymouth. The railway was open by 1857 as a broad gauge railway and converted to narrow gauge in 1874. The line continues in use today the Wessex Main line. The Devizes Branch Railway was also completed in 1857 by the Wiltshire, Somerset and Weymouth Railway, joining the Weymouth line at Holt Junction. Semington Halt (Site 133) was opened in 1857. The line and all its stations closed in 1966 and the lines dismantled. Within the study area, the asset survives as an embankment. There are no above ground remains of the halt. The proposed canal will cross the line of this asset (Plate 2).
5.24 Four of the assets record the post-medieval industrial history of the town. The site of the Sawtell feather processing factory (Site 93), the former brass foundry (Site 94), the Ark cloth factory (Site 96) and the associated dye house (Site 95) all lie within the town. The industries have not survived within the present town but contributed greatly to its prosperity during the late 18th to 19th centuries. The late 19th century cottage hospital (Site 100) is extant but no longer a hospital. Archaeological investigations undertaken within the study area have identified post- medieval culverts (Site 101) and the foundations of a probable 19th century building (Site 131)
Modern (AD1901 - present)
5.25 There are eight heritage assets of modern date currently recorded within the study area. In 1940 the RAF School of Instrument Training built a branch at Bowerhill, to the east of the study
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 11 area. The site was used for specialist training of personnel which later also included Royal Naval Air Service Mechanics. In the early days of the base, servicemen were accommodated on a camp at Berryfields (Site 145) which is visible on the air photographs taken during the war. Additional structures (Site 146) are also visible to the west. These are shown on Plate 3 and have been described in more detail in Section 6.8 below. A small building of brick and blockwork construction (Site 147; Plate 4) is likely to be a surviving remnant of the wartime military activity in the area. It lies within the application area.
5.26 The General Headquarters (GHQ) Line was one of over 50 lines of defences built in England during World War 2 to contain or deflect an enemy invasion. It ran from the end of the Taunton Stop Line, near Highbridge in Somerset, along the River Brue and then along the Kennet & Avon Canal to Reading. A number of the pillboxes built as part of the GHQ line still survive along the canal, two of which, Sites 130 and 136 (Plate 5), lie within the study area. There are also three anti-tank features (Sites 129, 138 and 139) within the study area and a former gunpit (Site 137). All of these are associated with the defence of the area and the country as a whole during World War 2.
Undated
5.27 There are 14 heritage assets of unknown date currently recorded within the study area. Five of these (Sites 116, 117, 118, 119 and 120) are circular features visible on air photographs. Although they have not been subject to archaeological investigations their form, dimensions and locations suggest that they are likely to be ring ditches associated with Bronze Age burial mounds. Sites 121, 122 and 142 are undated enclosures and Site 141 is a linear feature. All are visible as cropmarks on air photographs. Site 135 is an earthwork feature, probably a low mound visible on air photographs. A possible field system has also been identified (Site 128). Two undated spearheads (Site 102) were found during bridge construction in Melksham and two heavily abraded sherds of pottery were found by a watching brief during construction works for a new supermarket. A limited quantity of undated finds were recorded during an archaeological evaluation on the route of the proposed A350 Semington to Melksham diversion.
Palaeochannels
5.28 A number of possible palaeochannels have been identified adjacent to the River Avon as it flows through Melksham (Sites 97 and 98). These can increase our knowledge of landscape and climate changes over time and can add to our understanding of settlement patterns.
Historic hedgerows
5.29 The proposed canal crosses six hedged boundaries. Their depiction on maps predating c. 1840 means that they are considered to be important hedgerows under criterion 5a of Schedule 1, Part II of the Hedgerow Regulations of 1997, as they are recorded in a document held at the relevant date at a Record Office as an integral part of a field system pre-dating the Inclosure Act.
6 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE
6.1 The area between Melksham and Semington has good vertical photographic coverage, although there are far fewer useful oblique photographs – most of these concentrate on Melksham, and the industrial buildings and large gentry houses and estates in the surrounding area. The Google Earth coverage of the area also includes 1945-6 vertical black and white
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 12 photographs. Most of the identifiable features relate to past agricultural use, primarily medieval or early post-medieval ridge and furrow.
6.2 In Melksham, the areas alongside the River Avon were already built-up by the mid-20th century, and so no earlier features are visible. To the north-west of the modern A350 Challymead Road bridge, however, sinuous features probably reflect the locations of the palaeochannels identified in later investigations (Site 96). There are also a variety of drainage ditches and raised flood banks on both sides of the river in this general area. One particularly prominent feature is either a holloway, or more likely a very large drainage ditch.
6.3 West of the line of the modern A350, a series of parallel features was seen in the low lying land in the loops on both sides of the river. Some may be former water meadow channels, but some are slightly curved and so may be derived from ridge and furrow, unlikely as this may seem in such a low-lying area. Further probable palaeo-channels are also visible west of the modern river channel.
6.4 South of the double-loop in the River Avon, there is ridge and furrow on two different alignments in separate land blocks, although one area has also been cross-ploughed with ridge and furrow in two different directions. The southern part of Melksham has expanded over some of these areas since the 1940s and 1950s. Slightly wider features may be furlong boundaries, and/or tracks. This broad pattern of ridge and furrow continues southwards to Townsend Farm and Berryfield Park. The proposed new canal route will cross a number of these areas of ridge and furrow.
6.5 To the north-west and west of Boundary Farm, at least four large ring ditches are visible on oblique aerial photographs, representing features at least c. 40m across (Sites 116 - 119). These features have been previously recorded as the ring ditches to Bronze Age round barrows, and are located approximately 130m west of the proposed new canal route. In addition, there is a poorly defined feature to the south-west of Boundary Farm, consisting of a subcircular feature with ‘splayed’ linear features leading to it from the north and narrowing to the south (Site 122). This may be another ring ditch with associated features, or may be a prehistoric enclosure.
6.6 The 1940s vertical photographs of Berryfield show it before all the housing developments were built, when it was still in the earliest phase of its use by the military. Groups of Nissen huts are visible, along with what appear to be blast-proof bunkers – these may be ammunition stores. The line of the new canal extends through the eastern edge of these military features, none of which are visible above ground.
6.7 To the south of Berryfield there are additional ridge and furrow features, again with some evidence of cross-ploughing in some fields. Several possible trackways are also visible, along with some post-enclosure field boundaries that have subsequently been removed. More prominent features may be furlong boundaries. The proposed canal route crosses many of these features. To the west of Outmarsh, there is an interesting area with more prominent bank boundaries, apparently delineating a series of small subrectangular plots and an irregular area of disturbance. These may be the remnants of small tenements and their associated plots. The canal extends across the eastern edge of this group of features. South of this there is further ridge and furrow, again with some cross-boundaries or cross-ploughing.
6.8 To the south-west of Outmarsh Farm there are further traces of ridge and furrow. There is also a relatively prominent boundary extending NWW-SEE across the area, towards the boat landing
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 13 area near the existing Semington road bridge. The cropmarks to the north of this probable bank are sinuous, with those to the north-west being quite widely spaced and characteristic of ridge and furrow. Those to the south of the prominent boundary, however, and perhaps those immediately south of Outmarsh Farm too, are less widely spaced and appear to be straighter, separated by regularly spaced deeper, straight ditch features. This seems likely to be water meadow rather than ridge and furrow. The projected line of the new canal cuts across many of these.
6.9 In the early days of the RAF base at Bowerhill, the personnel were accommodated in huts at Berryfield (Site 145). Additional structures are also visible on the air photographs (see Plate 3) along the lanes and field boundaries around Berryfield Cottages. these appear to be rectangular buildings with an area of adjacent hard standing. These are temporary structures and do not appear on maps or later photographs and are not now visible on the ground. Although they are almost certainly associated with the RAF activities to the west, their exact form and function has not been established. The proposed canal will cross the location of a number of these features.
7 FIELD VISIT
7.1 The purpose of the field visit was to provide a familiarisation of the site’s land-use and topography, a visual check of any recorded heritage assets within the area, and an opportunity to observe evidence for any previously unrecorded assets in the form of earthworks, soil exposures or standing remains. The site visit was undertaken on 13th August 2013.
7.2 A number of previously recorded heritage assets were identified and their condition noted. These included extant buildings and extant earthworks. These have been described in detail where relevant in Section 6, above. One previously unrecorded heritage asset, a modern building (Site 147) probably associated with military activities in the area during World War 2, was noted and photographed.
8 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
Very High Significance
8.1 There are no heritage assets of Very High Signficance within the study area.
High Significance
8.2 There are three heritage assets of High Significance within the study area. The Church of St Michael (Site 1) is a parish church with Norman origins and a number of subsequent additions and alterations which add to its architectural and historic interest. In the churchyard, the Turner memorial is also considered to be of special architectural significance. Both these structures are Grade II* Listed Buildings and have high evidential and historic value. The Melksham Conservation Area (Site 3) contains a number of nationally important buildings which as a group enhance the significance of the area and can contribute to research into the development and prosperity of settlements before and during the industrial revolution.
Medium Significance
8.3 There are 90 heritage assets of Medium Significance within the study area. Of these, 88 (Sites 4-91) are Grade II Listed Buildings. These comprise largely urban buildings within Melksham Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 14 such as houses and boundary features, shops, public houses and chapels (Sites 4-44 and 79- 80). There are 34 designated memorials within the churchyard of St Michael's Church (Sites 45-78). Outside of the town there are a number of Grade II Listed farmhouses, cottages and outbuildings (Sites 81-83 and 87-90) and a small number of structures associated with the canals (Sites 84-86). These are all considered to have architectural and historic value. They can contribute to our understanding of the regional development of settlement and agriculture during the post-medieval period, particularly to the impact of the introduction of new transport links during the 19th century.
8.4 The Wilts and Berks Canal (Site 125) and the Kennet and Avon Canal (Site 143) are non designated heritage assets but both are considered to be of some importance in the regional context. They can contribute to research into the development of the national system of waterways during the 19th century and its impact on the industry, economy and settlement patterns in the areas linked by this new infrastructure.
Low Significance
8.5 There are 38 heritage assets of Low Significance within the study area. Sites 103, 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 are Palaeolithic/prehistoric findspots. Site 104 is Romano-British in date. Site 112 is early-medieval in date. Sites 99, 114, 123, 124, 134, 140 and 144 are medieval in date. Sites 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 115, 131, 132 and 133 are post-medieval in date. Sites 129, 130, 136, 137, 138, 139, 145 and 147 are modern and Sites 98, 102 and 128 are undated. All of these are considered to be of some importance within the local context and can contribute to research into a number of aspects of the local heritage.
Negligible Significance
8.6 There are four heritage assets of Negligible Significance within the study area. Site 127 is a findspot, Site 111 is a Romano-British findspot, and Sites 92 and 126 are undated. These assets have little or no surviving archaeological or historic interest.
Unknown Significance
8.7 There are 12 heritage assets of Unknown Significance within the study area. Sites 97, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 135, 141, 142 and 146 are all undated. These represent features identified from documentary or air photographic evidence and are considered to be of unknown significance because the importance of the resource has yet to be ascertained. If future investigations confirm date and form then their ‘significance value’ may be greatly enhanced.
9 CONCLUSIONS
9.1 There are no designated assets within the application area and 80 within the broader study area. Part of the Melksham Conservation Area also lies within the study area. The Church of St Michael and one of the churchyard monuments are Grade II* Listed Buildings. The proposed new canal will not be visible from these assets and it will have no effect on their significance. The proposed canal will not affect the setting of any of the Grade II Listed Buildings within Melksham town centre. Wharf Cottage, a Grade II Listed Building alongside the Kennet and Avon Canal at Semington, will have a view across the new canal as it joins the existing waterway. It is not considered that this will affect the setting of the cottage.
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 15 9.2 The route of the proposed canal will cross six historic hedgerows. These will have to be partly removed to make way for the canal and towpath.
9.3 There are twelve non-designated heritage assets within the application area itself. A number of these comprise finds made during works associated with the construction of the by-pass bridge over the River Avon and included a hoard of metalwork, some showing evidence of ritual damage. It is possible that these items were votive offerings. Valuable items were often deposited in places such as springs or watercourses as gifts to the 'water gods' and often show signs of being deliberately damaged or broken, although the exact reason why is not known. The investigations carried out along the river have identified a number of palaeochannels and suggest the landscape around the river was a dynamic one, with the river and its tributaries shifting frequently. Past changes in climate and the resulting variations in the water table will have had an impact on the subsistence or farming communities living in the area. This is believed to be a possible reason why votive offerings were made in 'watery' places; as a gift of thanks for improved conditions or as an offering in the hope of an improvement in poor conditions. The proposed application includes some dredging of the river to provide a navigable width of channel to the existing weir. It is considered that there is a moderate potential for the recovery of artefacts during these works. Similarly, any clearance works undertaken along the river banks may reveal artefacts or features. It is considered unlikely that there will be evidence for prehistoric or Romano-British features that close to the river, the edges of which flood seasonally and would be unsuitable for settlement.
9.4 The presence of probable barrows to the west of the study area, north of Berryfield, suggests that there has been some Bronze Age activity, including settlement, in the vicinity. With the exception of the Late Bronze Age metalwork hoard and a single findspot, no prehistoric activity has previously been recorded within the study area. It is considered that there is a moderate to high potential for the presence of previously unrecorded deposits within the study area.
9.5 The early-medieval and later settlement of Melksham grew up around a small area of high ground south of the river, around the church. The river would have been navigable then too and probably played a major role in the transportation of goods to and from the settlement. There is a low to moderate potential for the survival of features associated with wharves or docks of this date which the proposed works may expose.
9.6 The proposed new canal crosses areas of ridge and furrow cultivation, probably of medieval and/or post-medieval date. These cultivation remains survive as earthworks in places and in others they have been reduced to ground level, although much of it was clearly visible on historic and more recent air photographs. A transcription of their locations and orientations has been made for this study. A number of medieval settlements or farmsteads are known of from documentary sources which still exist in some form today and the field systems are likely to be associated with them. Although a significant length of the new canal will cut through these field systems, it is considered that the asset is large enough and has been previously well recorded to an extent that the overall impact of the work will be low.
9.7 The study area appears to have remained relatively unchanged during the post-medieval period. After inclosure, the field pattern was set and, with the exception of the loss of some boundaries, is recognisable in the agricultural landscape between Melksham and Semington today. The main changes within the post-medieval landscape comprised the construction of the canals during the early 19th century and the railway some thirty years later. They cut narrow swathes across the landscape and had relatively little impact in landscape terms. The major change they brought about was the increased mobility for both goods and passengers. This
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 16 greatly increased the markets within which towns like Melksham could trade and brought growth and prosperity to those settlements. The Devizes Branch Railway and the Wilts and Berks Canal ceased to function during the 20th century. The proposed canal crosses the line of the former railway embankment and will involve the excavation of a breach through the it. This will constitute a minor impact on the asset. The route of the original Wilts and Berks Canal has been largely built over within Melksham itself but the line of it remains largely visible, although fully infilled, to the south as it reaches Semington. The proposed new canal could not reuse this original canal and follows an entirely different path. Therefore this asset will not be affected by the proposed new canal.
9.8 The other principal change within the study area came during the Second World War when an RAF base was built to the west. This necessitated the accommodation of large numbers of service personnel and the area around Berryfields was used as a temporary camp. This camp was subsequently built over for more permanent accommodation and nothing remains. The proposed canal will pass around the northern and eastern extents of the development. The temporary accommodation would, by its nature, leave little trace behind below ground and it is considered that there is low potential for the presence of significant remains of this date in this area. Of more interest are a number of structures to the north-west of Berryfield which appear to have been erected during the Second World War and largely removed soon afterwards. Their function is not known. Isolated buildings of this date survive and have been brought into agricultural use. The proposed canal will pass through the sites of some of these buildings. There is no visible trace of them on the ground surface and it is not known what below ground evidence may be present. However, there is considered to be a moderate potential for the presence of previously unrecorded deposits or features of this period within the study area.
9.9 Overall, the new section of canal will cross through an agricultural landscape largely unchanged over at least the last 300 years. Within Melksham itself it will involve minor works and improvements to the existing watercourse which is likely to have a positive effect on the area and may enhance the setting of the Conservation Area and other designated assets.
10 REFERENCES
Maps consulted
Andrews and Dury map, 1773
Andrews and Dury map, 1810
Post-enclosure survey 1835-6
Melksham Parish Map, 1836
Melksham Tithe Map , 1844 and apportionment, 1842
Melksham town map, 1879
Ordnance Survey, 25-inch 1st edition, sheets 33/5, 33/9 and33/11, 1886
Ordnance Survey, 25-inch 2nd edition, sheets 33/5, 33/9 and33/11, 1900-01
Ordnance Survey, 25-inch 3rd edition, sheets 33/5, 33/9 and33/11, 1924
Ordnance Survey, 25-inch 4th edition, sheets 33/5, 33/9 and33/11, 1936-42
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 17 Published sources and unpublished reports
Evans, P., 2011, Holt to Semington Water Main Replacement: An archaeological watching brief, Context One Archaeological Services Report ref COAS/WBF/10/HSW
Haslam, J., 1976, Wiltshire towns: the archaeological potential, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society
Pugh, R.B and Crittall, E., 1953, A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 7, Victoria County History
MacMahon, P., 2004, The archaeology of Wiltshire's towns: An Extensive Urban Survey - Melksham, Wiltshire County Archaeological Service
Internet Sources
British Geological Survey online www.bgs.ac.uk/open geoscience
English Heritage National Heritage List for England
ww.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for-england
Melksham Link: Historic Environment Assessment Report no. ACD564/1/0 Page 18 164000
163000
Route of proposed 162000 new canal
161000
389000 390000 391000
Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Ó Crown Copyright AC archaeology, Chicklade, Wiltshire. Licence No AL100016452
AC archaeology PROJECT Melksham Link
TITLE N 0 1km Fig. 1: Location of proposed new canal N
Site 4 Site 5 Site 7 Site 6
Site 8
Site 9
Site 10
Site 11 Site 12
Site 22 Site 13 Site 23 Site 14 Site 16 Site 15 Site 30 Site 24 Site 17 Site 31 Site 25 Site 18 Site 32 Site 26 Site 19 Site 33-35 Site 20 Site 21 Site 27-29 Site 36 Site 37-39 Site 40 Site 41 Site 43 Site 42 Site 44 Site 45-62 Site 1 Site 69-75 Site 63-64 Site 79 Site 65 Site 66-68 Site 80 Site 76-78 Site 2
Site 3
Site 91
0 250m
AC archaeology Key PROJECT Grade II* Listed Building Melksham Link Conservation Area TITLE Grade II Listed Building Fig. 2: Location of designated assets Application area within study area (Melksham) N
Site 125
Site 93
Site 92
Site 94 Site 95
Site 96 Site 99
Site 98
15 Site 97 Site 1
Site 104 Site 100 Site 105 Site 103
Site 106 Site 102
Site 110 Site 107 Site 101 Site 97 Site 109 Site 108 Site 111
Site 114 Site 113 Site 112
0 250m Key Non designated heritage asset AC archaeology PROJECT Area of recorded archaeological investigation Melksham Link Air photograph transcription TITLE Historic hedgerow Fig. 3: Location of non designated assets Application area within study area (Melksham) N
Site 116
Site 146
Site 118 Site 117
Site 121 Site 119 Site 144 Site 120
Site 123124
Site 147
Site 123126 Site 122
Site 125
Site 81 Site 144
Key Site 145 0 250m Designated heritage asset
Non designated heritage asset AC archaeology PROJECT Area of recorded archaeological investigation Melksham Link
Air photograph transcription TITLE Historic hedgerow Fig. 4: Location of recorded assets within Application area study area (north of Berryfield) N
Site 125
Site 81 Site 144
Site 145
Site 127
Site 128
Site 144 Site 129
Site 132 Site 82 Site 130 Site 134 Site 131 Site 133
Site 135 Site 83
Key Site 136 0 250m Designated heritage asset
Non designated heritage asset AC archaeology PROJECT Area of recorded archaeological investigation Melksham Link
Air photograph transcription TITLE Historic hedgerow Fig. 5: Location of recorded assets within Application area study area (south of Berryfield) N
Site 132 Site 82 Site 130 Site 134 Site 131 Site 133
Site 135 Site 83
Site 136
Site 124
Site 144
Site 137
Site 84
Site 86 Site 143
Site 85 Site 141
Site 138 Site 139 Site 142
Site 140
Site 87 Site 89 Site 88 Site 90
Key 0 250m Designated heritage asset
Non designated heritage asset AC archaeology PROJECT Area of recorded archaeological investigation Melksham Link
Air photograph transcription TITLE Historic hedgerow Fig. 6: Location of recorded assets Application area within study area (Semington) Plate 1: Earthworks of ridge and furrow to north of Berryfield. View from the south-west
Plate 2: Location of former Devizes Branch Railway bridge.
AC archaeology Site 146
Site 145
Plate 3: Air photograph taken in 1945 showing the RAF Bowerhill (bottom left corner), Site 145, the temporary accommodation, and Site 146
AC archaeology Plate 4: Site 147, a modern structure which may be associated with RAF Bowerhill
Plate 5: Site 136, a pillbox which formed part pf the GHQ line
AC archaeology Appendix 1
AC archaeology approximate location of proposed canal
Extract from Andrews and Dury map, 1773 Extract from Andrews and Dury map, 1810
AC archaeology Melksham parish map, 1836
approximate location of proposed canal
1835-6 survey
AC archaeology Extract from the Melksham tithe map, 1844 approximate location of proposed canal
AC archaeology Extract from the Melksham tithe map, 1844 approximate location of proposed canal
AC archaeology Extract from the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1888-89 Extract from the 3rd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1926
AC archaeology Appendix 2
AC archaeology
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 1 LEN 1021707 390288 163732 Church Extant Church of St Michael. Anglican parish church. Medieval Listed Building High EHA 212229 Structure Norman origins, late Medieval with extensive Grade II* HER MWI4946 remodelling in 1845 2 LEN 1021708 390265 163678 Memorial Extant Turner memorial in the churchyard. Chest tomb, Post-medieval Listed Building High Structure early C19, limestone with slate inscription panel, Grade II* to James Turner, date illegible 3 - 390363 163749 Melksham Conservation Area Conservation High Area 4 LEN 1021726 390221 164294 Public House Extant The Red Lion Public House. A row of attached Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure cottages, now a public house. This building Grade II represents the only remaining group of early C18 cottages in the street, the rest having been demolished or altered 5 LEN 1021744 390200 164286 Church Extant Baptist Church, formerly listed as Baptist Church Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 1487725 Structure Sunday School, 1776, restored 1879 Grade II 6 LEN 1021689 390265 164263 Public House Extant The Unicorn Public House. Pair of houses, now Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure a public house. Early C18 Grade II 7 LEN 1021690 390355 164276 House Extant Avon House, large house now offices, early C19 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 8 LEN 1193504 390347 164230 Boundary Extant Gate piers, gates and railings to front of Avon Post-medieval Listed Building Medium feature Structure House. Early C19, limestone ashlar gate-piers Grade II and dwarf walls, cast iron gates and spear- headed railings. 9 LEN 1364161 390376 164147 Bridge Extant Bridge over the River Avon. Road bridge, late Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C18, footpath on east side overhangs river and Grade II is supported on cutwaters 10 LEN 1021688 390386 164092 House Extant 23, 25 and 27 Bath Road. Group attached shops Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 1174506 Structure and houses. Late C19, eccentric Victorian style, Grade II good example of eccentric style shops with frontages intact. Shop interiors are C20 11 LEN 1021691 390442 164053 House Extant Shurnhold House. Early C18, renovation of Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure c.1900. Billiard room of c.1900 has large reused Grade II Tudor fireplace, provenance not known 12 LEN 1021748 390522 164036 Chapel Extant Ebenezer Strict Baptist Chapel. Dated 1835 on Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 1487730 Structure tablet in gable over door. Grade II 13 LEN 1364148 390512 163980 House Extant 4, 5 and 6 Union Street. Group of three cottages Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure in row, early C19. included as a good Grade II representative group of artisan cottages on this early C19 street. 14 LEN 1021739 390667 163963 House Extant 17, Lowbourne. Attached house in group, mid Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C19 Grade II 15 LEN 1021738 390665 163957 House Extant 15, 15a and 15b Lowbourne. Pair of attached Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure houses, now three, early to mid C19 Grade II 16 LEN 1364160 390466 163937 House Extant 29, Bank Street. Shop and house, early C19, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure included as a good Georgian building despite the Grade II C20 shopfront 17 LEN 1021687 390465 163916 House Extant 19, Bank Street. Shop and house, early C19, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C20 shopfront Grade II
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 18 LEN 1021686 390475 163909 Clubhouse Extant Melksham Conservative Club, 17 Bank Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Street.Early C19, Regency, flat roofed C20 Grade II extension to rear is not of interest 19 LEN 1364159 390469 163896 House Extant 13 and 15 Bank Street. Shop and house, late Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C18, included as a group with nos 7, 9 and 11 Grade II despite C20 shop fronts 20 LEN 1021685 390460 163882 House Extant 11, Bank Street. Shop and house, mid-late C18, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure included as part of good C18 group despite C20 Grade II shop front 21 LEN 1364158 390473 163873 House Extant Premises occupied by GA Edwards Far East Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 1211853 Structure Trading, 7 and 9 Bank Street. Shop and house, Grade II mid-late C18, included as part of good C18 group despite C20 shop front 22 LEN 1364168 390443 163950 Cottage Extant 36, Church Walk. Attached cottage, late C18 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 23 LEN 1021705 390436 163946 House Extant 34, Church Walk. Attached house, late C18 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 24 LEN 1286081 390380 163924 Cottage Extant 25, Church Walk. Detached cottage, early C18 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 25 LEN 1364167 390377 163903 House Extant York Guest House, 26a and 28 Church Walk. Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure House and rear wing, now a hotel, late C18 Grade II 26 LEN 1021704 390373 163885 House Extant 26, Church Walk. House attached to nos 24 and Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 26a, now part of hotel, early C18 Grade II 27 LEN 1021703 390365 163884 Cottage Extant 24, Church Walk. Cottage attached to no 26, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C18, Grade II 28 LEN 1364166 390358 163880 Cottage Extant 22, Church Walk. Pair of cottages, now cottage Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure attached to no 18, early C19 Grade II 29 LEN 1193628 390355 163874 Cottage Extant 18, Church walk and Vine House, 16 Church Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Walk. Two cottages, formerly one house in row, Grade II late C18 30 LEN 1021701 390341 163904 Cottage Extant 19 and 21 Church Walk. Pair of cottages, early Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C18 Grade II 31 LEN 1021700 390344 163890 Cottage Extant 17, Church Walk. Cottage at end of row, C17, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure rear of building used as a bakery in early C20 Grade II 32 LEN 1286079 390339 163884 Cottage Extant 11, 13 and 15 Church Walk. Group of three Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure cottages, late C18 Grade II 33 LEN 1364164 390328 163872 Cottage Extant 7 and 9 Church Walk. Pair of cottages, early C19 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 34 LEN 1193607 390317 163866 Cottage Extant 5, Church Walk. Cottage attached to no. 3, C16 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure with C17 and early c18 additions, originally a Grade II C16 house with gable end onto street, possibly part of a larger house. 35 LEN 1021699 390310 163862 Cottage Extant 3, Church Walk. Cottage attached to no. 5, C17 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure to C18 Grade II 36 LEN 1021702 390328 163847 Cottage Extant 6, 8 and 10 Church Walk. Group of three Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure cottages, late C18 Grade II 37 LEN 1364169 390323 163841 Barn Extant St Michaels Court. Tithe barn, now dwellings. Medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Circa C15, remodelled into a school in 1878. Grade II Now dwellings
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 38 LEN 1286084 390320 163839 Cottage Extant 4, Church Walk. Cottage in row, early C18, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure external treatment suggests possible timber- Grade II framed first floor 39 LEN 1364165 390319 163834 Cottage Extant 2, Church Walk. Cottage attached to No 4, late Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C18 Grade II 40 LEN 1286126 390323 163820 Cottage Extant 4 and 6 Canon Square. pair of attached Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure cottages, c. C16 to late C18, interior contains Grade II evidence of c16 building in form of pair of cruck trusses 41 LEN 1021695 390337 163816 House Extant 2, Canon Square. House, c. C16 to mid C18, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure single storey range to left is former open hall Grade II 42 LEN 1286123 390306 163777 House Extant 11, Canon Square. House, early C18 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 43 LEN 1021694 390322 163773 House Extant 7 and 9 Canon Square. Two attached houses, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure early to late C18 Grade II 44 LEN 1193525 390329 163773 House Extant 3, Canon Square. House, early to late C18, rear Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure has three Gothick pointed windows Grade II 45 LEN 1193854 390301 163771 Memorial Extant William Salter memorial, about 3m south of north Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure gates of to churchyard. Chest tomb, late c18, Grade II dates not legible 46 LEN 1021715 390301 163768 Memorial Extant Green memorial about 7m south of north gates Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure to churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, earliest Grade II date is 1777 47 LEN 1285981 390302 163767 Memorial Extant Sims memorial about 9m south of north gates to Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, Robert Sims Grade II died in 1771 48 LEN 1021717 390300 163765 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 9m south of north Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure gates to churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, Grade II inscriptions not legible 49 LEN 1193862 390300 163764 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 10m south of Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure north gates to churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, Grade II inscriptions not legible 50 LEN 1021714 390306 163764 Memorial Extant Harris memorial about 10m south of north gates Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure to churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, Sarah Grade II Harris died 1799 51 LEN 1193740 390316 163755 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 25m north of Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure chancel, chest tomb, late C18, inscriptions not Grade II legible 52 LEN 1021710 390318 163752 Memorial Extant Harris memorial in the churchyard about 23m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure north of chancel., chest tomb, early C19 but C18 Grade II style, earliest date is 1818 53 LEN 1285953 390304 163752 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 3m northwest of Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Fox memorial in churchyard, chest tomb, late Grade II C18, inscriptions not legible 54 LEN 1021712 390305 163748 Memorial Extant Fox memorial in the churchyard, chest tomb, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure early C19, William Fox died 1847 Grade II 55 LEN 1021716 390304 163750 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 2m NW of Fox Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure memorial in churchyard. Chest tomb, late C18, Grade II inscriptions not legible
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 56 LEN 1193896 390304 163750 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial about 2m NW of Fox Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure memorial in churchyard, chest tomb, late C18, Grade II inscriptions not legible 57 LEN 1364133 390291 163746 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard, chest Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure tomb, late C18, incumbent died 1775, evidence Grade II of a removed railed enclosure 58 LEN 1193749 390299 163744 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 4m north of the north aisle of the church. Chest Grade II tomb, late c18, inscriptions not legible 59 LEN 1021725 390306 163741 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 9m north of the north aisle of the church. Chest Grade II tomb, early C19, inscriptions not legible 60 LEN 1193745 390301 163738 Memorial Extant Springford memorial in the churchyard about 1m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure north of the chancel, chest tomb, late C18, Grade II Sarah Springford died 1780 61 LEN 1021711 390310 163733 Memorial Extant Winter memorial in the churchyard about 5m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure north of chancel, chest tomb, early C19 Grade II 62 LEN 1364137 390309 163735 Memorial Extant Hutton memorial in the churchyard about 9m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure north of north aisle. Chest tomb, late C18, Grade II inscription not legible 63 LEN 1193732 390306 163722 Memorial Extant Hutton memorial against east end of church, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure chest tomb, early C19 but in C18 style, Mary Grade II Hutton died 1806 64 LEN 1021724 390313 163720 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 11m east of the east ends of the church. Chest Grade II tomb, early C19, inscription not legible 65 LEN 1364146 390310 163702 Boundary Extant Gate piers and gates into churchyard, C18, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure limestone piers, cast-iron gates Grade II 66 LEN 1364171 390286 163708 Memorial Extant Williamson memorial in churchyard, chest tomb, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure late C18, Elizabeth Tinney died 1791 Grade II 67 LEN 1021709 390282 163713 Memorial Extant Watson memorial in the churchyard about 8m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure south of the Lady Chapel. Square tomb, early Grade II C19, James Watson died 1818 68 LEN 1193723 390260 163708 Memorial Extant Breach memorial in the churchyard about 12m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure south of the Lady Chapel. Chest tomb, mid C19 Grade II but in C18 style, Aaron Breach died 1834 69 LEN 1364136 390280 163723 Memorial Extant Nalder memorial about 0.5m south of south Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure aisle. Chest tomb, early c19, Thomas Nalder Grade II died 1827 70 LEN 1021722 390276 163724 Memorial Extant Bruges monument and railed enclosure against Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure south wall of south aisle. Square pedestal tomb Grade II in circular ailed enclosure, early C19, Thomas Bruges died 1835 71 LEN 1193921 390264 163734 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 6m west of church tower. Chest tomb, early C19, Grade II inscription not legible 72 LEN 1021721 390263 163736 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 7m west of church tower. Chest tomb, early C19, Grade II inscriptions not legible
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 73 LEN 1193921 390264 163734 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 6m west of the church tower. Chest tomb, early Grade II c19, inscription not legible 74 LEN 1364135 390262 163735 Memorial Extant Unidentifiable memorial in the churchyard about Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure 8m west of the church tower. Chest tomb, late Grade II c18, inscriptions not legible 75 LEN 1193930 390259 163735 Memorial Extant Newman memorial in the churchyard about 12m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure west of the church tower. Chest tomb, late C18, Grade II Anthony Newman died 1791 76 LEN 1364170 390271 163675 Memorial Extant Curnick memorial in the churchyard about 45m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure south of the Lady Chapel. Chest tomb, mid C19, Grade II earliest legible date is 1835 77 LEN 1021723 390288 163682 Memorial Extant Rutty memorial about 34m from south-east Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure corner of the Lady Chapel. Chest tomb, early Grade II C19, earliest date is 1821 78 LEN 1193959 390287 163681 Memorial Extant Maggs memorial in the churchyard about 35m Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure from south-east corner of the Lady Chapel. Grade II Chest tomb, mid C19, earliest date is 1836 79 LEN 1021706 390223 163707 House Extant The Grove. Detached house, late C18 to Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure earlyC19 Grade II 80 LEN 1021696 390226 163672 House Extant The Grange, 8 Canon Square. Vicarage now a Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure children's home. Late C17 house remodelled in Grade II 1877 81 LEN 1194671 389641 162488 Cottage Extant Berryfields Cottages. Pair of cottages, late C18 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure to early C19, good example of stone, late C18 Grade II artisans in unaltered condition 82 LEN 1194743 390091 161559 Cottage Extant Old Railway Farmhouse, The Siding. Pair of Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure cottages, late C18 to early C19. This building is Grade II said to have been a public house beside the Devizes branch of the GWR (dismantled) and is also on the east bank of the disused Wilts and Berkshire Canal 83 LEN 1021769 389888 161447 House Extant Outmarsh Farmhouse. Circa early C18 to early Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure C19, formerly L-plan of early C18; early C19 Grade II wing completes a rectangle, lean-to extension to the left is a former cheese room 84 LEN 1021763 389909 161017 Cottage Extant Wharf Cottage. Late C18, cottage on the south Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure bank of the Kennet and Avon Canal, with which Grade II it is contemporaneous 85 LEN 1021749 389679 160946 Aqueduct Extant Semington Aqueduct, carries the Kennet and Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 208101 Structure Avon Canal over Semington Brook. Late C18 to Grade II early C19 86 LEN 1252241 389680 160940 Aqueduct Extant Semington Aqueduct, carries the Kennet and Post-medieval Listed Building Medium EHA 208101 Structure Avon Canal over Semington Brook. Late C18 to Grade II early C19 87 LEN 1262320 389802 160792 Villa Extant Brook House. Villa, circa 1850. A good example Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure of an Italianate villa, probably built for a local Grade II industrial entrepreneur
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 88 LEN 1262378 389848 160762 Boundary Extant Railings and gate piers to front of Brook Cottage, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure early C19, cast-iron railings and limestone gate Grade II piers 89 LEN 1252322 389868 160769 House Extant Brook Cottage. Detached house, early C19 Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Grade II 90 LEN 1252240 389867 160754 Stable Extant Stable and carriage house at Brook Cottage. Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure Probably early c19 Grade II 91 LEN 1285783 390280 163592 House Extant Melksham House. Detached with side wing, Post-medieval Listed Building Medium Structure early C18 with C19 alterations. The house was Grade II built and owned by Sir Walter Long during the early C18 when stood within formal gardens and a small designed landscape. The building is now used as a venue for a number of sports and leisure activities. 92 HER EWI6907 389936 164163 Event Watching brief An archaeological watching brief was Undated None Negligible undertaken during groundworks associated with the construction of an Asda supermarket. Two heavily abraded sherds of undated pottery were recovered from floodplain deposits. No features were identified 93 HER MWI4962 390152 164270 Industrial site Documentary Site of the former Sawtell feather processing Post-medieval None Low works, believed to have originated in the later C19 and which closed during the late C20. Site now occupied by housing 94 HER MWI4963 390156 164131 Industrial site Documentary Site of former brass foundry, in use in the later Post-medieval None Low 19th century, which after closure became the garages of Wiltshire United Dairies 95 HER MWI4961 390313 164125 Industrial site Documentary Site of former dye-house of adjacent cloth mill. Post-medieval None Low This closed in 1888 along with the mill, and was subsequently occupied by Wiltshire United Dairies until 1900, when the dye -house was demolished and a large purpose-built condensery built on the site 96 HER MWI4958 390349 164075 Industrial site Documentary Site of former Ark cloth factory, in existence Post-medieval None Low between c.1751 and c.1865, when it is thought to have been demolished, clothmaking having ceased in the 1850s 97 HER MWI31372 390396 164013 Palaeochannel Natural A number of investigations were undertaken in None Unknown EHA 1158455 feature advance of development in this area. A number EHA 1530698 of possible palaeochannels were identified HER EWI3253 adjacent to the River Avon. The form of the HER EWI6906 channels suggest a relatively dynamic river HER EWI6905 system flowing out of Melksham 98 EHA 1438839 390400 164000 Palaeochannel Natural An archaeological evaluation undertaken at the None Low feature rear of the Bear Public House identified a small irregular palaeochannel 99 HER MWI4938 390470 163961 Settlement Documentary Medieval settlement of Melksham. It was Medieval None Low Melchesha in AD1086. Melksham was a substantial royal possession in 1066 and gave its name to a hundred Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 100 EHA 1059975 390500 163900 Hospital Extant Cottage hospital of 1895, now Melksham Labour Post-medieval None Low structure Club 101 HER MWI31373 390181 163807 Ditch Excavated Ditches, a post medieval water culvert and Early-medieval None Low HER EWI6906 Gully feature gullies containing Saxon pottery were revealed Post-medieval Culvert during archaeological evaluation 102 HER MWI4972 390100 163852 Findspot Spearhead Two undated spearheads found during bridge Undated None Low construction 103 EHA 867432 390101 163902 Findpot Pottery Rim sherd of Abingdon type Neolithic pottery Prehistoric None Low HER MWI4920 recovered from gravels during by-pass bridge construction 104 EHA 212246 390100 163900 Findpot Pottery Romano-British pottery fragments comprising Romano-British None Low HER MWI4928 the handle and neck of a ring-necked jug were found during by-pass bridge construction 105 HER MWI4922 390054 163887 Findspot Pottery Rim sherd of Abingdon type Neolithic pottery Prehistoric None Low recovered from gravels during by-pass bridge construction 106 EHA 867424 390013 163880 Findspot Metalwork Possible hoard of Late Bronze Age bronze and Prehistoric None Low HER MWI4923 iron artefacts found in 1972 during work on the by-pass. They were among material excavated for a river diversion channel connected with a new bridge over the River Avon. The objects comprised 3 socketed bronze spearheads, part of the blade of a bronze dirk and two iron socketed spearheads. The group was regarded as a late BA hoard Three bronze phalerae were later reported in the same area and are regarded as being part of the same hoard. These displayed ritual damage 107 HER MWI4919 390003 163816 Findspot Flint tool Large Palaeolithic flake with ochreous stain and Palaeolithic None Low retouch along one edge may be original 108 HER MWI1840 389900 163800 Findspot Flint tool Large Palaeolithic flake with ochreous stain and Palaeolithic None Low retouch along one edge may be original 109 EHA 1199349 389800 163800 Site Not known A Palaeolithic site was discovered during a Palaeolithic None Low watching brief at Melksham sewage treatment works 110 HER MWI4949 390288 163812 Site Documentary Site of the vicarage of St Michael's Church, until Medieval None Low 1220 part of Rectory Manor when it was detached from that estate along with the church. Although there is no evidence for a medieval building on the present site, it is known that the current building replaces an earlier one 111 EHA 867430 390310 163860 Findspot Pottery Two fragments of Romano-British pottery found. Romano-British None Negligible HER MWI4931 112 EHA 867428 390300 163700 Setttlement Documentary Probable area of Saxon settlement identified Early-medieval None Low around the present church in Melksham. During the medieval settlement expanded northwards
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 113 HER MWI4948 390210 163691 Manor Documentary The site is thought to be the centre of the former Early-medieval None Low Rectory manor or Canonhold. It was the Domesday holding of Rumbold the Priest. In 1200 the church and its holdings were granted to Salisbury Cathedral and by in 1220 all but the church and the vicarage house passed to the canons of the cathedral. In this way the estate avoided being broken up at the Dissolution and remained dean and chapter property until the 19th century. A 15th century tithe barn survives on the site 114 EHA 212232 390210 163680 Tithe barn Extant A tithe barn is said to be of 15th century date. It Medieval None Low structure has been considerably altered and adapted as an annexe to St Michael's School 115 EHA 1359640 389602 163953 Railway Extant Wiltshire Somerset and Weymouth Railway. a Post-medieval None Low Structure major branch line, constructed between 1848 an d1857. Converted to narrow gauge by 1874 116 EHA 992885 389574 163027 Ring ditch Cropmark Ring ditch visible as a parchmark on air Undated None Unknown HER MWI1923 photographs taken in 1984 117 EHA 992885 389591 162973 Ring ditch Cropmark Ring ditch visible as a parchmark on air Undated None Unknown HER MWI1922 photographs taken in 1984 118 EHA 992885 389540 162958 Ring ditch Cropmark Ring ditch visible as a parchmark on air Undated None Unknown HER MWI1921 photographs taken in 1984 119 EHA 992885 389574 162885 Ring ditch Cropmark Ring ditch with a rectangular enclosure annexed Undated None Unknown HER MWI1920 to it visible as a parchmark on air photographs taken in 1984 120 HER MWI1919 389444 162870 Ring ditch Cropmark Ring ditch with internal linear feature visible as a Undated None Unknown parchmark on air photographs taken in 1984 121 HER MWI1924 389643 162907 Enclosure Cropmark Rectangular enclosure which appears as an Undated None Unknown annexe to a ring ditch (Site 119). It is visible as parchmarks on air photographs taken in 1984 122 HER MWI1902 389375 162673 Enclosure Cropmark Part of a rectangular enclosure is visible on air Undated None Unknown photographs 123 HER MWI1875 389711 162504 Settlement Documentary Settlement with medieval origins known as Medieval None Low Bereghfeld in AD1286. Name interpreted as Hill or Barrow (Beorgh) but site doesn't appear to be on a hill. 124 HER MWI3632 390199 162814 Settlement Documentary Townsend farm. Farmstead with medieval Medieval None Low origins. Home of William atte Tounesende in AD1333 125 EHA 975884 390282 162669 Canal Dismantled Wiltshire and Berkshire Canal. A canal Post-medieval None Medium HER MWI9472 structure constructed in 1810 by William Whitworth extending from Semington, on the Kennet and Avon Canal, to Abingdon, on the River Thames, a distance of 51 with a total of 42 locks. Traffic on the canal ceased in 1906 and it was closed in 1914.
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 126 HER EWI5849 390457 162765 Event Evaluation Thirty five evaluation trenches were excavated None Negligible along the line of the proposed A350 Semington to Melksham diversion. No features of archaeological significance were discovered and a limited quantity of finds were recorded 127 HER MWI4926 390000 161800 Findspot Metalwork A Bronze Age unlooped palstave found Prehistoric None Negligible 128 HER MWI1910 389955 161839 Field system Earthwork Various features in two fields visible as Undated None Low earthworks, possibly a medieval field system 129 EHA 1423030 390200 161700 Gun Extant Second World War Type 28a anti-tank gun Modern None Low emplacement structure emplacement, with brick shuttering 130 EHA 1423031 390259 161552 Pillbox Extant Second World War Type 22 pillbox, shell proof Modern None Low Structure 131 HER MWI31389 389844 161524 Agricultural Extant The foundations of a small stone building were Post-medieval None Low building Structure revealed during groundwork, likely to be 19th century 132 EHA 1359738 389854 161558 Railway Dismantled Devizes Branch Railway. Joined the Weymouth Post-medieval None Low Structure line at Holt Junction, Devizes was dissatisfied that it had only a branch line and campaigned for a more direct connection with London, which was not provided until 1862. The whole line was dismantled following closure in 1966 133 EHA 502671 389900 161500 Station Demolished Semington Halt, site of railway station, opened in Post-medieval None Low structure 1857 and closed in 1966 134 HER MWI31390 389592 161548 Field system Earthworks An area of ridge and furrow was recorded during Medieval None Low replacement of the Holt to Semington water main. 135 HER MWI1912 389717 161445 Site Earthwork Circular earthwork, possibly a low mound, visible Undated None Unknown on air photographs 136 HER MWI31483 389773 161366 Pillbox Extant A Type 28a pillbox Modern None Low Structure 137 EHA 1423028 389972 161180 Gunpit Documentary The site of a Second World War 6-pounder Modern None Low gunpit 138 EHA 1423023 389692 160923 Cylinder Extant A Second World War concrete anti-tank cylinder Modern None Low MWI31482 Structure on the south bank of the K&A canal. Constructed from drainage pipes filled with concrete 139 EHA 1423022 389800 160900 Cylinder Extant Two Second World War anti-tank cylinders next Modern None Low Structure to Semington Brook 140 EHA 208067 389880 160820 Bridge Documentary Semington Bridge. Site of a C13 bridge, Medieval None Low recorded in the 18th century as having three arches. Now gone, current bridge on site built in 1947 141 HER MWI1911 389869 160967 Linear feature Earthwork Linear earthwork visible on air photographs Undated None Unknown 142 HER MWI4979 390115 160881 Enclosure Earthwork Rectangular enclosure visible on air photographs Undated None Unknown 143 EHA 867813 389819 161035 Canal Extant Kennet and Avon Canal. Authorised bv several Post-medieval None Medium Structure acts between 1794 and 1813 and extending 75.5 miles from the Thames at Reading to the Avon at Bath
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets
HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN STUDY AREA
Site HER/EHA/LEN Easting Northing Type Evidence Description Period Designation Significance No Reference 144 AC archaeology Field System Cropmarks Extensive areas of ridge and furrow cultivation Medieval None Low identified from examination of air photographs. In places there is evidence for trackways and headlands. In places low earthworks survive but much has been lost. Of probable medieval date 145 AC archaeology 389850 162308 Camp Air photograph Location of temporary accommodation for the Modern None Low servicemen working at RAF School of Instrument Training at Bowerhill. Appears to be a group of Nissen huts. The camp was replaced after the war by permanent housing (Berryfields) 146 AC archaeology 389772 162840 Temporary Air photograph A number of probable buildings with adjacent Modern None Unknown structure hard standing is shown on air photographs./ These are almost certainly associated with the military base during World War 2. They do not appear on maps or subsequent photographs. 147 AC archaeology 389777 162752 Building Extant A small brick and blockwork building, probably Modern None Low Structure associated with the Second World War activity in the area. Some later modifications. Now used as an agricultural building.
Appendix 2: Summary of heritage assets Appendix 3
AC archaeology ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs
Customer oblique listing - Obliques, Standard Order Customer enquiry reference number: 80199
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map What can you order? Photocopy Laser Photographic Digital copy copy copy ST 8960 / 1 NMR 4852 / 09 31 AUG 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 2 NMR 4852 / 10 31 AUG 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 3 NMR 4852 / 11 31 AUG 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 4 NMR 14957 / 22 12 JUL 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 5 NMR 14957 / 23 12 JUL 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 6 NMR 15059 / 01 31 AUG 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 9 NMR 15059 / 04 31 AUG 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 11 NMR 15059 / 06 31 AUG 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 12 NMR 4850 / 17 12 JUL 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 13 NMR 4850 / 18 12 JUL 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 14 NMR 4850 / 19 12 JUL 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 15 NMR 4850 / 20 12 JUL 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 16 NMR 4850 / 21 12 JUL 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 893602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 17 NMR 23780 / 05 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 895606 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 18 NMR 23780 / 06 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 894606 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 19 NMR 23780 / 07 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 897605 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 20 NMR 23780 / 08 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 897605 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 21 NMR 23693 / 02 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 35 mm ST 895606 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 22 NMR 23693 / 03 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 35 mm ST 896603 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 23 NMR 23693 / 04 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 35 mm ST 896602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 24 NMR 23693 / 05 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 35 mm ST 897602 Y Y Y Y ST 8960 / 25 NMR 23693 / 06 13 JAN 2005 Colour neg 35 mm ST 897603 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 1 NMR 4678 / 24 13 AUG 1990 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 895625 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 2 NMR 4678 / 25 13 AUG 1990 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 895625 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 3 NMR 4678 / 26 13 AUG 1990 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 895625 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 4 NMR 4678 / 27 13 AUG 1990 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 895625 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 6 NMR 27595 / 46 06 SEP 2012 Digital colour 35 mm ST 891629 Y Y Y Y ST 8962 / 7 NMR 27595 / 47 06 SEP 2012 Digital colour 35 mm ST 891629 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 1 NMR 23136 / 12 24 JUN 2003 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 891632 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 2 NMR 23136 / 13 24 JUN 2003 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 891632 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 3 NMR 23114 / 27 24 JUN 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 891633 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 4 NMR 23114 / 28 24 JUN 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 891632 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 5 NMR 23114 / 29 24 JUN 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 891632 Y Y Y Y ST 8963 / 6 NMR 23114 / 30 24 JUN 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 891632 Y Y Y Y
18 July 2013 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.2 ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs
Full single listing - Verticals, Standard order Customer enquiry reference: 80199 Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre point Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in inches) Film number position number quality length held by (in inches)
RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3058 P ST 899 598 1 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3083 P ST 897 645 2 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3084 P ST 904 645 2 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3181 P ST 905 621 3 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3182 P ST 899 621 3 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3183 P ST 892 621 3 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 FS 2036 P ST 899 644 13 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 FS 2037 P ST 903 644 13 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RS 4036 P ST 894 623 27 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RS 4037 P ST 898 622 27 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RS 4038 P ST 903 621 27 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RV 6037 P ST 895 598 38 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RV 6038 P ST 900 597 38 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RV 6190 P ST 899 617 39 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5295 P ST 904 624 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5296 P ST 903 627 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5297 P ST 903 629 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5298 P ST 902 632 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5299 P ST 901 634 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5300 P ST 901 637 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5301 P ST 900 640 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 V 5302 P ST 899 643 23 11 MAR 1948 A 5000 14 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/3021 2300 F21 44 P ST 897 600 3 14 JUL 1959 AC 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/3021 2300 F21 45 P ST 902 599 3 14 JUL 1959 AC 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/3860 2340 F22 966 N ST 899 609 12 13 JUN 1967 A 10600 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/3860 2340 F22 967 N ST 891 609 12 13 JUN 1967 A 10600 36 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/540/958 3026 RP 3120 P ST 900 630 5 01 DEC 1952 AB 11000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/540/958 3026 RP 3121 P ST 894 629 5 01 DEC 1952 AB 11000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/540/958 3026 RP 3240 P ST 908 615 7 01 DEC 1952 AB 11000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3158 P ST 901 604 12 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR
18 July 2013 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.1 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3159 P ST 898 604 12 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3160 P ST 894 604 12 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4159 P ST 902 621 10 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4160 P ST 899 621 10 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4161 P ST 896 621 10 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/376 3665 RP 3098 P ST 906 631 7 13 JUN 1945 AC 10500 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/376 3665 RP 3099 P ST 902 623 7 13 JUN 1945 AC 10500 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/376 3665 RP 3100 P ST 897 615 7 13 JUN 1945 AC 10500 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/376 3665 RP 3101 P ST 894 606 7 13 JUN 1945 AC 10500 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/376 3665 RS 4098 P ST 889 641 18 13 JUN 1945 AC 10500 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/1877 3860 F22 56 P ST 902 601 7 29 SEP 1955 AC 15000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/1877 3860 F22 57 P ST 893 601 7 29 SEP 1955 AC 15000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 154 P ST 905 607 2 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 155 P ST 899 607 2 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 156 P ST 893 607 2 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 181 P ST 896 619 3 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 182 P ST 901 619 3 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 224 P ST 901 630 4 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 225 P ST 895 630 4 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 249 P ST 898 642 5 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70119 10585 V 250 P ST 904 642 5 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70120 10586 V 73 P ST 896 620 1 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/70120 10586 V 74 P ST 901 620 1 18 MAY 1970 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 5 P ST 892 604 1 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 6 P ST 900 604 1 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 28 P ST 901 619 2 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 29 P ST 894 619 2 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 37 P ST 897 630 3 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 38 P ST 904 630 3 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 58 P ST 904 644 4 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85029 10702 V 59 P ST 896 644 4 24 APR 1985 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/71081 11263 V 10 P ST 903 638 2 14 APR 1971 A 6000 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/63084 11489 V 28 P ST 893 605 1 02 JUN 1963 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67217 11492 V 47 P ST 906 627 7 15 JUN 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67217 11492 V 48 P ST 899 627 7 15 JUN 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67217 11492 V 49 P ST 892 627 7 15 JUN 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67218 11493 V 5 P ST 897 638 1 15 JUN 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR
18 July 2013 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.1 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs OS/67218 11493 V 6 P ST 903 638 1 15 JUN 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 6 N ST 895 605 1 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 7 N ST 902 605 1 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 48 N ST 900 617 2 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 53 N ST 898 631 3 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 54 N ST 905 631 3 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 85 N ST 902 643 4 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/89094 11804 V 86 N ST 896 642 4 28 APR 1989 A 7900 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RAF/543/3859 15228 F21 956 P ST 908 632 15 13 JUN 1967 A 10600 36 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RAF/543/3859 15228 F22 990 P ST 891 611 32 13 JUN 1967 A 10600 36 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RAF/543/3859 15228 F22 991 P ST 900 612 32 13 JUN 1967 A 10600 36 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/98437 15429 V 5261 P ST 893 629 6 17 SEP 1998 A 8800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/98437 15429 V 5262 P ST 901 629 6 17 SEP 1998 A 8800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/98437 15429 V 5291 P ST 899 615 7 17 SEP 1998 A 8800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/98437 15429 V 5320 P ST 900 602 8 17 SEP 1998 A 8800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/98437X 15430 V 5985 P ST 896 603 4 23 SEP 1998 A 8800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00977 15745 V 816 N ST 893 606 1 14 MAY 2000 A 7500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR ADA/776Z 26988 V 133 N ST 898 609 2 17 APR 2001 A 8500 6 Colour 9 x 9 NMR ADA/776Z 26988 V 134 N ST 898 616 2 17 APR 2001 A 8500 6 Colour 9 x 9 NMR ADA/776Z 26988 V 135 N ST 898 625 2 17 APR 2001 A 8500 6 Colour 9 x 9 NMR Total sorties 22 Total images 87
18 July 2013 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.1 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs
ST 8964 / 1 WTC 19044 / 289 AER 1977 Black& white Unknown ST 894643 Y Y N Y ST 8964 / 2 HAW 9404 / 33 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 899642 Y Y Y Y ST 8964 / 3 AFL 60833 / EPW041316 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 898640 N N Y Y ST 8964 / 4 AFL 60833 / EPW041317 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 899644 N N Y Y ST 8964 / 5 AFL 60833 / EPW041318 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 899644 N N Y Y ST 9063 / 1 NMR 18167 / 07 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 904636 Y Y Y Y ST 9063 / 2 NMR 18084 / 32 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 904636 Y Y Y Y ST 9063 / 3 NMR 18084 / 33 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 904636 Y Y Y Y ST 9063 / 4 NMR 18084 / 34 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 904636 Y Y Y Y ST 9063 / 5 AFL 60833 / EPW041314 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 903632 N N Y Y ST 9063 / 6 AFL 60833 / EPW041315 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 904633 N N Y Y ST 9063 / 7 AFL 60874 / EPW048384 JUL 1935 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 904632 N N Y Y ST 9063 / 8 AFL 60874 / EPW048385 JUL 1935 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 906634 N N Y Y ST 9064 / 1 NMR 14936 / 05 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 2 NMR 14936 / 06 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 902641 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 3 NMR 14936 / 07 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 902641 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 4 NMR 14936 / 08 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 5 NMR 14936 / 09 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 YYY Y ST 9064 / 6 NMR 14936 / 10 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 YYY Y ST 9064 / 7 NMR 14936 / 11 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 YYY Y ST 9064 / 8 NMR 14936 / 12 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 903641 YYY Y ST 9064 / 9 NMR 4817 / 31 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 904643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 10 NMR 4817 / 32 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 11 NMR 4817 / 33 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 12 NMR 4817 / 34 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 13 NMR 4817 / 35 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 904643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 14 NMR 18167 / 08 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 15 NMR 18167 / 09 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 16 NMR 18167 / 10 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 17 NMR 18167 / 11 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 18 NMR 18167 / 12 09 OCT 1998 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 19 NMR 18084 / 35 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 20 NMR 18084 / 36 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 21 NMR 18084 / 37 09 OCT 1998 Colour neg 35 mm ST 903644 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 22 HAW 9404 / 23 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903642 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 23 HAW 9404 / 24 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 24 HAW 9404 / 25 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 25 HAW 9404 / 26 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 26 HAW 9404 / 27 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903643 Y Y Y Y ST 9064 / 31 HAW 9404 / 32 AR 24 MAY 1959 Black& white Sheet film ST 903644 Y Y Y Y
18 July 2013 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.2 ENGLISH HERITAGE : NATIONAL MONUMENTS RECORD Air Photographs
ST 9064 / 42 AFL 60833 / EPW041326 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 903643 NYN Y ST 9064 / 43 AFL 60833 / EPW041327 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 903644 NYN Y ST 9064 / 44 AFL 60833 / EPW041328 MAY 1933 BW Glass Plate 5"x4" ST 903643 NYYN Total 77 records
18 July 2013 Enquiry ref: 80199 - © English Heritage. NMR Rep. 1.2 Ver. 2.2 Wiltshire Office Devon Office
AC archaeology Ltd AC archaeology Ltd Manor Farm Stables Unit 4, Halthaies Workshops Chicklade Bradninch Hindon Nr Exeter Nr Salisbury Devon Wiltshire EX5 4LQ SP3 5SU
Telephone: 01747 820581 Telephone/Fax: 01392 882410 Fax: 01747 820440
www.acarchaeology.co.uk