DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of the Neighborhood Fast Food Environment in Weight Status

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of the Neighborhood Fast Food Environment in Weight Status The Role of the Neighborhood Fast Food Environment in Weight Status of Inner-City Children Ofira Schwartz-Soicher Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Ofira Schwartz-Soicher All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Role of the Neighborhood Fast Food Environment in Weight Status of Inner-City Children Ofira Schwartz-Soicher In the past three decades prevalence of obesity has increased substantively in the US and has reached epidemic proportions both among adults and among children. Childhood obesity is of significant concern because it is associated with childhood morbidity, adverse social outcomes and may be associated with life-long implications. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in understanding the possible role of local food environment in shaping individual's behavior in ways that may encourage food consumption and affect weight status. This study examines whether fast food availability at the residential neighborhood may explain children's risk for obesity. Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, a population-based panel data of urban children and their families, were linked to locations of fast food outlets. Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analytic techniques and numerous robustness checks, I find no discernible effect of exposure to fast food at the residential neighborhood on children's weight. Policies designed to reduce accessibility to fast food in children's residential neighborhood may not be effective in the effort to fight the childhood obesity epidemic. Table of Contents Index of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. i Index of Figures.......................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... vii Dedication ................................................................................................................................................. viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Background ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Trends and Consequences of Childhood Obesity ............................................................................... 3 2.2 Defining Overweight and Obesity ...................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Causes of Childhood Obesity .............................................................................................................. 4 2.3.1 Child Characteristics and Risk Factors ................................................................................. 4 2.3.2 Family Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Built Environment ............................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3.1 Fast Outlets ................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.3.1.1 Fast Food Restaurants ......................................................................................... 11 3. Data ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 3.1. Data Sources .................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Measures of Fast Food ..................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1. Fast Food Establishments Variables ................................................................................... 18 3.2.2. Geocoding Fast Food Establishments ................................................................................ 21 3.3. Outcome Variables ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.1. BMI z-scores ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.2. Obesity ............................................................................................................................... 26 3.4. Confounding Covariates ................................................................................................................... 26 3.5. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Contextual Covariates ..................................................................... 27 i 4. Analytic Strategy ................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1. Cross-Sectional Analytic Strategy .................................................................................................. 29 4.2. Change Models Analytic Strategy .................................................................................................. 32 5. Results .................................................................................................................................................... 35 5.1. Sample Description ......................................................................................................................... 36 5.2. Cross-Sectional Analyses Results ................................................................................................... 37 5.3. Sensitivity Analyses ........................................................................................................................ 47 5.4. Change Models Analyses Results ................................................................................................... 49 6. Discussion............................................................................................................................................... 56 6.1. Summary of Results ........................................................................................................................ 56 6.2. Strengths and Limitations ............................................................................................................... 57 6.3. Policy Implications ......................................................................................................................... 60 References .................................................................................................................................................. 62 Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 Appendix .................................................................................................................................................... 92 ii Index of Tables Table 1. Child, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics - Fragile Families Year 9 ..............68 Table 2. Child, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics in High (≥8,320 people per square mile) and Low (<8,320 people per square mile) Population Density Census Tracts ...70 Table 3. Density of Fast Food Restaurants about Residential Addresses, Full Sample and Stratified by Obese and Normal Weight ....................................................................................72 Table 4. Density of Fast Food Restaurants, Full Sample and Stratified by High (≥8,320 people per square mile) and Low (<8,320 people per square mile) Population Density ..73 Table 5. Coefficients from OLS Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of "Fast Food E.I.D.C" at 1-Kilometer Network Buffer and Year 9 BMI z-score ....................................................................................................................................................74 Table 6. Coefficients from OLS Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of "Fast Food E.I.D.C" at 1-, 2-, 3- and 5- Kilometer Network Buffer and Year 9 BMI z-score ........................................................................................................76 Table 7. Coefficients from OLS Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of Fast Food and Year 9 BMI z-score .................................................................78 Table 8. Odds Ratios from Logistic Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of "Fast Food E.I.D.C." at 1-Kilometer Network Buffer and Year 9 Obesity ...79 Table 9. Coefficients from OLS Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of "Fast Food E.I.D.C." at 1-Kilometer Network Buffer and Year 9 BMI z- score in High and Low Population Density Census Tracts .............................................81 Table 10. Coefficients from OLS Regression Models Estimating the Association between Density of Fast Food and Year 9 BMI z-score in Families who Own or Lease a Car ......83 Table 11. Coefficients from OLS Regression
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Performance. Unstoppable
    UNSTOPPABLE GLOBAL POWER. PERFORMANCE. TO TAKE A QUANTUM LEAP IS TO ADVANCE A GREAT DEAL IN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME. AND THAT’S EXACTLY WHAT QUANTUM PARK PREPARES TODAY’S LEADING ENTERPRISES TO DO. SECURE. FLEXIBLE. POWERFUL. This Class A, amenity-rich space provides this generation’s pioneering companies and government agencies with maximum security, flexibility and power on a controlled site situated north of the Dulles Greenway on the Loudoun County Parkway. Capitalize on this unique, scalable opportunity. 7 LEESBURG 7 ROCKVILLE LOCATED IN THE ASHBURN 267 7 POTOMAC WORLD’S 495 Future STERLING Metro Station Route 772 SILVER SPRING PREEMINENT 495 BETHESDA 7 HERNDON DATA CENTER 267 MARKET Dulles RESTON 495 International Airport 267 WASHINGTON THE POWER TO GIVE YOU MORE: TYSONS 66 66 66 ARLINGTON 495 66 395 395 66 495 A PROMINENT CONNECTIVITY/ 66 A PLACE IN THE 495 495 PRESENCE IN DATA LATENCY EXPANDING SCIENCE CENTER ALLEY Quantum Park has access AND TECHNOLOGY to virtually all major fiber CORRIDOR Northern Virginia is the providers with multiple points nation’s most active data of site entry and diverse Loudoun County is home to center market with nearly routes to Equinix DC2 (The 25% of the national demand. the largest Internet exchange Premier Global Peering point in the world and acts Ashburn is at the market Point). epicenter, due to it being as a magnet for an extremely located 1.5 miles from Equinix proficient workforce. DC2 (The Premier Global Peering Point). 7 LEESBURG 7 ROCKVILLE ASHBURN 267 7 POTOMAC 495 Future STERLING Metro Station Route 772 SILVER SPRING 495 BETHESDA 7 HERNDON 267 Dulles RESTON 495 International Airport 267 TYSONS 66 WASHINGTON 66 66 ARLINGTON 495 66 395 395 66 495 66 495 495 A LOCATION WITH NO BOUNDS Quantum Park tenants enjoy convenient access to one of the nation’s premier transportation systems along with an array of nearby destinations.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Discount Card Flyer
    UP TO #1 DISCOUNT 93% PROFIT! CARD IN AMERICA NO MONEY UP FRONT! ITʼS AS EASY AS Fill out your local merchant wish list on the back of this flyer and fax it to your local ABC Fundraising® distributor. ABC Fundraising® then calls the merchants and creates your discount card with a minimum of 15 great offers. Receive your cards within 4-6 weeks of faxing your wish list. MERCHANT WISH LIST “You dream it...We’ll create it” Organization Town(s) Sponsor Name Zip: Sponsor Email State: Search Metro Suburb Rural Multi Town/Cities 2-3 Miles 5-7 Miles 7-15+ Miles 10-15 Miles Sponsor Phone # of Cards Area Instructions: PROVIDE A MINIMUM OF 60 possible merchants (list 20+ Loca l and circle 40+ National/Regional merchant s below) These merchants should be within the listed mileage above based on your area type checked above. We guarantee a minimum of 15 merchant s. Thi s Merchan t Wish List is Only a Guide, individuallocati onsma ybe cor poratelyown edor indi vidually franchised and may chooseNo t To Participate in your local area. We Reserve The Right To Determine FinalMerchants . “Suggested National & Regional Merchants” (circle below) Add additional regional merchants from your area NOT listed in the local list : Local Merchants (Contact Name – If Known) FAST FOOD A & W Burger King Culvers Jack in the Box McDonald’s Quiznos Subway 1 Arby’s Carl’s Jr. Einstein Bros. Jimmy John’s Mr. Goodcents Rally’s Taco Bell Arthur Treachers Checkers Fazolis Johnny Rockets Panda Express Roy Rogers Taco Johns 2 Bagel Time Chick-l-A El Pollo Loco KFC Panera Sbarro ’s Wendy’s Big Apple Bagel Chipotle Five Guys Lee’s Famous Chicken Penn Station Sub Schlotzsky White Castle 3 Blimpie Church’s Great Steak & Potato Long John Silvers Popeyes Chicken Sonic Wingstop Boston Market Cousin’s Sub Steak-N-Shake 4 Hardee’s Manhattan Bagel Potbelly’s PIZZA CA Pizza Kitchen Cici’s Pizz Domino’s Donato’s Godfather’s Pizza Hungry Howie’s Pizza Little Caesar Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • National Retailer & Restaurant Expansion Guide Spring 2016
    National Retailer & Restaurant Expansion Guide Spring 2016 Retailer Expansion Guide Spring 2016 National Retailer & Restaurant Expansion Guide Spring 2016 >> CLICK BELOW TO JUMP TO SECTION DISCOUNTER/ APPAREL BEAUTY SUPPLIES DOLLAR STORE OFFICE SUPPLIES SPORTING GOODS SUPERMARKET/ ACTIVE BEVERAGES DRUGSTORE PET/FARM GROCERY/ SPORTSWEAR HYPERMARKET CHILDREN’S BOOKS ENTERTAINMENT RESTAURANT BAKERY/BAGELS/ FINANCIAL FAMILY CARDS/GIFTS BREAKFAST/CAFE/ SERVICES DONUTS MEN’S CELLULAR HEALTH/ COFFEE/TEA FITNESS/NUTRITION SHOES CONSIGNMENT/ HOME RELATED FAST FOOD PAWN/THRIFT SPECIALTY CONSUMER FURNITURE/ FOOD/BEVERAGE ELECTRONICS FURNISHINGS SPECIALTY CONVENIENCE STORE/ FAMILY WOMEN’S GAS STATIONS HARDWARE CRAFTS/HOBBIES/ AUTOMOTIVE JEWELRY WITH LIQUOR TOYS BEAUTY SALONS/ DEPARTMENT MISCELLANEOUS SPAS STORE RETAIL 2 Retailer Expansion Guide Spring 2016 APPAREL: ACTIVE SPORTSWEAR 2016 2017 CURRENT PROJECTED PROJECTED MINMUM MAXIMUM RETAILER STORES STORES IN STORES IN SQUARE SQUARE SUMMARY OF EXPANSION 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS FEET FEET Athleta 46 23 46 4,000 5,000 Nationally Bikini Village 51 2 4 1,400 1,600 Nationally Billabong 29 5 10 2,500 3,500 West Body & beach 10 1 2 1,300 1,800 Nationally Champs Sports 536 1 2 2,500 5,400 Nationally Change of Scandinavia 15 1 2 1,200 1,800 Nationally City Gear 130 15 15 4,000 5,000 Midwest, South D-TOX.com 7 2 4 1,200 1,700 Nationally Empire 8 2 4 8,000 10,000 Nationally Everything But Water 72 2 4 1,000 5,000 Nationally Free People 86 1 2 2,500 3,000 Nationally Fresh Produce Sportswear 37 5 10 2,000 3,000 CA
    [Show full text]
  • Local Business Database Local Business Database: Alphabetical Listing
    Local Business Database Local Business Database: Alphabetical Listing Business Name City State Category 111 Chop House Worcester MA Restaurants 122 Diner Holden MA Restaurants 1369 Coffee House Cambridge MA Coffee 180FitGym Springfield MA Sports and Recreation 202 Liquors Holyoke MA Beer, Wine and Spirits 21st Amendment Boston MA Restaurants 25 Central Northampton MA Retail 2nd Street Baking Co Turners Falls MA Food and Beverage 3A Cafe Plymouth MA Restaurants 4 Bros Bistro West Yarmouth MA Restaurants 4 Family Charlemont MA Travel & Transportation 5 and 10 Antique Gallery Deerfield MA Retail 5 Star Supermarket Springfield MA Supermarkets and Groceries 7 B's Bar and Grill Westfield MA Restaurants 7 Nana Japanese Steakhouse Worcester MA Restaurants 76 Discount Liquors Westfield MA Beer, Wine and Spirits 7a Foods West Tisbury MA Restaurants 7B's Bar and Grill Westfield MA Restaurants 7th Wave Restaurant Rockport MA Restaurants 9 Tastes Cambridge MA Restaurants 90 Main Eatery Charlemont MA Restaurants 90 Meat Outlet Springfield MA Food and Beverage 906 Homwin Chinese Restaurant Springfield MA Restaurants 99 Nail Salon Milford MA Beauty and Spa A Child's Garden Northampton MA Retail A Cut Above Florist Chicopee MA Florists A Heart for Art Shelburne Falls MA Retail A J Tomaiolo Italian Restaurant Northborough MA Restaurants A J's Apollos Market Mattapan MA Convenience Stores A New Face Skin Care & Body Work Montague MA Beauty and Spa A Notch Above Northampton MA Services and Supplies A Street Liquors Hull MA Beer, Wine and Spirits A Taste of Vietnam Leominster MA Pizza A Turning Point Turners Falls MA Beauty and Spa A Valley Antiques Northampton MA Retail A.
    [Show full text]
  • Campbell Annual Report Fiscal Year 2018 to 2019
    Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit ANNUAL REPORT FY 2018-2019 NPDES Permit No. CAS612008 (Order R2-2015-0049) City of Campbell Submitted September 30, 2019 FY 2018-2019 Annual Report Permittee Name: City of Campbell Table of Contents Section Page Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. A-1 Section 1 – Permittee Information ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 Section 2 – Provision C.2 Municipal Operations..................................................................................................... 2-1 Section 3 – Provision C.3 New Development and Redevelopment .................................................................... 3-1 Section 4 – Provision C.4 Industrial and Commercial Site Controls ...................................................................... 4-1 Section 5 – Provision C.5 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination .................................................................. 5-1 Section 6 – Provision C.6 Construction Site Controls.............................................................................................. 6-1 Section 7 – Provision C.7 Public Information and Outreach ................................................................................. 7-1 Section 8 – Provision C.8 Water Quality Monitoring..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Restaurant Sales I 78 Percent of Adults Who Agree That Going out to Generates 34 Jobs for the Economy
    This page intentionally left blank Foodservice Management Principles and Practices This page intentionally left blank TWELFTH EDITION Foodservice Management Principles and Practices JUNE PAYNE-PALACIO Pepperdine University MONICA THEIS University of Wisconsin–Madison Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Vernon R. Anthony Operations Specialist: Deidra Skahill Senior Acquisitions Editor: William Lawrensen Senior Art Director: Diane Y. Ernsberger Editorial Assistant: Lara Dimmick Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana Director of Marketing: David Gesell Cover Art: Dreamstime and Fotolia Senior Marketing Manager: Thomas Hayward Full-Service Project Management: Aptara®, Inc. Senior Marketing Coordinator: Alicia Wozniak Composition: Aptara®, Inc. Marketing Assistant: Les Roberts Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Senior Managing Editor: Alexandrina Benedicto Wolf Cover Printer: LeHigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Project Manager: Kris Roach Text Font: TimesNewRomanPS Senior Operations Supervisor: Pat Tonneman Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Credits for the chapter opener images are as follows: Chapter 02: Erwinova/Shutterstock; Chapter 03: Bork/Shutterstock; Chapter 04: Scott David Patterson/Shutterstock; Chapter 05: Neffalis/Shutterstock;
    [Show full text]
  • Frequently Asked Questions
    Frequently Asked Questions Minister’s Getaway FAQs What is the purpose of this retreat? Oakridge’s intention is to provide a quiet and clean place for ministers and their families to come relax and refresh. We will do our best to give you comfortable lodging, a warm welcome, and enough space to clear your head and seek renewed vision for your local ministry. We hope you find your stay to be restful and quiet, and will provide you with minimal recreational activities and interaction so that you can be alone with our Lord, His Word and nature. How much does it cost? If you are a senior minister at your church, Oakridge is blessed to be able to offer you this getaway for free (up to two nights lodging). If you are a minister at your local church, but not the senior pastor, we are able to offer lodging at 50% discount. This means that rental fees for your stay will be $30 for the getaway cabin, and $50 for the getaway motel. Other expenses might include additional nights’ lodging, meals provided at the camp dining hall, or some camp activities. Where will I stay? We currently have two lodging options for our Minister’s Getaway offer. The first is our getaway cabin, which has one double bed, sleeping 1-2 people. The second is our getaway motel, which has 2 double beds and 2 hide-a-beds, sleeping up to 8 people. Families with more members than this can inquire about other lodging options. Each room has linens & towels; full bath; window AC & space heat; monitor with DVD player, a couch, and a table with chairs.
    [Show full text]
  • KEY: CM = CROWD MANAGER ENT = ENTERTAINMENT JI = JOINT INSPECTIONS LL = LIQUOR LIABILITY WC = WORKERS COMPENSATION Licensee Name
    12/7/2015 2016 LICENSE RENEWALS KEY: CM = CROWD MANAGER ENT = ENTERTAINMENT JI = JOINT INSPECTIONS LL = LIQUOR LIABILITY WC = WORKERS COMPENSATION Licensee Name Licensee Mailing Address CONTINGENCIES I MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE 2016 ALL ALCOHOL CLUB LICENSES WITH THE CONTIGENCIES AS LISTED: American Legion Post 313 90 Groton Road JI Chelmsford Lodge of Elks No. 2310 300 Littleton Road JI I MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE 2016 ALL ALCOHOL INN HOLDER LICENSES WITH THE CONTIGENCIES AS LISTED: Best Western Chelmsford Inn 187 Chelmsford Street JI Radisson Heritage Hotel 10 Independence Drive JI I MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE 2016 ALL ALCOHOL PACKAGE STORE LICENSES WITH THE CONTIGENCIES AS LISTED: Cask & Bottle 313 Littleton Rd Corner Cupboard Store 149 Gorham Street Drum Hill Liquor Mart, Inc. 83 Parkhurst Road Harrington Wine & Liquors 10 Summer Street The Wine Rack 210 Boston Road Westland Wine & Spirits 229 Chelmsford Street I MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE 2016 ALL ALCOHOL RESTAURANT LICENSES WITH THE CONTIGENCIES AS LISTED: Apple New England, LLC d.b.a. Applebee's 50 Drum Hill Road JI Aprile's European Restaurant 75 Princeton Street JI Bertucci's Brick Oven Pizzeria 14E Littleton Road Brickhouse Center Brick House Pizza, Inc. One Central Square Courthouse Pub 5Courthouse Lane LL, WC, CM, JI Feng Shui 285 Chelmsford Street Fish Bones 34 Central Square Glenview Pub & Grill 248 Princeton Boulevard JI HONG & KONG RESTAURANT, INC. 32 Alpine Lane TIPS update class on 12/8/15 Kastore Restaurant 100 Tyngsboro Road JI Madras Grill 7 Summer Street, Units 31 & 32 JI Moonstones 185 Chelmsford Street NoBo Restaurant 20 Boston Rd JI Omega Pizzeria & Grille 170 Concord Road JI Pho Dalat Restaurant 131 Drum Hill Road JI Princeton Station 147 Princeton Street JI Rufina's l70 Concord Road JI Shi Sushi, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Restaurant Trends App
    RESTAURANT TRENDS APP For any restaurant, Understanding the competitive landscape of your trade are is key when making location-based real estate and marketing decision. eSite has partnered with Restaurant Trends to develop a quick and easy to use tool, that allows restaurants to analyze how other restaurants in a study trade area of performing. The tool provides users with sales data and other performance indicators. The tool uses Restaurant Trends data which is the only continuous store-level research effort, tracking all major QSR (Quick Service) and FSR (Full Service) restaurant chains. Restaurant Trends has intelligence on over 190,000 stores in over 500 brands in every market in the United States. APP SPECIFICS: • Input: Select a point on the map or input an address, define the trade area in minute or miles (cannot exceed 3 miles or 6 minutes), and the restaurant • Output: List of chains within that category and trade area. List includes chain name, address, annual sales, market index, and national index. Additionally, a map is provided which displays the trade area and location of the chains within the category and trade area PRICE: • Option 1 – Transaction: $300/Report • Option 2 – Subscription: $15,000/License per year with unlimited reporting SAMPLE OUTPUT: CATEGORIES & BRANDS AVAILABLE: Asian Flame Broiler Chicken Wing Zone Asian honeygrow Chicken Wings To Go Asian Pei Wei Chicken Wingstop Asian Teriyaki Madness Chicken Zaxby's Asian Waba Grill Donuts/Bakery Dunkin' Donuts Chicken Big Chic Donuts/Bakery Tim Horton's Chicken
    [Show full text]
  • Weekend Edition Brightening up the Neighborhood Page 3 Bye, Bye Summer Page 19
    INSIDE SCOOP LOCAL WEEKEND EDITION BRIGHTENING UP THE NEIGHBORHOOD PAGE 3 BYE, BYE SUMMER PAGE 19 Visit us online at smdp.com WEEKEND EDITION, AUGUST 25-26, 2007 Volume 6 Issue 243 Santa Monica Daily Press BACK TO SCHOOL ‘07 SEE SPECIAL INSERT Since 2001: A news odyssey THE GETTING SCHOOLED ISSUE Photo by Christine Chang [email protected]; Photo illustration by Frances Casareno [email protected] IZZY’S DELI BEST ON THE WESTSIDE GABY SCHKUD SIZZLING SUMMER SPECIALS SINCE 1972 COMPLETE DINNERS $10.95 MUSIC LESSONS (310)586-0308 SERVED 4PM-10PM INSTRUMENTAL & VOICE 1433 WILSHIRE BLVD AT 15TH ST. (310) 453-1928 The name you can depend on! 1901 Santa Monica Blvd. in Santa Monica www.12113navy.com 310-394-1131 OPEN 24 HOURS www.santamonicamusic.com Calendar Eddie Says... Better To Be Safe 2 WEEKEND EDITION, AUGUST 25-26, 2007 A newspaper with issues Than Sorry! summer JEWELRY REPAIR CHECK LIST 1920 Santa Monica Blvd. (Corner of 20th & Santa Monica Blvd.) Have jewelry cleaned & checked FREE* K (310) 829-9597 Hours: 6:30am - 10:00pm Daily K Have watch battery checked FREE K Jewelry and watch repair estimates FREE K Have gemstone settings checked K Have bracelet clasps checked K Have watch battery changed K Have pearls restrung K New watch band K Have insurance appraisal updated Catch a presentation & some BBQ, bra K Have watch serviced 1621 Abbot Kinney, Venice, 12:30 p.m. Surfrider Foundation co-founder Glenn Hening will deliver his presentation titled “Modern Surfing: A Business, A Contact Sport, or a Religion?” at the K Update and redesign old jewelry QuikSilverEdition Mission on Abbot Kinney in Venice Beach.
    [Show full text]
  • Jurupa Spectrum Entertainment Center 8012-8082 Limonite Avenue Jurupa Valley, California
    JURUPA SPECTRUM ENTERTAINMENT CENTER 8012-8082 LIMONITE AVENUE JURUPA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA Barret Woods | Senior Vice President - Principal 909.373.2921 [email protected] DRE #: 01355354 3535 Inland Empire Blvd., Ontario, CA. 91764 Corporate ID #: 00976995 Lee & Associates® - Ontario Offering Memorandum Confidentiality Agreement The information contained in the following Marketing Brochure is proprietary and strictly confidential. It is intended to be reviewed only by the party receiving it from Lee & Associates – Ontario and should not be made available to any other person or entity without the written consent of Lee & Associates-Ontario. This Marketing Brochure has been prepared to provide summary, unver- ified information to prospective purchasers, and to establish only a preliminary level of interest in the subject property. The information contained herein is not a substitute for a thorough due diligence in- vestigation. Lee & Associates-Ontario has not made any investigation, and makes no warranty or rep- resentation, with respect to the income or expenses for the subject property, the future projected fi- nancial performance of the property, the size and square footage of the property and improvements, the presence or absence of contaminating substances, PCB’s or asbestos, the compliance with State and Federal regulations, the physical condition of the improvements thereon, or the financial condi- tion or business prospects of any tenant, or any tenants plans or intentions to continue its occupancy of the subject property. The information contained in this Marketing Brochure has been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, however, Lee & Associates-Ontario has not verified, and will not verify, any of the information contained herein, nor has Lee & Associates-Ontario conducted any investigation regarding these matters and makes no warranty or representation whatsoever regard- ing the accuracy or completeness of the information provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctorate in Business Administration
    A STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGIES OF SELECTED TINY AND SMALL SCALE BAKERIES OF KOLKATA ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTORATE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BY Atish Kumar Chattopadhyay Under the Guidanc* of Prof. Kaleem Mohammed Khu Dr. Anup Choadhnri Dean b Chairman Assaciate Dean Department of Business Administration The ICFAI Business School Faculty of Management Studies & Research The ICFAI University Atigarh MusDm University, Aligarh (iruiia) Kolkata (India) (Internal Advisor) (External Advisor) DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INOIA) ^ 2005 ^yg^ Ai-' lit / li ' 1. Introduction In recent years there have been signs of substantial research interest in marketing practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) (Gillmore et. al, 2001; Blankson and Stokes, 2002; Hill, 2001; Siu, 2000; Siu et. al, 2004; Morrison, 2003; Lee et. al, 2001). Most of these studies have indicated the role of marketing to be critical in the sustainability of the small firms. In a recent study (Huang and Brown, 1999), the problems of sales and marketing were reported as important by 40 percent of the firms surveyed while other important factors reported were human resources (15 percent), general management (14 percent) and production / operations (9 percent) \ In India, a survey by the All India Management Association pointed out that among 872 SSI (Small Scale Industry) units in manufacturing, growth fell by 8.1 percent in 1998-2002. One of the main reasons cited by the units for not being able to do well was problems related to marketing (70 percent) (Jain, 2003).
    [Show full text]