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RUGGED SUMMIT By Tom W. Nichols DEDICATION To my many fdends, with whom I have been classmate, teacher, and fellow~teacher for rome than forty years-ex~ students of the Southwest Texas State College, whose lives and desire for learning have made possible the institution over which the subject of this book presided for thirty-one years, RUGGED SUMMIT is respectfully and affectionately dedicated. Tom W. Nichols PREFACE This is the story of a man, of his colleagues and co-workers, and of an era in the history of education in Texas. The core of this story is the biography of Cecil Eugene Evans, but it was impossible to present the life of this man with a true and accurate perspective apart from the whole stage, the cast of actors, and the drama in which he so effectively played his part. President Evans smoothed the path for his biographer in several ways, the greatest single feature being the little Redbook into which he wrote the minute details of the happenings of his daily life, his thoughts, and his philosophy. Moreover, he kept in well-organized files his "official" correspondence which con­ tained all the ingredients with which to create a history of the epoch in which he played such a leading role. I am indebted to many persons for help, encouragement, and sympathy, a few of whom are listed herewith. To the late President John G. Flowers, I am grateful for his generosity in making available records of his office and for his helpful suggestions in the writing of the chapter on the Laboratory School. To Dr. Alvin Musgrave goes my appreciation for his willingness to relieve me of many routine duties and thus increase the time I could devote to this study. Also, my thanks to Vice-President Leland E. Derrick for relieving me of com­ mittee duties during this my last year so that I could devote all my spare time to the completion of this task. To Jesse C. Kellam, ex-student and close friend of the sub­ ject of this book, my gratitude for his permission to use his eloquent eulogy delivered at the memorial service for C. E. Evans. To Dr. Joseph A. Hill, President Emeritus of the West Texas State University, the sole survivor of that valiant band whose struggle preserved and brought to maturity the system of col­ leges in Texas known as the former State Teachers Colleges, I owe special thanks for his encouragement, his suggestions, and for the use of material of which he is the author. And, finally, my sincere thanks to Mrs. Bernice Soyars, the only child of president Evans, for her thoughtful and generous help, without which this story could not have been written. San Marcos, Texas Tom W. Nichols "May, 1967 CONTENTS I. APPOINTMENT ..................... 1 II. THE LITTLE REDBOOK ENCYCLOPEDIA. 19 What It Is. ................................ .. 19 Multitude of Details " , 20 Proprieties and Improprieties. .............. .. 27 Humor in the Redbook. ..................... .. 28 The Redbook on Financial Matte1's. ........... .. 33 Redbook Record of the Great Depression. ..... .. 37 Redbook List of Faithful Employees. ....... 44 The Farmer ......................... 46 Faithful Rotarian and Churchman. ........... .. 49 Prohibitionist 50 III. FIGHT FOR EXISTENCE . 51 Beginning of the Conflict . 51 Church Schools Attack. .. 53 Skirmishing Between State Colleges. 59 Hard Times for Educational Paupers . 69 Evans Leads the Defense . 74 Alma Mater Lives On! . 78 The "Shooting War" Ends .. 83 IV. NUMBERS AND DESTINY.. 90 Forew01'd ..... 90 Claim to Territory. 94 Counting Noses . 96 The P1'oblem of Adve1,tising. .. .. 98 Talks and Recruiting. ... 104 The Double Value of Extension Work .. 106 V. NURSELINGS OF THE STATE TREASURY. 109 The Brood Was Too La1'ge. .. 109 The Ferguson Rule. ... 112 Local Funds . 120 Funds a la Politics .. 126 Funds f01' the Summer School . .. 135 VI. MONUMENT TO A COLLEGE PRESIDENT .... 142 We Ought to Ha've a Prayer Meeting! . 142 Land Hungry. 145 A Deal With The Governor .. 146 More and Bigge?' Bu.ildings Needed 150 Help F?'om a Regent. .. 153 A Break in the Clouds " 154 Boarding Houses Fade Away. ... 156 Paean of Joy. ...... .............. 158 VII. THE LABORATORY SCHOOL .. , 159 "The Very Hea?'t" of Teacher Training " 159 The Evans Dream. ....................... .. 161 Obstacles 167 Campaign for a School House. ............... .. 169 The Evans Plan Worked , .. .. 172 Ideas-Ne?o Versus Old 174 VIII. THE FIGHT FOR RECOGNITION. ........... .. 176 A College ·is Known by its President. ......... .. 176 With the State Department of Education. ..... .. 184 Victory in the Associations , 187 Also the Ne-ws Media " 196 With High School Officials. ................. .. 198 And Then the Regents. ..................... .. 199 Next the Legislature. .................... 203 Even the Political Leaden of Texas 208 At Last, Their Own Faculty. ................. 209 IX. BRING BACK THE WAYWARD... .. 211 First the Pre?lie-w. ................. 211 Student Publications. .............. 213 The College and the Town. .................. .. 219 The "Bobca..t". ........................ 222 Other Worries ....................... 223 Summer Wa..s a Tough Time. ............ 225 When a Regent Ta..kes Notes. .............. 225 Estill to the Rescue. ..................... 227 That Bad Year, 1925. ................... 229 The Ominous Beginning. ............... 229 Dean Brogdon and the Boarding House. .... .. 230 The Summer Rebellion. ................... .. 234 The Aftermath .... ...................... .. 239 Lone-Wolf Troublemakers. ............ .. 246 The Devil Woman , 247 The Bear Man , 250 Discipline Never Fades Away 251 X. REGENTS GOOD AND BAD . 253 Briefly, a Foreword. .. .. 253 Evolution of the Board . 253 Hou.J Regents Were Selected . 254 The Work Regents Do . 264 Not All was Harmony and Good Will . 276 In a Matter of Discipline . 282 Odd Numbers . 284 Political Windbreak. .... .. .., 292 Finis ," .. 293 XI. PROBLEMS AND PILLARS. .... .. 293 Overview 293 The Blake Case " 296 The Harry Trouble. .... .. .. ..... .. ........ 300 The Case With the Happy Ending. 304 Gates Thomas, The Rebel. ................. 310 Others 316 Retirement ............................... 318 XII. THE SEVENTEEN-YEAR WAR WITH THE DALLAS NEWS . 320 H~~~~m . 320 Early Chance for Peace . 322 Allies for the Enemy . 324 Cease-Fire and Truce . 328 Depression and Renewed Conflict . 333 More Enemy Reinforcements . 336 The News Displays Reason . 338 War Wea?'y But No Peace. " '. 340 Conclusion ... 346 XIII. WITH POLITICAL FLAVOR . 347 Evans' Interest. .. , 347 Candidates and Trotlble ,.,,. 349 "The Situation in Austin" . 362 At The College Door . 369 In State PoLitics To Stay . 372 XIV. AT CHAPEL .. ,,,. 374 Purpose . .. ,,. 374 Prayer and Exhortation . 376 Directions 379 E'Uans Speaks His Message : .. , ., 381 Better Speech " 381 Cigarets and Liquor " 382 Excellence 383 How to Succeed. ......................... .. 384 Inspiration and the Bright Future. ......... .. 385 War, Patroitism, and Peace :" 390 XV. EVANS AT FACULTY MEETING.......... 393 The Presidential Duty. ..................... .. 393 Be Good and Be Strict With Stu,dents. ........ .. 394 Work Week 396 The Shepherd .................... .. 400 Sermons and Reports " 402 Recruiting Students ........................ .. 405 The Dismal Outlook. ..................... 407 The Sounding Board. ....................... 410 XVI. THE LEADER ... ....................... 411 The Setting ............................... .. 411 Guide and Critic " 412 Head of the Council " 413 Through the Gloom " 425 Agent and A d'Uis er " 430 XVII. PRESIDENT EVANS AND THE FUTURE PRESIDENT ..................... .. 435 Lyndon on the Campus. ..................... .. 435 JohnsonJs Cat'eer 440 HelJp With the Laboratory School 447 "Bird" Johnson Takes Over " 448 XVIII. PERSONAL GLIMPSES. .... .. .. .. 450 Family Man , " 450 Achievements . " 454 Champion of Student Activities 456 Student of JU'risprudence '" 458 Random Snapshots " 459 Joy and Glo om. ... .. " 463 The E'Uans Creed. ............. ..... 467 The N e'W Year Greetings. .................. 470 The Late Years " 474 Eulogy 475 I APPOINTMENT On March 24, 1911, Cecil Eugene Evans was appointed "principal" of the Southwest Texas State Normal School at San Marcos. At the head of the school was Thomas G. Harris, a serious, dogmatic, and zealous man, who had been notified in September that he would be replaced at the close of the school year. Harris had held office since the opening of the school in 1903. During the campaign for governor of Texas in 1910, Harris, a very active member of the Anti-Saloon League,l had vigorously opposed 0. B. Colquitt the "wet" candidate. To Harris, Colquitt represented two of the most undesirable qualities a politiciain could possess at that time: first, he was an anti-pro- hibitionist or a "wet"; and, second, in Harris' opinion, he was not a friend to the public schools of Texas. As a state senator fifteen years previously, Colquitt had voted against a school tax proposal; and Harris, who was then editor of the Texas School Journal, severely criticized Colquitt editorially for his stand. John Marvin Smith, who interviewed T. G. 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