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Society of Antiquaries the Scottish Antiquarian Society of Antiquaries of Scotland The Scottish Antiquarian Tradition: Essays to mark the bicentenary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1780-1980 Edited by A S Bell ISBN: 0 85976 080 4 (pbk) • ISBN: 978-1-908332-15-8 (PDF) Except where otherwise noted, this work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work and to adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: A Bell, A S (ed) 1981 The Scottish Antiquarian Tradition: Essays to mark the bicentenary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1780-1980. Edinburgh: John Donald. Available online via the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: https://doi.org/10.9750/9781908332158 Please note: The illustrations listed on p ix are not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons license and must not be reproduced without permission from the listed copyright holders. The Society gratefully acknowledges the permission of John Donald (Birlinn) for al- lowing the Open Access publication of this volume, as well as the contributors and contributors’ estates for allowing individual chapters to be reproduced. The Society would also like to thank the National Galleries of Scotland and the Trustees of the National Museum of Scotland for permission to reproduce copyright material. Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders for all third-party material reproduced in this volume. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland would be grateful to hear of any errors or omissions. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland The Scottish Antiquarian Tradition: Essays to mark the bicentenary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1780-1980 Edited by A S Bell ISBN: 0 85976 080 4 (pbk) • ISBN: 978-1-908332-15-8 (PDF) Erratum In the original publication of The Scottish Antiquarian Tradition plate 4 ‘Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, 7th Bt, of Coul’ was attributed to Sir John Watson Gordon. However it is now attributed to Sir Henry Raeburn. THE SCOTTISH ANTIQUARIAN TRADITION 11th Earl of Buchan, by John Brown. THE SCOTTISH. ANTIQUARIAN TRADITION Essays to mark the bicentenary of the Socfety of Antiquaries of Scotland and its Museum, 1780-1980 Edited by A. S. BELL Rhodes House Library, Oxford 111111 11i!T11 JOHN DONALD PUBLISHERS LTD EDINBURGH © Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1981 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publishers, John Donald Publishers Ltd, 138 St Stephen Street, Edinburgh. ISBN 0 85976 080 4 Phototypesetting by Burns & Harris Limited, Dundee Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow Preface The eight essays in this volume were commissioned by the So'ciety of Antiquaries of Scotland for publication in the Society's bicentenary year. The book forms part of a series of celebrations organised by the Society throughout its anniversary year, which have included special meetings and ceremonies, and a group of exhibitions at the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, the Scottish Record Office, and the National Library of Scotland. The National Library's exhibition was accompariied by an illustrated general essay by its organiser, Or lain Gordon Brown, The Hobby-Horsical Antiquary: A Scottish Character 1640-1830, which helps further to depict the learned world of seventeenth and eighteenth-century Scotland in which the Society of Antiquaries was conceived. The editor is grateful to the Society's bicentenary sub-committee for their invitation to take charge of this volume. He acknowledges much helpful advice from his contributors, including the current president of the Society, Or Ronald G. Cant, and also thanks Or lain Brown for much practical encouragement throughout his task, and Mr Oavid Bogie, advocate, for timely assistance on matters of heraldry and Scots law. Edinburgh A. S. Bell V The Contributors Ronald G. Cant, D.Litt., Reader Emeritus in Scottish History, University of St Andrews, President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland R. B. K. Stevenson, C.B.E., D.Litt., formerly Keeper of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Past President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Marinell Ash, Ph.D., Radio Producer, Educational Broadcasting Department, BBC Scotland D. V. Clarke, Ph.D., National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Co­ editor of From the Stone Age to the 'Forty-Five: Studies in Scottish Material Culture Presented to R. B. K. Stevenson, Former Keeper, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (forthcoming) Angus Graham, sometime Secretary, Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments (Scotland) Ian Stewart, Litt.D., F.B.A., M.P., author of The Scottish Coinage (1955; 2nd edition 1967), and other numismatic works Charles]. Burnett, D.A., National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Secretary of the Scottish Heraldry Society vi Contents Page David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan: Founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Ronald G. Cant 1 The Museum, its Beginnings and its Development Part I: to 1858 R. B. K. Stevenson 31 'A fine, genial, hearty band': David Laing, Daniel Wilson and Scottish Archaeology Marinell Ash 86 Scottish Archaeology in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century D. V. Clarke 114 The Museum, its Beginnings and its Development Part 11: the National Museum to 1954 R. B. K. Stevenson 142 In Piam Veterum Memoriam Angus Graham 212 Two Centuries of Scottish Numismatics: with A Bibliography of Scottish Numismatics Ian Stewart 227 The Arms of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Charles J. Bumett 266 Appendix I The Society's Charter: a Translation R. B. K. Stevenson 273 Appendix 11 Lists of Presidents of the Society, and of Keepers and Directors of the National Museum of Antiquities R. B. K. Stevenson 277 Index 279 vii Illustrations Frontispiece David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan. Pencil drawing by John Brown.* Between pages 6 and 7 1. The Society's Charter, 29 March 1783. For a translation, see Appendix I. t 2. Interior of the Museum in the Royal Institution Building, The Mound, ea 1890.t 3. A showcase of the Museum, ea 1890, apparently with Joseph Anderson and George Black at work.t 4. Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, 7th Bt, of Coul. Oil portrait attributed to Sir John Watson Gordon. 5. William Smellie. Oil portrait by George Watson.* 6. David Laing. Oil portrait, 1862, by Sir William Fettes Douglas. 7. Sir Daniel Wilson. Oil portrait, 1891, by Sir George Reid. 8. Joseph Anderson. Oil portrait by Henry Wright Kerr. 9-10. R. W. Cochran-Patrick and Adam Black Richardson. Pencil drawings by W. Graham Boss, designed for the decoration of the Museum building in Queen Street. Acknowledgement is made to the Trustees of the National Galleries of Scotland for permission to reproduce portraits in their custody; and to the Trustees of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland for items in their collections and library (marked t above), and for port­ raits deposited in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery (marked*). We are also indebted to the owner for permission to reproduce the portrait of Sir George Mackenzie, in private hands. ix Onpage220 The Urrn'. Pencil drawing by James S. Richardson of Sir George Macdonald and Dr Graham Callander at a Council meeting, ea 1930. From the Society's library. X David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan: Founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Ronald G. Cant Ancestry and upbringing David Steuart Erskine, founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, was born in Edinburgh on 12 June 1742, the second son of Henry David Erskine, lOth Earl of Buchan, and Agnes Steuart, younger daughter of Sir James Steuart of Goodtrees, sometime Lord Advocate of Scotland.1 The title to which David Erskine became heir, as Lord Cardross, on the death of his elder brother (another David) in 1747, and to which he succeeded as 11th Earl in 1767, was among the most venerable in Scotland.2 It was, in origin, one of the ancient mormaerdoms or earl­ doms that can be identified in the early twelfth century but which corresponded to very much older divisions of the kingdom. In the early thirteenth century it passed, by the marriage of its heiress, to the great family of Comyn, but the hostility that developed between this and the house of Bruce during the Wars of Independence led to the forfeiture of the title and its annexation to the crown. After two relatively short­ lived grants to members of the royal family, first the notorious Alexander Stewart, 'Wolf of Badenoch', son of King Robert Ill, then the rather more admirable John Stewart, Constable of France, son of the elder Regent Albany, it was revived in 1469 for James Stewart, son of Joanna, queen dowager of King James I by her second marriage to Sir James Stewart, 'the Black Knight of Lorne'. From this time the title had an uninterrupted history, but on two occasions, through the succession of a female heir, it passed to families with different surnames. The first of these changes occurred when the Countess Christian, who had succeeded her grandfather the 3rd Earl in 1 2 The Scottish Antiquarian Tradition 1551, married Robert Douglas, second son of the laird of Loch Leven, who was thereafter, in 1579, recognised as Earl jure uxoris. On their deaths in 1580 their son James succeeded as 5th Earl but he was to die in 1601, leaving a daughter Mary as his heir. It was when she, in 1617, married James Erskine, second son (but eldest of his second marriage) of John, 7th Earl of Mar, that the title passed to the family which has held it ever since, although on two further occasions, on the failure of the direct line, it proved necessary to seek out somewhat remotely related descendants of cadet branches to maintain the succession.
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