DOCSLIB.ORG

Decelerating Open Channel Flow Over Gravel: Turbulence Structure & Sensor Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Decelerating Open Channel Flow Over Gravel: Turbulence Structure & Sensor Development University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering Civil Engineering 2014 DECELERATING OPEN CHANNEL FLOW OVER GRAVEL: TURBULENCE STRUCTURE & SENSOR DEVELOPMENT Robert L. Stewart III University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Stewart, Robert L. III, "DECELERATING OPEN CHANNEL FLOW OVER GRAVEL: TURBULENCE STRUCTURE & SENSOR DEVELOPMENT" (2014). Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering. 25. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/25 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Robert L. Stewart III, Student Dr. James F. Fox, Major Professor Dr. Yi-Tin Wang, Director of Graduate Studies DECELERATING OPEN CHANNEL FLOW OVER GRAVEL: TURBULENCE STRUCTURE & SENSOR DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________ DISSERTATION ___________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Engineering at the University of Kentucky By Robert Lynn Stewart III Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. James F. Fox, Professor of Civil Engineering Lexington, Kentucky 2014 Copyright © Robert Lynn Stewart III 2014 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION DECELERATING OPEN CHANNEL FLOW OVER GRAVEL: TURBULENCE STRUCTURE & SENSOR DEVELOPMENT This dissertation describes investigations of fully turbulent decelerating hydraulically roughbed flow over gravel and the development of technology to measure turbulence and associated sediment transport in streams. Theory is developed for predicting velocity distributions in simple uniform flow using the asymptotic invariance principle and tested using laboratory and field collected data. A mixed scale is developed that accounts for bed derived turbulent structures throughout the flows depth and is used to parameterize the external boundary’s effect on the flow for the logarithmic and outer layers. The asymptotic invariance principle and similarity analysis is conducted for the equations of motion in the outer region of decelerating flow over gravel to define equilibrium conditions for this class of flows with the velocity scale is the freestream velocity. The combination of time series and time averaged statistical analysis of turbulent flow is used to elucidate the structure of flow under decelerating conditions. Time averaged statistical measures of turbulence confirm results of others for higher Froude number approaching transcritical and time series analysis shows the effects of decelerating flow on turbulence to be frequency dependent. Wireless velocity sensors were developed and found capable of measuring time averaged velocity and able to resolve macroturbulence from time series data. A semi- theoretical model of elastic deformation of cantilever beams under hydraulic forcing was coupled with circuit theory to develop a calibration procedure for the VBS that requires only three measurement points, one of which is at zero velocity. Light based sensors are developed to estimate light attenuation in water for ecological research or estimating sediment concentration in water. A semi-theoretical scaling of light attenuation and sediment properties was developed which predicts light attenuation from sediment properties. The combination of new theory on open channel velocity, turbulent structure and field sensors for measuring turbulence and sediment offers the possibility to extend our laboratory knowledge to realistic flow situations. Key words: Nonuniform flow, Channel, Macrtoturbulence, Sensors, Light Attenuation Robert Lynn Stewart III ___________ . 8-27-2014 . NONUNIFORM OPEN CHANNEL FLOW OVER GRAVEL: TURBULENCE STRUCTURE & SENSOR DEVELOPMENT By Robert Lynn Stewart III Dr. James F Fox . Director of Dissertation Dr. Yi-Tin Wang . Director of Graduate Studies 08-27-2014 . Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work benefited greatly from contributions of my Dissertation committee, fellow graduate students, faculty, and technical staff from departments and laboratories. First and foremost, I’d like to thank my dissertation advisor, Dr. Jimmy Fox for everything. Specifically for enabling me to be better able to understand, test, and communicate nonuniform open channel hydraulics and associated processes. The opportunity to study under your guidance has truly been a blessing. I’d like to thank members of my dissertation committee: Dr. Yi-Tin Wang, Dr. Scott Yost, Dr. Johnathon Phillips and my outside examiner Dr. Donald Colliver, for encouraging me along the way, providing me with opportunities, stimulating my interest for science, testing my abilities, and for your time and interest in my education and future endeavors. Further, I’d like to thank the numerous graduate and undergraduate researchers that aided with sample collection and processing, Dr. Harnett for her hard work and assistance with sensor fabrication and design as well as technical support. I want to thank Drs. Sean Bailey and Carmen Agouridis for use of laboratory equipment. I have a special appreciation for the numerous graduate and undergraduate students for help with experimental design and data collection, there are too many to name them all but I would specifically like to think Dr. Bill Ford. Additionally I would like to thank Sheila, Suzy, and Mrs. Betty for helping me navigate the collegiate network. I would like to thank by family friends and neighbors for their support, especially my parents and Micki and Chuck who were always there for me through the rollercoaster ride known as graduate school. A special thanks to my parents for supporting me in any venture that made me happy, including graduate school. Finally, I’d like to thank the College of Engineering, U.S. Geological Society, the National Science Foundation, and the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation for providing financial support for my graduate studies and data collection. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 References ............................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2: Mixed Scaling for Open-Channel Flow over Gravel and Cobbles .............. 5 2.1 Summary ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Similarity Analysis ............................................................................................... 7 2.4 Data Comparison and Statistical Analysis ............................................................ 11 2.5 Integral Analysis ................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 14 2.7 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-Operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936
    Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the faculty of Life Sciences 2011 Paul Marshall Table of contents List of figures .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 List of tables ................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ouida Bergère
    Ouida Bergère Also Known As: Eulalia Bergère, Ida Bergère, Mrs. George Fitzmaurice, Mrs. Basil Rathbone Lived: December 14, 1885 - November 29, 1974 Worked as: adapter, film actress, scenario editor, screenwriter Worked In: United States by Laura Jacquelyn Simmons Ouida Bergère was perhaps best known in the film industry as Mrs. Basil Rathbone and party hostess extraordinaire. However, before her marriage, to Rathbone, Bergère was a prominent and top paid scenario writer. Bergère was born in Spain, but moved to the US at the age of six. Her father was French-Spanish and her mother, British (Lowrey 1920, 22). There is some conflicting information regarding her birth name; most sources claim she was born Ida Bergère, others Eulalia Bergère. Regardless, upon entering the film industry, she changed her name to Ouida. Bergère began her film career by serving as scenario editor and actress for Pathé Freres, eventually writing her own scripts and branching out to other companies, including Vitagraph and Famous Players-Lasky, according to the New York Dramatic Mirror in 1915 (24). Much of Bergère’s screenwriting career coincides with the career of her second husband, George Fitzmaurice, to whom she was married before Rathbone. She met Fitzmaurice after she started her screenwriting career, and after their marriage, he directed almost all of the films she wrote. As is the case with the many Hollywood marriages, Bergère’s relationship to Fitzmaurice must be considered when discussing her career, and, typically, because her career was so closely linked to that of Fitzmaurice, there is confusion about their credits. She very well might have had her hand in directing some of the films that have been credited to him, as was the case with other couples such as actress Alice Terry and director Rex Ingram.
    [Show full text]
  • 1923 the Witness, Vol. 7, No. 39. May 19, 1923
    The Witness Vol. VII. No. 39 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, MAY 19, 1923 $2.00 A YEAR Bishops Approve Change in Bishop Bratton Campaigning English Prayer Book for Southern Schools Speech of the Session is Made by the Bishop of Refuses to Discriminate Against Negroes in His St. Alban’s who Favors Revision Campaign for Half Million By Rev. A. Manby Lloyd Educators throughout the country are The English House of Bishops of the taking an interest in the $360,000 Relig­ National Assembly have given general ap­ ious Education Campaign that Bishop A. proval to the proposals for Prayer Book D. Bratton has just started for the benefit revision. The Bishop of Durham (Dr. of All Saints’ College, Vicksburg, a junior Hensley Henson) would only do so with college for white girls, and the Okolona reservations. He dealt severely with the and Vicksburg Industrial Schools for Ne­ “ law-breakers,” by which he meant the groes. This is said to be the first time people who interpret the Prayer-book in that a “ colorless” dollar has even been a Catholic sense. Law-breaking, he ad­ mitted, had been universal, but the Cath­ raised for religious education in the olic party stood alone in breaking the law United States. on principle. The funds are to be invested and the The Archbishop of York was more income expended by one board of trustees broad-minded. He, himself, was satisfied who will apply the revenue where it is with a rite which had contented Cosin most needed, irrespective of race, color or and Wilson, Westcott and Lightfoot, Pusey and Keble, Liddon, .Church and previous condition of servitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Science, Expertise, and Everyday Reality in 1926 by Brian S. Matzke
    All Scientific Stuff: Science, Expertise, and Everyday Reality in 1926 by Brian S. Matzke A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in The University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Professor Eric S. Rabkin, Chair Professor John S. Carson Professor June M. Howard Professor Alan M. Wald Copyright © Brian S. Matzke 2013 Dedication To my parents, Charles Matzke and Janice Beecher, who taught me to read, to write, to think, and to question. ii Acknowledgements Many scholars have mentored and advised me over the years, and I am grateful to all of them for the insights that they have provided and the knowledge that they have imparted. This project began as a paper in John Whittier-Ferguson’s graduate seminar on modernism, and from that beginning, numerous professors’ influences have shaped this book. I would like to thank George Bornstein, John Carson, Gregg Crane, Paul Edwards, Gabrielle Hecht, June Howard, Steve Jackson, Howard Markel, Susan Parrish, Eric Rabkin, Paddy Scannell, Derek Vaillant, Alan Wald, and Patricia Yaeger. In addition to the faculty at the University of Michigan, I received tremendous insights and support from my colleagues both at Michigan and other institutions. Their comments on drafts and their recommendations at every stage of the writing process were invaluable to me. I am grateful to Alex Beringer, Geremy Carnes, MicKenzie Fasteland, Molly Hatcher, Korey Jackson, Chung-Hao Ku, Konstantina Karageorgos, Corinne Martin, Karen McConnell, Nathaniel Mills, Daniel Mintz, and Michael Tondre. Some ideas from the chapter on Amazing Stories have their basis in my work with the Genre Evolution Project, and I am thankful to the members of the project for their inspiration, in particular, Eric Rabkin, Carl Simon, Rebecca Adams, Zach Wright, Meg Hixon, and Dayna Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Ouida Bergère Sarah Bernhardt Alice Guy Blaché Beatrice Buch Alta M
    Ouida Bergère As an actress, Bergère's early stage credits included Via Wireless (1910); her screen credits as supporting actress from the 1920s included Kick In (1922), and Bella Donna (1923). Beside her acting work, she also headed her own talent agency during World War II, managing stars such as Nazimova, Adolphe Menjou, and Lionel Atwill. A well-known screenwriter, among her many credits are The Avalanche (1919), A Society Exile (1919), On with the Dance (1920), The Man from Home (1922), The Cheat (1923), and The Eternal City (1923). First married to film producer George Fitzmaurice and later to actor Basil Rathbone, Bergère was a renowned Hollywood hostess. She was living in Manhattan when she died on November 9,1974, at the age of eighty- eight. Shortly before her death, she had completed her memoirs of Hollywood life. Six Days 2:0139 Sarah Bernhardt Sarah Bernhardt, the celebrated French tragedienne, was bom in Paris on October 22,1844. She joined the Paris Conservatory in 1861 and in 1886 she toured the United States as a stage actress. She made only a few films, including Hamlet (1900), La Dame aux Camelias (1910)•later released in the United States as Camille (1912)•andMothers of France (1917). She died on March 26,1923, in Paris. An Actress's Romance 1:0036 Alice Guy Blaché Alice Guy Blaché was bom in Paris in 1873, and became one of the most well-known women working in film in the early years of the twentieth century. She began her career at Gaumont in Paris in 1896, and claimed that her film La Fée aux Choux (1896 or 1900?) was the first film narrative with a plot After emigrating to the United States with her husband Herbert Blaché in 1907, she branched out on her own; in 1910 she formed her own production company, Solax, and in 1912 built her own studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey.
    [Show full text]
  • Eureka College Student Handbook
    EUREKA COLLEGE STUDENT HANDBOOK 2020-2021 Table of Contents Introductions ..................................... 1 - 2 College Policies ............................. 15 - 33 President’s Letter ........................................................ 1 Non-Discrimination Statement ................................. 15 Student Body President’s Letter .................................. 2 Alcohol and Drug Policy ..................................... 15 - 18 Disclosure of Student Information ..................... 18 - 19 About Eureka College ......................... 3 - 4 Request for Alternative Methods of Meeting Requirements Due to Disabilities ....................... 19 - 20 History ....................................................................... 3 Mission ....................................................................... 3 Involuntary Withdrawal Due to Medical, Vision College ............................................................. 3 Psychological, or Social Situations/Conditions . 20 - 21 Academic Dishonesty Policy ............................... 21 - 23 Core Values ................................................................ 3 Harassment, Physical or Emotional Abuse, Goals .......................................................................... 3 and Hazing ........................................................ 22 - 23 Traditions ................................................................... 4 Specific Policy on Sexual Harassment ....................... 23 Specific Policy on Cyber-Bullying .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Navigation and Navigational Aids Historical Context Study
    Great Lakes Navigation and Navigational Aids Historical Context Study By Theodore J. Karamanski prepared for the National Park Service United States Department of the Interior 2017 1 2 Contents 5 List of Figures & Illustrations 7 Introduction 11 Wilderness Waters 21 A Market Revolution on the Lakes 49 The Era of Bad Feelings,1839–1860 83 Lighting the Way Forward,1860–1880 113 Era of Expansion, 1880-1910 149 Heartland Arsenal: The Inland Seas in War and Peace, 1910-1945 179 May Their Lights Continue to Shine, 1946-2000 205 National Landmark Status and Great Lakes Aids to Navigation 215 Recommended Great Lakes National Historic Landmarks 263 Acknowledgements 3 4 List of Figures & Illustrations 27 Figure 1. The wreck of the steamer Walk-in-the-Water with the poorly sited Buffalo Lighthouse in the background. 29 Figure 2. Chicago Harbor Lighthouse adjacent to Fort Dearborn. 31 Figure 3. Stephen Pleasonton Fifth Auditor of the United States and head of U.S. Lighthouse Administration, 1820-1851 37 Figure 4. The Erie Canal at Lockport, NY. Engraving made from 1839 painting by W.H. Bartlett. 42 Figure 5. Erie, Pa. Harbor before improvement. 45 Figure 6. Early attempts to force a harbor entrance through the sand bar at Chicago. 52 Figure 7. Eber Brock Ward. Ship Captain, ship builder, industrialist. 54 Figure 8. Sault Ste. Marie Canal. 56 Figure 9. The schooner Hattie Hutt, built in Saugatuck, Mich., 1873, wrecked 1929. 58 Figure 10. A Great Lakes propeller steamer, the United Empire. 61 Figure 11. The wreck of the steamer Lady Elgin, 1860.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyberattacks Against Intelligent Transportation Systems Assessing Future Threats to ITS
    Cyberattacks Against Intelligent Transportation Systems Assessing Future Threats to ITS Numaan Huq, Rainer Vosseler, and Morton Swimmer Trend Micro Forward-Looking Threat Research (FTR) Team A TrendLabs Research Paper Contents TREND MICRO LEGAL DISCLAIMER The information provided herein is for general information and educational purposes only. It is not intended and 5 should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The information contained herein may not be applicable to all The ITS Ecosystem situations and may not reflect the most current situation. Nothing contained herein should be relied on or acted upon without the benefit of legal advice based on the particular facts and circumstances presented and nothing 13 herein should be construed otherwise. Trend Micro reserves the right to modify the contents of this document at any time without prior notice. Real-World ITS Attacks Translations of any material into other languages are intended solely as a convenience. Translation accuracy is not guaranteed nor implied. If any questions arise 21 related to the accuracy of a translation, please refer to the original language official version of the document. Any ITS Attackers discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect for compliance or enforcement purposes. 23 Although Trend Micro uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information herein, Trend Micro makes no warranties or representations of any kind as ITS Attacker Motives to its accuracy, currency, or completeness. You agree that access to and use of and reliance on this document and the content thereof is at your own risk.
    [Show full text]