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Study Report on Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia

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Study Report on Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia STUDY REPORT ON GENDER DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED PROJECTS IN SOMALIA Prepared by SOMALIA INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS (SIDRA) April, 2019 STUDY REPORT Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia The Somali Institute for Development Research & Analysis (SIDRA) Garowe, Puntland State of Somalia Cell Phone: +252-907-794730 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.sidrainstitute.org This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Attribute to: Somali Institute for Development Research & Analysis 2019 This Study was Conducted with a Funding Provided by Diakonia Somalia to Understand the Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia Gender Dimension of Climate Change Projects – Page 1 STUDY REPORT Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia Table of Content ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 STUDY BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 STUDY QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 STUDY RESULT AREAS................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 STUDY ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: STUDY METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 DATA COLLECTION ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION ............................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 3: STUDY RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 RESULTS OF REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 10 3.1.1 Somalia and Puntland climate change related policy ..................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Climate change projects implemented in Somalia and Puntland .................................................... 14 3.1.3 National development plans and policies........................................................................................ 19 3.1.4 Linkage between gender and climate change ................................................................................. 21 3.2 RESULTS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS ....................................................... 25 3.2.1 Climate change related hazards ...................................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 Impacts of climate change .............................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3 Ongoing climate change related project ......................................................................................... 30 3.2.4 Measures used by climate change projects to address climate change hazards and impacts........ 33 3.2.5 Strategy used to adapt to the changing climate ............................................................................. 35 3.2.6 Impact of climate change on women and men ............................................................................... 38 3.2.7 Men and women climate change needs and interests .................................................................... 39 3.2.8 Adapting climate change project to better address men and women needs and interests ............ 40 3.2.9 Influencing climate change mitigation, adaptation and community resilience decisions ............... 42 CHAPTER 4: STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................ 44 4.1 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 44 4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 48 4.2.1 Recommendation to the central and local government .................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Recommendation to development organizations ........................................................................... 48 4.2.3 Recommendation to the community ............................................................................................... 49 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 50 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................................ 51 ANNEX 1: DATA COLLECTION TOOLS .......................................................................................................................... 51 ANNEX 2: FIELD DATA TRANSCRIPTS .......................................................................................................................... 55 ANNEX 3 - LIST OF STUDY PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................................... 101 ANNEX 4: STUDY TERMS OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 104 Gender Dimension of Climate Change Projects – Page 2 STUDY REPORT Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia Abbreviations and Acronyms ADESO African Development Solutions CBO Community Based Organization CEDAW Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CJIP Climate Justice and Innovation Project DINA Drought Impacts and Needs Assessment FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FGS Federal Government of Somalia FGD Focus Group Discussions GBV Gender-Based Violence GEF Global Environment Facility GGCA Global Gender and Climate Alliance GGO Global Gender Office HADMA Humanitarian and Disaster Management Authority IDPs Internally Displaced Persons INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JPLG Joint Programme on Local Governance KII Key Informant Interviews MoECC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change MoEWT Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism MoPIC Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation MoWDFA Ministry of Women Development and Family Affairs NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NAPs National Adaptation Plans NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRC Norwegian Refugee Council OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs RRF Recovery and Resilience Framework SDG Sustainable Development Goals SIDRA Somalia Institute for Development and Research Analysis SRCS Somalia Red Crescent Society UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WASH Water, sanitation and Hygiene WFP World Food Programme Gender Dimension of Climate Change Projects – Page 3 STUDY REPORT Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Related Projects in Somalia Executive Summary Climate change poses serious development challenge in Puntland and Somalia in general that needs to be addressed urgently. Somalia and Puntland development plans and policy documents recognize this challenge and observe that if climate change is not urgently addressed, it will compromise the progress that Somalia has made in the recent years. Many studies including the recent comprehensive Somalia Drought Impacts and Needs Assessment (DINA) indicate that climate change affect men and women and the different groups of Somalia population differently and that in climate mitigation and adaptation efforts should seek to understand these differences and use the opportunities they provide to develop climate resilience in Somalia. Through the support of Diakonia Somalia, this study was carried out in between December 2018 and January 2019 to assess the gender dimensions of climate change related projects in Puntland. The study was based on literature review and field data collection. The literature reviewed focused on Puntland and Somalia policy documents related to climate change supplemented by selected global literature that present the state of knowledge and best practice on gender and climate
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