WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE)

ELEVENTH SESSION

OSLO, 2-13 MAY 1994

J, ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

WMO-No.812

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland 1995 © 1995, World Meteorological Organization

ISBN 92-63-10812-9

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expres­ sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delim­ itation of its frontiers or boundaries. CONTENTS

Page GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION ..•.....•.•...••..•••.•••••.••.•.....••.•..•.•.•...•..••. 1 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION .••.•..•••..••.•.••.•....••••••..•..•...••••..•••... 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials ...... 2 2.2 Adoption of the agenda ...... •...... 2 2.3 Establishment of committees ...... 2 2.4 Other organizational matters ...... 2 3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION •.....••.•..•...•••••.•.•.•...•...... •• 2 4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ..•..•.••.••...••....•..•... 3 4.1 WWW status of implementation ...... 3 4.2 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme ...... 6 4.3 Data-processing system ...... 8 4.4 Telecommunications system ...... 8 4.5 Data management, including matters related to codes ...... 12 4.6 WWW system support activities, including Operational Information Service ...... 13 4.7 WMO satellite activities ...... 13 4.8 Emergency response activities 13 -l 5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS .••..•...... •...•...•••...... 14 5.1 General aspects of the World Climate Programme (WCP) ...... 14 5.2 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) ...... 15 5.3 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) ...... 16 5.4 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP) ...... 16 5.5 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and developments in climate research in RA VI ... . 17 5.6 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ...... 17

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...••...... • 18 6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GA W) ...... 18 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programmes ...... 20 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme ...... 20 6.4 Programme on the Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research ...... 20 7. APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... •...... •.....•... 20 7.1 Public Weather Services Programme (PWS) ...... 20 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme ...... 20 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme ...... 21 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme ...... 23

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...•...... • ; .•..... 25 9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 31 10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 34 11. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS ....•.....•...... ••...•.•....•...... 35

12. PUBLIC INFORMATION - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... •...•.....•..... 36

13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITms •.•...... •...... •...•...••...... •..•.. 37 13.1 Internal matters of the Association ...... 37 13.2 Regional aspects of relations with other organizations, programmes and activities ...... 38 13.2.1 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (uNCED) ...... 38 13.2.2 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) ...... 39 IV CONTENTS

Page 14. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS ...... •...•...... •...•...•...... •... 40 15. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ...... •.••.•••.•••••..•...... •....•.. 40 16. ELECTION OF OFFICERS •.•••.•.•.••..•..•.•.••..•.••.•.••.•..•...... •..••...... 40 17. DATE AND PLACE OF THE NEXT SESSION .••...... ••.•.•.•.•.....•...... •...... • 40 18. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION •.•...•.•....•.....•••..•..•.•••.•.•...•••....•..•....•.. 40

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION Final Session No. No; 1 4.1/1 Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWWin Region VI ...... 41 2 4.2/1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network ...... 44 3 4.2/2 Amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing System, Volume II, Regional aspects, Region VI (Europe) ...... 53 4 4A/1 Amendments to the Manual on the GTS, Volume II, Regional.aspects, Region VI (Europe) ...... 54 5 4.4/2 Regional Meteorological Data Communication Network ...... 55 6 4.8/1 Data requirements for emergency response activities ...... 56 7 5.1/1 Working Group on Climate-related Matters ...... 57 8 6.1/1 Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone ...... 57 9· 7.2/1 Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology ...... 58 10 7.4/1 Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services ...... 59 11 7.4/2 Use of INMARSAT for the collection of ships' meteorological and oceanographic reports ...... 59 12 7.4/3 Rapporteur on the Climate of the Baltic Sea Basin ...... 60 13 7.4/4 Participation in the JOint IOC/WMO Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) ...... 60 14 8/1 Working Group on Hydrology ...... 61 15 10/1 Establishment of a Task Force on Technical Cooperation ...... 64 16 15/1 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association 65

RECOMMENDATIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION Final Session No. No. 1 9/1 Regional Meteorological Training Centre (RMTC) in the Russian Federation ...... 70 2 9/2 Regional Meteorological Training Centre (RMTC) in Israel ...... 70

ANNEXES Annex to paragraph 4.4.21 of the general summary: Requirements put on the Regional Meteorological Telecommunications ...... 72 II Annex to paragraph 4.6.3 of the general summary: Guidelines for technical cooperation projects providing computer-based systems for the implementation of WWW components and facilities ...... 74 III Annex to paragraph 7.4.14 of the general summary: Port Meteorological Officer (PMO) ...... 74

APPENDICES A. List of persons attending the session ...... 76 B. Agenda...... 78 C. List of documents ...... 80 I. "DOC" series ...... 80 II. "PINK" series ...... 82 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION (agenda item 1) occurred in Europe, leading to an increase in WMO's membership and affecting the operation of the National 1.1 At the kind invitation of the Government of Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). He Norway, the eleventh session of Regional Association VI informed the session of the actions taken by WMO in (Europe) was held in Oslo at the SAS Scandinavia Hotel support of the NMHSs of Newly Independent States. He from 2 to 13 May 1994. noted that global events, such as the United Nations 1.2 Prof. A. Grarnmeltvedt, president of Regional Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Association VI, opened the session at 10 a.m. on 2 May had had a major influence on WMO programmes and 1994. He welcomed the dignitaries and participants to activities. WMO had taken a proactive role in the follow­ the opening ceremony. up to UNCED by supporting the Intergovernmental 1.3 On behalf of the Norwegian Government, H.E. Negotiating Committees for a Framework Convention on Prof. Gudmund Hernes, Minister of Education, Research Climate Change (FCCC) and the Convention to Combat and Church Affairs, welcomed the delegates, especially Desertification. The Organization also supported clirnate­ those of new Members, to the session. Though Norway was related activities such as those carried out under the hosting a session of a WMO constituent body for the first Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and time, it had contributed Significantly to international the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), as well as meteorology through the work of Prof. V. Bjerknes and the those relating to the follow-up to the Intergovernmental participation of Norway in activities such as the First Polar Meeting on the World Climate Programme (IGM-WCP). Year (1882--83). He noted that cooperation in meteorology He stressed the active role of the NMHSs and WMO in the Region dated back more than 100 years. The regarding the International Decade for Natural Disaster Minister looked upon WMO as an example of how Reduction (IDNDR). In addressing the sensitive scientific efforts could be coordinated for the common commercialization issue, he remarked that any decisions good. In particular, he mentioned the World Weather on the principle of free exchange of data and products Watch Programme as a truly worldwide system applying should be based on consensus at Congress. The Secretary­ technological developments, such as satellites and General expressed the appreciation of WMO for the computers, and up-to-date scientific knowledge to all significant contributions made by Members of the Region aspects of human activities. In Norway, meteorology had in assisting the NMHSs of countries both within and always played a vital part in the everyday life of the people. outside the Region. He informed the session about the He was aware that the national Meteorological and construction of the new WMO Headquarters building Hydrological Services were facing new challenges and expected to be ready in 1997 and the study on the requirements. He was cOl114.dent, however, that the Services organization and structure of the Secretariat. In looking would successfully meet those challenges with regard to forward to the future with confidence, he invited the operational services, monitoring and protection of the Association to pay special attention to the challenges faced environment and climate change issues. He further by the NMHSs, particularly those of the Newly expressed his conviction that WMO, with its long tradition Independent States and developing countries of RA VI, of international cooperation, experience in operational with regard to the maintenance and strengthening of matters and scientific expertise, would successfully meet WWW and GA W, climate monitoring and research, the challenge of sustainable development. He concluded capacity building for emergency response activities and by wishing the Association a successful and constructive manpower development. He wished the participants every session and all participants a pleasant stay in Norw1ly. success in their deliberations. 1.4 The Secretary-General, Prof. G. 0 .P. Obasi, 1.5 Ms Kari Pahle, Deputy Mayor of Oslo, welcomed expressed appreciation both personally and on behalf of the delegates and the representatives of international and the World Meteorological Organization to the Govern­ regional organizations to Oslo. While the population was ment and people of Norway for hosting the session and generally aware of the work of meteorologists through making the excellent arrangements. He recalled the weather forecasts, she was pleased to note that WMO and contribution of Norway and its long-standing tradition of the NMHSs addressed a wider range of issues relating to support to international meteorology which dated back to scientific activities in various sectors, including, among the early days of the International Meteorological others, construction, water supply and quality, and Organization and WMO. He also thanked the current and transport. She noted that provision of services and solving former officers of the Association for their leadership environmental problems at local levels necessitated co­ during the intersessional period. He noted that many operation at a global level. Accordingly, she expressed significant socio-economic and political changes had satisfaction that WMO was meeting the challen:ges related 2 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI to climate and environment so successfully and provided (b) Coordination Committee composed of the presi­ the necessary framework for cooperation at the dent of the Association, the vice-president, the co­ international level. She invited the delegates to visit the chairmen of Committees A and B, with assistance many historic and cultural places in the beautiful city of from the WMO and local Secretariats. Oslo and wished them a pleasant stay. 2.3.2 To examine the various agenda items, the Associ­ 1.6 In his capacity as president of Regional ation established two working committees, as follows: Association VI, Prof. A. Grammeltvedt expressed his (a) Committee A was assigned agenda items 4,6, 7.1, appreciation to the Government of Norway and the City of 7.3, 7.4, 9 and 11. Dr H. M. Fijnaut (Netherlands) Oslo for hosting the session and, as Permanent Repre­ and Mr A. 1. Bedritsky (Russian Federation) were sentative of Norway with WMO, welcomed all the elected co-chairmen; participants, particularly the new Members, to the session. (b) Committee B was assigned agenda items 5, 7.2, 8, He noted that both WMO and the individual NMHSs had 10 and 12. Dr 1. Obrusnik (Czech Republic) and Mr had to respond effectively to the new challenges and J. M. Simoes Cristina (Portugal) were elected co­ reqUirements by building the basic infrastructure for the chairmen. protection of life and property, for the well-being and 2.3.3 In order to assist with the review of previous prosperity of society as well as for the protection of the resolutions and recommendations of the Association and environment. In view of the political and economic of relevant Executive Council resolUtions, the Association changes in the Region, he hoped that the mechanisms of appOinted Dr 1. Mersich (Hungary) as rapporteur. RA VI could be used towards increased cooperation for the benefit of all Members of the Region. In particular he 2.4 OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS (agenda stressed the need to address important questions related item 2.4) to WWW and the regional aspects of other WMO pro­ The Association approved various· organiza­ grammes. He looked forward to a constructive session and tional aspects of the work of the session during its first wished all participants an enjoyable stay in Norway. plenary meeting. It noted that, in accordance with 1.7 There were 114 participants at the session, rep­ Regulation 113 of the WMO General Regulations, the resenting 37 Members of RA VI, two Members from president would approve those minutes of plenary other Regions and five international organizations. A meetings which could not be approved during the ses­ list of participants is given in AppendiX A to this report. sion, after consultation with the participants. A list of documents presented at the session is given in Appen­ 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (agenda dix C to this report. item 2) 2.1 CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT ON CREDENTIALS 3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE (agenda item 2.1) ASSOCIATION (agenda item 3) 2.1.1 In accordance with Regulation 22 of the WMO 3.1 The Association expressed its appreciation for the General Regulations, and in order to assist the Regional report of its president as well as for his leadership and the Association to examine the credentials of delegates and excellent way in which he had guided the work of the observers, a Credentials Committee was established for Association during his term of office. In particular, the the duration of the session with the principal delegates Association noted with satisfaction that its membership of Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Spain, Sweden and Ukraine had increased to 45, resulting in new challenges and as members. The principal delegate of Austria was desig­ opportunities for the Region. The Association welcomed nated as convenor. the visits undertaken by the president to some of the new 2.1.2 In accordance with Regulation 22 of the WMO Members and the contacts established with the others. General Regulations, the Credentials Committee exam­ 3.2 The Association endorsed the president's ana­ ined the credentials of delegates and observers to the lysis of the major global and regional issues which had session and presented two reports to the session on dominated its activities since the last session. It further those participants whose credentials were found to be in concurred with the president that the priorities of the order. The reports were accepted by the session. Association in establishing its work programme for the forthcoming intersessional period should include, 2.2 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (agenda item 2.2) among others: The provisional agenda was adopted without (a) An enhancement of the collaboration with the new change and is given in Appendix B to this report. Members; (b) A studied approach to the commercialization issue; 2.3 ESTABUSHMENT OF COMMfITEES (agenda item 2.3) (c) The development of a new basis for collaboration 2.3.1 . In accordance with Regulation 24 of the WMO among Members in the light of new possibilities General Regulations, the Association established the fol­ offered by technological advances in such areas as lowing committees: observations and telecommunications; (a) Nominations Committee composed of the prin­ (d) The elaboration of a realistic long-term plan for RA cipal delegates of Belarus, Finland, Slovakia, United VI and appropriate strategies for its implementation. Kingdom and Lebanon. The principal delegate of 3.3 In developing its work programme, the Finland was requested to serve as convenor; Association agreed to build not only on the opportuni- GENERAL SUMMARY 3 ties offered by technological advances, but also on the • Coordinate development of software for conversion overall favourable conditions for enhanced cooperation of alphanumeric codes to binary codesj between the Member States of the Region. • Study regional mechanisms that would contribute to the enhancement of the capability of NMCs to pro­ 4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - vide severe weather warnings; REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 4) • Support the development and implementation of procedures for collection and dissemination of auto­ 4.1 WWW STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION (agenda item 4.1) matic aircraft reports, including reports during ascent and descent phases of flight, in coordination with 4.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the the Operating Consortium of ASDAR (aircraft-to­ report of Prof. J. T. Riissanen (Finland), chairman of the satellite data relay) Participants and the Commission Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)j WWW in Region VI. The situation in the Region con­ • Report on the regional use of new data from, and tinued to evolve and implementation of new techno­ operational experience of, new observing systems, logies, increasing commercialization of meteorological such as automatic weather stations, radar networks, services and needs of new WMO Members, all of which wind and temperature profilers and thunderstorm affected the entire WWW system, definitely required detection techniques, and to formulate recommenda­ the continuation of the working group with similar tions based on those assessmentsj terms of reference, except for expansion of the activities • Review the RA VI meteorological telecommunication related to data management and their allocation to a plan, in the light of the requirements resulting from sub-group. The specific terms of reference and composi­ the inclusion of new centres in the Regional tion of the working group are contained in Resolution 1 Meteorological Telecommunication Network (RMTN) (XI-RA VI) adopted by the Association. and the use of new techniques like satellite telecom­ munications systems and the Packet-switching Public WORK PROGRAMME OF THE WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING Data Network (PSPDN)j AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION VI • Consider further the concept of Distributed 4.1.2 The Association considered and agreed on the Databases (DDBs) in RA VI and encourage and moni­ future work programme of the Working Group on tor trials on exchange of metadata between DDBsj Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region VI. • Study questions of data and product sets and related The following specific major tasks which needed further technical provisions which might be needed to satis­ coordination and attention were identified: fy the implications of commercialization activities. • Develop a mechanism for continuous monitoring of the performance of the WWW system (observing, REGIONAL DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM telecommunications, data-processing and data man­ 4.1.3 The Association considered the status of imple­ agement) in the Region. The mechanism should mentation of the Global Data-processing System (GDPS) include the capability to initiate remedial action to in the Region. The Regional Specialized Meteorological correct deficiencies identifiedj Centres with geographical specialization in RA VI were: • Continue to assess the existence of gaps in the Bracknell, Moscow, Rome and Offenbach. The European Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN), in close Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) cooperation with Members concerned, prepare a was the RSMC for medium-range forecasts. ECMWF, revised list of stations for inclusion in the RBSN, and Bracknell and Offenbach, as well as the NMC Toulouse, identify automatic stations on fixed positions at sea, were running global models. A large majority of NMCs to be included in the RBSNj were running limited area models. At its last session, the • Study and report on the capability and utilization of Executive Council approved the recommendation of the an integrated system of different observing networks Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) to deSignate (including satellites) to meet regional reqUirements Toulouse and Bracknell as RSMCs with specialization in for weather analYSiS, forecasts and warningsj the provision of transport model products for environ­ • In collaboraUon with the Coordination Group for the mental emergency response. In that connection the ses­ Composite Observing System for the North Atlantic sion was informed of transport modelling activities (COSNA), study and report on requirements for and undertaken at centres in Offenbach and Moscow. means of resourcing observing networks on the 4.1.4 The Association noted that some centres in North Atlanticj RA VI were beginning to generate numerical forecasts • Review needs for maintaining/establishing Regional for periods beyond ten days. Several centres were apply­ Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) and their ing statistical methods for longer-term predictions, and capabilities; a few centres were running numerical forecasts up to • Study the requirements for providing data, including 30 days or more once or twice a month. The technique boundary conditions needed for running limited area of ensemble forecasts was often used. In many cases the models (LAMs) at National MeteorologiCal Centres predictions were generated on an experimental basis. (NMCs), and possibilities for coordinating the related Several centres were producing climate diagnostic prod­ dataflowj ucts, like monthly average analysis or anomalies. The 4 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI products related to long-range forecasts and climate 4.1.8 The Association noted that the total number of diagnostics were not yet distributed on the Global ships recruited by Members of RA VI was over 2 250 plus Telecommunication System (GTS). The Association 1 700 by the former USSR countries (which included agreed that procedures should be developed by its Members of RA II). Issues related to a possible reduction in Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the the number of Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS), as a result WWW in Region VI, in collaboration with the CBS of restructuring of the economy in the former USSR, were Working Group on the GDPS, for the dissemination of covered under the report of the RA VI Rapporteur on Basic those products in accordance with the proviSions of and Specialized Marine MeteorolOgical Services. Part II, Section 1.1.3 of the Manual on the GDPS. 4.1.9 The Association noted that ten ships equipped 4.1.5 The Association noted that, as demonstrated by with Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP) objective criteria, there was continuing improvement in units, two ocean weather ships, five fixed platforms, and the accuracy of weather forecasts provided by Members over 200 data buoys were operating at present in the North and that such improvements were recognized by the Atlantic. The Association also noted with satisfaction the public. The Association recognized the great importance realization of a radiosonde station in the centre of the of making such progress clear to users and governments, North Sea. The station was funded cooperatively by seven as well as its close dependence on sustaining and Members bordering the North Sea. It noted with improving infrastructures, including the observing, satisfaction that there had been a relatively recent rapid communications and data processing systems. The increase in data availability from a variety of automated Association requested the Secretariat to assemble systems installed on commercial aircraft. information concerning such improvements and, in 4.1.10 The Association was informed of the plans of future, include it in documentation prepared for appro­ Spain to operate an ASAP unit on a ship in the area of the priate WMO bodies. Canary Islands and West Mrican coast (20 0-359N). It was 4.1.6 The Association noted that two centres in also informed that Sweden, together with Iceland, planned RA VI, appointed to perform global monitoring tasks, to operate two ASAP units in the North Atlantic. provided consolidated results over periods of six months. SPACE-BASED SUB-SYSTEM Those centres were RSMC Bracknell for marine surface data and ECMWF for upper-air data. RSMC Offenbach had been 4.1.11 The Association noted that the space-based designated lead centre for monitoring the quality of land sub-system, composed of polar-orbiting and geostation­ surface observations in RA VI and had started that function ary satellites operated by NOAA (USA), Russian on 1 January 1993. RSMC Offenbach produced monthly Federation, the European Organization for the lists of suspect stations and a consolidated list every six Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), months for distribution. It could also distribute monthly Japan and China, had continued to improve standard information on request. The Association agreed that, to services to Members of RA VI. It was noted with appre­ facilitate feedback on monitoring results, each Member ciation that METEOSAT-6 had been launched in should appoint a focal pOint, keeping the lead centres and November 1993 and GOES-8 in April 1994 and that the Secretariat informed. The focal point should be planned satellite activities included: responsible for the national observing system, should liaise • A METEOSAT Transition Programme (MTP) by 1995j directly with the lead centres and the Secretariat, follow • A METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) Programme up on corrective action on monitoring results and provide by the end of the centuryj prompt feedback to the lead centres. • USA: launching of GOES-J in 1995, GOES-K in 1998, GOES-L in 1999 and GOES-M in 2003j REGIONAL OBSERVING SYSTEM • Russian Federation: launching of GOMS in the sec­ SURFACE-BASED SUB-SYSTEM ond quarter 1994j 4.1.7 The Association considered the status of • Continuation of the NOAA TIROS seriesj implementation of the observing network in Region VI • Continuation of the Russian Federation METEOR-3 and noted that the level of implementation of the Regional seriesj Basic Synoptic Network had been assessed as 96 per cent • A METEOR-3M new generation satellite system from for surface stations and 92 per cent for upper-air stations. 1997. However, only 22 per cent of the upper-air stations ANNUAL GLOBAL MONITORING (RESULTS OF 1991 AND 1992) satisfied the need for twelve-hourly observations of temperature and humidity and for six-hourly observations 4.1.12 The Association was pleased to note that the of wind. The. Association noted, with concern, the recent availability of data in RA VI was generally satisfactory, reduction in data from many areas of eastern Europe but, although a recent reduction had been noted from the with respect to the Russian Federation, the Association was eastern and south-eastern parts of the Region. The informed that the problems had been recognized and Association agreed that in order to identify better the remedial actions were being taken. Cessation of the reasons for defiCienCies, in particular distinguishing sounding programmes in some other locations, especially between Global Observing System (GOS) and GTS those close to the Atlantic, were also viewed with concern. deficiencies, RA VI Members should be invited to provide The Association requested all Members to meet the agreed comprehensive information on the suspension of needs. observing programmes and of transmissions on circuits GENERAL SUMMARY 5 together with the results of the annual global monitoring. Regional Telecommunication Hubs (RTHs) and between The Association agreed that RA VI Members should be RTHs and their associated NMCs. The Association, how­ invited to review the list of silent stations with a view to ever, decided that an annual exchange was practical and ensuring that any required amendment to the RBSN was recorded its decision in paragraph 4.4.12 below. submitted to the president of RA VI for consideration. It SEVERE WEATIlER EVENTS also agreed that RA VI Members should be invited to review the information given in Volumes A and C of 4.1.18 The Association recognized that, although WMO No.9, Weather Reporting, to ensure it reflected Members had implemented national warning procedures current operational status and to send appropriate to advise relevant authorities on the expected occurrence amendments to the WMO Secretariat. of severe weather events, a decision to issue warning 4.1.13 The Association urged all RA VI Members to bulletins based on direct interpretation of numerical participate in the annual global monitoring and weather prediction (NWP) model output was still subject to encouraged them to exchange monitoring results on various difficulties; in that regard a regional coordination electronic media. or advisory mechanism might be useful. It endorsed the recommendation of the Workiiig Group on Planning and EASTERN EUROPE Implementation of the WWW in Region VI that, at 4.1.14 The Association noted the economic and polit­ present, there was no requirement for the creation of an ical developments in the eastern European countries RSMC with activity specialization in warnings for severe and, considering the effect of that development on weather events, but invited existing RSMCs and the NMCs, www components: which used appropriate tools to detect severe weather • It encouraged new Members to continue to maintain events, to make available the corresponding relevant the operation of WWW components at the agreed products and information on request. level of operation; 4.1.19 In that regard, and taking into account that the • It recommended that changes in national practices, provision of severe weather warnings was a responSibil­ as related to international procedures such as net­ ity of national Meteorological Services and was a high­ work of station index numbers or message bulletin priority activity of all Services, the Association recog­ headings reflecting the new national situation, nized that new efforts should be made in developing should be made in an organized fashion in coordina­ mechanisms and activities to enhance the efficiency of tion with the WMO Secretariat and according to the Services in that area. The Association agreed to include established procedures; further consideration of possible regional mechanisms e It considered identified deficiencies in WWVV com­ in the terms of reference of the Working Group on ponents, as monitored by its working group, and re­ Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region commended that assistance to the NMHSs of eastern VI during the next intersessional period. European countries should be provided within the

relevant programmes of WMO and other organiza­ NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTRES tions, and on a bilateral or multilateral basis. As regards the observing networks, that assistance might 4.1.20 The Association noted that many NMCs in include: provision of consumables to overcome tem­ RA VI ran various kinds of limited area models. The porary shortages; provision of new instruments and French NMC/RSMC Toulouse ran a variable resolution eqUipment, either free of charge or on a lease basis, or spectral model and was also developing a new limited at reasonably low prices offered by manufacturers; area model in cooperation with Austria, Bulgaria, the provision of automatic stations, especially for remote Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and locations; secondment of experts for the upgrading Slovakia. Several countries (Denmark, Finland, France, of networks; and education and training of personnel Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain and for maintenance. Sweden) participated in the HIRLAM project, where 4.1.15 The Association noted information provided development of LAM was shared. Similarly, Germany on institutional cooperative arrangements made and Switzerland were cooperating in the development between the Hydrometeorological Services of countries of a high-resolution LAM, the output of which was now from the former Soviet Republics. available on an operational basis. The United Kingdom 4.1.16 The Association noted with satisfaction that had developed a LAM for which there was portable WMO had organized a meeting of Directors of Newly software. Many other NMCs were experimenting with Independent States (Geneva, February 1993), during or planning to start LAM activities. Taking into account which they had been briefed on WMO programmes, the interest of many NMCs to run limited area models, including overall sta~s and future developments, and a first investigation had been undertaken by the on WMO's structure and coordination mechanisms. coordinator of the Sub-group on the Regional Aspects of the GDPS, by means of a questionnaire, in order to CONSIDERATION OF TIlE RECOMMENDATIONS OF CBS-X evaluate Members' requirements for data. The 4.1.17 The Association considered the rec'ommenda­ Association was informed about that work and agreed tion of CBS-X regarding the three-monthly exchange of that the study on the provision of data should be routeing catalogues of data and products between continued as a matter of priority by its Working Group 6 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in 4.2.4 The Association recognized that the RBSN Region VI. was designed primarily to meet the needs of global 4.1.21 The Association noted there were several infor­ modelling and was insufficient to cover all the opera­ mal groups in RA VI, e.g. EWGLAM (European Working tional needs within the Region, in particular with regard Group on Limited Area Modelling), EGOWS (European to limited area models and local forecasting. Moreover, Group on Operational Meteorological Workstations), or other WMO programmes, and programmes of other teams working on coordinated projects that were under­ international organizations had needs for growing taking valuable activities in which coordinators and/or amounts of data. rapporteurs of various sub-groups participated. The 4.2.5. The Association agreed that further studies on the Association agreed that experts participating in similar requirements on the RBSN needed to be carried out by the activities and those mentioned above should provide RA VI Working Group on Planning and Implementation the WMO Secretariat with information on the activities of the WWW, taking into account all components of the of such informal groups by sending progress reports and observing system as well as the enhancement of data newsletters issued after annual meetings. assimilation techniques to integrate a variety of data sources. It requested the working group to consider, in particular, the ability of composite observing systems to 4.2 OBSERVING SYSTEM, INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS meet the data reqUirements for operational meteorology AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME and other WMO programmes. In that context the (agenda item 4.2) Association agreed that data requirements of Members in REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK (RBSN) the Region referred also to areas outside RA VI, in particular 4.2.1 The Association reviewed the Regional Basic the North Atlantic area. Consequently, it requested its Synoptic Network of surface and upper-air stations in Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the Region VI. It noted with appreciation the efforts under­ WWW to maintain close collaboration with the taken by its working group on the redesign of the RBSN. Coordination Group for COSNA, formed by a group of 4.2.2 The Association noted that the Regional Basic RA VI Members. It further advised the working group to Synoptic Network represented the regional contribution collaborate with the CBS Working Group on Observations of fixed station observations to the GOS. Accordingly, in defining the future RBSN as part of the GOS. the Association adopted the following minimum requirements for the RBSN for the next intersessional OTHER OBSERVING PROGRAMMES period: 4.2.6 The Association urged Members of RA VI to support, to the extent pOSSible, the work related to the Spatial Observing CompOSite Observing System for the North Atlantic, in resolution frequencies particular the Coordination Group for COSNA. In that regard the Association was informed of the recent status Surface observations 150 km ) 8 per day of COSNA. It noted with appreciation that the interest (For sparsely populated (300 km) ) of Members in maintaining the operation of the COSNA areas) components was increasing and that some Members were considering the deployment of ASAP units in addi­ Upper-air observations 2S0km 4 per day for tion to those operating in the North Atlantic. The (For sparsely populated (500 km) wind, 2 per Association also noted the contributions that the areas) day for tem­ ASDAR Programme was making to COSNA. The perature and Association expressed concern that, despite those humidity encouraging signals, COSNA faced serious difficulties if The Association further noted that Members were the financial burden of operating its components could increasingly replacing manned stations by automatic not be better shared among Members. Noting a recent stations as part of the RBSN. It expressed concern that WWW publication on the results of the studies of the automatic stations did not produce the. range of infor­ Scientific Evaluation Group on COSNA, the Association mation required from RBSN. recognized the substantial value of maintaining and 4.2.3 Following agreement on the minimum reqUire­ expanding the operation of the system for most of the ments, the Association adopted Resolution 2 (XI-RA VI) NMHSs in RA VI and encouraged all Members to con­ - Regional Basic Synoptic Network. The Association sider contributing to COSNA and the work of the requested the Secretary-General to circulate the list of Coordination Group on COSNA as a jointly funded RBSN stations to all Members, as a matter of urgency, cooperative effort. The Association acknowledged the inviting,them to review it and submit corrections where arrangements for jointly supporting the ocean weather necessary to the WMO Secretariat. The Association also station (OWS) Lima and for jointly funding OWS Mike recommended Members to give priority to the imple­ and the ASAP station on the Ekofisk Platform in the mentation of complete observing programmes at RBSN North Sea and agreed that such arrangements could stations rather than to extending the network with new serve as a model for international funding of COSNA stations, except in relation to emergency response activ­ components under a general scheme using the CEC ities as discussed under item 4.8. agreement. That could prove to be particularly useful in GENERAL SUMMARY 7 the case of components too costly to be funded by indi­ should continue to be apprised as further developments vidual Members. Members were also advised to consider occurred and that CBS should continue its efforts in that a balance between land-based and ocean observing net­ area. The Association expressed and reconfirmed its works in planning future systems. opinion that the LRPT/LRlT receiving stations should be 4.2.7 The Association noted with appreciation the tnte low-cost systems in order to assure a wide and con­ activities carried out by a working group on the opera­ tinuous use of meteorological satellite data. The tional use of European radar data as well as the progress Secretary-General was requested to inform satellite oper­ in the work of COST-74 on the use of wind-profilers. ators, through the CGMS, of the low-cost requirement Noting that 12 European countries participated in the during the definition of the LRPT/LRIT systems. The COST-74 project, the Association expressed concern Secretary-General was also requested to continue co­ that frequency allocations for operational wind profilers ordinating the specifications and requirements of still remained the most important problem. Having Members for the new systems with manufacturers and been informed that that matter would be considered by suppliers of satellite receiving equipment. the next World Administrative Radio Conference 4.2.11 The Russian Federation informed the session of (WARe) in 1997, the Association was pleased to learn the continued development of the METEOR series of that COST-74 had prepared concrete proposals for polar-orbiting satellites, including the cooperative pro­ WARC-97 and submitted them through appropriate gramme with the USA in flying a TOMS ozone observing mechanisms. It hoped that those proposals would be the system on METEOR-3 No.5 (launched in 1991) and the basis for frequency allocation at WARC-97. The work of programme in cooperation with France in mounting the COST-74 would be continued by the new COST-action ScaRaB radiation balance scanning radiometer on 76 "Development of VHF/UHF Wind Profilers and METEOR-3 No.7 (launched 25 January 1994). Vertical Sounders for use in European Observing Systems". INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME 4.2.8 The Association noted with great concern the 4.2.12 The Association stressed the importance of uncertainties about the continued operation of the knowing the performance characteristics of sensors and Omega radio navigation system upon which so many instruments used at surface-based meteorological sta­ upper-air observations depended. It also noted that suit­ tions and supported Resolution 6 (EC-XLII) by which able low-cost replacement technology using the Global the corresponding recommendations of the tenth ses­ Positioning System (GPS) for wind finding was neither sion of CIMO had been adopted. available nor proven. Much further work was needed 4.2.13 The Association noted with appreciation that concerning the accuracy of wind measurements from regional radiation standards had been verified during such technoiogy, and all indications were that there the WMO Seventh International Pyrheliometer Com­ would be a significant increase in costs. The Association, parison at the World Radiation Centre in Davos, therefore, requested the Secretary-General to refer tech­ Switzerland, in September/October 1990 against the nical and cost issues for study to experts from the World Radiation Reference. The results were published Commission for Instruments and Methods of Obser­ by the Swiss Meteorological Institute, Davos and Zurich, vation (CIMO) and CBS, as a matter of urgency, in order in March 1991. The Association discussed the need to that the matter might be considered during the extra­ organize a regional pyrheliometer comparison in 1995, ordinary session of CBS in August 1994. Furthermore, bearing in mind that the last comparison was carried the Association requested the Secretary-General to out in 1990. maintain close liaison with the Omega Operating 4.2.14 The Executive Council at its forty-fifth session Authorities to secure the continued operation of the sys­ had stressed the importance of instrument inter­ tem into the next decade. comparisons. The Association noted with appreciation that France and the UK, in close collaboration with SATELLITE PROGRAMMES Switzerland and the Netherlands, had hosted such inter­ 4.2.9 The Association noted with appreciation the comparisons. They had also provided the necessary reports on the status of satellite programmes, use of assistance for the organization of the intercomparisons, satellite data in models, and use of satellite imagery as a their implementation and the preparation of the results tool for weather analYSis and prediction when integrat­ for publication. ed with other sources of data such as radars, automatic 4.2.15 The Association underscored the importance of weather stations, model outputs, etc. to develop tech­ the information published in the Instruments and niques for nowcasting and very short-range forecasting Observing _Methods Reports series that were regularly of severe weather phenomena. distributed to all Members. Those reports provided valu­ 4.2.10 The Association noted the status report con­ able guidance on measurement and observing tech­ cerning the conversion of analogue APT/WEFAX to niques and were, in addition, a very useful means for digital LRPT/LRlT. It was also pleased to note that it was the transfer of knowledge to developing countries. The being kept well-informed sufficiently in advance to importance of making the reports available in the work­ allow for a smooth transition to the digital low resolu­ ing languages of the Organization was stressed. tion satellite image transmissions scheduled to occur at­ 4.2.16 Members of RA VI had appreciated the opportun­ the end of the decade. The Association requested that it ity to participate in and contribute to the-technical 8 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI conferences, TECO-9Z and TECO-94, and the com­ • GDPS centres should be invited to participate in the prehensive International Exhibitions of Meteorological relevant projects of the WMO Public Weather Service Instruments, Equipment and Services (METEOREX-9Z and Programme (PWSP)j -94). Such conferences were helpful in obtaining inform­ • RSMCs and NMCs which used appropriate tools to ation on the present status and the future development of detect severe weather events should be invited to instrumentation and methods of observation and should make available the corresponding relevant products also be used for educational purposes. on requestj 4.2.17 The Association noted with appreciation that • The pertinent products, which could be transmitted the newly established Regional Instrument Centre in to NMCs to help the forecasters detect severe Trappes, France, had started its work in accordance with weather events, should be investigatedj its terms of reference for the benefit of Members. The • It was necessary to examine whether the current Association noted the establishment of a Steering WAREP/WAFOR codes were well adapted to provide Council to monitor the work of the centre and to give information about severe weather events or whether advice for improving its work. The centre regularly dis­ new formats would have to be developed. tributed a newsletter to Members with information on its activities. OBSERVATIONAL DATA REQUIREMENTS 4.2.18 It was stressed that continuous efforts were 4.3.2 The Association agreed that ways of collecting all necessary to enhance the quality of observations. automated aircraft data from all areas should be considered Members were therefore urged to carry out inspections by its Sub-groups on Data Management and the Global of their networks of stations at frequent intervals to Telecommunication System. They should also consider ensure the correct functioning of instruments and their ways of disseminating TOVS soundings at 120 km, TOVS proper calibration according to the procedures con­ radiances produced by NESDIS, newly -available tained in the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments scatterometer data from the satellite ERS and wind profiler and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8). Special atten­ data using BUFR code to GDPS centres in the Region. tion should be directed to the frequent calibration 4.3.3 The Association agreed that, to take advantage of barometers used operationally. Considering the of modern NWP techniques, the frequency of observa­ results of the WMO Digital Barometer Comparison tions should be four times a day for upper-air data and (published in WMO/TD-No. 474), the Association eight times a day for surface observations, as specified in advised its Members that digital barometers with an paragraph 4.2.2. It noted further that, with advances in improved long-term stability were very suitable for use data assimilation techniques enabling use of data at all as travelling standards. validity times, it would be desirable in the next few 4.2.19 The Association requested that more emphasis years to exchange regional surface observations on an should be given, within CIMO, to the specification of hourly basis. techniques suitable for measuring the urban environ­ ment and that that request be brought to the attention TRAINING of the president of CIMO. 4.3.4 The Association agreed that, in addition to for­ 4.2.20 The Association considered Resolution 4 (X-RA mal training, the participation of meteorologists from VI) - Regional Instrument Centre - and Resolution 35 developing services in the NWP activities of advanced (84-RA VI) - Regional Radiation Centres of Region VI ~ services was the best way to ensure efficiently the neces­ and agreed that the contents of those resolutions should sary technology transfer. It noted with appreciation that be induded in the Manual on the Global Observing two training seminars on NWP systems and products System, Volume II, Regional aspects, Region VI (Europe). had been organized by RSMC Offenbach in October Resolution 3 (XI-RA VI) was adopted. 1992 and 1993. It also noted plans by RSMC Offenbach to organize a seminar in 1995 on use of satellite imagery 4.3 DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM (agenda item 4.3) for analysis and forecasting with emphasis on hazardous ADOPTION OF ACTIVITY SPECIALIZATION BY EXISTING CENTRES weather, and plans by RSMC Toulouse to organize a FOR SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS workshop on its new NWP system and products in 1994. 4.3.1 The session considered the question of provi­ sion of severe weather warnings and agreed that: 4.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (agenda item 4.4) • New efforts should be made in developing mechan­ STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF POINT-TO-POINT CIRCUITS isms and activities to enhance the efficiency of NMCs AND CENTRES and to strengthen regional coordination in providing 4.4.1 The Association reviewed the status of imple­ severe weather warningsj mentation of the pOint-to-point circuits induded in the • At present there was no need for the creation of an Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network, RSMC with activity specialization in warning of and of the additional circuits not induded in the GTS . severe weather eventsj plan, which were used for meteorological data • Centres which had implemented national warning exchange. The session noted with appreciation the procedures should be invited to make increased use important progress made in the implementation of X.25 of existing tools, like WAREP/WAFOR messages, in procedures, enabling binary data exchange, which were order to transmit this information to other centresj in operation on forty-one Circuits concerning RA VI. GENERAL SUMMARY 9

Four circuits were also operating at a data rate of 64 ued. World Meteorological Centre (WMC) Moscow was Kbit/s. The Association considered that 64 Kbit/s would also planning the distribution of data and facsimile increasingly be required to accommodate growing peak products via the new geostationary meteorological satel­ traffic, but it also believed that the actual efficiency of lite planned to be launched in 1994. 9.6 Kbit/s circuits could be significantly improved by 4.4.8 Within the framework of the International the implementation of more effective transmission Civil Aviation Organization (lCAO), the UK had been techniques and procedures, in particular logical multi­ requested by the ICAO Council to implement a satellite­ plexing, transmission of binary data and coded digital based telecommunication system for the distribution of facsimile transmission in T4 code. WAFS products and OPMET data in Europe, Africa and 4.4.2 The Association noted with appreciation that the Middle East, the so-called SADIS. The general project several RTHs and NMCs had recently been equipped had been agreed upon by the European ICAO bodies with new telecommunication computer systems, and concerned and subsequently adopted by the ICAO that several other centres had firm plans for the renew­ Council, but its financial aspects, in particular cost­ al of their computer systems in the near future. recovery mechanisms, were still under discussion. The initial transmission service was expected to be estab­ SYSTEMS BASED ON TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES VIA lished during 1994. The Association recognized that SATELLITE SADIS was designed to cover not only RA VI, but also 4.4.3 The Association noted with appreciation that RA I and areas of RA II as part of the global WAFS data several systems for the transmission of meteorological distribution system. It noted in that context that select­ information based on pOint-to-multipoint telecommu­ ed WAFS products were being distributed through vari­ nication services via satellite were in operation or ous ·other means, including satellite broadcasts such as planned for the near future in the Region. MDD, which operated as part of the GTS. WAFS was fur­ 4.4.4 Since 1988, France had operated a satellite­ ther considered under agenda item 7.3. based distribution system, called RETIM, via the EUTEL­ RADIO BROADCASTS SAT II satellite which covered RA VI almost completely. About 300 RETIM receiving stations were in operation 4.4.9 The Association noted that all operating cen­ inside France and 20 stations outside France, located in treshad plans to minimize the high recurrent costs for meteorological centres in Region VI and the northern the, operation of radio broadcasts, taking advantage of part of Region I. RETIM included two channels operat­ more cost-effective means of transmission. On 1 Sep­ ing at 9.6 Kbit/s for the transmission of observational tember 1993, RTH Bracknell combined the two radio data; processed information in charts and binary format facsimile broadcasts into a single one which was expect­ and imagery (some in special national codes). The ses­ ed to continue for some years and which would eventu­ sion was informed that METEOFRANCE planned to ally be replaced by a satellite-based multipoint service. insert data in GRIB code and facsimile charts in T4 code The radio teleprinter broadcast had become a facility for in 1994, and that, by 1995, all the data and products national purposes, without any commitment for con­ transmitted on RETIM would comply with WMO stan­ tinuation of the service. RTH Offenbach planned to dis­ dard codes and procedures. In 1995, it was also planned continue its two radio facsimile broadcasts by mid-1995. to upgrade the total capacity of the system to 64 Kbit/s. WMC Moscow had reduced the number of radio trans­ 4.4.5 The Meteorological Data Distribution Service mitters, and the combination of the two radio facsimile (MDD) via METEOSAT was mainly aimed at serving . broadcasts into a single ,one as well as the discontinua­ Meteorological Services in Africa, but several receiving tion of the radio teleprinter broadcast were under con­ stations were in operation in Region VI. In addition to sideration. WMC Moscow was also planning the intro­ the two uplinks operated by RTHs Bracknell and Rome, duction of data and facsimile dissemination on televi­ respectively, a third channel operated by RTH Toulouse· sion channels; as an economical means for disseminat­ was planned to be operational by early 1995. ing information to users. RTH Sofia discontinued its 4.4.6 RTHs Bracknell and Toulouse were transmit­ radio teleprinter broadcast early in 1994. RTH Prague ting bulletins and warnings for maritime activities on also discontinued its radio facsimile broadcast. the INMARSAT SafetyNET service for broadcast to ships. RADIO FREQUENCY MATTERS Ships were progressively equipped with INMARSAT-C terminals, and INMARSAT broadcasts would eventually 4.4.10 The Association was informed of the decisions supersede the radio facsimile and radio teleprinter of the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC- broad~asts for ships. The collection of ship reports . 92) regarding frequency bands for meteorological activ­ through INMARSj\T Coast Earth Stations was a routine ities. It noted with concern the increasing pressure put and efficient service. on frequency bands allocated to meteorological activ­ 4.4.7 The Association noted that Germany pla·nned ities, and in particular to the meteorolOgical satelliteser­ to implement a satellite-based· distribution system as· vices and soundings. It noted with appreciation the from the beginning of 1995, which would operate at a active involvement of WMO in relevant ITU meetings~ data rate of 64 Kbit/s. The new system would replace .. and in particular in the ITURadiocommunication and conSiderably expand the two radio facsim:ile broad­ Sector's (former C.C.I.R. and I.F.R.B.) studies and coor­ casts (DCF3? and DCF 54) which would be discontin- dination activities with a view to safeguarding existing 10 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI frequency allocations and obtaining new frequency encouraged RA VI Members to give due consideration allocations when new requirements emerge. to the possible introduction of packet-switch 4.4.11 The Association strongly urged RA VI Members equipment which also greatly facilitated the use of to register with their national telecommunication Packet-Switching Public Data NetWorks. administration all meteorolOgical radiocommunication ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF lHEREGIONAL stations and frequencies used with a view to: (i) safe­ METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK guarding frequency allocations to meteorological ser­ vices; and (ii) obtaining protection against possible 4.4.13 Taking into account current and foreseeable harmful interference from other radiocommunication reqUirements on the RMTN, new available telecommu­ services. It also urged RA VI Members to contribute, in nication techniques and services, and the integration of coordination with their national telecommunication new Member states, the Association decided to review administrations, to relevant lTU Radiocommunication the configuration of the Regional Meteorological Sector studies, as appropriate, coordinating their efforts Telecommunication Network for the short term. The with the relevant CBS working group and the WMO Association also decided on a procedure for revising the Secretariat. The Association noted with appreciation the overall organization and operational structure of the involvement of several RA VI Members in the work of RMTN, including the development of a data com­ the lTU Radiocommunication Task Group on wind pro­ munication network and the possible integration of filer radars which completed its tasks at the end of 1993. satellite-based systems. The thorough revision should be In that regard, the Association expressed concern that based on the needs of all Members, and on minimizing the inclusion of the question of allocation of frequen­ Members' costs for multilateral and bilateral data cies for wind profiler radars on the agenda of a World communications. Administrative Radiocommunication Conference had REVISED REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION been postponed until 1997. NETWORK (SHORT TERM)

TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES 4.4.14 The Association agreed that the further devel­ 4.4.12 The Association noted with interest the following opment of the RMTN during the next few years until the conclusions and recommendations agreed upon by the implementation of a new structure would mainly con­ tenth session of CBS (November 1992), and invited RA VI sist of the continued improvement of point-to-point cir­ Members to take the relevant implementation action: cuits by the full implementation of X.2S procedures, (a) The Secretary-General to initiate the aSSignment of including virtual circuits, and the possible introduction headers for bulletins originating from new Member of a packet-switching mode of operation with a view to States in cooperation with those Members: the enhancing the interconnectivity between centres. The ' aSSignment of headers was· expected to be com­ RMTN would also comprise distribution systems based pleted by the end of 1994; on pOint-to-multipoint telecommunication services via (b) The establishment of a database for the catalogue of satellite, which would replace radio broadcasts and were meteorological bulletins, with the expected likely to supersede some pOint-to-point circuits. In that involvement of one RTH per Region: the Association regard, the Association agreed upon the inclusion iIi the noted that RTHs Bracknell, Offenbach, and Toulouse RMTN plan of the distribution systems based on point­ had indicated their willingness to contribute to the to-multipoint telecommunication services via satellite necessary studies for the development of the bulletin operated by RTH Toulouse and planned by RTH database and, possibly, to assume the responsibility Offenbach, respectively. . for the work in the Region; 4.4.15 The Association agreed upon the short-term (c) The exchange of routeing catalogues of RTHs on . revision of the RMTN plan, mainly aiming at the floppy disk: the Association recommended that proper integration of the new Members of RA VI, partic­ routeing catalogues be exchanged at least annually, ularly with regard to the collection of data from the and preferably as of 1 October with a view to facil­ NMCs and their insertion into the GTS. The following itating cross-checking with the monitoring results; National Meteorological Centres of the new Members, (d) The storage of messages at GTS centres (RTHs) for a associated with an RTH as indicated below, were to be period of 24 hours; included in the:RMTN:· (e) The new procedure for addressed messages, in­ cluding request-reply messages, facilitating the NMC Assodated RTH autom~tic routeing of those messages over the GTS; (tJ The introduction of the packet-switching mode of Minsk (Belarus) Moscow operation and of packet-switch equipment, Kiev (Ukraine) Moscow considered to be very beneficial for the GTS Yerevan (Armenia) Moscow operation: the Association warmly encouraged all Kishinev (Moldova) Moscow RA VI centres to set up X.2S virtual circuits in Tbilisi (Georgia) Moscow replacement ofthe physical multiplexing carried out Riga (Latvia) Norrkoping . by modems (e.g. V.29), with a view to further Baku (Azerbaijan) Moscow increasing the actual throughput of circuits. It also Vilnius (Lithuania) Norrkoping GENERAL SUMMARY 11

Tallinn (Estonia) Norrk6ping (a) A wholly terrestrial network, using standard com­ Ljubljana (Slovenia) -Vienna puter-networking protocols over digital circuitsj Zagreb (Croatia) Vienna (b) An evolutionary development from the present Bratislava (Slovakia) Prague situation based on a diverse set of technologiesj Skopje (The Foriner Yugoslav (c) A two-way VSAT network in combination with Republic of Macedonia) Sofia other networking where appropriate. The statement of reqUirements for regional meteoro­ The Secretary-General was requested to verify the above logical telecommunications prepared by the Sub-group information with Members not attending XI-RA VI by on Regional Aspects of the GTS is given in the annex to 15 September 1994 with a view to implementing the cir­ this paragraph (Annex I). cuits by the beginning of 1995. It was noted that an 4.4.22 The Association agreed that there was a need NMC might also choose to make other connections for urgent implementation of the RMDCN and noted a which would have the status of "additional circuits" for conclusion of the sub-group that option (c) was strong­ example, NMC Minsk might link to Norrk6ping via ly preferred as the backbone of the future network. A Riga. satellite-based system would provide a high-quality ser­ 4.4.16 The Association agreed upon the inclusion and vice across the whole Region, would probably cost less deletion of circuits in the Regional Meteorological to operate than the existing network and was capable of Telecommunication Network as reflected in the annex being introduced in stages. However, in some parts of to Resolution 4 (XI-RA VI). the Region terrestrial communications were highly 4.4.17 The Association adopted Resolution 4 (XI-RA advanced and so a combination of new technologies VI) concerning amendments to the Manual on the GTS, might be the most cost-effective solution. The Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region VI (Europe), result­ Association considered that a RMDCN, based on a mix ing from the above consideration. of new technologies, had far-reaching implications of a ·4.4.18 The Association requested its Working Group on non-technical nature: Planning and Implementation of the WWW to develop a (a) The RMDCN would involve new financial arrange­ proposal for possible additional inter-regional circuits, ments for joint funding. For example, a VSAT net­ taking into consideration other circuits with the new states work had both central costs (such as the lease of from the former USSR in Region II, in coordination with satellite transponder capacity) and local costs (such the RA II Working Group on the WWW. as the VSAT earth station); I 4.4.19 The Association noted two proposals to estab­ (b) The RMDCN would involve coordinated procurement lish new RTHs in RA VI which had been submitted to of services. For example, a satellite service typically the Sub-group on Regional Aspects of Telecom­ used a single supplier at present because of the munications. The Association emphasized that the proprietary design of receiver equipmentj functions and responsibilities of RTHs were likely to (c) The RMDCN would involve a new contractual change significantly in the future. It also considered framework. At present each Member had contracts that already there were more RTHs in Europe than were with the national PTT (or a Public Telecom­ really needed to carry out the collection and distribu­ munication Operator in deregulated markets) for· tion of data in a cost-effective manner. The Association leased circuits. A regional network could be sup_· agreed that at present there was no requirement for plied by a single service operator, chosen by tender additional RTHs. from a number of such operators. in Europe. The contract with such a service operator might run for ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE NEW REGIONAL five years initially, giving an opportunity to review METEOROLOGICAL DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK both the reqUirement and the solution for the next (RMDCN) period of operation. Such a contract must be made 4.4.20 The Association was of the opinion that the with a "legal body" capable of acting on behalf of existing telecommunication network which supported the Association. . operational meteorology in Europe did not satisfy all the 4.4.23 Those legal and financial issues presented a current and expected requirements of the Members of challenge to· the Members of the Association. Given a Regional Association VI. It identified the deficiencies of· solution, Members expected to derive benefit because the present RMTN, as well as the outline requirements for their existing linkage to the GTS was either low in per­ a new data-communication service which would meet the formance or costly, or both. The potential benefits reqUirements of Members in the foreseeable future. The might justify the effort of creating the financial and Association agreed that there was a need to plan and legal frameworks as quickly as possible. implement a new data-communication service which 4.4.24 The Association recognized that there was no might be called the Regional Meteorological ·Data provision in the WMO budget to support that activity Communication Network (RMDCN). and agreed that it should be fully supported by the par~ 4.4.21 The Association noted that the Sub-group on ticipating Members. Regional Aspects of the GTS had considered three broad 4.4.25 The Association decided to proceed on two technology options which might be used to create the levels, because financial and legal issues needed to be RMDCN: addressed in parallel with network issues. The special 12 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI arrangement would be known as the "RMDCN a view to aSSisting Members which might experience Initiative". On one level, a Steering Group would act on financial difficulties in procuring and installing the neces­ behalf of the Association, and report to the president sary equipment. The Association also !dentified definite during the intersessional period regarding proposals for: training requirements in data communication techniques • The legal framework (e.g. intergovernmental or non- and procedures, in particular X.2S, packet-switching and governmental agreement)j upper-layer protocols, and in telecommunication tech­ • The financial arrangements for joint fundingj niques to be used for the RMDCN, and it requested the • The management issues. Secretary-General to consider the organization of a train­ On the other level, technical work would be undertaken ing seminar on those matters in the near future. The in two phases. That work would also be guided by and Association adopted Resolution 5 (XI-RA VI). report to the Steering Group. In Phase I a Study Team would be formed: 4.5 DATA MANAGEMENT, INCLUDING MATTERS • To complete a comprehensive assessment of the RELATED TO CODES (agenda item 4.5) requirements for the RMDCNj WWW DATA MANAGEMENf • To identify the network options and their financial 4.5.1 The Association was informed that the consequencesj Distributed Databases concept had made a quantum • To make a cost/benefit evaluationj step forward when CBS-X agreed that, in addition to the • To propose a timetable for Phase II, the implementa- WWW, DDBs should also support emerging needs for tion phase. data of other WMO programmes by making information An important criterion when considering service available concerning the nature and location of a options would be the necessity for a smooth transition variety of meteorological and environmental data sets. from RMTN to RMDCN. The WWW DDBs concept was renamed WMO DDBs: 4.4.26 Following approval by the Steering Group of 4.5.2 The Association noted that considerable the results of Phase I, approval of all Members of RA VI progress has been made towards implementation of would be sought through the president so that the DDBs. In 1993, a survey of Members represented on all Steering Group might assess the future of the initiative. CBS working groups and the CCI Working Group on It would not be necessary for every Member to join the Climate Data was undertaken to ascertain their require­ initiative at that point, but a minimum number would ments for DDBs. A task team for implementation of be needed to make the project viable. If it was decided DDBs was established and had held its first meeting in to proceed with implementation, a Project Team would November 1993. One third of the task team members be formed: were from RA VI. The meeting defined priOrities for • To prepare a procurement specificationj implementation and recommended that a number of • To run a competitive procurement exercisej trial systems should be developed to evaluate the con­ • To implement the new systemj and finally cept and refine reqUirements. Prototype systems would • To hand over to the management· and operation be available for evaluation in mid-1994. phase. 4.5.3 The Association agreed, after conSideration, 4.4.27 All the above activity would have to be closely that the Working Group on Planning and coordinated with the Members. Each Member would Implementation of the WWW in Region VI should identify two national focal pOints, one to liaise with the include a Sub-group on Data Management to deal with Steering Group on policy issues and the other to liaise that complicated field which required the knowledge of with the Study/Project Teams on technical and opera- very advanced and rapidly evolving technologies. That tional issues. . aspect was covered in Resolution 1 (XI-RA VI). The 4.4.28 The Association agreed that the membership of major tasks of the sub-group would be to: the Steering Group should comprise senior representa­ • I~tiate a pilot project for real-time monitoring of tives of Member States which were committed to con­ data availability in RA VI, and investigate procedures tribute to the initiative and that those Members should which could be implemented for possible real-time make the necessary financial and administrative remedial actionsj arrangements to permit the initiative to proceed. The • Consider further the concept of DDBs in RA VI, mon­ Steering Group would appoint the members of the study itor trials on DDBs metadata exchanges, which might and other teams necessary to carry forward the detailed be initiated between willing centreSj activities. The Association requested the Steering Group • Keep abreast of and coordinate data management to organize,. as soon as pOSSible, the initial work of the features which could be of interest for Region VI, in Study Team. In view of the urgency, the Steering Group particular with regard to the principles, models and should meet before the end of 1994 to consider the ini­ methods for design and control of RA VI databases tial work of the Study Team. The Study Team should and data flow. provide a final report containing its proposals to the Steering Group by mid-199S. CODING PRACTICES 4.4.29 The Association considered that the adoption of 4.5.4 The Association considered the proposal of sev­ the plan for the RMDCN as agreed above should also lead eral of its Members to change the code for wind speed in to the creationof a coordinated cooperation project with messages to the SI unit (metre/second). It agreed to fol- GENERAL SUMMARY 13

low the relevant resolution of Congress (Resolution 30 Energy Agency (IAEA), the body responsible for the (Cg-V» and decided to implement the 51 unit mls for implementation of the Conventions on Early Notification reporting wind speed throughout Region VI as from of a Nuclear Accident and on Assistance in Case of a 1 July 1996. The UK informed the Association that it Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency by the United would continue to use kts as the unit for wind speed as Nations organizations and Member states. The Association long as it was permitted by the existing regulations and reviewed in particular the arrangements for the exchange relevant provisions of Congress. The Association noted of data and information, tne role of the WMO Secretariat, that the implementation of its decision would require and the mechanisms for the provision of atmospheriC c·oordination with other international organizations, transport model products which were currently based on particularly the International Civil Aviation the four designated RSMCs, Bracknell, Montreal, Toulouse Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime and Washington. The Association also noted that many Organization (IMO). The Association requested the NMCs (e.g. Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Russian Secretary-General to bring its decision to the attention Federation and Sweden) had also implemented transport of ICAO, and aeronautical user organizations through models for application to emergency environmental ICAO, and IMO as a matter of urgency and to enlist, response. Access to products from those NMCs by other where appropriate, their concurrence and participation Members had been arranged on a bilateral basis. in its implementation. 4.8.2 The Association was informed of the conclu­ sions and recommendations of the International 4.6 "WWW SYSTEM SUPPORT ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING Workshop on Users' ReqUirements for the Provision of OPERATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE Atmospheric Transport Model Products, held in (agenda item 4.6) Montreal, Canada, in September 1993. It noted the re­ 4.6.1 The Association noted that the impact of new commendations addressed to WMO and the proposed technologies on training programmes was a universal standards for the provision of international services by issue for WMO Members, and not just for developing RSMCs, which would be considered by the relevant CBS countries. It believed that innovative techniques needed working groups and the extraordinary session of CBS in to be developed for training the full staff at stations, August 1994. It also noted the actions to be taken by from the technicians to the managers, to be able to designated RSMCs, WMO and IAEA to facilitate the pro­ make the most effective use of the new and more abun­ vision and use of transport model products for environ­ It -+ dant data being made available. It also· believed that mental emergency response. identified the use of the training programmes prepared for developing countries GTS for the dissemination of products and the need for could also have significant application within RA VI, the provision of user guidelines on the proper use of the especially for the new countries of eastern Europe. products as salient issues in the Region which should be 4.6.2 The Association urged, therefore, that special addressed with a high priority. attention and support be given to the problems of train­ 4.8.3 The quality of the transport model output cru­ ing in respect of the new technologies. It supported the cially depended on the timely availability of observa­ work of WMO in that regard, and encouraged donors to tional data of high horizontal and vertical resolution, support initiatives that would make available innovative especially from the region where an emergency had training programmes. It further urged that any such occurred. The Association noted with concern that the programmes which were created should be modular so availability on a regular basis of meteorological data as to be used by a wide variety ofMeteorological Services from the eastern part of the Region had recently been in different stages of development. greatly reduced due to financial difficuities· of national 4.6.3 The Association welcomed the "Guidelines for Meteorological Services (NMSs). Some delegations, e.g. technical cooperation projects providing computer­ those of Belarus and Ukraine, informed the Association based systems for the implementation of WWW com­ that further reductions were to be expected in the near ponents and facilities", issued by CBS-X and reproduced future, because additional financial support could not in the annex to this paragraph (Annex II), and urged its be identified from national or international sources. The Members to observe them when introducing new auto­ most urgent task would be to finance the procurement mated systems or system components. of consumables and spare parts for upper-air stations and later for the modernization of eqUipment, where 4.7 WMO SATEllITE ACTIVITIES (agenda item 4.7) necessary, including equipment for vertical radioactiv­ The Association recorded its consideration of ity profiles. The Association stressed that upper-air WMO satellite activities in paragraph~ 4.1.11 and 4.2.9 data from the vicinity of each nuclear power plant was to 4.2.11 above. highly desirable. Resolution 6 (XI-RA VI) - Data Requirements for Emergency Response Activities - was 4.8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES (agenda. item 4.8) adopted. 4.8.4 The Association was of the opinion that, as 4.8.1 The Association noted the status of the regards the GOS, emergency response activities were international emergency response arrangements in case of likely to generate new requirements, which, if met, . a nuclear emergency which had been coordinated by UN would enhance the GOS, and which might include organizations under the lead of the International Atomic denser observing networks in areas surrounding nuclear 14 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI power plants thanwas currently the WMO standard, or WCP and its associated activities continuing to make an new observational parameters related to radiology. effective contribution to the implementation of Agenda Therefore, the Association requested its Working Group 21, adopted by UNCED, and to the work of the CSD, the on the Planning and Implementation of the WWW to Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (in the review existing and planned observational networks future the Conference of the Parties) for the FCCC, and related to emergency response activities schemes, and to IPCC, as well as to the socio-economic development of make proposals on how best the observations generated nations. The Association noted that the WMO Executive under such schemes could be integrated into the GOS. Council had endorsed the four main thrusts of the WCP •.8.5 The requirement stated by the four designated and its associated activities recommended by the IGM­ .RSMCs for access to all up-to-the-minute observational WCP, namely: data of global coverage was seen as very critical in case (a) Climate services for sustainable development; of an emergency. Furthermore, in that connection, the (b) New frontiers in climate science and prediction; Association recognized the need of National Meteoro­ (c) Dedicated observations of the climate system; logical Centres, with national responsibility to generate (d) Studies of climate impact assessments and response transport model products, to have access to all required strategies to reduce vulnerability. WWW and other observations in case of an emergency. 5.1.3· The Association further noted that the recom­ In addition to the meteorological data, centres required mendations of the Intergovernmental Meeting concern­ information on the location, type and operations of all ing the need for strengthening national climate activ­ nuclear facilities. The Association requested the ities, in particular through the establishment of national Secretary-General to arrange for the provision of such climate programmes, had been endorsed by the WMO information in cooperation with IAEA. The Association Executive Council. Such national climate activities re­ requested CBS to arrange to review and update data presented the fundamental building blocks for the WCP, reqUirements for transport model applications; to without which the IPCC and the INC for the FCCC review the requirements, procedures and facilities need­ could not have undertaken their respective roles. The ed to exchange the data and products; and to assemble Association recalled that, for a ::lumber of years, WMO those requirements into a statement for guidance to had been promoting the establishment of national Members in undertaking their emergency response climate programmes and respective national climate co­ responsibilities. ordination bodies. The Association urged Members to develop their national climate-related activities in sup­ 5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME - REGIONAL port of sustainable development. The Association ASPECTS (agenda item 5) requested WMO to continue to assist Members, espe­ 5.1 GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE WORLD CLIMATE cially developing countries, in that endeavour and con- . PROGRAMME (WCP) (agenda item 5.1) sidered that a clear indication should be given of the 5.1.1 The Association was informed of a number of role which national Meteorological and Hydrological important developments and events related to the Services (NMHSs) should play. climate change issue and the overall coordination of 5.1.4 The Association was informed about· the on­ the World Climate Programme which had taken place going activities of a national climate programme in since X-RA VI (Sofia, 1990), in particular: Germany, with special regard to the first Conference of (a) Activities of the Intergovernmental Panel on the Parties planned to take place in Berlin, Germany, Climate Change (IPCC) established by WMO and from 28 March to 7 April 1995. The Association felt that the United Nations Development Programme that event was an excellent opportunity to report on the (UNEP) at the end of 1988; progress made in WCP activities at the regional level in (b) The Second World Climate Conference (1990); RA VI and requested its preSident to take the necessary (c) Decisions made by Cg-XI (1991); steps to prepare such a report by the end of 1994. (d) The United Nations Conference on Environment 5~1.§ The Association noted the Executive Council's and Development (UNCED) (Rio de Janeiro, June decision on the preparation of an integrated proposal 1992) and decisions made by EC-XLIV on the fol­ that would be presented to governments in 1995 on the low-up of UNCED; climate-related parts of the respective programmes of (e) Negotiation and signing by most WMO Members the international organizations concerned with the of the United Nations Framework Convention on WCP, along the lines of the four new thrusts. The Climate Change (FCCC) during UNCED and the Association recognized the essential leadership role that subseq\lent entry into force of the Convention; WMO must play in the preparation of the integrated (f) Establishment by the UN General Assembly of the proposal and expressed its support for WMO's actions in Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD); that regard. The Association requested the NMHSs to (g) The Intergovernmental Meeting on the World ensure effective coordination of the responses by Climate Programme (Geneva, 14-16 April 1993); governmental departments and agencies in their country (h) Decisions made by EC-XLV Gune 1993). to the UN agencies involved in the WCP when the 5.1.2 The Association noted that the Intergovern­ draft integrated proposal had been prepared. mental Meeting on the World Climate Programme 5.1.6 The Association noted WMO's involvement in (IGM-WCP) had emphasized the importance of the the process of preparation of consolidated analytical GENERAL SUMMARY 15 reports on UN system activities to implement Agenda Centre(s) should be identified to organize the work and, 21, initiated by the UN· Commission on Sustainable eventually, to prepare a proposal for international Development. The Association particularly noted that agreement on the RCSs network. The Association noted WMO had been designated as the task manager for the that it was critically important to ensure the transfer of area"World Climate Programme and drought monitor­ information on network design criteria and on collec­ ing". It considered drought and desertification issues to tion and standards of metadata and requested that the be very relevant to national socio-economic activities relevant tasks should be assigned to the RA VI Working within the Region. The Association urged Members to Group on Climate-related Matters (see Resolution 7 (XI­ take that role of WMO into account in planning their RA VI). The Association urged its Members to cooperate relevant activities· and, as appropriate, to submit to fully in that activity of the CCDP. WMO their views on the poliCY issues and further 5.2.5 In respect to the Climate System Monitoring actions required. (CSM) project, the Association was pleased to note the 5.1.7 The Association recognized the need for better publication of the fourth biennial review of the Global coordination of the climate-related activities within the Climate System, covering the period December 1988 to May RegIon, involving all Members, and considered that a 1991. Several RA VI Members were again actively involved suitable organizational structure would be useful in that in the preparation of a biennial review - the fifth edition regard. The Association therefore decided to establish - covering the period June 1991 to November 1993. It the Working Group on Climate-related Matters. was pointed out that the biennial reviews had gained wide Resolution 7 (XI-RA VI) was adopted. international and scientific acceptance as a source of information on the global climate system. 5.2 WORLD CLIMATE DATA AND MONITORING 5.2.6 The Association supported the recommendation PROGRAMME (WCDMP) (agenda item 5.2) made by the RA VI Implementation Coordination Meeting 5.2.1 The Association reviewed the WCDMP activ­ on Climate Monitoring on the publication of an annual . ities carried out since its last session, and expressed, in regional CSM Bulletin and invited Members to contribute general, satisfaction with the progress made in the to that undertaking. It was emphasized that the Bulletin Region under that component of the WCP. The Associ­ should be regarded as a comprehensive publication which ation stressed the importance of demonstrating the· role would include information about achievements in climate of national Meteorological and Hydrological Services prediction, such as seasonal forecasts, an appropriate and that of WMO in providing climate information to summary of research results, and information on and governments and to the general public. Members were assessment of climate in the Region. In that regard, the urged to pay special attention to adequate publication Association expressed its appreciation to Germany for its of research results. offer to coordinate the contributions of Members and 5.2.2 The Association noted with appreciation the publish the CSM Bulletin. report submitted by the Rapporteur on Climate-related 5.2.7 The Association noted with satisfaction the Matters with Special Reference to Regional Data Sets, Dr development by CBS of procedures for the operational dis­ ]. Behrendt (Germany). It considered recommendations tribution and tracking of climate monitoring products via for actions proposed by the rapporteur and recorded its the GTS and the adoption by the Commission of amend­ decisions, as appropriate, in the subsequent paragraphs ments to the CLiMATcode which would result in a and in Resolution 7 (XI-RA VI). substantial increase in the data content of the CLiMAT 5.2.3 The establishment of the Climate Change reports. The Association urged its Members to take all neces­ Detection Project (CCDP) and the initiatives taken to sary action to implement the decisions made by CBS. implement it were noted with appreciation. In that con­ 5.2.8 The Association emphasized the importance of necijon the Association commended, in particular, the WMO (or WMO-sponsored) publications containing work done by the World Data Centre-A for Meteorology climatological data, such as the planned volume of (the National Climatic Data Center of the USA) aimed at climatological standard normals 1961-1990 and the World the production of several components of the Global Weather Records (WWR) 1981':"1990 series. The Baseline Data Sets, including the Global Historical Association invited its Members to make their con­ Climate Network, the Comprehensive Aerological tributions to these publications as and when requested. It Reference Data Set and the Comprehensive Ocean­ was noted with appreciation that Germany had agreed to Atmosphere Data Set. The Association stressed the need act as the RA VI regional coordinating centre for data for the careful investigation of the homogeneity of data collection for the World Weather Records 1981-1990. The and for the collection of comprehensive sets of meta­ preparation of the WWR should be in accordance with the data in constructing global and regional baseline data regulations set out in the circular letter issued by the sets. It also emphasized the role of remote sensing satel­ Secretariat in February 1994. It was recommended that lite data in obtaining information on climate pai:ame­ Members should, in future, send their WWR returns to the ters such as vegetation indices, snow and ice cover, etc .. centre on a yearly basis, including monthly values for the 5.2.4 The Association welcomed the plans proposed pastyear and corrections to the old WWR. by CCI-XI for the further development of the Reference 5.2.9 The Association noted that 18 Members of Climatological Stations (RCSs) network,. and in particu­ RA VI were now equipped with CLICOM systems and lar that a lead institution(s) such as the World Data that France and the UK were assisting with new 16 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI installations and follow-up training. It also noted with well as other programmes of WMO. Most CLICOM satIsfaction the successful develapment af the new ver­ installations had access to. the INSTAT package which sion 3.0 of the CLICOM software, and expressed its provided opportunities for implementing a wide range thanks to the USA for its decisive contribution to that af applications based on statistical products. The achievement. The Association further expressed its Association noted the progress made in the develop­ appreciatian to France for preparing the French version ment of a ratianal routine for updating and disseminat­ of CLICOM 3.0 saftware. New tutorials had been pre­ ing CARS and emphasized the urgent need to. update pared under a contract with the University af Reading, existing CARS in the areas of energy and faod as well as lJK. The Association noted the value of the standard the need to expand CARS into ather areas. In that con­ climatological normals calculatians which had been nection the close coordfnation of the WCP-Faod cam­ autamated in the new version af the CLICOM saftware. ponent and the Agricultural Meteorology Programme The Assaciation stressed, however, that a number af dif­ was noted as well as the coordination afthe WCP-Water ficulties cantinued to be experienced by Members with camponent with activities under the Hydrology and regard to training, equipment maintenance, and updat­ Water Resources Pragramme~ ing saftware and hardware. The Assaciatian suggested 5.3.4 The Association noted the progress made in the that the provisian af necessary assistance to. upgrade the development of systematic methods for applying cli­ hardware and software and regular professional training mate information and know-how in the energy sector. shauld also. be cansidered when CLICOM systems were The methods developed and tested under the UNDP installed. The Assaciatian also. emphasized the impart­ European inter-country project "Meteoralogical inform­ ance af establishing area support centres and urged ation for development of renewable energy" should find Members af RA VI and ather Regians to seek appartun­ general applicability in many Member countries as well ities to. provide support for such centres. as in other Regions. In particular the methods used for 5.2.10 The Assaciatian recognized the importance of assessment af patential solar- and Wind-energy linkage between CLICOM and the relevant hydrolagical resources and the systems used for implementing them data management systems and urged· that experts in as CLICOM-compatible special application campanents hydrological data shauld be invalved in the future plan- were noted. ning and implementation of CLICOM. . 5.3.5 The Association noted the updated informa­ 5.2.11 The Associatian was pleased by the progress tian provided by Members and the Secretariat o.n the being made to. rescue valuable climate data fram Africa activities of Members af RA VI related to climate appli­ and the co. ordination af that effort through the" Inter­ cations and services. Members were encauraged to sub­ national Data Rescue (DARE) Coardination Centre in mit relevant information when requested to. help main­ Belgium. It urged its Members to. support future DARE tain an up-to-date database in order to facilitate plan- . initiatives. ning and further develapment af climate applications and serviCes. Members were also encouraged to. develop 5.3 WORLD CLIMATE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES their cllmate application services further, paying due " PROGRAMME (WCASP) (agenda item 5.3) attention to specialized training and promotion af 5.3.1 The Association noted that Eleventh Congress increased interaction between users and producers af had emphasized the service aspect of the World Climate climate information and products. Applications Programme and decided to rename the programme the World Climate Applications and 5.4 WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND Services Programme (WCASP). RESPONSE STRATEGIES PROGRAMME (WCIRP) (agenda item 5.4) 5.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the activities carried out under the WCASP since its last ses­ 5.4.1 The Association noted the infarmation pro­ sion. It expressed satisfaction at the successful holding vided by UNEP on the status of implementation of the of a number of meetings, in which experts from the WCIRP and on the future directian of the Programme. It Region had participated, relating to climate applications expressed the hope that close cooperation between and services, such as the expert meetings/workshops on WMO andUNEP in the implementation and future energy-meteorology with special focus on meteorologi­ development of the World Climate Programme would cal information for development of renewable energy continue, including support by UNEP to various WMO (Warsaw, November 1990, Pec pod Snezkou, October scientific and technical programmes . 1991, Budapest, November 1992), the WMO Technical .5.4.2 The Association nated with appreCiation the Conference" on Tropical Urban Climates (TeCTUC, report submitted by its Rapporteur on Climate-related Dhaka, March-April 1993), and the Workshop on User Matters with Special Reference to. Climate Impacts, Dr Needs and Requirements (Norrkoping, October 1993)." G. V. Gruza (Russian Federation). The report was con­ 5.3.3 The Association noted the plans for the further sidered as a valuable scientific work. Hawever, it was felt development of CLICOM-compatible special applica­ that, in some instances, further updating was required, tions and urged Members to contribute to that develop­ particularly as regards the assessment of climate change. ment. CLICOM was a major vehicle for the develop­ The Association referred the report to its Working ment of climate applications and had been aided by Group on Climate-related Matters and also requested close cooperation between the WCDMP and WCASP as the WMO Secretariat to forward it to the trce. GENERAL SUMMARY 17

5.5 WORLD CLIMATE REsEARCH PROGRAMME 5.5.6 The Association asked Members to inquire (WCRP) AND DEVELOPMENTS IN CLIMATE about the provision of further assistance to the Global RESEARCH IN RA VI (agenda item 5.5) Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), its 5.5.1 The Association noted the information pro­ regional experiments and GEWEX data projects. In par­ vided to the session on the WCRP and welcomed the ticular, it strongly encouraged all Members to support broad involvement of the national Meteorological and the operation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Hydrological Services in the Region, as well as interna­ Centre by supplying daily precipitation data collected tional organizations, in climate research, and in major at all national meteorological, hydrological and agricul­ international programmes such as WCRP and the tural measurement stations over at least the past ten International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP of years. the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)). 5.5.7 The Association noted that a new WCRP It recognized that WCRP addressed high-priority scien­ research project on Stratospheric Processes and their tific issues related to the understanding and prediction Role in Climate (SP ARC) was under development in of climate variability and change and invited Members order to promote internationally coordinated studies of to continue to support the Programme actively. coupled dynamical-radiative-chemical processes in the 5.5.2 The Association further noted that the Tropical stratosphere. The main themes of investigation were the Ocean/Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme Scien­ impact of anthropogenic chemical emissions on the tific Steering Group had stressed that TOGA-related composition of the stratosphere, the effects of stratos­ observation and data management activities ought to be pheric aerosols, the effect of stratospheriC changes on continued after the end of 1994 in order to consolidate planetary radiation and the penetration of short wave­ the progress made in TOGA and to provide the basis for length ultraviolet radiation through the atmosphere. the prediction of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) The Association invited Members to support research events. The Association tberefore encouraged Members within the project . . to continue their contribution to existing TOGA observ- 5.5.8 The Association noted the importance of ing systems, data management and modelling activities research into regional features of the general circulation after 1994. of the atmosphere. It considered that, as far as Region VI 5.5.3 The Association was interested in the initiative was concerned, particular attention should be given to to establish the WCRP climate variability and pre­ further studies of major phenomena influencing dictability (CLIVAR) programme in order to exploit and the climate of Europe, such as the Icelandic and build on the achievements of TOGA and World Ocean Mediterranean lows and the Azores high. Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and provide a scien­ tific basis for practicai climate predictions. In that 5.6 GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS) respect, the Association noted the promising achieve­ (agenda item 5.6) ments in monthly and seasonal forecasting in tropical 5.6.1 The Association noted with appreciation a areas through the studies of ENSO and, in particular, the progress report on the status of GCOS. GCOS had . potential for improvement of long-range forecasts in been established by a Memorandum of Understand­ mid-latitudes. It recommended that its Members create ing (MOU) among WMO, the Intergovernmental national CLIVAR programmes, or relevant national pro­ OceanographiC Commission (l0C) of UNESCO, UNEP grammes, that would contribute to CLIVAR. and ICSU. The MOU provided guidance for GCOS, and 5.5.4 The Association was pleased to note the pro­ a management structure, including a Joint Scientific and gress made in the WOCE observation and modelling Technical Committee OSTC) and the' Joint Planning programmes. It asked Members to reinforce their previous Office. The Association noted the GCOS priorities that commitments to the implementation of WOCE and to had been developed during the first three sessions of the examine whether additional resources could be fouIid to JSTC. fill in gaps in various WOCE observation components. 5.6.2 The Association noted that a draft plan had 5.5.5 The Association also noted WCRP polar climate been prepared and distributed at the Intergovernmental research activities. It expressed its strong support for the Meeting on the World Climate Programme in April Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS) and recommended 1993. The plan addressed the comprehensive needs for its Members to take an active part in the implementa­ observations from the atmosphere, oceans and land, tion of that new WCRP project. The Association recog­ and made specific recommendations with respect to nized the importance of the WCRP International requirements for the Initial Operational System (lOS). Programme for Antarctic Buoys and the WCRP Antarctic The Association noted that the plan was currently being Ice Thickness Project. It encouraged Members to assist in revised after the third session of the JSTC, held in the provision and/or deployment of ice-resistant drift­ November 1993, and that the GCOS plan would be a ing buoys and/or upward-looking sonars iIi the key element of the integrated proposal called for by the Antarctic sea-ice zone, in order to define meteorological IGM-WCP.' and sea-ice conditions better and to understand large­ 5.6.3· As a result of the recommendations of the scale air/sea-ice/ocean interactiQns in the Antarctic, as' forty~fifth session of the Executive Council, the well as their influence on global climate variability and . Association agreed to consider and to initiate appropri­ change. ate arrangements for coordinating the implementation 18 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI of GCOS at the regional level. In particular, the Observing System by existing national and interna­ Association recommended that a rapporteur with the tional programmes. In view of the importance of GCOS task of providing liaison between RA VI and the GCOS in climate monitoring and related research, it also en­ Joint Planning Office and the JSTC should be included couraged all Members to provide the necessary support in the RA VI Working Group on Climate-related to implementing the lOS as a matter of high priority. Matters. In addition, the Association expressed its will­ ingness to work in concert with regional bodies of IOC 6. ATMOSPHERIC REsEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT and UNEP to further the objectives of GCOS. PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda ~.6.4 The Association received preliminary informa­ item 6) tion on the results of the meeting of the GCOS Panel on 6.1 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC WATCH (GAW) (agenda Atmospheric Observations which had taken place in item 6.1) Hamburg, Germany, 25-28 March 1994. lt noted that 6.1.1 The Association noted with ·satisfaction the the data reqUirements related to the GCOS atmospheric comprehensive and widespread involvement of its Members component would include: in activities related to the Global Atmosphere Watch, in (a) Data describing the three-dimensional state of the particular the contributions to the development of the atmosphere; programme and to its implementation. The involvement of (b) Data for the determination of cloud and radi­ some Members in the concept of "twinning" as endorsed by ation fluxes at the surface and at the top of the Cg-XI and/or the provision of advice and expertise to others atmosphere; to meet the demand for establishing or upgrading GA W (c) Data for process studies presently covered by the stations was considered particularly commendable and all programmes under WCRP and IGBP; Members, where appropriate, were encouraged to pursue (d) Data for long-term climate monitoring; actively that aspect of GA W. (e) Data on the composition of the atmosphere. 6.1.2 The numerous events organized by WMO at 5.6.5 It was further noted that, with regard to (a), the which Members of the Association were represented were GCOS data requirements were generally satisfied by the also noted. Those events, such as the Fourth International relevant provisions for NWP. Concerning (b), it would Conference on Carbon Dioxide Measurements, be necessary to agree on the global exchange of data Carqueiranne, France, 13-17 September 1993, were of now available only on a national or regional scale. special significance and Members were urged to continue Regarding (d), it was proposed that baseline networks of supporting such events to the greatest extent possible. The upper-air and surface observing stations, which were Association further noted the important information selected on the basis of criteria concerning data quality/ provided by GAW 011 the reduction in the global CO2 rate reliability, availability of long records· and spacing, of increase during recent years, and recommended that the should be established. For the upper-air network, a total Secretariat ensure that, at regular intervals, information of about 150 stations was considered adequate for was provided to Members on that matter. . global coverage. In addition, satellite systems for moni­ 6.1.3 Activities concenung the ozbne issue, organized toring the temperature of the atmosphere and global under the auspices of WMO and supported by Members in observations of the hydrological cycle (precipitation, the Region, were strongly endorsed by the Association and, river run-off, water level measurements of lakes) were like the Executive Council, it requested that they be contin­ considered part of the GCOS reqUirements. ued. WMO needed to provide authoritative scientific 5.6.6 To satisfy the requirements for data on the information on the state of the ozone layer if it were to composition of the atmosphere, the integration of the remain hi its rightful position in the forefront of those activ­ GAW system and other relevant observing programmes ities. The strong support of its MemberS was necessary and under GCOS was considered necessary and should be they were therefore urged to continue and, if pOSSible, to strongly encouraged. increase their contributions to the established campaigns 5.6.7 In the near-term, the establishment of the where near-real-time ozone data were reqUired for the pre­ GCOS lOS on the basis of existing national and inter­ paration of northern hemisphere winter total ozone maps national programmes, including WWW, should be and the austral spring Antarctic ozone bulletins. In that strongly pursued and should include, in particular, respect, the Association expressed its appreciation of the • The establishment of baseline networks; willingness of Greece to maintain, on a permanent basis, the • Arrangements for additional data exchange (e.g. support provided by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki snow depth, radiatio~ and soil moisture); in the preparation of the northern hemisphere winter .. Arrangen:tents for end-to-end monitoring and near­ total 0 3 mapping. The Assodation further noted the infor­ real-time feedback; mation given by the Russian Federation on setting up an • Systematic quality control of data, using the lead . international centre for ozone analysis at the Central centre concept of the WWW; Aerological Observatory in Moscow. . • Close collaboration with satellite operators. 6.1.4 -The Association expressed concern that the 5.6.8 The Association strongly endorsed the GCOS level of stratospheriC ozone was, in general, in concept and encouraged the continuing study and decline but hoped that, with the information provided by stimulation of the activities of GCOS committees and WMO, further measures could be taken to limit more the implementation of the actual Global Climate deterioration. GENERAL SUMMARY 19

6.1.5 Concerning the Economic Commission for ant contribution to the programme, the Region was at Europe's Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and the forefront of atmospheric environment activities. Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air The Association welcomed the increasing role of Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), the Association was satis­ national Meteorological Services in providing calcula­ fied that the work of its Members provided valuable tions for air pollution threats on regional and urban input to the programme and endorsed the continuation scales, and recommended that a review be made of plans of that activity during the remainder of the EMEP fifth and activities of NMSs, in that field so that a strategy phase and then on into the sixth phase with its newly might be proposed as to how WMO (and RA VI in identified components. Similarly, the Association sup­ particular) could best contribute in collaboration with ported the involvement of its Members in the evolving other UN agencies involved. European Tracer Experiment (ETEX). 6.1.12 The Association acknowledged the information 6.1.6 The Association acknowledged the essential provided during its session by numerous countries in contribution of Meteorological Services to the UNEP the Region on the development of their activities with­ Long-term Pollution Monitoring and Research Pro­ in the GA W programme. In particular, the Association gramme in the Mediterranean (MED-POL), in monitor­ noted with appreciation the proposal by Finland and ing airborne pollution of the sea and providing the Germany to create two new global stations in Lapland necessary backward atmospheric trajectories. The and southern Germany, respectively. The latter station Association joined the Executive Council in requesting would be associated with stations in Austria and the strong support of Member countries. Switzerland. The Association further acknowledged the 6.1.7 Satisfaction was expressed that Europe was important role of the Izana global baseline station with­ the first WMO Region in which a GA W Quality in GA W, in proViding a complete set of measurements Assurance/Science Activity Centre (QA/SAC) was being at a unique geographical location in the Atlantic region. established; it would. be located in Garmish­ 6.1.13 The Association further noted the following . Partenkirchen (Germany). The Association recognized developments within its Member countries: that such centres were necessary to provide the scien­ (a) The proposal made by the Czech Republic to pro­ tific community with quality-assured reliable data and vide at Kosetice observatory, a GA W regional urged all Members to collaborate to the fullest extent station with appropriate training facilities; possible with the QA/SAC in Germany. (b) The development of the ozone sounding and 6.1.8 The Association noted with interest the report Brewer network, which now included the following and recommendations of the RA VI Conference on reporting stations in the Region: Measurement and Modelling of Atmospheric Com­ (i) Soundings: position ·Changes, including Poilution Transpon (Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgaria, 4-8 October 1993). It fully endorsed the Prague, Czech Republic recommendations outlined and requested the Secretary­ Sodankyla, Firiland General to promote their implementation. The Hohenpeissenberg and Lindenberg, Association also requested the EC Panel of EJ{perts/CAS Germany Working Group on Environmental Pollution 'and S. Pietro Capofine, Italy Atmospheric Chemistry to review air pollution forecast Ny Alexund, Bear Island and Oslo, Norway work by NMSs and consider future work by WMO and Legionowo, Poland cooperating UN agencies. Izana and Madrid, Spain 6.1.9 Concerning the training aspects of GA W, the Payerne, Switzerland Association noted the ongoing training activities, in (ii)Brewer: particular the Training Workshop on Atmospheric Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Composition MOnitoring held in Halkidiki, Greece, in Copenhagen, Denmark October 1993. It stressed that, where pOSSible, training Sodankyla, Firiland components should be induded in all GA W activities in Potsdam and Berlin, Germany order to satisfy the needs of new Members. Valentia, Ireland 6.1.10 The Association noted with appreciation the Merina, Italy report of its Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone and, DeBilt, Netherlands considering the current focus on the ozone issue, Oslo, Norway decided that the position of regional Rapporteur on Belsk, Poland Atmospheric Ozone be re-established. Accordingly, Lisbon; Portugal Resolution 8 (XI~RA VI) - Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ganovce, Slovakia Ozone - was adopted. Izana and Madrid, Spain Norrkoping, Sweden. REPORT OF THE RApPORTEUR ON THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE 6.1.14. The Association acknowledged an important WATCH activity within the Norwegian Institute for Air Research 6.1.11 The Association noted with appreciation the (NILO). NILU had stored a considerable number of full: document provided by its Rapporteur. on the Global resolution ozone soundings in connection with its role Atmosphere Watch. It demonstrated that, by its import~ . as data coordinator for several large cooperative field 20 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

campaigns on stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. 7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY The Association was informed that routine high resolu­ PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 7) tion ozone soundings from Lerwick, UK, had been 7.1 PUBLIC WEATHER SERVICES PROGRAMME provided to the NILU. The availability of those data for (PWS) (agenda item 7.1) the World Ozone Data Centre in Toronto would be investigated. 7.1.1 The Association reviewed the PWS Programme activities and fully agreed that one of the most important 6.2 WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH PROGRAMMES obligations of national, Meteorological Services was the (agenda item 6.2) provision of services to the general public. It was through 6.2.1 The Association noted with satisfaction the those services thatthe national Services were most visible active contributions of Members to the implementation and were judged, not only by the general public but also of the Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather by national decision-making authorities. There was also Prediction Research Programmes through their parti­ recognition that, while the major input to PWS came cipation in WMO meetings and workshops and contri­ from the basic systems, the services had applications to a ,butions to the annual NWP Progress Reports. wide range of economic and social activities which would The Association encouraged the continuous support call for coordination and consultation between the PWS of Members to the Weather Prediction Research Programme and the other programmes of WMO. Programmes. 7.1.2 The Association agreed with the three broad 6.2.2 Satisfaction was expressed that experts from the projects that had been identified by CBS-Ext.(90) and Region p.ad contributed signifkantly to the Project approved by Congress namely: formulation and content of COMPARE (Comparison of Mesoscale Prediction forecasts and warningsj presentation and dis,semination and Research Experiments). It was recognized that that techniques, public understanding, public information and action might lead to further collaboration between the educationj and exchange and coordination of hazardous mesoscale, climate and weather forecasting weather information among neighbouring countries. It also communities. agreed that one of the primary objectives should be the production of a Guide on Public Weather Service Practices 6.3 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY RESEARCH which would be based on the collection and assessment of PROGRAMME (agenda item 6.3) mechanisms, methods and techniques presently used. The Association noted the various implementa­ 7.1.3 The Association was informed that several tion actions taken within the Tropical Meteorology experts had 'been enlisted to develop further the projects Research Programme since its last session. It further listed in paragraph 7.1.2 above arid the proposed Guide noted that considerable contributions to the on Public Weather Services Practices. A meeting of. Programme had been made by experts and advanced experts was held in 1994 to consider the projects devel­ meteorological centres in the Region. The Association oped by the experts and to synthesize the individual encouraged Members to continue to cooperate in the projects into a proposed programme plan. It was noted implementation of the Programme. that, among others, the programme activities included a study of tlie RA VI procedures using the WAREP and 6.4 PROGRAMME ON UlE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY WAFOR messages for exchanging hazardous weather OF CLOUDS AND WEATHER MODIFICATION inforlnation between NMCs. It was also noted that RESEARCH (agenda item 6.4) many of the PWS programme activities were related to 6.4.1 It was noted with satisfaction that Members activities undertaken by the RA VI Working Group on had continued to submit reports of their involvement in Planning' and Implementation of the WWW and that weather modification activities for publication in the coordination was necessary. The Association also noted WMO Register of National Weather Modification that many of the activities undertaken in the context of Projects. That action benefited other Members, both the pWs were directly related to the series of European inside and outside the Region, as regards weather modi­ Conferences on Applications of Meteorology. The fication activities. Members were requested to continue Association considered that those Conferences provided to submit their reports. a good forum for meteorologists to exchange informa~ 6.4.2 The Association expressed interest in the role tion on the provision of services to the'public that clouds played in the chemistry, transport, trans­ formation and deposition of pollutants and would wel­ 7.2.' AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (agenda item 7.2) come and s~pport action in that field. In general, the Association supported all WMO activities' concerning 7.2.1 The' Association complimented, the Secretary,­ the Programme on the Physics and Chemistry of Clouds General and the Commission for Agricultural Meteoro­ and Weather Modification Research as evidenced by the logy (CAgM) on the progress made in the field of agri~ attendance of its Members at the events organized. It cultural meteorology, including the publication' of a noted that the Association would be well represented at large number of technical notes and CAgM reports. The the forthcoming Sixth WMO Scientific Conference Association, in particular, placed on record its apprecia­ on Weather Modification to be held in Paestum, Italy tion for the pUblication of additional chapters of the (30 May-4 June 1994). Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices.' GENERAL SUMMARY 21

7.2.2 The Association noted with interest the inter­ deserved further consideration by Members and by CBS sessional activities of the Commission for Agricultural and requested the Secretariat to acquire all necessary Meteorology and agreed that they would contribute background information in order to summarize opera­ greatly to the economic development of many countries tional data requirements. in the Region. The Association further noted that the 7.2.8 The Association strongly supported the eleventh session of CAgM would be held early in 1995 strengthening of training in agrometeorology in appro­ and urged Members to send delegations to the session. priate institutions in Member countries. The Association The Advisory Working Group of CAgM was compli­ recommended that WMO should undertake a study of mented for proposing the theme "Operational agro­ methods that could be adopted for training and educa­ meteorology for sustainable, environmentally friendly tion of the end users of agrometeorological information: and economically viable agricultural production" as the • Farm advisers and farm managers (e.g., on irrigation focus of activities during the Commission's next inter­ and fertilizer application); sessional period. • Plant protection officials (e.g, on use of pesticides 7.2.3 The Association noted with satisfaction that some and herbicides); training events had been held in the Region and others • Forestry officials (e.g., on the combat of forest fires); outside it with the support of Members of the Associ­ • Officials in government and industry concerned with ation. It strongly supported the continued organization the conservation of the environment. of such events, for the benefit of participants from the The study should also examine and describe methods Region, especially those from newly independent countries that could be adopted to enhance the efficiency of the of eastern Europe. The Association agreed that training in transmission of agrometeorological information to the agricultural meteorology should receive high-priority end-user. consideration for the meaningful application of 7.2.9 The Association noted the proposal made by the meteorological information to agricultural activities. Permanent Representative of Italy with WMO that the -7.2.4 The Association noted the WMO activities on Institute of Agrometeorology and Environmental Analysis desertification and urged Members to participate in the for Agriculture, Florence, Italy, be recognized as a negotiations leading to, and subsequently in the imple­ specialized centre for training in remote-sensing mentation of, the Convention to Combat Desertification. applications to agrometeorology. The Association It was also noted that the Secretary-General had provided supported the idea of the introduction of such a specialized appropriate gUidelines to Members in that regard. The centre by the above-mentioned institute and considered Association complimented the Secretary-General on that the training function of the Centre should be utilized providing support to the Secretariat of the Intergovern­ fully by Members of RA VI and other Regions, particularly mental Negotiating Committee for the Convention on developing countries. The Association requested the Desertification, especially through the posting of a staff Secretary-General to bring to the attention of the Executive member to the Secretariat. The Association urged Members Council the views of the Association on that important to consider desertification as a fifth priority focal area development in the training activities in the Region. under Global Environment Facility (GEF) and to benefit 7.2.10 The Association considered that the crucial role of from GEF support. - national Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the 7.2.5 The Association noted that the meeting of the provision of data and products, including forecasts and RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology had warnings, for agroIheteorological and agricultural applica­ been held in Braunschweig, Germany, in January 1994. tions should be sustained. Concern was expressed that The Association complimented the chairman and the information received by national and international bodies members of the group for the activities carried out. involved in agriculture was, in some instances, being used 7.2.6 The Association agreed that the application of and disseminated without authority and due acknowledge­ meteorology to agriculture continued to be of high ment of the source. The Association strongly recommended importance to the Region and that the activities of the that NMHSs be recognized at the national level as providers Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology should be of the basic information for agricuitural purposes. The continued taking into account the developments in the Association also considered that the international organiza­ Region, such as the high level of industrialization, pollu­ tions concerned should acknowledge the contribution of tion of the environment and the need for the con­ NMHSs and of WMO's international infrastructures, such as servation of natural resources. The Association therefore WWW, to their activities and products. re-established a Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology with new terms of reference. Resolution 9 7.3 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (XI-RA VI) was a40pted. (agenda item 7.3) 7.2.7 The Association noted that the working group 7.3.1 The implementation of -the World Area had discussed the value of solar radiation data for -agro­ Forecast System (WAFS) and developments related to meteorological applications with respect to the provi­ the transition to its final phase, which included the sion of those data in real-time and concluded that the plans for satellite distribution of WAFS products from use of real-time solar -radiation data would enhance the the two World Area Forecast Centres (WAFCs) in accuracy of evaluation of the water balance. The London and Washington, were considered by the Association was of the opinion that that important issue Association. The session noted with satisfaction the 22 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI efforts of the London WAFC to automate the produc­ would be able to disseminate the complete set of WAFS tion of forecast significant weather charts, a necessary products to Members in the Region although they did prerequisite to the final phase of the WAFS. In that not fully conform to the relevant provisions of ICAO, regard the London WAFC would undertake, in coopera­ Annex 10, for example in respect to redundancy. That tion with RAFC Frankfurt, a trial to evaluate automated eliminated the need for SADIS, at least in the opinion of significant weather charts which, if successful, were some Members,in the countries served by the above intended to be operationally implemented over Europe broadcastsj France and Germany had indicated that by January 1995 and subsequently over the whole globe they would not contribute to SADIS as a system to ser­ That implied that the RAFCs would continue their oper­ vice their national users. The Association also noted that ations until the automated preparation of the signifi­ ICAO was.in the process of developing a mechanism for cant weather forecasts was realized. sharing the cost of SADIS. The Association suggested 7.3.2 The Regional Association recognized that aero­ that the above systems should be reconsidered by ICAO nautical operational meteorological information should in the planning and implementation of the relevant be transmitted over the Aeronautical Fixed Service (AFS) parts of the global SADIS, taking into account also the and that it was incumbent upon ICAO to ensure the technical case that led to the present specification of availability to all States of the required WAFS products SADIS. through at least one component of the AFS. The 7.3.5 The Association noted with satisfaction the Association also recognized, from the information implementation of the new aeronautical meteorological provided by the representative of ICAO, that each State codes and the efforts undertaken by WMO to facilitate was free to use a system of its own choice, within or the understanding of the codes by operational staff in outside the AFS, to receive the WAFS products required the meteorological services and in the aviation industry. by its aeronautical users. The AFS, which comprised, inter The session expressed its appreciation for the contribu­ alia, the traditional Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunica­ tion to WMO by France of PC-based training software tion Network (AFTN), the improved European AFTN on the codes and for its subsequent distribution to (CIDIN), the Meteorological Operational Telecommunica­ WMO Members. The representative of ICAO also tion Network in Europe (MOTNE) and the Satellite expressed the gratitude of ICAO for that contribution. Distribution System (SADIS), was being planned and 7.3.6 With regard to the implementation of the new implemented under the auspices of ICAO. It noted that codes, the Association was informed by the ICAO repre­ SADIS had been endorsed by the European Air Navigation sentative that the EANPG noted that they provided for Planning Group (EANPG) in December 1992, as regards a considerable variety of elements, directional variations the service areas of Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and trends to be reported. That could lead to a variety of although reservations had been expressed by France and local practices in the voice communication of the infor- " Germany on the funding of the system. That endorse­ mation which could have flight safety implications. The ment was reviewed by the ICAO Air Navigation Com­ EANPG had, therefore, established a working group to mission in October 1993 and approved by the ICAO study the matter. Council in November 1993. The Association also noted 7.3.7 The Association noted with satisfaction that that the ICAO Council had invited the UK,"as the WAFS since its last session in 1990, a number of training provider State concerned, to implement the system in events had been carried out either by WMO or with line with the specifications developed by the EANPG WMO co-sponsorship. The session agreed with the view expert group. More detail regarding existing satellite~ expressed by the forty-fifth session of the Executive based dissemination systems is given in paragraph 7.304 Council Gune 1993) that training was one of the most below. important pillars of the Aeronautical Meteorology 7.3.3 The session was informed that SADIS transmis­ Programme. In that connection the meeting welcomed sions by the London WAFC to cover Europe, Africa and effort~ by WMO Members to carry out training events in the Middle East would begin in 1994, and that WAFS cooperation with WMO on various aspects of aeronauti­ data in GRIB and digital coded facsimile formats and cal meteorology. The Association agreed that," before OPMET data in alphanumeric format would be broadcast making the full set of WAFS products available on satel­ by SADIS. The Association noted that SADIS would pro­ lite broadcast systems, training on the use of WAFS vide a two-way channel for OPMET data to overcome the products, formats of presentation and graphical display problems of saturation of the MOTNE as well as defi­ of such products would be beneficial to Members with­ ciencies in the AFTN and the great difficulty in receiving in the areas covered by the broadcasts. It noted that the and transmi~ting such data from parts of Africa and the end users of WAFS products might also require such Middle East. The Association noted the ICAO offer to training. WMO to make use of the SADIS in support of the 7.3.8 At the thirty-sixth meeting of the EANPG in WWW. January 1994 France had kindly made an offer to ICAO 7.3.4 The Association further noted that in Region VI to deSignate the Specialized Regional Meteorological several satellite-based dissemination systems were in Centre at Toulouse as the centre responsible for provid- existence (e.g. RETIM and MDD) carrying a selection of "ing volcanic ash cloud trajectory information to be WAFS products, and others were being implemented or included in SIGMET messages. The area of responsibi­ planned by Germany and Spain,respectively, that lity was the ICAOEuropean Region up to 60 0 E and the GENERAL SUMMARY 23

Mediterranean Basin. ICAO intended to approach the questions were fully resolved during the transition period UK with a view to designating Bracknell as the centre for the GMDSS, 1 February 1992 to 1 February 1999. The providing the same service for the ICAO North Atlantic Association expressed appreciation to its Members which Region. The Association welcomed those initiatives. had accepted responsibilities as Preparation or Issuing Services under the new system. At the same time, it noted 7.4 MARINE METEOROLOGY AND AsSOCIATED that that system of responsibilities defined a minimum OCEANOGRAPIDC ACTIVITmS PROGRAMME level of service reqUired to ensure global coverage. Any (agenda item 7.4) other Member which wished to provide broadcasts 7.4.1 The Association noted with interest that through INMARSAT SafetyNET for national purposes Eleventh Congress had approved the Marine Meteoro­ might do so, provided only that it was formally registered logy and Associated Oceanographic Activities for that purpose with !MO, through the WMO Secretariat. Programme as part of the Third WMO Long-term Plan. MARINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR DATA COLLECTION The plan provided overall objectives as well as detailed guidelines for Members, regional associations and WMO 7.4.4 The Association noted that, in addition to and in the field. of marine meteorology and associated because of its application for the dissemination of oceanographic activities for the coming decade. In the maritime safety information (MSI) to shipping under context of the TLTP, Cg-XI had also given more specific the GMDSS, the INMARSAT system, in particular the policy guidance for the marine meteorology programme INMARSAT-C facility, was rapidly becoming a major for the period 1992-1995 and, in particular, had stressed medium for the transmission to shore of ships' meteo­ the high priority that should be given to the continued rological and oceanographic reports. In 1993, already development of marine meteorological services to meet more than 40 per cent of the Voluntary Observing Ships the reqUirements of users during that period. (VOS) were equipped with INMARSAT-A or INMARSAT­ 7.4.2 With regard to toe implementation of marine C facilities and that would certainly increase to more meteorological services, specifically in Region VI, the than 80 per cent with INMARSAT-C by the year 2000. Association noted with appreCiation the report of the The Association noted with appreciation the project Rapporteur on Basic and Specialized Marine Meteoro­ now under way, supported by the Netherlands and the logical Services, Mr C. Dekker (Netherlands). Actions WMO Secretariat, to disseminate to all VOS equipped taken on various pOints raised in his report are recorded with INMARSAT-C a small software package for the in subsequent paragraphs. The Association agreed that encoding and transmission of ships' meteorological the implementation of marine meteorological services reports through INMARSAT-C, which would lead to sub­ in certain parts of the Region could be further improved. stantial savings in the costs of collecting such reports to At the same time, it recognized the need to participate the national Meteorological Services concerned. in the new CMM Working Group on Education, 7.4.5 In the light of those developments, the Associ­ Training and Implementation Support. It therefore ation agreed that the INMARSAT system was likely to decided to reappoint a Rapporteur on Regional Marine become, within the next decade, the major, and most Meteorological Services and adopted Resolution 10 cost-effective and efficient, means for the collection of (XI-RA VI). . meteorological and oceanographic reports from ships at sea. The Association noted with appreciation that qLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS) several of its Members operating Coast Earth Stations 7.4.3 The Association noted with interest that the new (CES) already had arrangements to accept such reports, WMO system for the preparation and dissemination of free of charge to the ships. In addition it: meteorological forecasts and warnings for the high seas, (a) Urged Members operating VOS to make every effort within the context of the Global Maritime Distress and to distribute the new INMARSAT-C software pack­ Safety System of the International Maritime Organization age to their ships, to ensure the efficient and cost­ (IMO), had been approved by the President of WMO for effective compilation and transmission of reports; provisional implementation as from 1 February 1992. By (b) Urged Members receiving· reports through late 1993 a basic level of broadcast coverage, through the INMARSAT to ensure their prompt insertion onto INMARSAT SafetyNET Service, of the majority of the the GTS, so that those Members most interested in sixteen MET AREAS defined under the new system had the data could receive them as quickly as possible; been assured, including in particular the full service for the (c) Urged Memhers requiring VOS data to ensure that three areas covering RA VI. While agreeing that the new they had requested receipt of relevant bulletins via system provided an excellent basis for the provision of the GTS. . high-quality meteorological services for shipping into the In that connection, the Association adopted Resolu­ . twenty-first century; the Association nevertheless tion 11 (XI-RA VI). considered that there might remain certain minor questiOns to be resolved within RA VI. It therefore METEOROLOGICAL SUPRORT FOR MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS ON lHE HIGH SEAS instructed its Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteoro­ logical Services to liaise closely with the Members 7.4.6 The Association noted with interest that a global concerned, as well as with the CMM Working Group on WMO system for the proviSion of meteorolOgical support Marine Meteorological Services, to ensure that those for marine pollution emergency response operations on the 24 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI high seas had been prepared, in response to a proposal made ments in shipboard instrumentation and observing by CMM-X, and had subsequently been adopted by practices which would further enhance the quality and CMM-XI. The new system, which was based partially on the value of such observations. The Association urged its GMDSS system noted under paragraph 7.4.3, involved a Members to make every effort to· implement those small set of national MeteorolOgical Services specifically recommendations,and to recruit additional VOS, in designated to work in close cooperation with those national view of the considerable value of VOS reports to climate or international bodies responsible for high seas marine studies as well as to operational meteorology. pollution emergency response operations, in particular in 7.4.10 The Association was pleased to note the con­ tlle provision of meteorolOgical services reqUired to support tinuing success of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel, in those operations. The Association noted further that ten particular working through its technical coordinator, in Members of RA VI had designated responsibilities under the further enhancing the quality and quantity of buoy data system. The Association agreed that marine pollution erner­ on theGTS. It commended the panel for the new real­ gendes could be a major potential problem in many parts of time buoy data quality-control procedures which had RA VI, and. that a coordinated system for meteorological recently been implemented, as well as for its support for support, such as the one recently developed, had an impore the development of a new low-cost pressure drifter. The tant role to play in any response operations taken by Association strongly urged as many of its Members as relevant authorities. Ittherefore supported the proposed possible to become involved in buoy programmes and system, and urged Members concerned to make every effort to contribute to the work of the panel and to support its to develop and improve their communications with the technical coordinator. relevant response authorities, and to provide the necessary services as spedfied under the system. MARINE CLIMATOLOGY 7.4.11 The Association noted with appreciation that MARINE OBSERviNG 'SYSTEMS CMM-XI had agreed substantial revisions to the Marine 7.4.7 The Association noted that Cg-XI had agreed Climatological Summaries Scheme (MCSS), so as to that WMO should cooperate closely with the make the scheme more responsive to the requirements Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (lOC) of the World Climate Programme (WCP) for marine in the development ofa comprehensive Global Ocean climate data, and that two Members (Germany and UK) Observing System (GOOS), involving physical, chemical were now acting as global collecting centres for the and biological ocean variables, in particular in the con­ scheme. It urged all Members operating VOS to ensure text of ocean services and ocean data for operational that the data were compiled, quality controlled and sub­ meteorology and global climate studies. The GOOS mitted to those two centres according to the times cales would be expected to provide the ocean component of which had been established for the MCSS. The, the Global Climate Observing System, and would ·be Association further noted with interest and appreciation built largely on existing ocean observing components the report of the Rapporteur on the Climate of the Baltic such as the VOS, the Integrated Global Ocean Services Sea Basin. It agreed that the work of that rapporteur and System. (IGOSS) and drifting buoy programmes. The his associates was still ongoing and therefore agreed to Association was informed that Norway had imple­ re-appoint a rapporteur on that subject. Resolution 12 mented a. comprehensive ocean observing system that (XI-RAVI) was adopted. could provide a framework for use in developing a 7.4.12 The Association noted with appreciation the multi-diSciplinary approach as envisaged in GOOS. information provided on the BALTEX experiment and 7.4.8 The Association agreed thatthe GOOS concept encouraged all Members to cooperate with that impor­ was an important development, which should help to tant component of the WCRP GEWEX programme. The improve the availability of essential marine meteoro­ Association agreed to the request of the representative logical and oceanographiC data in support of opera­ of BALTEX for the exchange of data assembled during tional meteorology, ocean services and global climate the study of the climate in the Baltic Sea basin and studies. It encouraged Members to make every effort to requested the rapporteur to comply with the BALTEX contribute to GOOS development, at the same time request. The Association also noted with appreciation urging that that development should take place as far the offer by BALTEX to assist by facilitating the data­ as possible through strengthening the VOS system (in­ processing aspects of the study. cluding the POrt Meteorological Officer (PMO) network), the drifting buoy network, andIGOSS. In that context, EnUCATIONAND TRAINING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT the Associat~on agreed that Resolution 14 (X-RA VI) was 7.4.13 The Assodation noted with interest the status of still relevant and should remain in force. plans towards the implementation of a pcist~graduate 7.4.9 With regard to the VOS, the Association noted diploma course in marine meteorology and physical with interest the results of the VOS Special Observing oceanography at Regional MeteorolOgical Training Centre Project North Atlantic (VSOP-NA); which had cleprly (RMTC) Nairobi. Such long-term training would be of great demonstrated the value of ships' meteorological and value to many Members in the further implementation of oceanographic observations in the computation of air­ marine meteorolOgical services and was directly relevant sea fluxes for climate study purposes and, at the same to the implementation of UNCED Agenda 21. It agreed time, had generated recommendations for improve- that spedalized training courses of that type were essential GENERAL SUMMARY 2S

if Members were to have the skilled manpower necessary ments to the IGOSS Observing System, as well as in the for the further development of marine meteorological and preparation of the first issue of the IGOSS Products Bulletin oceanographic services globally. It therefore urged (IPB). Publication of the first six issues of the IPB had been Members of RA VI to consider contributing both expertise assured by France, and it now appeared as a quarterly jour­ and resources, so that the proposed course might be nal supported by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany and the successfully implemented and maintained. USA. The Association urged Members to implement the 7.4.14 The Association noted with appreciation that workshop recommendations, as well as to contribute prod­ Cg-XI had approved a proposal for an international ucts and funding support for continued publication in the seminar/workshop for PMOs, and that such an event IPB. had taken place in September 1993, at IMO in London. Participation included a large number of PMOs from 8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES Members of RA VI and the seminar/workshop was gen­ PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda erally regarded as highly successful, with international item 8) liaison strengthened and a number of recommendations WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY adopted. The Association noted that the successful 8.1 The Association noted with much appreciation implementation of the VOS was dependent on PMO ser­ the report of the chairman of the Working Group on vices. It also noted that the international seminar/work­ Hydrology (WGH), Prof. F. Bultot (Belgium). It noted shop had developed a set of recommendations that were the progress made in carrying out studies on aspects of intended to strengthen PMO services. Those recommen­ particular concern to Members through its nine rappor­ dations are reproduced in the annex to this paragraph teurs. In particular, it noted with interest the technical (Annex III) for information and guidance to Members. reports on: The Association welcomed the offer by the UK to pro­ vide advice and guidance on the establishment and Title Rapporteur . strengthening of PMO capabilities in Member States. Hydrological reqUirements C. Merlier (France) 7.4.15 The Association noted with appreciation that a for weather radar data J. L. Cheze (France) WMO/IOC Technical Conference on Space-based Ocean H. Sauvageot Observations had taken place in Bergen, Norway, in (France) September 1993, with co-sponsorship also from several Applications of weather radar to R. Moore (UK) --! other international and national organizations, and the hydrology and water resources participation of a large number of scientists from RA VI. The conference had provided an excellent forum for Regional aspects of HOMS J. Hiadny interaction among space and ocean scientists, ocean (Czech Republic) satellite data users, and the ocean satellite operators. Characteristics of operational P. Serban (Romania) hydrological models used in INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM (IGOSS) RA VI (Europe) - Phase II 7.4.16 The Association noted with satisfaction the Operational hydrological M. Spreafico substantial advances made ill the IGOSS programme during reference basins (Switzerland) the past intersessional period, induding the establishment Water-related ecological M. Beran (UK) of the Global Temperature/Salinity Pilot Projectj improved impacts of climate change monitoring of IGOSS data flow and associated follow-up actionj the work of the Task Team on Quality Controlj the Implementation of WMO Basic V. Vuglinsky initiation of an IGOSS Products Bulletinj and the develop­ Network Assessment Project (Russian Federation) ment of the IGOSS Sea Level Pilot Project in the North and (BNAP) in the countries of RA VI tropical Atlantic. It expressed its appreciation to all Members (Europe) - (second draft) contributing to IGOSS, which was recognized .as a primary Casebook on operational hydro­ V. Vuglinsky mechanism for implementation of operational elements of logical networks in RA VI (Russian Federation) GOOS, as well as for the collection and management of the (final draft) sub-surface ocean data required under GCOS. At the same State of the art concerning I. Akkerman time, the Msodation recognized that the level of IGOSS data surface water and groundwater (Netherlands) flow (BATHY, TESAC, TRACKOB) was still very inadequate quality forecasting and control from many ocean areas, and it therefore urged Members (first draft) to further increase their participation in and contributions to IGOSS. Resolu~ion 13 (XI-RA VI) on the subject was In addition to the above, a technical report on: "Climate adopted. and water in Europe: some recent issues" by Messrs 7.4.17 The Association noted with appreCiation that a R. LemmeHi and E. Kuusisto (Finland), H. Liebscher very successful Seminar/Workshop on IGOSS Products had (Germany) and F. Nobilis (Austria) was currently being taken place in Tokyo in April 1991, hosted by the Japan finalized (see also paragraph 8.37). Meteorological Agency, in which several scientists from 8.2 The Association noted that almost all countries RA VI had partidpated. The seminar/workshop had resulted of RA VI had contributed, with data and information, to in a number of important recommendations for improve- the different studies carried out, and indicated that it 26 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI looked forward to receiving the final results of the vari­ adopted by Cg-XI; and (iii) the projects identified by ous surveys conducted. It requested that the technical CHy for implementation at regional levels. The activ­ reports prepared by the group, once finalized, be for­ ities were reflected as appropriate under the terms of warded to the Commission for Hydrology (CHy) so as to reference of the rapporteurs (see paragraph 8.7 below). constitute a possible input to the activities of CHy. It 8.7 On the basis of the recommendations by the further recommended that, in particular, the technical working group and taking into account the decisions of reports prepared on the subject of radar and the "Case­ Cg-XI and the recommendations of CHy, the book on operational hydrological networks in RA VI" Association adopted Resolution 14 (XI-RA VI) re-estab­ should be published and circulated as technical docu­ lishing the WGH, open to all Members of the Region, ments of WMO, in accordance with the policy estab­ with a core of eight rapporteurs who were to undertake lished by Congress (see paragraph 8.3 below). specific work on different aspects of the group's terms of 8.3 The Association noted with appreciation that, reference, as given in the annex to Resolution 14 (XI-RA in accordance with the decisions of Cg-XI, two techni­ VI). It further appointed a vice-chairman of the group to cal reports produced during the previous intersessional assist the chairman in the performance of his duties. period by rapporteurs of the RA VI WGH, the content of With respect to the group's membership, the which was considered to be of more than regional inter­ Association requested its Members to ensure an ade­ est, had been issued in the newly approved series of quate representation of both the Meteorological and Technical Reports in Hydrology and Water Resources. Hydrological Services of RA VI. It further recommended They were the reports on "Studies and models for calcu­ that consideration be given to the. appointment of lating the input of climate variability and change on "associate" rapporteurs, particularly in those cases water resources within WMO RA VI", prepared by where a rapporteurship called for a large number of Messrs R. LemmeHi (Finland), H. Liebscher (Germany) tasks to be undertaken, such as under HOMS, climate and F. Nobilis (Austria), and "Hydrological cooperation and water, and sediment transport. in selected international river basins within Europe" by 8.8 The Association requested that at least one Mr M. Spreafico (Switzerland). Furthermore, another session of the group be arranged during the next inter­ recent report by Mr Spreafico on the subject of sessional period and that financial assistance be provided "Hydrological observation requirements in operational by WMO to the core rapporteurs to attend the session. hydrological reference basins" had been submitted for publication in the same series. WMO LONG-TERM PLAN 8.4 The Association agreed that the WGH had been 8.9 The Association noted the views of the RA VI increasingly effective in establishing a number of con­ WGH with respect to the draft of the Fourth Long-term certed actions in the field of water. Examples were the Plan (4LTP) of WMO for the HWRP that the needs and close cooperation achieved amongst Hydrological, interests of Members of RA VI were adequately reflected Hydrometeorological and Meteorological Services of in the activities envisaged in the 4LTP. It endorsed the Members of RA VI for the implementation of certain recommendations of the group, namely that: topics of the group's work programme, such as activities • Interdisciplinary connections (biology, ecology, under climate and water projects (see paragraph 8.37 socio-economic aspects, etc.) should be below), the intercomparison of hydrological models emphasized; (paragraph 8.42) and the organization of the workshop • More attention should be given to groundwater on requirements and applications of weather radar data problems; in hydrology and water resources (paragraph 8.26). It • . The Executive Summary should reflect better the therefore considered that there was a need to give the character of the programme; group's products wider publicity. On the other hand, • The description of the objectives under Project 52.1 the Association also expressed the view that an assess­ should include droughts as natural disasters; ment would be convenient to the extent to which the • Similarly, the description of the objectives under achievements of the group had already had an effect on Project 52.3 should stress that the project was the performance of national agencies concerned, e.g. undertaken as a follow-up of ICWE and UNCED. through increased transfer of technology, improved 8.10 The Association was informed by the chairman forecast accuracy, etc. of the RA VI WGH of the results of the "brainstorming" 8.5 The Association expressed its appreciation to session the group had held during its seventh session the rapporteurs for the technical reports prepared, and (Toulouse, October 1993). It noted the group's views on congratulated the chairman of the group for his leader­ the future of the HWRP and the RA VI WGH. In partic­ ship and the significant results achieved. ular, it noted that the role of hydrology needed to be 8.6 The Association fully endorsed the programme strengthened in the light of the outcome of the Inter­ of future activities in the field of hydrology and water national Conference on Water and Environment resources of the group. It noted that the proposed activ­ (ICWE) (Dublin, January 1992) and the UN Conference ities took into account: (i) the status and results of the on Environment and Development (UNCED) (Rio de implementation of its current terms of reference; Janeiro, 1992), either by concentrating the relevant (ii) WMO's Third Long-term Plan, Part II, Volume 5, activities of agencies, or by expanding the competence Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP), as and the structure of WMO in that field. . GENERAL SUMMARY 27

INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL the second edition of the INFOHYDRO Manual (WMO­ HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES AND BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL AND No. 638). In response to requests circulated in 1988-89 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES and 1992, countries of RA VI had submitted updated 8.11 The Association noted the increased participa­ information. The publication of the second edition had tion and involvement of national Hydrological Agencies been delayed in order to take into account the recent in many hydrological activities of WMO. It recognized changes in Europe. The ASSOciation, noting that that the important roles of hydrological advisers to the edition was practically ready for publication, agreed that permanent representatives with WMO, of members of INFO HYDRO was a valuable means of providing infor­ CHy and of the regional working groups in planning and mation on the world's Hydrological Services. It therefore implementing the HWRP and the derived benefits at the requested Members to support fully and cooperate national level. In particular, it agreed that the hydro­ with the Secretary-General in his efforts to keep the logical advisers could be instrumental in the coordina­ INFOHYDRO Manual complete and up-to-date. tion of the work of all the national experts involved in the hydrological activities of WMO. In that context it HYDROLOGICAL NETWORKS noted that 22 of the 4S Members of RA VI had desig­ 8.18 The Association noted that the preparation of nated hydrological advisers, and that 17 countries had the "Casebook on operational hydrological networks in combined Meteorological and Hydrological Services. RA VI" had been completed by Mr V. Vuglinsky (Russian 8.12 The Association noted the report by the chair­ Federation). It noted that it had been compiled by him man of the RA VI WGH on the activities undertaken by on the basis of contributions by various group members. him in the capacity of regional hydrological adviser. It agreed that the casebook provided a view of existing 8.13 In accordance with WMO General Regulation data collection networks and of the methods applied in 167(b), the Association designated the regional hydro­ the various countries for the design and development of logical adviser by its Resolution 14 (XI-RA VI) .. their networks in a rational way. Furthermore, some of case studies contributed by a number of countries pro­ DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION FOR vided information on the operations of different types HYDROLOGY CONCERNING REGIONAL ACTIVITIES of networks. 8.14 The Association noted that the ninth session of 8.19 The Association was informed of the activities CHy (Geneva, January 1993) had: (i) reviewed ways for regarding the network analysis which all RAs WGH of further strengthening cooperation and links between WMO had been assigned to carry out, in close coordi­ CHy and its bodies and the RAs WGHj and (ii) consid­ nation and collaboration with CHy. It noted the status ered actions that would further enhance the role of the of implementation of the WMO Basic Hydrological RAs WGH in the HWRP. It was pleased to note that Network Assessment Project (BNAP), which was aimed CHy-IX had elected Prof. K. Hofius (Germany) as presid­ at improving the guidance material on network design. ent, and that of the 27 experts who were nominated by Both the BNAP and HYNET (see paragraph 8.22 below) CHy-IX as members of the Commission's working projects were discussed in detail during the Workshop groups or as rapporteurs, eight were from RA VI. on Network Design Practices (Koblenz, Germany, 8.15 The Association was informed that the November 1991). The Association noted that its two Commission had considered a number of problems rapporteurs on the subject had actively participated in which were affecting the performance and output of the workshop. some of the RAs WGH. One of the most common to all 8.20 The Association noted that a report on Regions was the long delay observed in the nomination "Implementation of WMO Basic NetWork Assessment and approval of members of the RAs WGH by individual Project (BNAP) in the countries of Region VI (Europe)", countries, preventing the initiation of activities of the had also been prepared by Mr Vuglinsky, on the basis of groups and thus causing wasted time, in some cases information provided by ten countries of the Region. exceeding more than one year. Recognizing that that From the analysis it could be concluded that the densi­ issue was also affecting the RA VI WGH, the Association ties of the various types of stations in the temperate cli­ endorsed the recommendations by CHy to overcome mate zone in general exceeded the minimum density those problems. requirements given in the WMO Guide to Hydrological Practices. The Association noted that since the prepara­ OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME (OHP) - BASIC tion of the report additional responses had been SYSTEMS received from a number of countries. Recognizing the 8.16 The Association was pleased to note that its extent of the efforts already undertaken by the rappor­ WGH had made Significant inputs to the activities with­ teur, the Association recommended that he should com­ in the OHP. The ttemsreported below were discussed in plete his analysis, taking into account the additional detail. responses. The report should then be sent to the CHy rapporteur on the subject for the global analysis of HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE networks. (INFO HYDRO) 8.21 The Association agreed that the BNAP results for 8.17 The Association was informed .of work on the RA VI had proven that minimum densities for the Region updating of the Referral Service and the preparation of were in general superseded and no longer applicable. There 28 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI was need rather for the definition of optimal densities having deSignated a HOMS National Reference Centre taking into account the purpose of the observing network, (HNRC). Thirty-three of the HNRCs were in RA VI, e.g. navigation, flood-forecasting, climate change. It also which corresponded to about 80 per cent of the coun­ recognized that special attention should be given to the tries of the Region. The number of components avail­ study of networks in basins with disturbed regimes and to able in the HOMS Reference Manual had risen to 429, of water-quality monitoring networks. which 234 had been contributed by 23 HNRCs in RA VI. 8.22 As regards the WMO project on Intercomparison By March 1994, the number of requests for transfer of of Operational Network Design Techniques (HYNET), the HOMS components had reached a landmark of 3 000 Association expressed the hope that, in addition to since the founding of HOMS (August 1981). Since the Germany and the Czech Republic, other countries of the last session of the Association, 19 HNRCs in the Region Region would also be able to contribute to it. had requested 227 components and supplied 689. 8.28 The Association noted that a report had been REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER RADAR DATA prepared by its rapporteur on the subject, Mr ]. Hladny IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES (Czech Republic). The report comprised the results of the 8.23 The Association was informed that the monitoring of HOMS activities since the last session of Rapporteur on Hydrological Requirements for Weather the group. The results showed thatRA VI countries were Radar Data originally designated (P. Boiret, France) had playing a substantial role in technology transfer through prepared a survey for the collection of relevant informa­ HOMS, not only at the regional but also at the global tion in the Region. Eighteen countries had provided the level. It also noted the recommendations of the rappor­ information requested, which was completed with cer­ teur regarding the need for meetings of representatives tain data extracted of the final report of the project of HNRCs and workshOps for the demonstration of appli­ COST-73. Based on the responses received, the three cations of new technologies, such as geographical infor­ new rapporteurs (c. Merlier, ]. L. Cheze and mation systems (GIS), the possible implementation of H. Sauvageot (France» had prepared a report on the regional HOMS projects and joint efforts (capabilities subject. and resources) of some RA VI HNRCs for the develop­ 8.24 The Association agreed that the report was very ment or adaptation of hydrological technologies. useful in recalling the requirements in the field of 8.29 The Association also noted that the rapporteur hydrology as regards the measurement of precipitation. was currently developing a computer search programme It not only highlighted the complementary nature of to assist users in the selection of the HOMS components the classical measurement networks and radar, but also required for specific types of water resource activities. the limitations of the latter. The report further described the embryoniC and heterogeneous character of the WATER QUALITY MONITORING, FORECASTING AND CONTROL European radar network and recalled the technical prob­ 8.30 The Association noted that a preliminary report lems which had to be addressed with priority so as to had been prepared by Ms I. Akkerman (Netherlands), make radar observations more reliable and precise. rapporteur on the subject. It noted that the report had 8.25 The Association was informed that the Rappor­ been based on the responses to a CHy questionnaire teur on Applications of Weather Radar Data to circulated during 1991-1992, as well as on a literature Hydrology and Water Resources, Mr R. Moore (UK), had survey performed. It comprised a brief deSCription on the also prepared a survey for the collection of relevant topic of real-time water quality control and of the state­ information in the Region. Ten countries had supplied of-the-art techniques for in situ measurements. Recog­ their responses on the basis of which the rapporteur nizing that the state-of-the-art overview of water-quality had prepared his draft report, which was currently monitoring, forecasting and control was incomplete, the being completed with additional responses received rapporteur had made a number of recommendations on subsequently. subjects that needed further exploration. 8.26 The Association was informed that the main 8.31 The Association recognized the importance findings and conclusions of both the above reports had that water-quality issues had for many countries of the been considered during a workshop on the subject, Region. In that context, it noted with appreciation that which had been held in Toulouse in conjunction with a workshop on advances in water-quality monitoring the seventh session of the working group. It noted the had been organized by WMO during March 1994 at the key issues which the workshop had addressed and kind invitation of Austria, with a large participation of agreed that the key papers presented, as well as the con­ experts of RA VI countries. It also noted the plans for a clusions an~ recommendations, should be published workshop on assessment of the aquatic environment, to jointly with the reports mentioned under paragraphs be organized jointly with the Swedish Meteorological 8.23 and 8.25 above, so as to constitute a consolidated and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) as part of the volume on that important subject for hydrologists. Stockholm Water SympOSium, to be held during August 1994. REGIONAL ASPECTS OF HOMS . 8.32 The Association noted the views of the group 8.27 The Association was briefed on recent develop­ regarding the importance of solid and suspended sediment ments in HOMS. It noted that HOMS continued to transport monitoring programmes and the problems receive the strong support of Members, 111 countries associated with those activities in the Region, including GENERAL SUMMARY 29 their relation to water-quality issues. Furthermore, it were urged to contribute data. In that context, the recommended that a report on that specific subject should Association was informed about ateport on hydrologi­ be compiled jointly by four co-rapporteurs who would cal design data estimation techniques prepared by the collect information from four regions respectively (the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and published in Rhine and Elbe, 'and Danube river basins, and the Nordic May 1993 in the WCASP report series. and southern European countries). 8.37 The Association noted that a preliminary report had been prepared on "Climate and water in OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL REFERENCE BASINS (OHRB) Europe: some recent issues" by Messrs R. LemmeHi 8.33 The Association noted that a preliminary (Finland), H. Liebscher (Germany), F. Nobilis (Austria) report had been prepared by Mr Spreafico (Switzerland), and E. Kuusisto (Finland). The report dealt mainly with rapporteur on the subject, on activities undertaken in studies published after 1990. The rapporteurs had the framework of OHRBs. It agreed that observations in stressed in particular the sensitivity of water manage­ small hydrological basins were essential for both practi­ ment to climate change, the' need for water-resource cal applications in water-resource management and managers to become acquainted with the range of environmental protection, as well as for the under­ hydrological sensitivities of their systems to climate standing of hydrological processes. It was recognized change and, furthermore, that. practically all existing that information from OHRBs could be used not only on water-resources systems had been designed on the basis a national but also on an international scale. The of. the same axiom - the past was the key to the future. Association noted the proposal for setting up a network Therefore, there was also a need for all systems to be re­ of such basins in RA VI. It noted in that context that examined. The Association recognized that the issue already four countries had provided the relevant data could be of particular relevance to RA VI countries (see and seven others had expressed their willingness to do also paragraph 8.1). so. On the basis of the information to be collected, a 8.38 The Association was informed of the results of . comprehensive catalogue of OHRBs in RA VI would be the sixth planning meeting on WCP-Water (Wallingford, prepared. It was emphasized that the catalogue would UK, March 1993). It noted in particular the statement of be a metadatabase, including only the description of the the meeting, which stressed the central role of data in basins and of the databases available. WCP-Water activities. Global coverage, long-term recording, quality control, free and unrestricted exchange OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME - ApPLICATIONS of data and adequate timeliness were therefore all AND ENVIRONMENT emphaSized. 8.34 The Association noted the increasing involve­ ment of its working group in matters concerning appli­ WATER-RELATED ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE cations and services to water-resources development 8.39 The Association noted that a preliminary and management, in particular to hydrological forecast­ report had been prepared by Mr M. Beran (UK), rappor­ ing and on the impact of variations in climate. teur on the subject. The report discussed water-related ecological impacts of climate through the surface WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP-WATER) energy balance, the carbon cycle and greenhouse gas 8.35 The interaction between the RA VI WGH and emissions, and the effect of CO2 enrichment on the WCP-Water was also considered to be a positive devel­ water-use efficiency of vegetation. opment. The Association noted that 41 of its Members 8.40 The Association noted the view expressed by had contributed data to the Global Runoff Data Centre the rapporteur that many of the issues raised in the (GRDC) at the Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, report appeared to fall outside the direct range of opera­ Germany. It was recognized that the more comprehen­ tional hydrology, due to the fact that they were primar­ sive the coverage of Europe, the more successful were ily of research interest and partly because the global likely to be the studies and models of the climatological scope far exceeded the spatial scale of a catchment area and hydrological regimes, which were of great potential or aquifer unit. Nevertheless, it would be desirable that value to all countries in the Region. In that context, the operational hydrology became actively involved with Association noted the recommendations of the group important current environmental problems. Probably that contacts should be established or reinforced that could be arranged by ensuring that appropriate between national institutions responSible for collection data were . made available to GCOS, the Global of discharge data and the GRDC and, furthermore, that Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) and GEWEX and to members of the RA VI WGH should promote, as equivalent IGBP structures. In the light of the above, the reqUired, the provision of their country's data for inclu­ Association recommended that the group should keep sion in the GRDC archive. abreast of developments in that field. 8.36 Another project under WCP-Water of interest to the Association was that on the analysis of long-time OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELS series of hydrological data. A large number of time series 8.41 The Association recalled that the first phase of from the Region were analysed by the project, but a the project on "Characteristics of hydrological models used wider geographical spread was needed, and more coun­ in RA VI" had. been completed in 1986 with the report by tries of the Region with long records (at least 30 years) Mr P. Serban (Romania), the rapporteur on the subject. 30 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

That report then had fonned part of an overall report on 8.47 The Association was informed about the out­ Hydrological models for water-resources system design and come of the Fourth Joint WMO/UNESCO Conference operation, published in 1990 (OH Report No. 34). During on Hydrology, held in Paris (March 1993). It noted that the second phase model owners were to undertake the a "Paris Statement" had been adopted by the conference testing of one or more models on data supplied by which called, among others, for increased- effectiveness interested institutions. An additional aim of the activity of operational hydrology activities and a closer cooper­ was to allow interested agencies to select the type of ation at national and international levels of the pro­ models which would best meet their requirements. grammes of both organizations. For that purpose and at ~.42 The Association noted that during the second the invitation of France, -a task group involving repre­ phase the following models had been tested: IRMB in sentatives of WMO, UNESCO and ICSU had met at La the Murg basin (Switzerland), and DIFFU, CLCM, DLCM Saline Royale d'Arc-et-Senans during November 1993. and DANUBIUS on the Romanian sector of the Danube. The recommendations of the group would be to be con­ The implementation of the second phase however had sidered by EC-XLVI Gune 1994). been affected by some problems (long-lasting and cost­ 8.48 Inter-agency coordination was also important ly calibration of models and verification activities, and in the implementation of activities under the WMO institutional changes in a number of participating Plan of Action for the IDNDR. In that context the countries). Association noted that a World Conference on Natural 8.43 The Association noted that the group had re­ Disaster Reduction would be held in Yokohama, Japan, commended that the intercomparison should not be from -23 to 27 May 1994. Additional .information was continued. However, recognizing the need for short­ provided under agenda item 13.2.2. range hydrological forecasting (especially flood forecast­ 8.49 Finally, the Association noted that WMO parti­ ing) in basins -of modified regimes in the Region, the Cipated in meetings of the UN Economic Commission group had suggested that a rapporteur be appOinted on for Europe, in particular the meetings of Senior Advisers the issue. The Association endorsed that recommend­ on Environmental and Water Problems. ation. The terms of reference of the new rapporteur ate 8.50 The Association was informed about the Inter­ given in the annex of Resolution 14 (XI-RA VI). national Conference on Water and the Environment, which had been convened by WMO in Dublin in MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW OF FLOOD FORECASTING SYSTEMS January 1992 on behalf of the 24 agencies with mem­ (MOFFS) bership in the Inter-Secretariat Group for Water 8.44 The Association noted that MOFFS enabled the Resources. The conference had highlighted the many facilities and annual performance of many individual complex freshwater issues facing the world and devel­ flood forecasting systems to be described and monitored oped a strategy for action for the remainder of the cen­ using a three-part point scoring system. MOFFS had tury and into the next. The recommendations of the been adopted for use by the WMO tropical cyclone conference and means for their implementation were bodies. In April 1991, WMO Members had been invited embodied in the Dublin Statement and in the report of to designate flood forecasting systems to be monitored. the conference. Many of the matters addressed had been Recognizing the relevance of the system also for flood incorporated in the freshwater section of Agenda 21 - forecasting activities in RA VI countries, the Association the blueprint for action - of the UN Conference on recommended that its group should give consideration Environment and Development. The Association was to possible participation in the exercise. informed of the follow-up to UNCED under agenda item 13.2.1. OTHER WATER-RELATED ISSUES 8.51 The Association noted that the forty-seventh 8.45 The Association was informed that WMO had session of the UN General Assembly (November 1992), continued its cooperation with other international when discussing UNCED follow-up action, had adopted organizations and that, at the international level in a resolution designating the 22 March of each year as the field of hydrology and water resources, WMO's "World Day for Water". In the resolution, Members closest links were with UNESCO. A handbook for the were urged to devote that day to appropriate national national evaluation of water-resource assessment activ­ activities, such as the promotion of public awareness, ities had been prepared jointly by the two organiza­ and the UN had been asked to make arrangements to tions. The handbook was published in English in 1988 ensure the success of the celebrations. In that context, and the French and Spanish versions had been issued appreciation was expressed for the brochure and video recently. The second edition of the WMO/ film that had been prepared and sent by WMO to all UNESCO International Glossary of Hydrology was pub­ Members for the 1994 celebrations. lished in December 1992, as the culmination of many 8.52 The Association was informed that CHy-IX had years of cooperative work. also considered the outputs of ICWE and UNCED. The 8.46 Another substantial outcome of inter-agency Commission had noted that, to meet the new require­ cooperation was the publication in 1991 of the ments outlined during those events, hydrologists would WMO/UNESCO report on Water Resources Assessment­ need improved information on water resources, and Progress in the implementation of the 1977 Mar del Plata CHy had adopted a statement on improvements Action Plan and a strategy for the 1990s. reqUired to water-resources assessment. The president of GENERAL SUMMARY 31

CHy had presented that statement to the forty-fifth importance to Members in meeting their increasing session of the Executive Council Gune 1993), which had responsibilities under the various programmes of the agreed to its wide distribution. Organization. 9.2 The Association was pleased to note Volume 6 TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND TRAINING of Part II of the Third WMO Long-term Plan as adopted 8.53 The Association noted that operational hydro­ by Eleventh Congress and urged its Members to carry logy and related training projects constituted a major out the various tasks and projects of the plan. portion of WMO's technical assistance to Members, mainly funded by UNDP. That support was closely co­ EC PANEL OF EXPERTS ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING ordinated with HOMS in such a way that appropriate 9.3 The Association noted the views and recom­ technology available at Hydrological Services of mendations of the EC Panel of Experts on Education Members was transferred at minimum expense to and Training on the activities of WMO regional associa­ Members carrying out development projects. UNDP­ tions in education and training. supported sectoral advisory assistance in hydrology was 9.4 The Association encouraged the active coordi­ also provided. Furthermore, the Voluntary Cooperation nation and collaboration between the AssOCiation, its Programme (VCP) of WMO had been extended so that, working groups and rapporteurs, on the one hand, and in addition to other funding sources, it provided sup­ the panel, on the other, in relevant activities in the field port to activities in the HWRP. Hydrological Services of. education and training. Accordingly, it recommend­ had been invited to formulate proposals for assistance in ed that proposals of its working groups and rapporteurs the fields of hydrology and water resources under VCP. relating to education and training aspects should be In many cases, RA VI countries had been identified as closely coordinated with the panel. It noted,· however, possible donors to VCP. Technical assistance activities that the existing coordination mechanisms were ade­ are reported under agenda item 10. quate to meet the needs of the Association in matters related to training and education. WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS) TRAINING ACTIVITIES FOR MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 8.54 The Association was informed about the pro­ 9.5 The Association emphasized the importance of motion by WMO, with the support of the World Bank the manpower development programme, in particular and other agencies, of the concept of a World Hydro­ to developing countries and some of its new Members, logical Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS), which was a and further stressed the need for a strategic approach to long-term initiative to -improve knowledge of the hydro­ the implementation of such a programme. With respect logical cycle. WHY COS was a direct response to the need to the next global survey of Members' training require­ expressed by ICWE, and included in chapter 18 of ments, the Association recommended that: Agenda 21, for an improved knowledge base in terms of (a) Members should arrange to complete the survey quantity and quality. WHYCOS would consist initially questionnaire and provide all the requested of about 1 000 stations worldwide sited on major rivers. information; Each station would monitor about 15 variables such as (b) The requirements of Members for training in new flow, load, water chemistry and on-bank meteorological technologies should be properly identified. variables. Many of those stations already existed, 9.6 The Association noted the efforts being made mostly in the developed world. The data collected by the WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centre would be transmitted via geostationary satellites, such (RMTC) in Erice, Italy, during the last few years to as METEOSAT, to national, regional and global centres, enhance its activities. The Association urged Members employing the WMO/WWW system where applicable. hosting RMTCs to make every effort to shoulder their In turn, WHY COS would contribute data to WWW, responsibilities and obligations, in accordance with the GCOS and GTOS. The concept was currently being criteria laid down by the Executive Council for the developed for Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, designation of WMO RMTCs and with the terms of the for countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea and for agreement signed between WMO and the host coun­ the basin of the Aral Sea. The Association fully endorsed tries. In that respect, the Association requested the the development of WHYCOS. Executive Council to review the criteria for the recogni­ tion of WMO RMTCs. The review should reflect the pur­ 9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME - pose of designation and make prOvision for: REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 9) (a) Documentary evidence of training functions in GENERAL support of an application for designation; 9.1 The Association examined the information on (b) Periodic assessment of the effectiveness of a centre; the implementation of the Education and Training and Programme in the Region since its last session. In noting (c) Periodic review of the designation. with appreciation the progress achieved and the The Association considered that the above-mentioned assistance provided to Members in developing their proposals would strengthen the framework of designa­ trained manpower resources, the Association stressed tion and maintain the credibility of the designation that education and training continued to be of great scheme. Such a scheme should ensure that regional and - 32 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI language requirements were adequately met while biennium 1994-1995, subject to the availability of maintaining general consistency of approach between funds. The, Association indicated the following priority Regions. subject areas of interest to the Region, namely: numeri­ 9.7 The Association noted with appreciation the cal weather forecasting modelsj operational statistical kind offer of the Russian Federation to host an RMTC forecastingj basic theory of meteorological radarsj with three components on the basis of the existing remote-sensingj and new technologies especially in training facilities of the Advanced Training Institute telecommunications. Several new Members indicated and the Moscow Hydrometeorological College (both the need for specialized short duration on-the-job train­ located near Moscow), and the Russian State ing. In that regard, the Association expressed its appre­ Hydrometeorological Institute in St Petersburg. The ciation for such training provided by some Members in Association noted that those Institutes provided special­ the Region. ized training and graduate education in Russian which 9.13 While noting with appreciation the important should meet the training needs of the Newly . and valuable roles of Members in providing financial Independent States in RA VI as well as of Members in and other assistance for the organization of training the neighbouring Regions. It therefore recommended events, the Association expressed the hope that, as fore­ that appropriate procedures should be initiated for the seen by the TLTP, Members would continue such sup­ designation of an RMTC in the Russian Federation. In port, in particular through hosting training events, that connection the Association adopted Recommenda­ finanCially supporting the participation of their accept­ tion 1 (XI-RA VI). ed candidates and by providing lecturers or instructors. 9.8 The Association noted with appreciation the 9.14 The Association noted with pleasure the kind offer of Israel to host an RMTC at the Training training publications that had been prepared and issued School at Bet Dagan, Israel. The Association also noted by the Organization since its last session. It also noted that the school provided specialized training in English that they were being used extensively at national and in applied meteorology, especially for semi-arid climatic;: regional training centres. The Association requested the conditions, at postgraduate level. Since the courses met Secretary-General to continue the preparation and the training needs to Members in RA VI as well as those publication of relevant training materials of interest to of other Regions, the. Association recommended that its Members. Taking into account the limited budgetary appropriate procedures should be initiated for the desig­ provisions for that purpose, the Association invited its nation of an RMTC at the Training School at Bet Dagan. Members to provide assistance for those activities as far In that connection, the Association adopted Recom­ as possible. mendation 2 (XI-RA VI). 9.15 The Association was informed that, since its 9.9 In light of the above recommendations, the last session, the stock of materials available in the Association requested the Secretary-General to study the Training Library had increased and that the Secretariat offers made by Israel and the Russian Federation taking was functioning as an exchange forum for audiovisual into consideration the views of the Association on the and computer-aided learning (CAL) software materials. establishment of such RMTCs in Israel and the Russian In urging Members to make use of the facilities of the Federation, respectively, and to report to the EC Panel of Training Library in their training programmes, the Experts on Education and Training and the Executive Association also drew the attention of Members to their Council. The Association welcomed the offer made by responSibilities, as indicated in the TLTP, Part II, some Members to collaborate with the proposed Volume 6. In particular, it requested Members to make RMTCs, once they were established. available to the Training Library texts, materials, and 9.10 The Association agreed with the need, stressed seconded experts for the development of special activ­ by Eleventh Congress, for more emphasis to be placed ities such as correspondence courses and computer­ by RMTCs on regional training reqUirements for special­ aided learning techniques. In addition, the Association ized courses in various subject areas. In that connection, requested the Secretary-General to continue to make Members were requested to assist RMTCs in organizing available to training institutions the new training teCh­ courses, using such ways and means as the provision of niques, in particular those related to computer-aided instructors for short-term assignments and relevant and distance learning. training materials, aids and other assistance under TCDC or other bilateral and multilateral arrangements. NATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 9~11 The Association noted that, since its last ses­ 9.16 The Association expressed its gratitude to those sion, WMO .had organized or participated in the organi­ of its Members, as well as to Members from other zation of 11 training events in the Region of interest to Regions, which had made their national training facili­ the Association. The Members of the Association had ties available for the training of meteorological and also had the opportunity to benefit from 34 other train­ operational hydrological personnel of RA VI. The ing events organized and hosted by WMO Members, Association invited its Members to participate actively with WMO acting as co-sponsor or providing partial in the provision of training services to Members from financial support. other Regions and to WMO RMTCs. 9.12 The Association further noted the list of subject 9.17 The Association noted with interest that WMO areas of training events which were planned during. the mandatory publication No. 240 - Compendium of GENERAL SUMMARY 33

Training Facilities for Meteorology and Operational Spain would provide fellowships to personnel from Hydrology - had been revised and a new lo

11.4 The Association recognized that in the next • The exploitation of ensemble forecasting techniquesj decade there would be, in the Region, an increasing • The implementation and further development of requirement for meteorological and hydrological ser­ nowcasting techniquesj vices in support of sustainable development and protec­ • The recovery of contributions to the cost of meteoro­ tion of the environment, including the implementation logical and hydrological infrastructures from private of UNCED Agenda 21, the Framework Convention on firms providing meteorological and hydrological Climate Change, and a probable future international servicesj Convention on Desertification. The goal was to ensure • The consideration ofmeans of cost sharing, particu- maximum potential benefit for all nations from sound larly for systems in extraterritorial areas. application of meteorological, hydrological and related 11.8 The Association requested the Secretary­ environmental data, knowledge and services. General to include the above statement on regional 11.5 The majority of Members in the Region were priorities in the relevant chapter of Part I of the 4LTP, developed countries. The requirements of the various with such editorial revisions as might be necessary. social and economic sectors for meteorological and hydrological services were strong and, in most cases, 12. PUBLIC INFORMATION - REGIONAL ASPECTS clearly defined. Many of the countries were small and (agenda item 12) therefore totally dependent on the international 12.1 The Association recalled the objectives of the exchange of meteorological and hydrological data and WMO Public Information Programme as defined by products. Some national Services of the Region, particu­ Eleventh Congress as well as the guidance given by larly in the Newly Independent States, would have to be Congress on that matter. It also noted that Congress assisted in their development. The Association noted had defined the main objective of WMO's Public that emphasis should be placed on cooperation among Information Programme as to inform the· public and Member countries in the Region, not only in research decision-makers of advances made in the sciences of and development of new technologies but also in the meteorology, hydrology and related diSciplines and of effective use of available resources through regional the significance of weather, climate and water resources initiatives. The aim was to integrate the disparate tech­ to the social and economic development of nations. It nologicallevels of Members into an effective global and noted with interest that major efforts were under way regional system and to assist all Members in the Region within the Secretariat to integrate public information to participate fully in, and benefit from, the pro­ activities with those of the scientific and technical pro­ grammes of WMO. grammes and to ensure that regional concerns as well as 11.6 The Association agreed that, in the next those of individual Members were properly taken into decade, the continuing highest priority should be given account as the programme evolved. to those activities which: 12.2 The Association noted that the forty-fifth ses­ (a) Ensured the operational implementation of the sion of the Executive Council had stressed the need for RBSN plan as developed during the current session a dynamiC and effective Public Information Programme of the Associationj to meet new challenges arising from the follow-up (b) Improved the quality of local weather forecasts and actions to the UN Conference on Environment and severe weather warningsj Development. The Association agreed that that called (c) Ensured the implementation of a regional telecom­ for a new thrust and re-orientation of the public infor­ munications system that would provide a high mation strategy and approach in each country of the level of service across the whole Regionj Region in light of those new developments. The (d) Promoted the introduction and performance Association invited Members to make every effort to assessment of appropriate observing teChnology, strengthen or develop such strategies or approaches. taking account of new systems and of their 12.3 It was also recognized that the wide distribu­ suitabilityj tion of specially prepared material helped to increase (e) Assisted national Services to provide sound, public. awareness of the work of WMO and of scientifically-based and practical advice on Meteorological and Hydrological Services. In that national, regional and global environmental regard, the Association expressed its appreciation to the issues, including climate change and accidental Secretary-General for the ~ide variety of printed and release of hazardous materialsj audio-visual material, such as fact sheets, media (f) Strengthened the Meteorological and Hydrological features, press kits, booklets, posters, newsletters and Service~ of the less-developed Members in the videofilmsr that had been distributed to all Members. Region. 12.4 The AssoCiation agreed that the exchange of 11.7 The Association noted that the issues of par­ public information material, advice and expertise ticular importance to its Members during the twelfth among Members of the Region would be mutually sup­ financial period would be: portive. The Association also agreed to take every oppor­ • The exploitation of work stations to improve tunity of reaching a wider audience by promoting activ­ regional NWPj ities of mutual interest in collaboration with other • The preservation of several operational centres en­ regional bodies and organizations such as the United gaging in global NWPj Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), and GENERAL SUMMARY 37

United Nations Information Centres and with appropri­ the interest of all Members of WMO. It was also noted ate non-governmental organizations. that a refined and more detailed version of the practice, 12.5 The Association stressed the need to comple­ including assessment of the implications of its opera­ ment WMO's global efforts with action at the national tion, was to be developed, ultimately, for consideration level, particularly in the follow-up to UNCED and the by Twelfth Congress, at which time a decision would be implementation of Agenda 21. For that purpose, the made on the implementation of the new practice. Association invited its Members to take the necessary 13.1.3 The Association indicated its appreciation for actions which should include: the material (produced during the second session of the (a) Establishing close contacts! as appropriate, with WGCOM) submitted by the Secretary-General, which representatives of governmental and non-govern­ included some of the relevant details, and complimented mental organizations, the mass media, bilateral and the chairman of the WGCOM, Professor A. Lebeau, for multilateral agencies, the private sector, academic his leadership. The Association expressed the view that and research institutions, among others, with a the proposed new practice would permit different view to promoting WMO's programme activities as national positions to be accommodated regarding the . well as those of national Meteorological and provision of meteorological service to the public. Some Hydrological Services; Members of the Association also communicated their (b) Ensuring the regular distribution and wide dissem­ positive experience with the interim implementation of ination of WMO materials, as well as those pre­ the framework practice set out in Resolution 20 (EC­ pared by the national Service, to the above· XLV) and with the application of the guidelines for rela­ mentioned individuals and organizations; tions among NMSs and with the private sector. No (c) Organizing events, such as press briefings and problems were reported. It was noted that the proposed media seminars, interviews with experts, open days new practice had evolved considerably from the frame­ and information and public affairs activities in rela­ work practice approved in prinCiple by EC-XLV. It was tion to World Meteorological Day, World Water recognized, however, that additional experience would Day, World IDNDR Day, as well as to launch special be useful to clarify remaining issues and that regional reports or new developments that highlight the associations could become involved, to good effect, in contributions of meteorology and operational developing clarifications, once the practice had been hydrology to socio-economic development; approved by Congress. (d) Designating a focal point for Information and 13.1.4 Questions considered by Members of the Public Affairs, if not alreadydoIie, to work with the Association induded the impacts of the proposed new WMO Information and Public Affairs Office on the practice on countries undergoLTlg economic tramition, and above and other relevant matters. on developing countries. Concerns were voiced regarding 12.6 The Association considered that a continuing the potential for the reduction of cooperation among dialogue between Members and the Secretariat would be NMSs as a result of competition for commercial markets necessary to ensure that the WMO Public Information and for the possible undermining of the WWW resulting activities responded to the needs of national Services from any restriction in the international exchange of data. and met their objectives. In particular, the Association The Association noted both the scope offered for invited the Secretary-General to arrange for the collaboration between NMSs and the private sector and exchange of information on the relevant activities of the dangers of unfair competition. The Association Members in the area of information and public affairs. requested that the WGCOM address, in particular, those The Association further requested its Members to pro­ and other remaining questions and concerns.

vide public information materials and /I success stories" 13.1.5 On the basis of experience and on the infor­ for eventual use by the Secretariat. mation available, the Association concluded that the new practice and the guidelines proposed by the 13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES (agenda item 13) WGCOM would contribute to worldwide cooperation 13.1 INTERNAL MATIERS OF THE AsSOCIATION between NMSs in the international exchange of (agenda item 13.1) meteorological and related data and products and to COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUE the aim of increasing the exchange of data and products 13.1.1 The Association carefully noted the informa­ among Members. The Association therefore expressed tion contained in Resolution 20 (EC-XLV) and that pro­ the desire for urgent action so that the practice and the vided by the Secretary-General on the second session of guidelines could be considered for adoption by all the EC Working Group on the Commercialization of Members of WMO. Meteorological and Hydrological Services (WGCOM). 13.1.6 The Association requested that EC-XLVI take 13.1.2 The Association noted, in particular, that EC­ all necessary steps to ensure that a resolution, which XLV, in Resolution 20, had approved in principle a new addressed the proposed practice, the guidelines and the framework practice for international exchange of data implementation schedule developed by the WGCOM; and products with the aim of reinforcing the principle would be presented to Cg-XII for its consideration. of free (Le. without charge) and unrestricted· exchange Furthermore, the Association requested that the of basic data and products between national Meteo­ Secretary-General inform all Members of developments rological and Hydrometeorological Services (NMSs) in on that important issue. 38 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

RESPONSE OF THE ASSOCIATION TO CHANGES IN RA VI 13.2 REGIONAL ASPECTS OF RELATIONS WITH OTHER 13~1.7 The Association noted that during recent years ORGANIZATIONS, PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES (agenda item 13.2) a number of political changes had taken place in the RA VI area, leading to an increase in the number of The Association noted with interest and Members of the Association and to changes in the tradi­ appreciation the increasing level of cooperation tional pattern of cooperation across Europe. Changes in between WMO and other international organizations in the status and structure of many of the NMHSs in Europe areas of mutual interest at both the regional and global and changes in the traditional way of financing the levels. It noted that those cooperative activities were meteorological and hydrological infrastructure and reflected in the report of the session under the various services were becoming important factors in the devel­ agenda items. It encouraged WMO to continue to foster opment of meteorology and operational hydrology in programmes and activities on the regional level with Europe. The Association emphasized that it should be ECMWF, EUMETSAT, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICSU, IMO, responsive to the changing political and economic IOC, UNEP and UNESCO, amongst others. It also noted climate in Europe so that it could meet the requirements that that cooperation had been further emphasized by of its Members and play its proper role as a tool and recognition of the need to act jointly in certain aspects mechanism for cooperation in meteorology, operational of the follow-up to UNCED and the implementation of hydrology and the implementation of environmental Agenda 21. activities in Europe as related to WMO programmes and activities. 13.2.1 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENi' AND DEVEWPMENT (UNCED) (agenda 13.1.8 The Association considered the special needs of item 13.2.1) its new Members to enable them to meet the new chal­ UNCED FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES lenges in the maintenance and modernization of their infrastructures, especially those related to observations, 13.2.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the telecommunications and data processing as well as Secretary-General's actions related to the follow-up to specialized training. In that regard, the Association wel­ UNCED through his own participation in meetings and comed the support being provided by several Members that of senior staff of the Organization, especially in of the Region. It called for a more concerted effort by maintaining close liaison with international institutions the developed Members of the Association, and WMO, and enhancing the Organization's capabilities and posi­ to meet the overall needs of the new Members. tion in all related UNCED follow-up activities. The 13.1.9 The Association noted that its priorities Association also appreciated the action taken by the included: Secretary-General in keeping Members informed on (a) The strengthening of the WWW system; related UNCED follow-up activities through circular (b) Consolidated support to its new Members, as men- letters, presentations and discussions at meetings of tioned above; heads of national Meteorological and Hydrological Ser­ (c) The issue of commercialization. vices, press releases, and other means. 13.1.10 The Association further considered that 13.2.1.2 The Association expressed its gratitude to the regional institutions, such as ECMWF and EUMETSAT, Secretary-General for his prompt response to should be invited to playa more active role in the activ­ Resolutions 14 (EC-XLIV), 15 (EC-XLIV) and 16 (EC­ ities of the Association. XLV). It also appreciated the establishment of the 13.1.11 In order to enable the Association to address Resource Mobilization Unit within the Technical the challenges in the most effective and timely manner, Cooperation Department to consider carefully all avail­ the Association recommended to the Executive Council able opportunities for external funding resulting from that a short extraordinary session of RA VI should be UNCED. It reaffirmed the importance of resource mobi­ convened during the next financial period. In making lization activities not only in mobilizing external fund­ the recommendation, the Association took note of the ing sources but also in assisting the heads of national role and responsibility of Regional Association VI and Meteorological and Hydrological Services in securing the additional requirements of such an extraordinary national and other funding for their programmes and session on the Secretariat. The Association further pro­ activities leading to the development of the Services. posed that the additional costs should be covered by the The Association was informed of relevant resource Members of the Association and the host country. As mobilization activities undertaken so far. The regards documentation, the Association called for the Association also expressed its satisfaction with the preparation,of session documents that would focus fur­ efforts aimed at the improvement of the public affairs ther on regional issues, reflect the achievements of the activities and looked forward to further benefits during Association and propose targets for the intersessional coming years. period. The documents should further indicate inter­ 13.2.1.3 The Association recognized that UNCED fol­ action with other sectors and corresponding institutions low-up activities were also being undertaken by involved, especially those at the regional level. The Members, such as those reported by Romania and the Association also noted that its role in the development UK. It agreed that its Members should keep the of the regional component of the WMO Long-term Plan Secretary-General, as well as each other, informed of should be reinforced. UNCED follow-up activities in their respective countries, GENERAL SUMMARY 39 particularly those in relation to the relevant pro­ 13.2.1.8 The Association also expressed its apprecia­ grammes of WMO, and implement the relevant actions tion for the WMO publications which had been distrib­ indicated in Resolution 16 (EC-XLV). It further noted uted to NMHSs and which provided Members with that Members had been requested to provide the information on WMO activities and the status of imple­ Secretary-General with specific information concerning mentation of UNCED and Agenda 21, as well as the such activities. The information would be reviewed and Framework Convention on Climate _Change. Among consolidated for dissemination to Members. The them were the following: Association also requested the Secretary-General to con­ (a) Climate variations, drought and desertificationj tinue keeping Members informed of WMO activities in (b) WMO and UNCED-1992j that respect with emphasis on external funding sources (c) WMOand global wanningj such as GEF, UNDP, Capacity 21, the European Union (d) WMO and the ozone issuej and the European Bank for Reconstruction and (e) Meteorology and hydrology fOT sustainable Development. development. 13.2.1.4 The Association recognized that, in formulating 13.2.1.9 The Association felt that thepost-UNCED fol­ the regional aspects of WMO's scientific and technical low-up priorities should be incorporated in the plans programmes, consideration should be given to ensuring and projects within the WMO scientific and -technical appropriate response to UNCED and to the efforts towards programmes. It also called attention to the special need sustainable development by WMO and itS Members, of-Members, particularly developing countries and those especially the NMHSs. In that connection, the Association with economies in transition, to be assisted in the for­ drew attention to the importance of ensuring a monitoring mulation and implementation of national Agenda 21 baseline network which should be the basis for developing programmes relating to the areas of meteorology and sustainable capacities in the Region. That particularly hydrology. related to GeOS and the national climate programmes as 13.2.1.10 The Association requested the Secretary- -responses to the implementation of the Framework - General to facilitate consideration of the above priori­ Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) (see also ties in the course of the preparation of the programme paragraph 5.1.4). The Association noted that the FCCC had and budget for the twelfth financial period as well as the entered into force on 21 March 1994 and that the First Fourth Long-term Plan. Conference of Parties would take place in March 1995 in Berlin, Germany. 13.2.2 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR NATURAL DISASTER 13.2.1.5 The Association also underscored the import­ REOUcnON (IDNDR) (agenda item 13.2.2) ant roie of national Services in providing appropriate 13.2.2.1 The Association noted the important role information to the public and decision-makers in areas played by the Organization in supporting the Inter­ within their competence, such as those relating to nat­ national Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) ural disasters, climate and contributions to sustainable and the WMO Plan of Action for the IDNDR adopted by development. The national Services should also ensure a Cg-XI. It welcomed the emphasis in the plan on the strong linkage between the national development plan application of existing technology and procedures to and the development plan of the NMHS. The disaster reduction, and the geating-up of activities Association also encouraged its Members to develop towards technical cooperation with emphasis on techno­ demonstration projects relating to UNCED follow-up. - logy transfer, institution building, provision of eqUip­ 13.2.1.6 The Association also recognized the impor­ ment and facilities, and human resource development. tant role that the directors of NMHSs could play in It urged the MeteorolOgical and Hydrological Services of accessing funding that could be made available for post­ Members in the Region to cooperate fully with their UNCED activities, especially for national and regional national IDNDR committees, where established. projects. In that respect the Association requested the 13.2.2.2 In the context of the above, the Association was more developed countries in the Region to assist other informed by the representative of the Czech Republic countries through bilateral, multilateral and/or other about the activities undertaken by the country's national schemes for implementing post-UNCED activities. IDNDR Committee. A basic programme had been 13.2.1.7 In connection with the above, the established that was aimed at domestic meteorological and Association expressed its gratitude to the Secretary­ hydrological situations, as well as at international link-ups General for the dissemination of the "Guidelines on the and cooperation in the field of disasters. It noted, in role of national Meteorological and Hydrological particular, the Committee's contribution to the glossary Services in the implementation of Agenda 21 and the on "Disaster Management", the preparation of which had Framework Convention on Climate Change" which the been coordinated by the IDNDR Sdentific and Technical EC Working Group on UNCED Follow-up, including Committee (STC). Recognizing the importance of such a Capacity Building, had presented to the Executive glossary for Meteorological and Hydrological Services, not Council at its forty-fifth session and which had been only those of RA VI but also those of all other WMO agreed upon by the Council. It considered that the Regions, the Association endorsed a recommendation for Guidelines provided assistance to the NMHSs in the the wide distribution of the glossary to WMO Members. It Region in mapping out their own response to the requested the Secretariat to forward that recommendation UNCED follow-up at the national level. to the IDNDR STC. 40 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

13.2.2.3 The Association further noted the three special cast and warning systems could be organized, and by projects for the Decade that were being implemented by extending its own procedures to regional events, such as WMO through the Tropical Cyclone Programme and the extreme snowfall of the type which had recently occurred in Hydrology and Water Resources Programme, namely: some RA VI countries. - (a) Tropical Cyclone Warning System for the South­ West Indian Ocean Region; 14. SCIliNTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS (b) Comprehensive Risk Assessment (CRASH); and (agenda item 14) (c) System for Technology Exchange for Natural 14.1 The following scientific lectures were deliv- Disasters (STEND). ered during the session: It noted that the Tropical Cyclone Warning System was (a) "Regional climate modelling", by Dr B. Machenhauer, being funded by the European Community Development Germany; Fund and that the Government of France had contributed (b) "Water under stress and water management - A through the Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre (La national outlook", by Prof. J. Zielinski, Poland; Reunion). A meeting of a group of experts in 1992 had (c) "Spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and developed a plan for CRASH which had been circulated toa solar UV-radiation", by Prof. Ch.S. Zerefos, Greece. number of countries for their consideration. The Swiss 14.2 The president expressed the appreciation of the National Committee for the IDNDR had made a generous Association to the lecturers for their excellent presentations, donation towards preliminary work on the project. With which were followed by stimulating discussions. respect to the STEND project, the Association noted that an initial planning meeting had been held in late 1993 15. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND attended by representatives of HOMS National Reference RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION Centres and of international seismological and vulcano­ AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL logical associations. That meeting had developed the out­ RESOLUTIONS (agenda item 15) line of STEND, and relevant geophysical organizations had 15.1 The Association examined those of its reso­ been invited to participate in the system. lutions which were still in force at the time of the 13.2.2.4 The Association stressed the importance of -eleventh session. the exchange of information on the status of national 15.2 The Association noted that most of its past activities and WMO projects that contributed to the resolutions had been replaced by new resolutions adopt­ realization of the aims of the Decade. It welcomed, in ed during the session. It was further noted that while a that context, the publication of the brochure on II A few resolutions had been incorporated in the appropri­ decade against natural disasters" (WMO No. 799), which ate WMO publications some of the previous resolutions had been prepared on the occasion of the forthcoming were still required to be kept in force. World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction 15.3 The results of the review of previous reso­ (Yokohama, Japan, 23-27 May 1994), reported on in the lutions and recommendations are contained in Resolu­ following paragraph. tion 16 (XI-RA VI). 13.2.2.5 The Association was informed about the pre­ 15~4 The Association considered that Resolution 3 parations for the above conference and, in particular, the (EC-XLII) on the report of the tenth session of the organization by WMO of the session of its Technical Association need not to be kept in force. Committee F, which would deal with warning systems. The Association agreed that the conference would be a valuable 16. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (agenda item 16) opportunity to review and refocus Decade activities, and an Prof. Dr P. Steinhauser (Austria) was elected occasion to make the objectives of the Decade more widely unanimously as president of the Association and Mr known. It noted that the Secretary-General of WMO would J. M. Simoes Cristina (Portugal) was elected as vice­ deliver a statement during the plenary session, stressing, preSident. among other things, the importance ofWMO systems for the prevention of hydrometeorological disasters. The Association 17. DATE AND PLACE OF THE NEXT SESSION noted with appreciation that a WMO expert had been (agenda item 17) seconded for a period of six months to assist the IDNDR 17.1 The Association noted the offer of Israel to Secretariat in the organization and follow-up of the confer­ host the next ordinary session of RA VI and the offer of ence. The Association expressed the wish that Members of Austria to host the extraordinary session of RA VI in the Region would participate fully in the conference. 1996 should the Executive Council so decide. 13.2.2.6 Tl;1e Association considered that a satisfactory 17.2 The Association agreed that appropriate deci­ system for issuing, receiving and acting on forecasts and sions on the offers would be made at an appropriate warnings of geophysical extreme events between countries time in accordance with the Convention and General would reqUire carefully negotiated procedures at govern­ Regulations of the Organization. mental level. For certain kinds of weather events and disasters, such agreements had been adopted under the aegis 18. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION of WMO. In the light of that experience, the Association (agenda item 18) expressed the view that WMO should contribute further to The eleventh session of Regional Associ­ the IDNDR by showing how internationally acceptable fore- ation VI closed at 11.15 a.m. on 13 May 1994. . RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION·

RESOLUTION 1 (XI-RA VI) WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION' OF THE WWW IN REGION VI

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), ing the programme relating to Region VI and NOTING: to propose an action programme for inclusion (1) Resolution 2 (Cg-XI) - World Weather Watch in the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan; Programme for 1992-1995, . (d) To develop proposals for the full integration (2) The World Weather Watch Programme· for the . of the WWW components. and functions with period 1992-2001, a view to achieving a cost-effective operation (3) That major developments in science and techno­ and a better supply of WWW data and prod­ logy have taken place which need to be introduced ucts throughout the Region, in particular to into the WWW system, undertake further studies of the reqUirements . (4) That WWW data and products are of vital import­ on the RBSN, taking into account all com­ ance to Members in Region VI for meeting the ponents of the observing system as well as the increasing requirements of users for meteorological enhancement of.data assimilation techniques services, to integrate a variety of data sources; CONSIDERING that: (e) In collaboration with the Coordination Group (1) The implementation of the WWW in the Region for COSNA, to study and report on reqUire­ should be kept under constant review, ments for and means of resourcing observing (2) The introduction 'of the new WV'JW concepts will networks on the North Atiantic; be of great benefit to all Members in the Region, (f> To keep abreast of developments in the fields (3) Full integration of the WWW functional com­ of meteorological data processing, observing ponents requires careful coordination among techniques, telecommunications and data Members of RA VI and constant evaluation of the management and to make recommendations related projects, for their application in the Region; (4) The WMO Long-term Plan needs regular updating (g) To study the possible impact of new methods from the point of view of regional requirements, and techniques, including data management, DECIDES: on the regional structure and functions of the (1) To establish a Working Group on Planning and WWW with a view to developing proposals for Implementation of the WWW in Region VI with optimizing the Global Data-processing System, the following terms of reference: the Global Observing System and the Global (a) To monitor the progress made in the imple­ Telecommunication System in the Region; mentation and operation of the WWW in the (h) To develop an action programme for the Region and to advise on possible improve­ improved exchange of WWW data and ments and priorities for appropriate action to products on the basis of stated regional re­ be carried out under the WWW programme quirements which would include provisions and on the need for external support, where for the generation of high-quality products by required; Global Data-processing System centres in the (b) To develop a mechanism for continuous mon­ Region as well as making available data and itoring of the performance of the WWW sys­ products from other Regions; tem (observing, telecommunication, data pro­ (I) To study mechanisms and activities to enhance cessinK and data management) in the Region. the efficiencyofNMCs and strengthen regional The mechanism should include the capability coordination in the provision of severe weather to initiate remedial action to correct deficien­ warnings; cies identified; (J) To keep under review the regional meteoro~ (c) To keep under review the action taken under logical telecommunication plan and its imple­ the required WWW implementation pro­ mentation; gramme of the Third WMO Long-term Plan (k) To study questions of data and product sets with a view to updating and further develop- and related technical provisions which might 42 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

be needed to satisfy the implications of com- (4) To designate: mercialization activities; (a) A. McIlveen (UK) as coordinator of the Sub- (I) To advise the president of the Association on group on Regional Aspect,:; of the Global all matters concerning the WWW; Telecommunication System; (2) That the working group should be composed of: (b) H. Daari (Nethedands) as coordinator of the • A coordinator of a Sub-group on Regional Sub-group on Regional Aspects of the Global Aspects of the Global Telecommunication Observing System; System; (c) J. Coiffier (France) as coordinator of the Sub- • A coordinator of a Sub-group on Regional group on Regional Aspects of the Global Data- Aspects of the Global Observing System; . _processing Systemi • A coordinator of a Sub-group on Regional (d) M. Alestalo (Finland) as coordinator of the Aspects of the Global Data-processing System; Sub-group on Regional Aspects·of Data Manage- • A coordinator of a Sub-group on Regional ment, including Codes; Aspects of Data Management, including Codes; (5) To invite Members to nominate experts to serve on • Other experts as nominated by Members; the group and the sub-groups; (the terms of reference of the sub-groups are indic- (6) To request the chairman of the working group to ated in the annex to this resolution); submit progress reports at yearly intervals to the (3) To designate, in accordance with Regulation 32 of president of the Association and a final report not the WMO General Regulations, M. Kurz (Germany) later than six months before the twelfth session of as chairman of the working group; the Association.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 1 (XI-RA VI) . WORKING GROUP ON THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION VI

The tenris of reference of the sub-groups established (viii) To liaise with the steering group on the devel­ under Resolution 1 (XI-RA VI) are as follows: opment of the Regional Meteorological Data (a) Sub-group on Regional Aspects of the Global Communication Network established by Telecommunication System Resolution 5 (XI-RA VI) with a view to ensuring (i) To keep abreast of developments in new a smooth transition to the new networki telecommunication technology and equip­ (ix) To advise and report to the chairman of the ment and to study their possible adaptation working group on regional meteorological to the reqUirements for an efficient regional telecommunications mattersi meteorological telecommunication system (x) To deSignate an expert to represent the in Region VI; Region at sessions of the CBS Working (ii) To study problems and develop improved Group on Telecommunications; and cost-effective arrangements relating to (b) Sub-group on Regional Aspects of the Global the exchange of observational data and Observing System processed information, both in pictorial and (i) To study and report on the capability and digital form, within Region VI and outside iti utilization of an integrated system of differ­ (iii) To keep under review the regional meteoro­ ent observing networks (including satellites) logical telecommunication plani to meet regional reqUirements for weather (iv) To formulate recommendations on regional analysis, forecasts and warningsi activities relating to the WWW telecom­ (ii) To review and make proposals regarding the munication system in Region VIi design of the Regional Basic Synoptic Net­ (v) To formulate recommendations for the work in the light of requirements stipulated coordination of the implementation of in the WMO Long-term Plan; telecommunication facilities and techniques, (iii) To continue to assess the existence of gaps if requiredi in the RBSN, in close cooperation with (vi) To monitor and report on the operation of Members concerned, to prepare a revised list meteorological telecommunications in of stations for inclusion in the RBSN, and to Region VI and to formulate appropriate identify automatic stations on fixed posi­ recommendationsi tions at sea to be included in the RBSNi (vii) To identify the training needs of Members in (iv) To keep abreast of developments in observ­ the Region for the successful implementa­ ing systems, e.g. surface-based and space­ tion, operation and maintenance of the GTS based remote sensors and profilers, ASDAR, in Region VIi ASAP and data buoysi RESOLUTION 1 43

(v) To support the development and implemen­ (viii) To advise and report to the chairman of the tation of procedures for collection and dis­ working group on all matters concerning the semination of automatic reports from air­ data-processing activities in the Region; craft; including reports during the ascent (ix) To deSignate an expert to represent the and descent phases of flight, in coordination Region at sessions of the CBS Working with the Operating Consortium of ASDAR Group on Data Processing; Participants and CAeM; (d) Sub-group on Regional Aspects of WWW Data (vi) To report on the regional use of data from, Management, including Codes and operational experience of, new observ­ (i) To keep under review and advise Members of ing systems, such as automatic weather RA VI on procedures and standards for data stations, radar networks, wind and temperat­ and information presentation, including ex­ ure profilers and thunderstorm detection change formats and codes as well as regional techniques, and to formulate recommenda­ codes, and advise on procedures and stand­ tions based on these assessments; ards for, and conversion between, formats (vii) To advise and report to the chairman of the and codes; working group on problem areas in the (ii) To keep under review data and product regional observing systems and on new storage and selection and presentation to developments in· observing techniques, recipients (NMCs); including information on instruments and (iii) To consider further the concept of Distributed sensors in the operational systems; Databases in RA VI and encourage and monitor .(viii) To designate an expert to represent the trials on exchange of metadata between DDBs; Region at sessions of the CBS Working (iv) To collect information on procedures for and Group on Observations; make recommendations on quality control (c) Sub-group on Regional Aspects of the Global of data and products; Data-processing System (v) To review the WWW data and product (i) To keep abreast of developments in data­ recovery procedures in case of major outages processing equipment and techniques which of key facilities; could be benefiCially introduced at national (vi) To keep under review -both real-time and - I and regional centres to improve their opera­ non-real-time monitoring of integrated tional capa.bility both within the WWW sys­ WWW systems in the Region; tem and in related areas; (vii) To provide information on the operation of (ii) To review needs for maintaining/establish­ the integrated WWW Programme in the ing RSMCs and their capabilities; . Region, taking into account the reqUire­ (iii) To review the requirements for processed ments of Members; products in the Region; (viii) To study and propose principles, models and (iv) To study the requirements for providing methods for design and control of RA VI data, including boundary conditions needed databases and data flows in liaison, when for running limited area models (LAM) at appropriate, with the RA VI Working Group NMCs, and possibilities for coordinating the on Climate-related Matters; related data flow; (ix) To identify the training requirements of (v) To review and advise Members of RA VI on Members in the Region for the successful the quality of data used in meteorological implementation of the WWW data manage­ data processing; ment functions in Region VI; (vi) To formulate recommendations for coordi­ (x) To advise and report to the chairman of the nated implementation of data-processing working group· on all matters concerning facilities and techniques; data management in the Region; (vii) To identify the training requirements of (xi) To deSignate an expert to represent the . Members in the Region for the implementa­ Region at sessions of the CBS Working tion, operation and maintenance of the Group on Data Management and its Sub­ data-processing system in Region VI; group on Data Representation.

*

* * 44 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

RESOLUTION 2 (XI-RA VI) REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), the network· of stations and observational pro­ NOTING: grammes set forth in the annex to this resolution; (1) Resolution 2 (X-RA VI) - Regional Basic Synoptic (2) To comply fully with the standard times of obser­ Network, vation, the global and regional coding procedures (2) The World Weather Watch Programme for the and data-collection standards, as laid down in the period 1992-2001, WMO Technical Regulations and the Manuals on the (3) The Manualon the Global Observing System, Volume I, Global Observing System, on Codes and on the Global Part HI, Regulations 2.1.4, 2.1.5 and 2.1.6 and the TelecommuniCation System; definition of the Regional Basic Synoptic Network, AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, CONSIDERING that the establishment and maintenance of at the request of the Members concerned and in con­ a regional basic synoptic network of surface and upper­ sultation with the Secretary-General of WMO, amend­ air synoptic stations, adequate to meet the requirements ments to the list of stations in accordance with the pro­ of Members and of the World Weather Watch, consti­ cedures laid down in the Manual on the Global Observing tute one of the most important obligations of Members System, Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region VI (Europe); under Article 2 of the WMO Convention, REQUESTS the president of the Association to ensure DECIDES that the stations and the observational pro­ compliance with the minimum criteria for station grammes listed in the annex to this resolution consti­ spacing specified in paragraph 4.2.2 of the general sum­ tute the Regional Basic Synoptic Network of Region VI; mary of this report; URGES Members: REQUESTS the Secretary-General to circulate the list in the (1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to secure, at annex to this resolution to all Members of RA VI for the earliest date pOSSible, full implementation of correction and approval before finalization of the report.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 2 (XI-RA VI) REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

Observations Status Observations Status '1:1 ....~ .. '1:1 I: 4! IS 4! a I: .5 I: I: .5 E 1i 'It .., IS 1i .., IS .~ !:I. 1 ~ Station Station name ~ ~ '1:1 ~ Station Station name 'E- :; :; ~ t ::t It ':I ~ ::t ':I ':I No. ..., 1:<. I:< I:< ~ No. ..., I:< I:< ~ ~

STATIONS COMPRISING THE 01078 SLETNES FYR S CN OK BASIC SYNOPTIC NE1WORK 01098 VARDO S CN OK IN REGION VI 01102 SKLINNAFYR S CNOK 01001 JAN MAYEN S CN OK 0110'6 ROST II S CNOK 01001 JANMAYEN WR CN OK 01152 BODO VI S CN OK 01008 SVALBARD LUFTHA VN S CNOK 01152 BODO VI WR eN OK 01010 ANDOYA S CN OK 0120S SVINOY FYR S CNOK 01025 TROMSO LANGNES S CN OK 01228 SULA S CN IS 01028 BJORNOYA S CN OK 01241 ORLAND III S CN OK 01028 BJORNOYA WR CN OK 01241 ORLAND WR CN OK 01049 ALTA LUFTHAVN S UP OK 01271 TRONDHEIM I VAERNES S CN OK 01055 FRUHOLMEN FYR S CNOK 01311 BERGEN I FLFSLAND S CN OK 01062 HOPEN S CN OK 01367 FAGERNES S UP OK

Legend: OK Complete observing programme The last column contains remarks regarding the operational status of IS Incomplete surface observing programme now the station concerned: IR Incomplete radiosonde observing programme now CN Member of current network IW Incomplete upper wind observing programme now UP Upgrading of existing station to network member NO No observations monitored now PR Proposed new station NS New station RESOLUTION 2· 45

ObseJlIations Status Observations Status

'1:1 .; ~ ~ ;: ~ '1:1 .; .a ;: ~ III ~ III III ~ '" ~ ~ Station Station name i;; ;; ~ t Station Station name i ~ ~ <::I <::I ~ ;; ;; ~ t No. ~ i:l:; i:l:; No. :::t <::I <::I ~ ~ "l i:l:; i:l:; ~ ~ 01384 OSLO I GARDERMOEN S CNOK 02935 ]yvASKYLA S CNOK 01384 OSLO I GARDERMOEN WR CN OK 02935 JYVASKYLA WR CN IW ·01389 HAUGEDALSHOGDA S UP IS 02944 TAMPERE I PIRKKALA S CNOK 01400 EKOFISK WR UP OK 02952 PORI S CNOK 01403 UTSIRA FYR S CN OK 02958 LAPPEENRANTA S CNOK 01415 STAVANGER I SOLA S CNOK 02963 JOKIOINEN S CNOK 01415 STAVANGER I SOLA WR CN OK 02963 ]OKIOINBN WR CNIW 01448 OKSOYFYR S CNOK 02970 MMRIANHAMINA S CNOK 01477 KONGSBERG IV S CN OK 02974 HELSINKI-VANTM S CNOK 01482 FERDERFYR S CNOK 02976 RANKKI S CNOK 02020 KATTERJAKK S CN OK 02982 RUSSARO S CNOK 02060 NAIMAKKA S CN OK 03005 LERWICK S CNOK 02096 PAJALA S CNOK 03005 LERWICK WR CNOK 02104 HEMAVAN S CNOK 03011 NORTH RONA S UP OK 02120 KVIKKJOKK S CNOK 03017 KIRKWALL AIRPORT S CNOK 02128 GUNNARN S CNOK 03022 BENBECULA S CNOK 02142 JOKKMOKK S CNOK 03026 STORNOWAY S CNOK 02185 LULEA I KALLAX WR CNOK 03026 STORNOWAY WR CNOK 02186 LULEA I KALLAX S CNOK 03063 AVIEMORE S CNOK 02222 GADDEDE S CNOK 03091 ABERDEEN I DYCE S CNOK 02226 OSTERSUND FROSON S CNOK 03100 TIREE S CNOK 02252 IDVATTNET S CNOK 03140 GLASGOW AIRPORT S UP OK 02288 HOLMOGADD S CNOK 03162 ESKDALEMUIR S CNOK 02296 B]UROKLUBB S CNOK 03171 LEUCHARS S CNOK 02324 SVEG S CN OK 03204 ISLE OF MAN I RONA.LDSWAY AIRPT.S eN OK 02365 SUNDSVALL-HARNOSA1'~D FLYGPL. WR eN OK 03240 BOULMER S CNOK Q2366 SUNDSVALL-HARNOSAND FLYGPL. S . CNOK 03240 BOULMER WR UP OK 02376 SODERHAMN S CNOK 03257 LEEMING S CN OK 02410 MALUNG S CN OK 03302 VALLEY S CN OK 02418 KARLSTAD FLYGPLATS S CN OK 03322 AUGHTON S UP OK 02446 VASTERAS I HASSLO S CNOK 03322 AUGHTON WR CN OK 02464 STOCKHOLM I BROMMA S CNOK 03360 FINNINGLEY S CN OK 02465 STOCKHOLM I BROMMA WR CNOK 03462 WITIERING S UP OK 02526 GOTEBORG I LANDVETIER S CN OK 03496 HEMSBY S CN OK 02527 GOTEBORG I LANDVETIER WR CNOK 03496 HEMSBY WR CN 01< 02556 HAGSHULT .s CN OK 03502 ABERPORTH S CNOK 02584 GOTSKA SANDON S CNOK 03534 BIRMINGHAM I AIRPORT S CN OK 02590 VISBY FLYGPLATS S CNOK 03715 CARDIFF-WALES AIRPORT S CN OK 02591 VISBY AEROLOGISKA STATION WR CN OK 03772 LONDON I HEATHROW AIRPORT S CN OK 02672 KALMAR S CNOK 03797 MANSTON S CNOK 02680 HOBURG S CNOK 03803 SCILLY, ST. MARYS S UP OK 02805 KEVO S CNOK 03808 CAMBORNE WR CNOK 02807 IVALO S CNOK 03817 ST.MAWGAN S CNOK 02823 MUONIO S CNOK 03840 DUNKESWELL AERODROME S CN OK 02836 SODANKYLA S CNOK 03862 BOURNEMOUTH AIRPORT S CN OK 02836 SODANKYLA WR CN IW 03882 HERSTMONCEUX S CNOK 02848 SALLA S CNOK 03882 HERSTMONCEUX. WR UP OK 02864 KEMI S CNOK 03917 BELFAST I ALDERGROVE AIRPORT S CN OK 02867 PUDASJARVI S UP OK 03920 LONG KESH I HILLSBOROUGH WR CN OK 02897 KAJAANI S CNOK 03953 VALENTIA OBSERVATORY S CN OK· 02905 NIVALA S CNOK 03953 VALENTIA OBSERVATORY WR CNIW 02911 VAASA S CNOK 03955 CORK AIRPORT S CNOK 02917 KUOPIO S CNOK 03957 ROSSLARE S CNOK 02919 lLOMANTSI S CNOK 03962 SHANNON AIRPORT S CNOK 46 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

Observations Status Observations Status 1 ~ ~ E .- Q ~ IS Station Station name i ~ ~ ~ ~ Station Station name No. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ No. ill II 03969 DUBLIN AIRPORT S CN OK 06260 DE BILT W R CNOK 03970 CLAREMORRIS S CN OK 06270 LEEUWARDEN S UP OK 03976 BELMULLET S CN OK 06290 TWENTHE S UP OK "03980 MALIN HEAD S CN OK 06407 OOSTENDE (AIRPORT) S CN OK 04004 GUFUSKALAR S CN OK 06447 UCCLE S CN OK 04005 BOLUNGARVIK S CN OK 06447 UCCLE W R CN OK 04018 KEFLAVIKURFLUGVOLLUR S CN OK 06476 ST-HUBERT} CNOK 04018 KEFLAVIKURFLUGVOLLUR W R CN OK 06590 LUXEMBOURG S CN OK 04023 HORNBJARGSVITI S UP OK 06610 PAYERNE S CN OK 04048 VESTMANNAEYJAR S CN OK 06610 PAYERNE W R CN OK 04056 HVERA VELLIR S UP OK 06670 ZURICH-KLOTEN S CN OK 04063 AKUREYRI S CN OK 06762 LOCARNO-MAGADINO S CN OK 04064 KIRKJUBAEJARKLAUSTUR S UP OK 07005 ABBEVILLE S CN OK 04077 RAUFARHOFN S CN OK 07015 LILLE o"S CN OK 04082 AKURNES S CN OK 07020 LA HAGUE S UP NO 04097 DALATANGI S CN OK 07027 CAEN S CN OK 04202 THULE A.B. S CN NO 07070 REIMS S CN OK 04202 THULE A.B. W R CN NO 07100 OUESSANT S CN OK 04203 CAREY ISLAND S UP OK 07110 BREST S CN OK 04208 EDDERFUGLE OER S UP OK 07110 BREST W R CN OK 04209 UPERNAVIK AWS S CN OK 07121 BREHAT S CN OK 04214 NUGSSUAQ S CN OK 07130 RENNES S CN OK 04220 EGEDESMINDE S CN OK 07145 TRAPPES W R CN OK 04220 EGEDESMINDE W R CN OK 07149 PARIS-ORLY S CN OK 04230 HOLSTEINSBORG S CN OK 07180 NANCY I ESSEY S CN OK 04231 SONDRE STROMFJORD S CN OK 07180 NANCY I ESSEY W R CN OK 04250 GODTHAB NUUK S CN OK 07190 STRASBOURG S CN OK 04260 FREDERIKSHAB S CN OK 07207 LE TALUT S CN OK 04270 NARSARSUAQ S CN OK 07222 NANTES S CN OK 04270 NARSARSUAQ W R CN OK 07240 TOURS S CN OK 04301 KAP MORRIS JESSUP S UP OK 07255 BOURGES S CN OK 04313 KROYERS HOLM S UP OK 07265 AUXERRE S CN OK 04320 DANMARKSHA VN S CN OK 07280 DIJON S CN OK 04320 DANMARKSHA VN W R CN OK 07299 BALE-MULHOUSE S CN OK 04330 DANEBORG S CN OK 07314 CHASSIRON S CN IS 04339 SCORESBYSUND S CN OK 07434 LIMOGES S CN OK 04339 SCORESBYSUND W R CN OK 07460 CLERMONT-FERRAND S CN OK 04351 APUTITEQ ADS S CN OK 07481 LYON-SATOLAS S CN OK 04360 ANGMAGSSALIK S CN OK 07481 LYON-SATOLAS W R CN OK 04360 ANGMAGSSALIK W R CN OK 07510 BORDEAUX I MERIGNAC S CN OK 04373 IKERMIT S UP OK 07510 BORDEAUX I MERIGNAC W R CN OK 04382 IKERMIUARSSUK ADS S UP OK 07535 GOURDON S CN OK 04390 PRINS CHRISTIANS SUND S CN OK 07558 MILLAU S CN OK 06011 THORSHAVN S CN OK 07577 MONTELIMAR S CN OK 06011 THORSHAVN W R CN OK 07591 EMBRUN S CN OK 06030 ALBORG S CN OK "07621 TARBES I OSSUN S UP OK 06060 KARUP S CN OK 07627 ST-GIRONS S CN OK 06070 AARHUS TIRSTRUP S CN OK 07630 TOULOUSE-BLAGNAC S CN OK 06110 SKRYDSTRUP S CN OK" 07643 MONTPELLIER S CN OK 06180 KOBENHAVN I KASTRUP S CN OK 07645 NIMES I COURBESSAC W R CN OK 06181 KOBENHAVN I JAEGERSBORG W R CN OK 07650 MARSEILLE I MARIGNANE S CN OK 06193 HAMMERODDE S CN OK 07661 CAP CEPET S UP OK 06239 PLATFORM F3 S UP NO 07690 NICE S CN OK 06260 DE BILT S CNOK 07747 PERPIGNAN S CN OK RESOLUTION 2 47

Observations Status Observations Status "=I .. ~ ~ Ii: "=I ~ ~ .5 I:: ,s I:: I:: E .. E ,s Ii: ':I 'at 6 ~ '" i!! Q Station Station name 'G 'G ~ Station Station name ~ '" ~;:s ':I ':I ~ ~ :e :e ~ ~ No. ~ No. ':I ':I ~ ~ ~ I:C; ~ ~ I:C; I:C; ~ £ 07761 AJACCIO S CNOK 08545 PORTO I PEDRAS RUBRAS S CN OK 07761 AJACCIO WR CN OK 08549 COIMBRA S CN OK 07790 BASTIA S CN OK 08554 FARO I AERO PORTO S CN OK 08001 LACORUNA S CN OK 08562 BEJA S CN OK 08001 LACORUNA WR CN OK 08568 PENHAS DOURADAS S UP NO 08015 OVIEDO S CNOK 08575 BRAGANCA S CN OK 08023 SANTANDER S CN OK 08579 LISBOA I GAGO COUTINHO S CN OK 08023 SANTANDER WR UP OK 08579 LISBOA I GAGO COUTINHO WR CN OK 08027 SAN SEBASTIAN I IGUELDO S CN OK 10004 UFS TW EMS S CN OK 08045 VIGO I PEINADOR S CN OK 10015 HELGOLAND S CN OK 08055 LEON VIRGEN DEL CAMINO I S CN IS 10020 LIST I SYLT S CN OK 08084 LOGRONO AGONCILLO I S CN OK 10035 SCHLESWIG S CN OK 08094 HUESCA MONFLORITE I S UP IS 10035 SCHLESWIG WR CN OK 08141 VALLADOLID S CN OK 10063 PUTTGARDEN S CN OK 08148 SORIA S UP IS 10147 HAMBURG-FUHLSBUETTEL S CN OK 08160 ZARAGOZA I AERO PUERTO S CNOK 10162 SCHWERIN S CN OK 08160 ZARAGOZA AERO PUERTO I WR UP OK 10184 GREIFSWALD S CN OK 08181 BARCELONA I AERO PUERTO S CN OK 10184 GREIFSWALD WR CN OK 08184 GERONA COSTA BRAVA I S CN OK 10224 BREMEN S CN OK 08202 SALAMANCA MATACAN I S CN OK 10270 NEURUPPIN S UP OK 08221 MADRID BARAJAS I S CN OK 10338 HANNOVER S CN OK 08221 MADRID BARAJAS I WR CN OK 10338 HANNOVER WR CN OK 08235 TERUEL S UP IS 10361 MAGDEBURG S CN OK 08238 TORTOSA S CN IS 10393 LINDENBERG S CN OK 08261 CACERES S CN OK 10393 LINDENBERG '.At R CN OK 08272 TOLEDO S UP IS 10400 DUESSELDORF S CN OK 08280 ALBACETE/LOSLLANOS S CN OK 10410 ESSEN WR CN OK 08284 VALENCIA I AEROPUERTO S CN OK 10438 KASSEL S CN OK 08301 PALMA DE MALLORCA WR CN OK 10469 LEIPZIG-SCHKEUDITZ S CN OK 08306 PALMA DE MALLORCA I S CN OK 10488 DRESDEN-KLOTZSCHE S CN OK S. SANJUAN 10510 NUERBURG S CN OK 08314 MENORCA I MAHON S CN OK 10548 MEININGEN S CN OK 08330 BADAJOZ TALAVERA LA REAL I S UP IS 10548 MEININGEN WR CN OK 08348 CIUDADREAL S CN OK 10637 FRANKFURT I M-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08360 ALICANTE EL ALTET S CN OK 10685 HOF S CN OK 08373 IBlZA I ES CODOLA S CN OK 10738 STUTTGART-ECHTERDINGEN S CN OK 08391 SEVILLA I SAN PABLO S CN OK 10739 STUTTGART I SCHNARRENBERG WR CN OK 08410 CORDOBA I AERO PUERTO S CN IS 10763 NUERNBERG S CN OK 08417 JAEN S UP IS 10788 STRAUBING S UP OK 08419 GRANADA I AEROPUERTO S CN OK 10852 AUGSBURG S CN OK 08430 MURCIA S UP OK 10868 MUENCHEN-OBERSCHLEISSHEIM WR CN OK 08430 MURCIA WR CN OK 11010 LINZ HOERSCHING-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08451 JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA AP S CN IS 11035 WIEN I HOHE W ARTE WR CN OK 08482 MALAGA I AERO PUERTO S CN OK 11036 WIEN I SCHWECHAT-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08487 ALMERIA I AERO PUERTO S CN OK 11120 INNSBRUCK-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08495 GIBRALTAR S CN OK 11150 SALZBURG-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08495 GIBRALTAR WR CN OK 11240 GRAZ-THALERHOF-FLUGHAFEN S CN OK 08501 FLORES (ACORES) S CNNO 11487 KOCELOVICE S UP OK 08505 HORTA I CASTELO BRANCO S CN OK 11518 PRAHA I RUZYNE S CN OK (ACORES) 11520 PRAHA-LIBUS WR CN OK 08508 LAJES I SANTA RITA (ACORES) WR CN OK 11659 PRIBYSLAV S CN OK 08509 LAJES (ACORES) S CN OK 11782 OSTRA VA I MOSNOV S CN OK 08515 SANTA MARIA (ACORES) S CN OK 11826 PIESTANY S UP OK 08538 SAGRES S CN OK 11903 SLIAC S CN OK 48 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENfH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

Station Station name Station Station name No. No.

11934 POPRAD' TATRY S CN OK 15108 CEAHLAU TOACA S CN OK 11952 POPRAD' GANOVCE W R CN OK 15120 CLUJ-NAPOCA S CN OK 12105 KOSZALIN S UP OK 15120 CLUJ-NAPOCA W R CN IR 12120 LEBA S CN OK 15150 BACAU S CN OK 12120 LEBA W R CN OK 15200 ARAD S CN OK 12135 HEL S CN OK 15280 VF. OMU S CN OK 12195 SUWALKI S CN OK 15292 CARANSEBES S CN OK 12205 SZCZECIN S CN OK 15310 GALATI S CN OK 12250 TORUN S CN OK 15346 RIMNICU VILCEA S CN OK 12270 MLAWA S CN OK 15350 BUZAU S CN OK 12295 BIALYSTOK S CN OK 15360 SULINA S CN OK 12374 WARSZAWA, LEGIONOWO W R CN OK 15410 DROBETA TR. SEVERIN S CNOK 12375 WARSZAWA-OKECIE S CN OK 15420 BUCURESTI, IMH S CN OK 12424 WROCLAW II S CN OK 15420 BUCURESTI, IMH W R CNIR 12425 WROCLAW I W R CN NO 15480 CONSTANfA S CN OK 12465 LODZ S CN OK 15480 CONSTANfA W R CNIR 12495 LUBLIN RADA WIEC S CN OK 15490 TURNU MAGURELE S UP OK 12570 KIELCE S CN OK 15507 MONfANA S PR NS 12580 RZESZOW-JASIONKA S UP OK 15525 LOVETCH S UP OK 12772 MISKOLC S CN OK 15549 RAZGRAD S UP OK 12822 GYOR S CN OK 15552 VARNA S CN OK 12843 BUDAPEST' LORINC S CN OK 15614 SOFIA (OBSERV.) S CN OK 12843 BUDAPEST, LORINC W R CN OK 15614 SOFIA (OBSERV.) W R CN OK 12882 DEBRECEN S CN OK 15635 CHIRPAN S UP OK 12925 NAGYKANIZSA S CN OK 15655 BURGAS S CN OK 12942 PECS S CN OK 15712 SANDANSKI S CN OK 12982 SZEGED S CN OK 15730 KURDJALI S CN OK 12982 SZEGED W UP OK 16020 BOLZANO S CN OK 13014 LJUBLJANA' BRNIK S CN OK 16044 UDINE' CAMPOFORMIDO W R CN OK 13130 ZAGREB' MAKSIMIR S UP OK 16045 UDINE' RIVOLTO S CN OK 13130 ZAGREB' MAKSIMIR W R CN OK 16059 TORINO' CASELLE S CN OK 13160 SOMBOR S UP OK 16080 MILANO' LINATE S CN OK 13209 PULA S CNNO 16080 MILANO', LINATE W R CN OK 13224 ZADAR' ZEMUNIK S CN IS 16120 GENOVA' SESTRI S CN OK 13228 BlHAC S CN OK 16140 BOLOGNA' BORGO PANIGALE S UP IS 13242 BANJA LUKA S CN OK 16144 S. PIETRO CAPOFIUME M. W R UP OK 13257 TUZLA S UP IS (BOLOGNA) 13272 BEOGRAD' SURCIN S CN OK 16158 PISA' S. GIUSTO S CN OK 13275 BEOGRAD' KOSUTNJAK W R CN OK 16181 PERUGIA S CN OK 13334 SPLIT' MARJAN S UP OK 16191 FALCONARA S CN OK 13348 MOSTAR S UP IS 16206 GROSSETO S CN OK 13352 BJELASNICA S UP OK 16230 PESCARA S CN OK 13353 SARAJEVO BUTMIR S CN NO 16242 ROMA, FIUMICINO S CN OK 13376 KRALJEVO S UP OK 16245 PRATICA DI MARE W R CN OK 13388 NIS S CN OK 16261 AMENDOLA S CN OK 13432 PALAGRUZA S UP IS 16270 BARI' PALESE MACCHIE S CN OK 13452 DUBROVNIK-CILIPI S CN NO 16280 PONZA S CN OK 13462 PODGORICA' GOLUBOVCI S CN OK 16289 NAPOLI' CAPODICHINO S CN OK 13586 SKOPJE-PETROVAC S CN OK 16310 CAPO PALINURO S CN IS 13615 TIRANA S CNNO 16320 BRINDISI S CN OK 13615 TIRANA W R CN NO 16320 BRINDISI W R CN OK 15004 SIGHETU MARMATIEI S CN OK 16350 CROTONE S CN OK 15020 BOTOSANI S CN OK 16360 S. MARIA DI LEUCA S CN OK 15080 ORADEA S CN OK 16400 USTICA S CN OK RESOLUTION 2 49

Observations Status Observations Status "'3 ~ ;: ;:: ~ '"IS "'3 ~ ~ .s IS ;:: ;:: '"IS ~ .~ .., .~ .s IS Station Station name ~ '" ~ ~ ~ :e :e ~. ~ Station Station name '" No. ~ ~ ~ :e :e ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ No. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ £ 16420 MESSINA S CN OK 17092 ERZINCAN S CNOK 16429 TRAPANI/ BIRG! S CN OK 17096 ERZURUM S CNOK ·16429 TRAPANI / BIRGI WR CN OK 17110 GOKCEADA S CN OK 16453 GELA S CN OK 17112 CANAKKALE S CN OK 16470 PANTELLERIA S CN OK 17115 BANDIRMA S CN OK 16480 COZZO SPADARO S CN OK 17116 BURSA S CN OK 16490 LAMPEDUSA S CNNO 17124 ESKISEHIR S CN OK 16506 GUARDIAVECCHIA S CN OK 17128 ESENBOGA S CN OK 16520 ALGHERO S CN OK 17129 ANKARA / ETIMESGUT S CN OK 16550 CAPO BELLAVISTA S CNOK 17130 ANKARA / CENTRAL WR CN OK 16560 CAGLIARI / ELMAS S CN OK 17150 BALIKESIR S CNOK 16560 CAGLIARI / ELMAS WR CN OK 17170 VAN S CN OK 16597 LUQA S CN OK 17180 DIKILI S CN OK 16597 LUQA WR CN IS 17184 AKHISAR S CNOK 16614 KASTORIA (AIRPORT) S CN OK 17188 USAK S CNOK 16622 THESSALONIKI AP S CN OK 17190 AFYON S CN OK 16622 THESSALONIKI AP WR CN IR 17195 KA YSERI / ERKILET S CNOK 16624 CHRYSOUPOLI AP S UP NO 17200 MALATYA / ERHAC S CN OK 16627 ALEXANDROUPOLIAP S CN OK 17202 ELAZIG S CN OK 16641 KERKYRAAP S CN OK 17219 IZMIR I ADNAN MENDERES S UP OK 16643 AKTION AP S CN OK 17220 IZMIR / GUZELYALI WR CN OK 16650 LIMNOSAP S CN OK 17234 AYDIN S CN OK 16667 MYTILINI AP S CN OK 17240 ISPARTA S CN OK 16675 LAMIA S CNOK 17240 ISPARTA WR CNOK 16682 ANDRAVIDA AP S CN OK 17244 KONYA S CNOK 16684 SKYROSAP S CNOK 17260 GAZIANTEP S CNOK 16706 CHIOSAP . UP NO S 17280 DIYARBAKIR S CNOK 16716 ATHINAI AP S CN OK 17280 DIYARBAKIR WR CNOK 16716 ATHINAIAP WR CN OK 17290 BODRUM S CNOK 16732 NAXOS S CN OK 17292 MUGLA S CN OK 16734 METHONI S CN OK 17300 ANTALYA S CN OK 16738 MILOS S CN OK 17330 SILIFKE S CN OK 16742 KOSAP S UP NO 17350 ADANA / INCIRLIK S CN OK 16743 KYTHIRA S CN OK 17352 ADANA WR UP OK 16746 SOUDAAP S CNOK 17370 ISKENDERUN S CN OK 16749 RHODESAP S CN OK 17600 PAPHOS AIRPORT S CN OK 16754 HERAKLION AP S CN OK 17601 AKROTIRI S CN OK 16754 HERAKLION AP WR CN IR 17607 ATHALASSA WR CN IS 16765 KARPATHOS AP S UP NO 17609 LARNACA AIRPORT S CN OK 17022 ZONGULDAK S CN OK 20107 BARENCBURG WR CN OK 17024 INEBOLU S CN OK 22028 TERIBERKA S CN OK 17026 SINOP S CN OK 22106 PADUN S CN OK 17030 SAMSUN S CNOK 22113 MURMANSK S CN OK 17030 SAMSUN WR CN OK 22113 MURMANSK WR CNOK 17038 TRABZON S CNOK 22127 LOVOZERO S CN OK 17050 EDIRNE S CNOK 22165 KANINNOS S CN OK 17056 TEKIRDAG S CN OK 22217 KANDALAKSA S CNOK 17060 ISTANBUI:./ ATATURK S CN OK 22217 KANDALAKSA WR UP OK 17062 ISTANBUL / GOZTEPE WR eN OK 22235 KRASNOSCEL'E S CN OK 17067 GOLCUK S CN OK 22269 MYSKONUSIN S CN OK· 17070 BOLU S CN OK 22271 SO]NA S CN OK 17082 MERZIFON S CN OK 22271 SOJNA WR CNOK 17084 CORUM S CN OK 22292 INDIGA S CN OK 17090 SIVAS S CN OK 22349 P]ALICA S CN OK 50 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

Station Station name Station Station name No. No.

22408 KALEV ALA S CN OK 26422 RIGA S CN OK 22422 GRIDINO S CNOK 26422 RIGA W R CN OK 22438 ZIZGIN S CN OK 26477 VELIKIE LUKI S CN OK -22471 MEZEN' S CN OK 26477 VELIKIE LUKI W R UP OK 22522 KEM'-PORT S CN OK 26509 KLAJPEDA S CN OK 22522 KEM'-PORT W R CN OK 26524 SIAULIAl S CN OK 22550 ARHANGEL'SK S CN OK 26544 pAUGAVPILS S CN OK 22550 ARHANGEL'SK W R CN OK 26554 VERHNEDVINSK S UP OK 22563 PINEGA S CN OK 26585 BELYJ S CN OK 22573 LESUKONSKOE S UP OK 26629 KAUNAS S CN OK 22583 KOJNAS S CNOK 26629 KAUNAS W R CN OK 22602 REBOLY S CN OK 26666 VITEBSK S CN OK 22621 SEGEZA S CN OK 26695 VJAZ'MA S CN OK 22641 ONEGA S CN OK 26702 KALINlNGRAD S CN OK 22648 TURCASOVO S UP NO 26702 KALINlNGRAD W R CN OK 22676 SURA S CN OK 26730 VIL'NlUS S CN OK 22695 KOSLAN S CN OK 26781 SMOLENSK S CN OK 22723 DANlLOVO S UP NO 26781 SMOLENSK W R CN OK 22762 DVINSKlJ BEREZNIK S UP OK 26850 MINSK S CN OK 22768 SENKURSK S CN OK 26850 MINSK W R CN OK 22778 VERHNJAJA TOJMA S CN OK 26863 MOGILEV S CN OK 22798 JARENSK S CN OK 26882 ROSLAVL' S CN OK 22802 SORTOVALA S CN OK 26941 BARANOVICI S UP OK 22820 PETROZAVODSK S CN OK 26951 SLUCK S CN OK 22820 PETROZAVODSK W R UP OK 26997 TRUBCEVSK S CNOK 22831 PUDOZ S CN OK 27008 BABAEVO S CN OK 22837 VYTEGRA S CN OK 27037 VOLOGDA S CN OK 22845 KARGOPOL' S CN OK 27037 VOLOGDA W R CN OK 22845 KARGOPOL' W R UP OK 27051 TOT'MA S CN OK 22867 VEL'SK S CN OK 27066 NIKOL'SK S CN OK 22887 KOTLAS S CN OK 27083 OPARINO S CN OK 22915 SVIRICA S CN OK 27113 CEREPOVEC S CN OK 22939 BELOZERSK S CN OK 27196 KIROV S CN OK 22954 VOZEGA S CN OK 27199 KIROV W R CN OK 22996 OB'JACEVO S CN OK 27217 BEZECK S CN OK 26038 TALLINN S CN OK 27242 - BUJ S CN OK 26038 TALLINN W R CN OK 27252 NIKOLO-POLOMA S CN OK 26059 KINGISEPP S CN OK 27271 SAR']A S CN OK 26063 ST. PETERSBURG (WOEYOKOWO) S CN OK 27329 ROSTOV S CN OK 26063 ST. PETERSBURG (WOEYOKOWO) W R CN OK 27355 ]UR'EVEC S CN OK 26078 LJUBAN' S UP OK 27373 SAKUN']A S CN OK 26094 TIHVIN S CN OK 27393 NOLINSK S CN OK 26115 RISTNA S CN OK 27402 TVER S CN OK 26231 PARNU S CN OK 27459 NIZNlJ NOVGOROD W R CN OK 26242 TARTU S CN OK 27479 KOZ'MODEM']ANSK S CN OK 26258 PSKOV S CN OK 27491 NOVY] TOR']AL S UP NO 26258 PSKOV W R CN OK 27532 VLADIMIR S CN OK 26275 STARAJA RUSSA S CN OK 27553 NIZNlJ NOVGOROD SCN OK 26298 BOLOGOE S CN OK 27595 KAZAN' S CN OK 26298 BOLOGOE W R CN OK 27595 KAZAN' W R CN OK 26313 KOLKA S CN OK 27612 MOSKVA S CN OK 26348 GULBENE S CN OK 27612 MOSKVA W R CN OK 26389 OSTASKOV S CN OK 27648 ELAT'MA S CN OK 26406 LIEPAJA S CN OK 27665 LUKO]ANOV S CN OK RESOLUTION 2 51

Observations Status Observations Status

":! ~ .s ":! I: I: "IS ~ .s Q .a .S I: E ~ ., is .a., is Station Station name ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q~ Station Station name ?;:s III ? ~ ~ ~ ~ No. ~ No. ;:s III III "l I:I:i I:I:i ~ i:!: "l I:I:i I:I:i ~ ~ 27679 ALATYR' S CN OK 33815 KISINEV WR CN OK 27707 SUHINICI S CN OK 33837 ODESSA S CNOK . 27707 SUHINICI WR UP NO 33837 ODESSA WR CNOK 27719 TULA S CN OK 33889 IZMl\JIL S UP OK 27730 RjAZAN' WR UP OK 33902 HERSON S CN OK 27731 RJAZAN' S CN OK 33910 GENICESK S CN OK 27786 ULYANOVSK S CN OK 33924 CERNOMORSKOE S CNOK 27823 PAVELEC S CN OK 33946 SIMFEROPOL' S CNOK 27857 ZAMETCINO S UP OK 33946 SIMFEROPOL' WR CN OK 27906 OREL S CN OK 33983 KERC' S CN OK 27928 ELEC S CN OK 33990 jALTA S CN OK 27944 TAMBOV WR CN OK 34009 KURSK S CN OK 27947 TAMBOV S CN OK 34009 KURSK WR CNOK 27962 PENZA S CN OK 34047 ZERDEVKA S CN OK 27962 PENZA WR UP OK 34098 PUGACEV S UP NO 27983 SYZRAN' S CN OK 34122 VORONEZ WR CN OK 33008 BREST S CN OK 34123 VORONEZ S CN OK 33008 BREST WR CN OK 34152 BALASOV S CNOK 33019 PINSK S UP OK 34172 SARATOV S CNOK 33036 MOZYR' S CN OK 34172 SARATOV WR CN OK 33041 GOMEL' S CN OK 34186 ERSOV S CNOK 33041 GOMEL' WR CN OK 34247 KALAC S CNOK 33088 SARNY S CN OK 34247 KALAC WR UP OK 33135 CHERNIGIV S UP OK 34267 DANILOVKA S UP NO 33177 VLADIMIR-VOLYNSKIJ S CN OK 34300 HAR'KOV S CN OK 33246 NEZIN S CN OK 34300 HAR'KOV WR CN OK 33261 KONOTOP S UP OK 34321 VALUjKI S UP NO 33275 SUMY S CN OK 34336 BOGUCAR S CNOK 33301 RIVNE S UP OK 34357 SERAFIMOVIC S CNNO 33317 SEPETOVKA S CN OK 34363 KAMYSIN S CN OK 33317 SEPETOVKA WR UP OK 34373 PALLASOVKA S UP NO 33325 ZITOMIR S CN OK 34391 ALEKSANDROV-GAj S CNOK 33345 KIEV S CN OK 34398 FURMANOVO S UP NO 33345 KIEV WR CN OK 34415 IZjUM S CN OK 33377 LUBNY S CN OK 34476 EL'TON S UP NO 33393 L'VOV S CN OK 34504 DNEPROPETROVSK S CN OK 33393 L'VOV WR CNOK 34519 DONECK S CN OK 33415 TERNOPIL' S UP OK 34523 LUGANS'K S CNOK 33429 KHMEL'NITS'KYI S UP OK 34545 MOROZOVSK S CNOK 33466 IMENI STARCENKO S CN OK 34560 VOLGOGRAD S CNOK 33506 POLTAVA S UP OK 34560 VOLGOGRAD WR CN OK 33526 IVANO-FRANKOVSK S CN OK 34579 VERHNIj BASKUNCAK S CN OK 33562 VINNYTSYA S UP OK 34601 ZAPOROZ'E S CNOK 33587 UMAN' S CN OK 34655 KOTEL'NIKOVO S CN OK 33614 SVITLOVODS'K S PR NS 34691 NOVYj USTOGAN S CN OK 33631 UZGOROD S CN OK 34712 MARIUPOL' S UP OK 33658 CERNOVCY S CN OK 34731 ROSTOV-NA-DONU S CN OK 33658 CERNOVCY WR CN OK 34731 ROSTOV-NA-DONU WR CN OK 33663 MOGILEV-PODOL'SKIJ S eN OK 34747 CELINA S CN OK 33711 KIROVOGRAD S CN OK 34798 GANjUSKINO S UP NO, 33761 LjUBASHIVKA S UP OK 34824 PRIMORSKO-AHTARSK S CNOK 33791 KRIVOj ROG S CNOK 34838 TIHORECK S CN OK 33791 KRIVOjROG WR UP OK 34858 DIVNOE S CN OK 33815 KISINEV S CNOK 34858 DIVNOE WR CN OK 52 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

Observations Status Observations Status '1::! ~ .. '1::! ~ a .. a I: IS I: I: IS I: Q .a IS ·It .a IS ~ 'It Q ~ '" ~ Q ~ '" Station Station name ;;; ;;; ~ ~ Station Station name 'E- ;;; ;;; ~ ~ ~ <:I <:I <:I <:I No. J! i:I::; i:I::; ~ J; No. J! i:I::; i:I::; ~ J;

34866 JASKUL' S CN OK 40265 MAFRAQ WR CN OK 34880 ASTRAHAN' S CN OK 40270 AMMAN AIRPORT S CN OK 34880 ASTRAHAN' WR CN OK 40296 GHOR ELSAFI S CN OK '34929 KRASNODAR S CN OK 40310 MA'AN S CN OK 37018 TUAPSE S CNOK 37018 TUAPSE WR CN OK 37031 ARMAVIR S CNOK Observations Status 37054 MINERAL'NYE VODY S CN OK ., 37054 MINERAL'NYE VODY WR CN OK '1::! ~ a I: IS UP OK ..,Q ~ IS 37061 BUDENNOVSK S ~ Q Station Station ;;; ~ ~ 37085 KOCUBEJ S CN OK ~;:s J<:I <:I position name ":> i:I::; J; 37171 ADLER S CN OK ~ ~ 37228 VLADIKA VKAZ S CN OK MARINE STATIONS 37235 GROZNYJ S CN OK 61:14N 1:09E NCORM S PR OK 37260 SUHUMI S CN OK 56:24N 2:04E AUK-A S PR OK 37260 SUHUMI WR CN OK 48:43N 12:25W ODAS K1 S PR OK 37395 KUTAISI S CN IS 51:02N 13:20E ODAS K2 S PR OK 37472 MAHACKALA S CN OK 53:12N 15:04W ODAS K3 S PR OK 37484 BATUMI S CN OK 56:54N 13:00W ODAS K4 S PR OK 37484 BATUMI WR PR NO 59:33N 1:32E BERYL-A S PR OK 37549 TBILISI S CN OK 58:42N 1:17E BRAE-A S PR OK 37549 TBILISI WR CN IS 57:45N 0:55E BPFORTI S PR OK 37575 ZAKATALA S CN OK 54:35N 1:26E ESMOND S PR OK 37735 GYANJA S CNOK 53:13N 3:13E K-13 S PR OK 37789 EREVAN S CNNO 49:55N 2:53W CHANNEL S PR OK 37789 EREVAN WR CNNO 37907 FIZULY S CNNO PROPOSED NEW STATIONS (GAPS IN THE NETWORK) 37947 JULFA S UP OK . 61:45N 19:30E (BOTNIAN) S PR NS 37985 LANKARAN S CN OK 55:45N 18:30E (BALTIC) S PR NS 37985 LANKARAN WR CN IR 56:15N 0:00 (N SEA) S PR NS 40001 KAMISHLI S CN OK 58:30N 1:00W (N SEA) S PR NS 40007 ALEPPO S CN OK 57:45N 4:35E (N SEA) S PR NS 40007 ALEPPO WR CN OK 56:20N 6:30E (N SEA) S PR NS 40009 TELABIAD S CN OK 62:lON 10:20E (NORWAy) S PR NS 40016 HASSAKAH S CN OK 61:55N 7:45E (NORWAy) S PR NS 40022. LATTAKIA S CN OK 59:4sN 7:20E (NORWAy) S PR NS 40030 HAMA S CN OK 39:00N 32:00E (TURKEY) S PR NS 40039 RAQQA S CN OK 65:00N 16:00E (EG.02128) WR PR NS 40045 DEIR EZZOR S CN OK 47:00N 1:00W (EG.07222) WR PR NS 40061 PALMYRA S CN OK 41:00N 8:00W (EG.08545) WR PR NS 40072 ABU KAMAL S CN OK 43:15N 16:30E (EG.13334) WR PR NS 40080 DAMASCUS INT. AIRPORT S CN OK 38:30N 16:00E (EG.16420) WR PR NS 40080 DAMASCUS INT. AIRPORT WR CN OK 39:00N 37:00E (EG.I7160) WR PR NS 40087 JABAL ETTANF S CN OK 63:30N 45:30E (EG.22676) WR PR NS 40100 BEYROUTH (AERO PORT) S CN OK 59:45N 45:00E (EG.27066) WR PR NS 40155 SDE-HAIFA (HAIFA) S CN OK 53:30N 36:30E (EG.27906) WR PR NS 40179 BET DAGAN WR eN OK 49:00N 48:30E (EG.34391) WR PR NS 40180 BEN-GURION INT. AIRPORT S CN OK 47:00N 37:00E (EG.34712) WR PR NS 40199 EILAT S CN OK 44:00N 47:00E (EG.37085) WR PR NS 40250 H-4 'IRWAISHED' S CN OK 41:30N 48:30E (EG.37597) WR PR NS 40265 MAFRAQ S CN OK 35:00N 40:00E (EG.40045) WR PR NS RESOLUTION 3 53

. RESOLUTION 3 (XI-RA VI) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION VI (EUROPE)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), System in Region VI in the form of a consolidated state­ NOTING: ment for inclusion in Volume II of the Manual on the (1) The Manual on the Global Observing System (Annex V Global Observing System, . to the WMO Technical Regulations), Volume II, DECIDES to include in Volume II, Regional Aspects, (2) Resolution 4 (X-RA VI) - Regional Instrument Region VI, of the Manual on the Global Observing System Centre, the new sections 6.4 and 6.5 as given in the annex to (3) Resolution 35 (84-RA VI) - Regional Radiation this resolutionj Centres of Region VI, REQUESTS the Secretary-General to include the text given CONSIDERING the need to compile regional decisions on in the annex to this resolution in Volume II of the the 'planning and operation of the Global Observing Manual on the Global Observing System.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 3 (XI-RA VI) AMENDMENTS TO THR MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS; REGION VI (EUROPE)

6.4 Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) (g) To keep a library of books and periodicals on 6.4.1 ConSidering the need for regular calibration and instrument theory and practicesj maintenance of meteorological instruments to meet (h) To cooperate with other Regional Instrument increasing needs for high-quality meteorological and Centres to investigate the performance of meteoro- hydrological data, the requirements of Members in the logical instruments. Region for standardization of meteorological measure- 6.4.3 The Association has decided that the Service des ~I ments, the need for international instrument comparisons equipements et des techniques instrumentales de la and evaluations, and for traLl1ing of instrument experts, meteorologie, Trappes, France, will be deSignated to per- the establishment of Regional Instrument Centres as form the functions of a Regional Instrument Centre for proposed by CIMO will be highly appredated. RA VI. 6.4.2 Regional Instrument Centres should have the 6.5 Regional Radiation Centres (RRCs) following terms of reference: 6.5.1 Considering the usefulness of the calibration of (a) To keep a set of meteorological standard instru- national and regional standard pyrheliometers against ments linked with recognized international or pyrheliometers of the World Standard Group (WSG) at national standards and to log their performance five-year intervals for guaranteeing the high quality of and elements of comparisonj radiation data and noting Resolution 11 (EC-XXX) - (b) To assist Members of the Region in calibrating National, Regional and World Radiation Centres - their national standard meteorological instru- and Resolution 35 (84-RA VI) - Regional Radiation ments or in comparing them with the standard Centres of Region VI - Regional Radiation Centres instruments mentioned in (d) and to keep the should be established with the following terms of Members of the Region and the WMO Secretariat reference: informed on the available standard instrumentsj (a) To possess and maintain a standard group of (c) To be prepared to certify the instruments' con- radiometers, consis!ing of either: (i) three standard formity with the standards with reference to radiometers of the Angstrom, silver disk or absolute WMO recommendationsj radiometer typej or (ii) two absolute radiometersj (d) To organize instrument evaluations and com- (b) To compare at least once every five years one of parisons, following standard methodsj the standard radiometers against the World (e) To advise Members of the Region, on request, Standard GrouPj regarding instrument performance and the avail- (c) To intercompare at least once a year the standard ability of relevant guidance materialj radiometers with the aim of checking the stability (f) To help WMO organize symposia or seminars on of the individual instruments. If the ratio has the maintenance, calibration and comparison of changed by more than ± 0.2 per cent and if the· meteorological instruments by providing laborat- erroneous instruments cannot be identified, a ory and field installations, as well as assistance recalibration at the World Radiation Centre with regard to demonstration equipment and (WRC) has to be performed prior to further use as expert advicej a standardj 54 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(d) To make available the necessary facilities and maintain the standard instruments necessary for laboratory for checking and maintaining the accur­ this purpose. acy of the auxiliary measuring equipmentj 6.5.2 Each Regional Radiation Centre-should as far as (e) To provide the necessary outdoor facilities for possible satisfy the above conditions before it is simultaneous comparison of national standard designated. radiometers from the Regionj 6.5.3 The following National Radiation Centres are (f) To provide qualified staff with wide experience in deSignated to serve as Regional Radiation Centres in radiation for continuity of the performance of the RA VI: RRCj Bracknell (UK), Budapest (Hungary), Davos (g) To organize and carry out comparisons of (Switzerland), Potsdam (Germany), St Petersburg national radiation standards within the Region in (Russian Federation), Norrkopipg (Sweden), close collaboration with the other RRCs and to Trappes/Carpentras (France) and Uccle (Belgium).

RESOLUTION 4 (XI-RA VI) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GTS, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION VI (EUROPE)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), DECIDES that the Manual on the Global Telecommunication NOTING: System, Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region VI (Europe), (1) Resolution 2 (Cg-XI) - World Weather Watch should be amended as given in the annex to this resolutionj Programme for 1992-1995, AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, (2) The World Weather Watch Programme for the in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor period 1992-2001, amendments to the Manual on the Global Telecom­ (3) The Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, munication System, Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region VI (Europe), VI (Europe)j CONSIDERING the need to update the Regional REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to include the Meteorological Telecommunication Network for amended text given in the annex to this resolution in Region VI (Europe) to meet the data exchange require­ the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, ments of Members of Region VI, Volume II, Part I, Regional Aspects, Region VI (Europe).

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 4 (XI-RA VI) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GTS, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION VI (EUROPE)

PART I. - ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIONAL METEORO­ (ii) Delete Offenbach from the list of centres. LOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK IN 5. Paragraph 3.10 - Satellite-based communica­ REGION VI (EUROPE) FOR THE WORLD WEATHER tion systems WATCH (WWW) (i) Add a new 3.10.1: 1. Paragraph 3.4 - Zones of responsibility of "3.10.1 RTHs Toulouse and Offenbach RTHs for collection of observational data should operate data-distribution systems Include new Members of WMO in the zones of based on pOint-to-multipoint telecommuni­ responsibility of RTHs as agreed at the session. cation services via satellite for the distribution 2. Paragraph 3.5 - Configuration of the regional of meteorological data and products (see also meteorolOgical telecommunication network 3.4, Part I, Volume I of this Manual)"j Delete the note in paragraph 3.5.2 and Table A. (ii) Renumber present text as 3.1O.2j 3. Paragraph 3.7.4 - RTT Broadcasts (iii) Second sentence of the renumbered 3.10.2 to Delete all references to Bracknell and Sofia. be amended to read: 4. Paragraph 3.9 - Radio facsimile broadcasts "RTHs Bracknell, Rome and Toulouse are (i) Replace the text by the following: responsible for ... " (rest unchanged). liThe following RTHs in Region VI operate 6. Paragraph 4.1- North Atlantic ocean stations radio facsimile broadcasts (see also 3.5, Part I, (i) Delete paragraph 4.1.1 and renumber the fol­ Volume I of this Manual):"j lowing paragraphsj RESOLUTION 5 55

(ii) In paragraph 4.1.1 (former 4.1.2), replace Riga - Vilnius Moscow - Kiev NAOS by "North Atlantic ocean station"; Tbilisi - Bakou Kiev - Kishenev (iii) In paragraph 4.1.2 (former 4.1.3), delete the Athens - Larnaca Bucharest - Kishenev line related to ocean station Charlie. Ljubljana - Zagreb Moscow.;.. Lerevan 7. Figure 1 - Target Regional Meteorological Tele­ Moscow - Minsk Moscow - Tbilisi communication Network in Region VI (Europe) Riga - Minsk Moscow - Riga should be amended as follows: Minsk- Kiev 0). Include the following additional circuits in (ii) Delete the following circuits from the the Regional Meteorological Telecommuni­ RMTN: cation Plan: • Inter-regional circuits: Belgrade - Skopje Vienna - Zagreb Lisbon - Washington Sofia - Skopje Vienna - Ljubljana Lisbon - Casablanca Bratislava - Prague Norrkoping - Riga • Regional circuit: Bratislava - Vienna Riga - Tallinn Oslo - Copenhagen

RESOLUTION 5 (XI-RA VI) REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (2) The broad-based use of satellite technology offers NOTING: an opportunity for reducing the operational costs (1) The needs of new Members of RA VI for reliable sup­ for data exchange; port of their operational meteorological and hydro­ (3) Urgent action is needed to re-organize the RMTN, logical services, particularly to serve the needs of new Members, and J (2) The existing deficiencies of the RMTN in some parts to eliminate existing deficiencies in the Regionj of the Region, . (4) There are a number of technical and non-technical (3) The increasing demands on the RMTN for the issues to be studied, e.g.: exchange of voluminous data sets and products e The optimum mix of new technologies; between NMCs in the Region, • Arrangements for joint implementation and (4) The establishment of satellite broadcasts for the operation; qissemination of data and products by some • Arrangements for jOint funding, as reqUired; Members, . (5) In the absence of appropriate funds in the WMO CONSIDERING: regular budget, the participating Members should (1) The high operating costs of the present RMTN, be invited to cover the costs of their contributions (2) The stated needs of internationai programmes of to the initiative to the extent necessary; WMO and other UN agencies for reliable exchange DECIDES: of data over the GTS, (1) To proceed with the establishment of the RMDCN (3) The developing requirements fcr the exchange of in the Region in several phases, including: climate and environmental monitoring data, (a) Study phase; (4) The increasing demands of NMCs in the Region for (b) Planning and implementation phase; RSMC products, (c) Operational phase; (5) The potential of satellite communications in pro­ (2) To establish a Steering Group,· reporting to the Viding a uniform, high-quality and cost-effective president of the Association, to initiate and guide service throughout the Region, the relevant activities throughout the above phases, (6) The availability of high-performance terrestrial with the following terms of reference: links and services in some parts of the Region, (a) To initiate or complete studies on the follow­ (7) That the technical preconditions are now available ing issues: for establishing a Regional Meteorological Data . (i) A comprehensive assessment of Mem­ Communication Network which offers to all Mem­ ber's requirementsj bers in the Region the opportunity to reach a high (ii) Identification and evaluation of level of performance through a cooperative effort, technical options and their financial AGREES that: consequences; (1) A substantial increase in operational performance (iii) Cost/benefit evaluations; can be expected from the introduction of new com­ (iv) Proposals for a legal framework; munication technologies to form a new regional (v) Arrangements for jOint funding, if network; appropriate; S6 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(vi) 'Management issues; Russian Federation (b) To establish, as necessary, ad hoc teams to Slovakia carry out the above studies and/or solicit con­ Spaip sultant support for these purposes; , Sweden (c), To develop a consolidated proposal for the re­ United Kingdom organization of the RMTN on the basis of Other Members willjng to provide a major analyses and studies carried out as above; contribution to the initiative; , (d) To solicit support from the Members of RA VI (4) To designate, in accordance with RegUlatiQn 32 of through the' president of the J\ssotiation to the WMO General Regulations, A: Fischer (France) proceed with the implementation of the as 'chairman of the group; , RMDCN; " REQUESTS the chairman to submit animal reports to the (e) To maintain dose liais6n with the Sub-group on ' president of the Association ana to submit a report to Telecommunications of the RA _VI Working the ASsociation six months before its next session; Group on the WWW and the CBS Working INVITES Mem1Jers to take preparatory action to carry for­ Group on Telecommunications; ward the iilitiatlve' and coordinate their' activities with (f) Initiate and direct, as reqUired, the activities the contributing Members without delay; , necessary, to implement and operate the URGES Members-to contribute to and participate in the RMDCN; initiative; (3) That the Steering Group should be, composed of, RE9uESTS tbe Secretary-General: representatives from the following Memhel's: (1) To arrange for Secretariat support for the initiative, Cz~ch Republic' ihequired; , France (2) To facilitate coordination with regional and global Germany bodies dealing with telecommunications.

RESOLUTION 6 (XI-RA VI) , . DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), EXPRESSES STRONG CONCERN that: NOTING: (1) The availability on a regUlar basis of meteorological (1) Resolution 4 (Cg-X) - Meteorological and hydrological data from large areas of eastern Europe has recently aspects concerning accidental release of hazardous been greatly reduced due to financial difficulties of materials with potential transboundary effects, national Meteorological and Hydrological Services; (2) Resolution 3 (EC-XL) - WMo activities related to (2) Due to the lack of adequate data, the quality of the the accidental release of hazardous materials, _ transport model output has decreased; (3) Resolution 4 (EC-XLV) - Report of the tenth ses­ URGES Members: ' sion of the Commission for Basic Systems, (1) To give high priority to funding the regular opera­ (4) The results of the WMO/IAEA Workshop 'on User tion of the Regional Basic Synoptic Network Requirements for the Provision of Atmospheric stations; Transport Model Products, Montreal; September 1993, (2) To 'approaCh national, regional and international CONSIDERING that: funding agencies requesting them to provide assist­ (1) Regional Specialized and National Meteorological ance for the operation and upgrading of the relev- Centres are responsible for the provision of emer­ ant parts of the observing networks; , gency response services, e:g. in the fbrm of trans­ (3) To ensure availability of upper-air data from the port model output products to the delegated vicinity of each nuclear power plant which should . authorities in case of an emergency,' also include vertical soundings of the radioactivity (2) Atmospheric transpo~t dispersion/deposition in the atmosphere as reqUired; models are directly connected 'with the opera­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General: " tional NWP models and their performance, (1) to bring this resolution to the attention of other (3) The performance of numerical trajectory and disper­ regional associations'and CBS inviting them to take sion models depends crucially on the timely availability similar action within' the Regions concerned, as of observational meteorolOgical data of high horizontal appropriate; . and vertical resolution, especially from the neigh­ (2) To assist' Members in approaching internationtll bouring area where an emergency has occurred, funding agencies, as reqUired. RESOLUTIONS 7 AND 8 57

RESOLUTION 7 (XI-RA VI) WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE· RELATED MATTERS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), relating to in situ data, remotely sensed data, NOTING: and gridded data sets, and to consider and (1) The reports of its Rapporteurs on Climate-related report on the need for and possibilities of Matters, rationalized storage and distribution policies; (2) . Resolution 28 (Cg-XI) - The Third WMO Long­ (e) To promote the transfer of knowledge on existing term Plan, and new applications of climatological data (3). The abridged final report of the eleventh session of (including seasonal forecasting) in the Region, the Commission for Climatology (WMO~No. 791), and on the means of marketing such services; (4) The decisions made on climatecrelated issues by (f) To liaise with relevant GCOS bodies, critically Cg-XI (1991) and by the Executive Council, includ­ review reports on GCOS and make recom­ ing those of EC-XLIV on the follow-up of UNCED mendations on its implementation in the and EC-XLV on the outcome of the Intergovern­ Region based as far as possible on existLng net­ mental Meeting on the World Climate Programme works and systems; (Geneva, 14-16 April 1993), (g) To examine critically the results of climate (5) The negotiation and signing by most WMO Mem­ system monitoring and climate change bers of the United Nations Framework Convention detection research, and the status of climate on Climate Change (FCCC) during UNCED and the prediction; subsequent entry into force of the Convention, (2) To select the following experts to serve on the CONSIDERING the need for the Association to expand its working group in the capacities indicated: activities in climate-related matters of special import­ E. Nieplova (Ms) (Slovak Republic) - Rappor­ ance to the Region, teur on Regional Climate Observing DECIDES: Networks; (1) To establish a Working Group on Climate-related B. Aune (Norway) - Rapporteur on Regional Matters with the following terms of reference: Climate Data Management and Metadata (a) To investigate and report on network design ReqUirements; criteria used by RA VI Members, and make V. Vent-Schmidt (Germany) - Rapporteur on recommendations on cost-effective implement­ GCOS, including Liaison with Appropriate ation and opemtion of networks; GeOS Bodies; (b) To identify, with input from NMHSs, customer To be nominated - Rapporteur on Data groups for climatological data and products and Archiving and Distribution Practices; assess their general requirements, including an G. Gruza (Russian Federation)- Rapporteur overall specification of metadata; on Climate Monitoring and Prediction and (c) To address problems faced by Members in Climate Change Detection Research; making, collecting, storing and quality control A. Labajo (Spain) - Rapporteur on Climate of climatolOgical observations and to facilitate Applications and Services, including Identi­ transfer of advice to alleviate problems; fication of Users ReqUirements; (d) .. To assess and report on the data archiving, (3) To select B. Aune (Norway) as chairman of the transmission and supply policies and procedures working group; of NMHSs, and relevant agencies such as the (4) That Members may nominate other experts to serve European Centre for Medium-range Weather on the working group; Forecasts, the European Organization for the REQUESTS the chairman of the working group to submit Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, the annual progress reports to the president of the Associ­ Centre for Earth Observation, the European ation and a final report not later than six months before Climate Support Network, including those the twelfth session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 8 (XI-RA VI) RAPPORTEUR ON ATMOSPHERIC OZONE

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), NOTING: (3) The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the (1) Resolution 11 (EC-XXIX) - Atmospheric Ozone Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol, Measurements, CONSIDERING: (2) Resolution 7 (Ee-XXXIX) - Global Ozone Research (1) The recognized threat to the depletion of stratospheriC and Monitoring, ozone, 58 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(2) That WMO has a long history of facilitating and co­ between Dobson, UV-B measuring and other ordinating ozone activities, instruments in RA VI and other Regions; (3) The approval by EC-XLl of the Global Atmosphere (c) To advise oil the establishment of new ozone­ Watch (GAW) with one ofits main components being sonde stations in the Region and on matters the- WMO Global Ozone Observing System (G030S), relating to the monitoring of ozone by satellites; (4) That the Eleventh World Meteorological Congress (d) To assess regional interest in matters relating to, stated that GA W should be a major component of the and encourage the monitoring of, tropospheric emerging Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), and surface ozone including UV-B monitoring; (5) The need for continued encouragement of activities (e) In collaboration with the Secretariat, to keep in related to ozone in the Region, including arrangements contact with cooperative research'projects on for instrument intercomparisons, re-evaluation of past ozone within the Region and to assist Members records, preparations for assessments and the exchange in the exchange of information and experience; of experience in ozone research and mOnitoring, (f) To maintain liaison with the Regional Ozone DECIDES: . Centre in Hohenpeissenberg; (l) To appoint a Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone (2) To' invite H. Claude (Germany) to serve as the with the following terms of reference: Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone; (a) To survey and report on Members' efforts in (3) To request the rapporteur to submit an annual operating GAW-G030S stations; report on his activities to the president of the (b) To assist, in collaboration with the Secretariat, Association and a final report six months before the in the conduct of comparisons and calibrations next session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 9 (XI-RA VI) WORKING GROUP ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (e) To review and explain agrometeorological NOTING: information and data that can be used to (1) Resolution 16 (Cg-XI) - Agricultural Meteorology assist agriculturists to adapt to climatic vari­ Programme, . ability, extreme climatic events and climate (2) The report of the working group submitted to the change and to utilize the development in eleventh session of the Association, including its monthly and seasonal forecasts in respect of recommendations, some important food and cash crops in the RECOGNIZING the increased awareness, especially in many Region (e.g. wheat, grapes, potatoes); developed countries, of the importance of the quality of (f) To describe agrometeorological information agricultural products, in quantitative terms required for planning RECOGNIZING FURTHER that climate variability and poss­ and operational management of the following ible future climate change have a significant impact on crops: oats, stone fruit, and rape seed; agriculture and forestry in the Region, (g) To undertake, in collaboration with CAgM DECIDES: and, as appropriate, with FAO and other agen­ (1) To re-establish a Working Group on Agricultural Cies, the following activities: Meteorology with the following terms of reference: (i) Making a complete listing of available (a) To study and summarize the description of software packages for applications in phenological stages of crops of interest to agrometeorology, with information on Members in the Region and for which quality their availability and proven performance; aspects are important for end produce and/or (U) Elaborating and proposing for approval end user, with a view to the provision of to the next session of the Regional advisory services most appropriate to the Association.a uniform scale for the assess­ phenological stage of the crop; ment of forest fire danger; (b) To review and summarize agrometeorological (iii) Compiling a handbook of operational aspects of increased deforestation in highly methods for frost risk forecasting for the industrialized countries in Europe; major crops affected by frost in the (c) To review literature on modelling of pests and Region; diseases and associated software development (2) To nominate the following experts as core members and make appropriate recommendations; to serve on the group: (d) To survey and summarize, for operational Z. Dunkel (Hungary) application, agrometeorological information M. Molendijk (Netherlands) to increase the efficiency of energy and water V. Perarnaud (Ms) (France) use in production processes; K. Heger (Germany) RESOLUTIONS 10 AND 11 59

T. Keane (Ireland) (4) That Members may nominate other experts to serve J. Lomas (Israel) on the working group; G. Marracchi (Italy) (5) To invite the chairman of the working group to sub­ R. M. Mata Reis (Portugal) mit annual progress reports on the activities of the D. Kozinets (Ms) (Russian Federation) group and a final report to the president of the P. Nejedlik (Slovakia) Association six months prior to the twelfth session I. Matajc (Slovenia) of the Association. A. Marroquin (Spain) (3) To designate Z. Dunkel (Hungary) as chairman of NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 12 (X-RA VI), which the working group; is no longer in force

RESOLUTION 10 (XI-RA VI) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), in Region VI, including reqUirements for NOTING the report of the Rapporteur on Basic and enhanced specialized education and training; Specialized Marine Meteorological Services, (c) To take action on marine meteorological mat­ CONSIDERING: ters assigned by the president of RA VI; (1) The need for further monitoring and development (d) To participate in the CMM Working Group on of marine meteorological services in Region VI, Education and Training and Implementation (2) The need to continue close liaison with CMM and SUpporti to participate in the work of the CMM Working (2) To invite C. J. W. Dekker.(Nethedands) to serve as Group on Education and Training and Imple­ the Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological mentation Support, Services; DECIDES: (3) To request the rapporteur to submit annual reports, (1) To re-appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Marine as appropriate, to the president of the Association Meteorological Services with the following terms of with a final report to be presented six months prior reference: to the tweifth session of the Association; (a) To continue to review the status of the imple­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the rapporteur mentation of marine meteorological services in in his work as appropriate. Region VI; this should also include the intercom­ parison of models on dispersion of oil spills; (b) To formulate suggestions for the further NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 13 (X-RA Vl), which development of marine meteorolOgical services is no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 11 (XI-RA VI) USE OF INMARSAT FOR THE COLLECTION OF SHIPS' METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC REPORTS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), NOTING: (2) The considerable improvements to be expected in (1) Resolution 19 (Cg-XI) - The collection and dis­ the receipt of marine meteorological and semination of marine meteorological and oceano­ oceanographic observations from ships at sea graphic information using INMARSAT, through the enhanced use of the INMARSAT (2) The operation of Coast Earth Stations (CES) of system, INMARSAT in Region VI, (3) The cost-savings which will accrue to those (3) The equipping of an increased number of ships partici­ Members collecting such reports through pating in theWMO Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) INMARSAT by the increased use of the new scheme with Ship Earth Stations (SES) of INMARSAT, in INMARSAT-C facility for this purpose, particular with the INMARSAT-C facility, RECOGNIZING WITH APPRECIATION that certain Members CONSIDERING: operating INMARSAT CES have already arranged (1) The need to increase the number of ships' meteoro­ through their CES to accept ships' meteorological and logical and oceanographic reports from most of the oceanographic reports that are of general value to all sea areas of Region VI, Members of WMO, 60 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

BEING CONCERNED, however, that problems continue to (2) All Members in the Region operating VOS equipped be related to the timely redistribution to the countries with INMARSAT-C to make every effort for those closest to the geographical origin of reports collected ships to be supplied with the new_ software package through INMARSAT, for the compilation and transmission of meteoro­ URGES: logical reports through INMARSAT-C, to ensure the (1) Members concerned to make every effort to ensure maximum efficiency and cost-effectiveness of such the timely redistribution of reports collected an operation; through INMARSAT to countries in the areas of the REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist Members in the geographical origins of those reports; implementation of this resolution.

RESOLUTION 12 (XI-RA VI) RAPPORTEUR ON THE CLIMATE OF THE BALTIC SEA BASIN

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (d) To carry out the task in close consultation NOTING the report of the Rapporteur on the Climate of with the Members wishing to participate in the. Baltic Sea Basin, the project; CONSIDERING that a finalized pilot study for use of small (2) To invite M. Mietus (Poland) to serve as Rapporteur sea-basin areas would assist the Association in formulat­ on the Climate of the Baltic Sea Basinj ing its future studies on the climatological character­ REQUESTS the rapporteur: istics of small sea-basin areas in Europe, (1) To coordinate closely the activities relating to the DECIDES: study with those under the Marine Climatological (1) To re-appoint a Rapporteur on the Climate of the Summaries Scheme of CMMj Baltic Sea Basin with the following terms of reference: (2) To submit progress reports at yearly intervals to the (a) To finalize the layout for the content and for­ president of the Association and a final report not mat of the tables for coastal stations and pro- later than six months before the twelfth session of cessing procedures; the Association. (b) To finalize an analysis of the results of the study and arrange for the compilation of com­ ments for subsequent publication of the con­ solidated results; (e) To make proposals for organizing, especially at the technical level, cooperation on this sub­ NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 16 (X-RA VI), which ject between the Services concerned; is no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 13 (:Xi~RA VI) PARTICIPATION IN THE JOINT IOCIWMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM (IGOSS)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (6) Re·solution 21 (Cg-XI) - WMO's involvement in NOTING: the development of a Global Ocean Observing (1) Resolution 20 (Cg-XI) - Integrated Global Ocean System, Services System, Cot,!SI!>ERING tl:Iat data originating from the IGOSS pro­ (2) The IGOSS Plan and Implementation Programme gramme not only make a significant contribution to 1989-1995, operational meteorology and the provision of opera­ (3) The Third WMO Long-term Plan, Volume II, Part 4, tional oceanographic services, but will also form an Section 4.4 - The Marine Meteorology and essential element of the Global Climate Observing Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme, Systein and the Global Ocean Observing System, (4) The final report of the sixth session of the Joint RECOGNIZING that a substantial increase in the amount of IOC/WMO Committee for IGOSS, Geneva, ocean data available through IGOSS is needed to satisfy November 1991, the requirements for such data of operational meteoro­ (5) Resolution 9 (Cg-XI) - Global Climate Observing logy, oceanographic services and research, and global System, climate studies, RESOLUTION 14 61

URGES Members to increase their participation in all or the appropriate Specialized Oceanographic Centres any parts of the basic elements of IGOSS, in particular (SOC) of the IGOSS Sea Level Pilot Project for the the IGOSS Observing System, by: North and Tropical Atlantic (lSLPP-NTA); (1) Fully exploiting all existing sources of BATHY/TESAC (6) Participating in the Global Temperature/Salinity and TRACKOB data for operational exchange Pilot Project (GTSPP)i through IGOSSi (7) Establishing National Oceanographic Centres and (2) Enlisting more research vessels and ships-of­ Specialized Oceanographic Centres, where appro­ opportunity to the BATHY/TESAC and TRACKOB priate, for the processing of IGOSS data and the operational programme and in particular encour­ preparation of oceanographic products in support aging the collection and exchange of surface and of all types of users; and, if pOSSible, contributing sub-surface salinity datai funding support and relevant products to the IGOSS (3) Improving ship-to-shore telecommunication Products Bulletini arrangements, in particular through the greater use REQUESTS the Secretary-General, within the available of satellite-based telecommunication facilitiesj budgetary resources, and in cooperation with lOC, to (4) 'Supplying expendable bathythermograph probes to assist Members in the further implementation of IGOSS ships through collective and bilateral assistance in the Region. programmes, and in general facilitating the partici­ pation of developing countries in IGOSSi . (5) Further expanding their operational sea level NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 15 (X-RA VI), which measurement networks and submitting the data to is no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 14 (XI-RA VI) WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), DECIDES: NOTING: (1) To re-establish the Worki...rlg Group on Hydrology (1) The report of its Working Group on Hydrology and with the following terms of reference: the various technical reports, prepared' by its (a) To prepare a report on the experience in RA VI rapporteurs, countries in the design and operation of hydro­ (2) Resolution 22 (Cg-XI) - Hydrology and Water logical networks in river basins with disturbed Resources Programme, water regime and take the necessary steps to (3) Resolution 28 (Cg-Xl) - Third WMO Long-term complete the WMO BNAP and HYNET projects at Plan, regional level taking account of the implementa­ (4) WMO's Plan of Action for the International Decade tion plans established by CHy for both projedsi for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), (b) To identify the procedures for operational use (5) The results of a number of important events in the of radar data for hydrology, jointly with other field of hydrology and water resources, particularly remote sensing techniques such as satellite those relating to issues raised at the International imagery, evaluate the existing software and Conference on Water and the Environment make proposals for a recommended methodo­ (Dublin, January 1992) and at the United Nations logy and software in this fieldi Conference on Environment and Development (Rio (c) To review water-quality networks in RA VI de Janeiro, June 1992), countries, real~time forecasting systems and (6) The review of national capacities presented in the models for simulation of pollutant transport WMO/UNESCO report on Water Resources Assess­ in surface water and groundwaterj ment, prepared in 1990-91, (d) To continue HOMS implementation and promo­ (7) The "Statement of CHy-IX" and the "Paris Statement", tion activities, particularly as regards applications CONSIDERING: to extreme hydrological phenomena affecting (1) That Regional Association VI plays an important and Region VI and to evaluate periodically the global active role in the implementation of WMO regional contribution ofRA VI Members to HOMS; activities in the field of hydrology and water resources, (e) To identify, within the framework of WCP­ (2) The increasingly effective role of the Working Group Water, the experimental data already obtained on Hydrology in establishing a number of concerted and current research concerning climate change actions in the field of water and close cooperation impacts on the design of hydraulic development between Hydrological, Hydrometeorological and works, the water cycle on different scales, water MeteorolOgical Services of RA VI Members, quality and ecosystemsi 62 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(j) To collect information and prepare a report B. Schadler (Switzerland) on short-range hydrological forecasting in L. Dovgich (Ukraine) catchments with modified regimes and on the (3) To deSignate, in accordance with ~egulations 167(b) exchange of information between the hydro­ and 32 respectively of the WMO General Regu­ logical forecasting services and the water users; lations, F. Bultot (Belgium) as the regional hydro­ (g) To identify the countries willing to contribute logical adviser and as chairman of the Working to a European Operational Hydrological Group on Hydrology, and V. Vuglinsky (Russian Reference Basins (OHRB) network, collect all Federation) as vice-chairman of the group; the necessary information on these basins, REQUESTS the regional hydrological adviser and the and prepare an inventory; chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology: (h) To review arrangements for monitoring sedi­ (1) In his capacity as adviser, to assist the president of ment transport in Region VI; RA VI according to the duties stipulated in WMO (i) To cooperate with CHy, other WMO bodies General Regulation 167(b); and international organizations on projects (2) As chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology, related to hydrology and water resources; to prepare an implementation plan and accordingly (]) To provide assistance and advice to the deSignate, in consultation with the president of the president of the Association on all questions Association, rapporteurs and "associate" rappor­ pertaining to the regional aspects of the teurs from the working group to undertake work on Hydrology and Water Resources Programme the following subjects according to the programmes (HWRP), including the preparation of the contained in the annex to this resolution: Fourth Long-term Plan of WMO; (a) Hydrological networks; (2) To invite all Members of the Region to deSignate (b) Applications of weather radar data for hydro­ national hydrological experts to serve on the working logy and water resources; group and attend its meetings. The following experts (c) Water quality monitoring, forecasting and were nominated during the eleventh session: control; F. Bultot (Belgium) (d) Regional aspects of HOMS; V. Vuglinsky (Russian Federation) (e) Climate and water; J. Hladny (Czech Republic) (f) Short-range hydrological forecasting in catch­ H. Madsen (Denmark) ments with modified regimes; P. M. M. Warmerdan (Netherlands) (g) Operational Hydrological Reference Basins; C. Merlier (France) (h) Sediment transport; T. Gunter (Germany) (3) In both capacities as chairman and regional hydro­ E. Zakharchenko (Latvia) logical adviser to submit to the president of the A. Tollan (Norway) Association an annual report on 31 December each E. Bogdanowicz (Ms) (Poland) year, and a final report not less than six months M. R. Lacerda (Portugal) prior to the twelfth session of RA VI; A. S. Palma (Portugal) URGES Members concerned to provide full support to the P. Serban (Romania) rapporteurs nominated from their country in order to B. Minarik (Slovak Republic) ensure that they are able to fulfil the tasks assigned to them; T. Muzic (Slovenia) REQUESTS the Secretary-General to publish selected A. Rodriguez Fontal (Spain) technical reports prepared by the working group in the A. Mestre (Spain) technical documents series and distribute them to all M. Spreafico (Switzerland) concerned.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 14 (XI-RA VI) WORK PROGRAMMES OF RAPPORTEURS OF THE RA VI WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGy -

GENERAL. WORK PROGRAMME APPLICABLE TO ALL INDIVIDUAL WORK PROGRAMMES RAPPORTEURS Rapporteur on Hydrological Networks 1. Prepare an annual progress report and submit it to (a) To analyse the additional information provided by the chairman of the group by 1 December of each year RA VI countries for the BNAP project, imdto com- of the intersessional period. plete the review of results regarding the density of 2. Submit a final report to the chairman of the group observing stations in RA VI for different types of eight months prior to the twelfth session of the hydrological parameters; Association. (b) To prepare a report concerning: RESOLUTION 14 63

(i) The experience in RA VI countries in the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of HOMS design and operation of hydrological net­ (a) To evaluate and report on the global contribution works in river basins with disturbed water of RA VI Members to HOMS, and to collect regime; information from HNRCs about the feedback from (ii) The different types of anthropogenic users; impacts on the hydrological regime (e.g. (b) To consider the expansion of hydrological tech­ industrial/municipal water consumption, nologies with regard to extreme hydrological irrigation, drainage, reservoirs, etc.); events affecting RA VI countries and to cooperate (iii) The data requirements to meet the needs of closely with the STEND project; water and environmental management prac­ (c) To continue the arrangements for improved iden­ tices (dependent on the type of human tification of suitable hydrological technologies in activity); view of users' requirements; (iv) The available methods for estimating the (d) To promote HOMS activities inRA VI countries on man-induced changes in the water balance the basis of the CHy implementation plan for of a basin, and the respective data and net­ HOMS (1992-1996). work needs for their application (additional Rapporteur on Climate and Water hydrological and related meteorological (a) To prepare a report concerning the experience in data); . RA VI on: (c) To assist, as and when required, in the promotion (i) Activities in relation to climate and water, as and the implementation of the HYNET project in an update to the report on the subject prepared RA VI countries. during the previous intersessional period; Rapporteur on Weather Radar Data for Hydrology (ii) The status of existing climate simulation and Water Resources models; (a) To identify the procedures which can be consid­ (iii) The development of existing climate scen­ ered of operational use for exploiting radar data arios for use by hydrologists in RA VI; for hydrological purposes; (iv) The progress in respect to converting the (b) To evaluate the existing procedures and software results of climate models into hydrology­ for calibration operations (in real-time an.d from related information; and archives), for optimum grid size determination, (v) New methodological tools for the determi­ for obscured pixels identification, and for correct­ nation of water-resources design parameters ing errors of all kinds; in the light of potential climate change and (c) To evaluate the existing procedures and software in respect of climate change impacts on the in the field of applications (areal rainfall estima­ water cycle on different scales, on water tion, precipitation forecasts, flood forecasts, etc.); quality and on ecosystems; (d) To identify existing procedures for the jOint util­ (b) To follow up on the recommendations of recent ization of remote sensing techniques through international events such as the WMO Helsinki weather radar and satellite imagery; Conference on Climate and Water, the Second (e) To prepare a report on: World Climate Conference, and the Intergovern­ (i) The comparative analysis of the existing pro­ mental Meeting on WCP concerning problems cedures and software;. related to the quantitative hydrology and 'water (ii) Proposals for a recommended methodology resources within RA VI. (practical guidelines and software). Rapporteur on Short-range Hydrological Fore­ Rapporteur on Water Quality Monitoring, Fore­ casting in Catchments with Modified Regimes casting and Control (a) To collect Information on: (a) To carry out a review of water quality networks in (i) Short-term hydrological forecasting in basins RA VI countries and their relationship with the with modified regime due to various factors networks for river runoff measurements; of anthropogenic nature (required data, (b) To collect publications and reports available in structures of the appropriate models, effi­ RA VI countries, as well as information on activ­ ciency, case studies); ities of international organizations in Europe, in . (ii) The mechanisms and systems established for the field of surface water and groundwater quality the flow and exchange of information monitoring, real-time forecasting and control, and between the hydrological forecasting ser­ to identify possibilities for further harmonization vices and the water users; of these activities; (b) To prepare a report concerning the experience in (c) To prepare a state-of-the-art report with special RA VI. emphasis on water-quality monitoring in Europe; Rapporteur on Operational Hydrological Reference (d) To assist as required in the WMO/IAEA project on Basins (OHRB) the evaluation of models for simulation of trans­ (a) To identify the countries willing to contribute to a port of pollution in water and soil. European OHRB network; 64 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(b) To collect and compile descriptive data of these Rapporteur on Sediment Transport basins; (a) To collect appropriate information about the (c) To prepare an inventory of these basins to be cir­ monitoring of sediment transport in RA VI countries; culated to all RA VI Members; (b) To analyse this information with regard to: (d) To assist the WMO Secretariat in the inclusion of (i) Description of measurement equipment and relevant data on OHRBs in INFO HYDRO; methods as well as monitoring programmes; (e) To liaise as appropriate with the FRIEND project (ii) Determination of advantages, limits and and other similar networking projects in this field accuracy; within RA VI. (c) To prepare a report on the results of this analysis.

.RESOLUTION 15 (XI-RA VI) ESTABLISHMENT OF A TASK FORCE ON TECHNICAL COOPERATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), DECIDES FURTHER to proceed with a three-level approach, NOTING the recent socio-economic and political changes focusing on: that have occurred in the Region, (1) Emergency measures to maintain a minimum level of NOTING FURTHER, with concern, the adverse effects these basic operational components, such as the WWW; changes may have on the provision of meteorological (2) Consolidation measures to ensure provision of and hydrological services, other primary services; and, CONSIDERING the particular needs of Members of RA VI, (3) Development measures to enable the national especially developing countries and those with economies MeteorolOgical and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in transition, to meet their commitments and the require­ to provide the full range of products and services ments relating to the provision of such services, reqUired; RECOGNIZING that urgent action needs to be taken with­ REQUESTS the chairman: in the Region, above all, to address these concerns (1) To take immediate action to ensure an early start of through technical cooperation activities, the work of the task force; AGREES that, within RA VI, there is a considerable poten­ (2) To provide regular reports to the president of RA VI tial for solving most of the existing problems on a bilat­ on the progress of the task force and, in particular, eral and multilateral basis; to submit such reports before sessions of the DECIDES to establish a Task Force on Technical Cooperation, Association; the terms of reference of which are given in the annex to REQUESTS ALSO the Secretary-General to provide the this resolution, with the following composition: appropriate technical support to help the task force E. Jatila (Finland), chairman accomplish its tasks; Members to be nominated by: France, Georgia! URGES Members of RA VI to provide financial and other Lebanon, Netherlands, Slovakia, Ukraine and UK; support required for the functioning of the group.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 15 (XI-RA VI) TERMS OF REFERENCE TASK FORCE ON TECliNICAL COOPERATION

The Task Force on Technical Cooperation will consist of . 2:'Td formulate a basis for setting priorities and to a small representative group selected from Members. The identify priorities in terms of emergency (short­ group shall, carry out its work at no additional cost to the term), consolidation (medium-term) and Organization. Costs will be met from voluntary development (long-term) reqUirements, in contributions from RA VI Members. The task force shall consultation with the NMHSs and, through the have the following terms of reference: NMHSs, with other concerned national 1. To review, assess and consolidate available authorities,as appropriate; information concerning reqUirements of RA VI 3. To determine the best ways of ensuring that the Members with respect to the implementation of identified reqUirements are linked to national! technical cooperation activities, including training; regional development plans; RESOLUTION 16 65

4. To identify possible resources to meet these cerned, through the president of RA VI, and carry requirements from within each country, through out appropriate elements of this planj bilateral/multilateral arrangements among RA VI 6. To initiate appropriate actions to meet the identi­ Members, . as well as from international funding fied requirements, particularly those urgent/ institutions in Europe and elsewhere, and to pro­ emergency requirements at national and regional mote actions to access stich resourceSj levelsj 5. To formulate a specific and integrated action plan, 7. To submit regular reports to the president and to to seek a general consensus among Members con- keep RA VI Members informed.

RESOLUTION 16 (XI-RA VI) REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), DECIDES: NOTING paragraph 3.7.1 of the general summary of (1) To keep in force Resolutions 25 (IV-RA VI), EC-IX, 35 (84-RA VI), 7 and 8 (IX-RA VI), and 3,4, 14 and CONSIJ)ERING: 18 (X-RA VI)j (1) That a number of its resolutions adopted before its (2) Not to keep in force the other resolutions adopted eleventh session have been revised and incorpor­ before its eleventh sessionj ated in resolutions of the eleventh session, (3) To publish the text of the resolutions kept in force (2) That others of its previous resolutions have been in the annex to this resolution. incorporated in appropriate WMO publications or have become obsolete, (3) That some of the previous resolutions are still to be NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 20 (X-RA VI), which implemented, is no longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 16 (XI-RA VI) RESOLUTIONS OF RA VI ADOPTED PRIOR TO ITS ELEVENTH SESSION AND MAINTAINED IN FORCE

Resolution 25 (IV-RA VI) (a) Continuous recording and publication of hourly sums of global solar radiation and sky . NETWOP..K OF P..ADIATIOr--~ STATIOr~§ lNREGIOi~ \-1 radiation by means ofpyranometers ~f the THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR EUROPE, first or second class (see Chapter 9 of the NOTING paragraphs 3.1.4.1 and 3.1.4.2 of the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Technical Regulations, Observing Practices)j CONSIDERING the numerous and valuable applications (b) Regular measurement of direct solar radiationj possible with radiation observations, (c) Recording of sunshine durationj DECIDES: (4) That at least one main radiation station be estab­ (1) That Members of RA VI not so far making such lished at a representative site in each of the coun­ observations proceed to create a national radiation try's main climatic zoneSj network consisting of: (5) That ordinary radiation stations carry out the fol­ (a) A national radiation centrej lowing minimum programme: (b) As many main stations as necessaryj (a) Continuous recording and publication of (c) As many ordinary stations necessaryj daily sums of global solar radiationj (2) That the national radiation centre perform the (b) Recording of sunshine durationj functions and satisfy the conditions recommend­ (6) That the density of ordinary radiation stations be ed by the Working Group on Radiation suitable for the study of the climatology of radia­ Instruments and Observations for General Use of tion in the Regionj the Commission for Instruments and Methods of (7) That, in addition to the programmes outlined in Observation (see annex)j (3) and (5) above, main and ordinary radiation sta­ (3) That main radiation stations carry out the follow­ tions carry out all other radiation observations of ing minimum programme: value in meeting the reqUirements of userSj 66 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(8) That each of the Members of RA VI should keep an 4. Arrangements should be made for the collection up-to-date list of the country's radiation stations, of the results of all radiation measurements made in giving the following information for each station: the national network and for the regular scrutiny of (a) Name and geographical coordinatesj these results with a view to ensuring their accuracy (b) Altitudej and reliability. If this work is done by some other (c) Brief description of the local topography; body, the national radiation centre should maintain (d) Category of station and details of the obser­ close liaison with this body. vational programme; (e) Details of the radiometers used (type and serial number of each instrument, standardization coefficients, dates of Significant changes); «() Exposure of the radiometers including Resolution 35 (84-RA VI) height above ground and the nature of sub­ REGIONAL RADIATION CENTRES OF REGION VI jacent surfaces; (g) Station history (dates of beginning of records, THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR EUROPE, repairs, interruptions or closing of records, NOTING: changes of name of station, important changes (1) Resolution 11 (EC-XXX) - National, Regional and in the observational programme); World Radiation Centres, (h) Name of the supervising organization or (2) Resolution 16 (VII-RA VI) - Regional Radiation institutej Centres in RA VI, (9) That each Member send copies of information as DECIDES that the following centres be recognized set out iIi paragraph (8) above and any subsequent as regional radiation centres in RA VI so long as they rectifications to the chairman of the RA VI fulfil the conditions formulated in the annex to this Working Group on Radiation and to the WMO resolution: Secretariat. Bracknell, Budapest, Davos, Hamburg, Leningrad, Norrkoping, Trappes/Carpentras, Uccle. Annex to Resolution 25 (IV-RA VI) National Radiation Centres Annex to Resolution 35 (84-RA VI) 1. A national radiation centre is a centre established Regional Radiation Centres of Region VI at the national level authorized to serve as a centre for Regional Radiation Centres the calibration, standardization and checking of the A Regional Radiation Centre is a centre deSignated by instruments used in the national network of radiation Regional Association VI to serve as a centre for intra­ stations and to maintain the national standard instru­ regional comparisons of radiation instruments within ments necessary for this purpose. the Region and to maintain the standard instruments 2. A national radiation centre should satisfy the fol­ necessary for this purpose. lowing requirements: Each Regional Radiation Centre should satisfy the (a) It should possess at least one working standard following conditions before it is deSignated as such and pyrheliometer of the Angstrom compensation should continue to fulfil them after being deSignated: or silver disc type for use as a national (a) It should possess and maintain a standard reference standard for the calibration of group of radiometers, which consists of either: radiation instruments in the national network; (i) Three standard radiometers of the (b) It should compare the national working Angstrom, silver disk or absolute radio- standard pyrheliometer with a regional meter type; or working standard pyrheliometer at least (ii) Two absolute radiometers; once in five yearsj (b) One of the standard radiometers should be (c) It should ensure an accuracy of the auxillary compared at least once every five years measuring equipment of the same order as against the World Standard Group; that of the pyrheliometer; (c) The standard radiometers should be inter­ (d) It should have the necessary facilities and. compared.at least once a year to check the equipment for checking and for the study of stability of the individual instruments. If the operation and performance of instru­ the ratio has changed by more than ±O.2 per ments used in the networkj cent and if the erroneous instruments can­ (e) The staff of the centre should provide for not be identified, a recalibration at one of continuity and should include at least one the World Radiation Centres has to be per­ . specialist with wide experience in radiation. formed prior to further use as a standardj 3. National radiation centres would be responsible for (d) It should have the necessary facilities and the preparation and keeping up to date of all necessary laboratory for checking and maintaining technical information for the operation and maintenance the accuracy of the auxillary measuring of the radiometers of the national network. eqUipment; RESOLUTION 16 67

(e) It should provide the necessary outdoor facil­ possible as a result of the next regional pyrheliometer ities for simultaneous comparison of national comparison of RA VI; standard radiometers from the Region; REQUESTS the Secretary-General to disseminate the (f) The .staff of the centre should provide for results of future pyrheliometer comparisons. continuity and should include a qualified scientist with wide'experience in radiation. Annex to Resolution 8 (IX-RA VI) Fourth regional pyrheliometer comparison of RA VI Carpentras, June 1984 Resolution 7 (IX-RA VI) USE OF METEOSAT SERVICES Insbument Type Member Calibration Calibration (actors and (actors and REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), reduction (actors reduction (actors NOTING: used for the proposed as a (l) The continuity of data collection services pro­ comparison result o( the vided by the operators of geostationary meteoro­ comparison logical satellites, (2) The plan of EUMETSAT to provide a A7 SI Belgium 30041 Wm-2k 2 30083 Wm-2k 2 Meteorological Data Distribution (MDD) service A 7190 E Belgium 4586. 4616 " within the operational METEOSAT programme, A 7191 E Belgium 4502 " 4544 " CONSIDERING: A 545 St Finland 5561 " 5588 " (1) That the data collection mission of geostationary A24 SI France 23667 " 23726 " A 7633 E France 4447 " 4456 " satellites was not fully used by Members of RA VI, , A 7636 E France 4322 " 4336 (2) The potential improvements resulting from the , A 559 St Netherlands 5701 " 5724 installation of data-collection platforms in data­ , A46 St Austria 10263 " 10 283 sparse areas, A568 St Germany, (3) The benefits to be expected from the use of the Fed. Rep. of 5777 " 5757 " MDD for the dissemination of meteorological data A583 St United Kingdom 5983 , 5981 --.\ and products to Members of RA VI and neigh­ " A548 St Ireland 10747 10767 bouring Regions, " " A 12345 E Italy 4664 " 4682 " ENCOURAGES Members of RA VI: , A 12342 E Yugoslavia 4725 " 4743 (1) To use data-collection platforms (DCPs), as appro­ MKVI-67604 TMI United priate, to improve the density of the observing Kingdom 1.001 network in the data-sparse areas of RA VI; MKVI-68016 TMI France 1.00023 PM02 WRC Switzerland 0.9986 (2) To prepare, as appropriate, the exploitation of the CROM02L IRM Belgium 1.0029 METEOSAT MDD mission as soon as this service CROM03L IRM Belgium 0.9975 becomes available. PM06-5 WRC Germany, Fed. Rep. of Unknown 1.0005 HF 19744 E Italy 0.9999 0.9997 TMI Austria Unknown 0.9985 Resolution 8 (IX-RA VI) MKVI-68025 CALIBRATION FACTORS FOR STANDARD PYRHELIOMETERS REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), Resolution 3 (X-RA VI) NOTING: THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL (1) The results of the Fourth Regional Pyrheliometer OBSERVING SYSTEM Comparison held at Carpentras in June 1984, as published by the Meteorological Service of France REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), in 1985 and distributed by WMO to Members of NOTING: RA VI, (1) Resolution 25 (Cg-X) - Second WMO Long-term (2) The report of the Rapporteur on Radiation Plan, including the WWW Implementation Measurement of RA VI, Programme for Region VI (1988-1997), CONSIDERING the need for a fundamental adjustment of (2) The progress being made in the implement­ calibration fact-ors of the Angstrom pyrheliometers ation of the ASDAR, ASAP and drifting buoy used as national standards to read according to the programmes, World Radiometric Reference (WRR), and the need for (3) The final report on OWSE-North Atlantic, WRR-reduction factors for absolute radiometers, CONSIDERING: DECIDES that the set of calibration factors and reduc­ (1) The importance of an effective Regional Basic tion factors proposed in the table given in the annex Synoptic Network and the need to integrate the be approved until replacement becomes necessary and RBSN within the overall GOS, 68 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(2) The need to have comprehensive and realistic NOTING with appreciation the offer by France to pro­ information on the value of new observing sys­ vide/commit the facilities of its Service des equipements tems, their costs and their interfaces with other et des techniques instrumentales de -la meteorologie, parts of the regional programme, Trappes to perform the functions of a Regional INVITES: Instrument Centre, (1) Members to participate in the deployment and use DESIGNATES the Service des equipements et des techniques of new observing systems and, individually or col­ instrumentales de la meteorologie, Trappes, France, as a lectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of these sys­ Regional Instrument Centre for RA VI with the follow­ tems and their integration in the WWWj ing functions: (2) Members to support as far as possible the pro­ (a) To keep a set of meteorological standard grammes of the space agencies responsible for the instruments linked with recognized interna­ planning and operation of satellite systems with a tional or national standards and to log their view to ensuring continuity and improvement of performance and elements of comparisonj satellite servicesj (b) To assist Members of the Region in calibrat­ (3) Members bordering the North Sea and the ing their national standard meteorological Mediterranean Sea to consider the joint establish­ instruments or in comparing them with the ment of upper-air stations (on fixed platforms or standard instruments mentioned in (d) and using ASAP) in these sea areasj to keep the Members of the Region and the URGES Members to: WMO Secretariat informedbf the available (1) Provide additional surface observational systems standard instrumentsj in ocean areas using the Voluntary Observing Ship (c) To be prepared to certify the instruments' Scheme, buoys and suitable fixed platformsj conformity with the standards with refer­ (2) Consider the possibility of deploying ASAP sys­ ence to WMO recommendationsj tems on ships and ASDARs or other automated (d) To organize instrument evaluations and data collection systems on aircraft flying suitable comparisons, following standard methodsj routes over the oceanj (e) To advise Members of the Region on their (3) Examine the communication facilities and data enquiries regarding instrument performance quality-control procedures to ensure that the and the availability of relevant guidance data are of high quality and received at the data­ materialj processing centres in a timely fashionj (1) To help WMO organize symposia or seminars (4) Examine the existing observing systems and, on the maintenance, calibration and com­ where appropriate, implement improvements in parison of meteorological instruments, by data quality, quantity and timelinessj providing laboratory and field installations, as (5) Consider all possibilities to support the continued well as assistance with regard to demonstration operation of Ocean Weather Ship Cj eqUipment and expert advicej REQUESTS the coordinator of the Subgroup on the (g) To keep a library of books and periodicals on Regional Aspects of the Global Observing System to instrument theory and practicesj keep abreast of developments in the implementation (h) To cooperate with other Regional Instru­ of this resolution by Members and to report to the ment Centres to provide standardization of Working Group on Planning and Implementation of . meteorological instrumentsj the WWW in Region VI. INVITEs Franceto implement these functions as soon as possible and inform Members of RA VI on the services and functions provided.

Resolution 4 (X-RA VI) REGIONAL INSTRUMENT CENTRE Resolution 14 (X-RA VI) REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPOSITE OPERA­ NOTING Recommendatio.n 19 (CIMO-IX) - Establish­ TIONAL GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM ment of Regional Instrument Centres, CONSIDERING: REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (1) The need for regular calibration and maintenance NOTING: of meteorological instruments to meet increasing (1) Resolution 11 (EC-XLI) - Development of a needs for high quality meteorological and hydro­ global operational ocean observing system, logical data, (2) IOC Assembly Resolution XV-4 - Global (2) The requirements of Members in the Region for integrated ocean observing system development, standardization of meteorological instruments, CONSIDERING: (3) The need for international instrument compar­ (1) That operational global monitoring of the heat isons and evaluations, and salinity content of the upper ocean, sea level RESOLUTION 16 69

and surface meteorological variables (pressure, (3) To provide appropriate assistance to developing temperature, wind) is essential to climate moni­ countries to enable them to contribute also to the toring, research and prediction, implementation of the ocean observing systemj (2) That operational global monitoring of ocean (4) To increase support for international cooperative surface meteorological and oceanographic activities related to the implementation and main­ variables is also essential to the provision of tenance of the ocean observing system, such as marine meteorological services and of importance those of the Drifting Buoy Cooperation Panel and to other aspects of operational meteorology and the IGOSS ship-of-opportunity programmej oceanography, (5) To make available their Coast Earth Stations for (3) That existing marine meteorological and physical the reception of data from voluntary observing oceanographic data are insufficient to meet the ships through satellite-based telecommunications established requirements of the WCRP and the systems. wwW for such data, (4) That substantial proportions of the existing ele­ ments of the global ocean observing system are funded through various research projects and may therefore disappear with the termination of these Resolution 18 (X-RA VI) research projects, IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECOGNIZING that the full implementation of a global METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN ocean observing system will require the substantial THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF REGION VI commitment of additional resources to augment exist­ ing observing system elements such as the VOS, ASAP, REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), drifting buoys and the IGOSS BATHY/TESAC opera­ NOTING: tional programme, in particular for data-sparse areas of (1) Resolution 33 (VIII-RA VI) - UNDP Inter-country the tropical and southern hemisphere oceans, projects in Europe, RESOLVES (1) (b), RECOGNIZING FURTHER that all WMO programmes and CONSIDERING: Members will benefit substantially through the imple­ (1) The urgent need for the Region to improve the mentation of such a system and the increases in oper­ data availability from the south-eastern part of ational meteorological and oceanographic data which RA VI, will result, (2) The wish of Members concerned to upgrade for URGES Members: this purpose the meteorological telecommunica­ (1) To assist, as appropriate, in the design and tions in this part of Region VI, development of an operational global ocean (3) The phased plan prepared by the WMO Secretariat observing system in support of the requirements for the up-grading of the GTS, for ocean data of global climate monitoring, INVITES: research and prediction, as well as those of the (1) The Secretary-General to accord high priority to WWW and IGOSSj the project of "Up-grading of RTH Sofia and (2) To seek the additional resources necessary to aug­ Meteorological Telecommunications in NlvfC's ment existing ocean observing system elements within its Zone of Responsibility" under vep and and to implement new ones according to system UNDP regional projects; specifications to be detailed in the system imple­ (2) Members of RA VI to contribute to the realization mentation planj of the project in conformity with their possibilities. RECOMMENDATIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

RECOMMENDATION 1 (XI-RA VI)

REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TRAINING CENTRE (RMTC) IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERAT10N

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), (2) The availability at the above institutions of the NOTING: necessary premises, training equipment, student (1) Paragraph 8.12 of the general summary of EC-XLV, recreational facilities, modem computer technology, (2) The requirements for education, training and re- and laboratories for the reception and computerised training of hydrometeorologists in the Region, with processing of hydrometeorological satellite informa­ its traditional links between educational and scien­ tion, as well as an ocean training-expedition base tific institutions, and the need for qualified and training ships, personnel for maintaining the hydrometeorological (3) That the above institutions also meet the other network and for sCientific/operational work, WMO criteria for RMTCs, (3) The reqUirements for training hydrometeorologists NOTING WITH SATISFACTION the proposal of the Russian for the Hydrometeorological Services in the Newly Federation to host an RMTC for RA VI and interested Independent States in Europe and the long experi­ countries from neighbouring Regions, ence of the Russian educational establishments in RECOMMENDS: Moscow and St Petersburg in training hydro­ (1) That the proposal of the Russian Federation to host meteorologists at all WMO levels of qualification an RMTC . based on three institutions, namely the from Regions I (Africa), II (Asia), III (South America) Advanced Training Institute, the Moscow Hydro­ and IV (North and Central America), meteorological College (both located near Moscow), CONSIDERING: and the Russian State Hydrometeorological Institute (1) The availability of highly-qualified professional (located in St Petersburg) be accepted; instructors, training facilities and scientific (2) That EC-XLVI establish an RMTC in the Russian methodology for training in the main scientific Federation, following the completion of all the subjects and rudiments of meteorology, hydrology established procedures for designating an RMTC; and oceanology in such Russian institutions as the (3) That the Russian Federation take the necessary Advanced Training Institute, the Moscow Hydro­ action, in accordance with the relevant decisions of meteorological College and the Russian State EC-XLVI (1994) for the establishment of the new Hydrometeorological Institute, in which hundreds RMTC, and inform RA VI Members of the functions of WMO fellows have already been trained, . and services provided by the Centre.

RECOMMENDATION 2 (XI-RA VI) REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TRAINING CENTRE (RMTC) IN ISRAEL

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI (EUROPE), NOTING: the 1960s as one of the first joint projects between (1) With appreciation the kind offer of Israel to host an Israel and the World Meteorological Organization, RMTC on the basis of the existing established and that Israel undertook to use its facilities to train Training School at Bet Dagan, Israel, staff of other Meteorological Services and to share (2) That this school provided postgraduate courses in its experience in the field of applied meteorology, applied meteorology in English, which should meet (2) That the Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) has the training needs of Member States in RA VI, as well as long-standing (over 27 years) experience in transfer of developing countries in other Regions, of technology and know-how to developing coun­ CONSIDERING: tries, mainly by organizing training courses in Israel, (1) That the Central Meteorological Institute of Bet as well as mobile courses in agricultural and applied Dagan (Israel) was established in the beginning of meteorology in other countries, RECOMMENDATION 2 71

(3) That during the last few years Israel has hosted logical Training Centre (RMTC) for applied meteorology, four international postgraduate courses in each of especially for semi-arid climatic conditions, near Bet which 120 participants took part annually and organ­ Dagan, with courses in the English language at postgrad­ izes four mobile training courses annually in uate level for RA VI and interested countries from other developing countries themselves in which 120-180 Regions, participants take part, (4) That the international postgraduate courses given by RECOMMENDS: the Israel Meteorological Service in cooperation with (1) That the proposal of Israel to host an RMTC at Bet other scientific institutions consist of lectures, exer­ Dagan, be accepted; cises, demonstrations and field trips for a duration (2) That EC-XLVI establish an RMTC in Israel, following of four to six weeks and that the Central Library and the completion of all the established procedures for all the facilities of the Meteorological Institute are at designating an RMTC; the disposal of the partiCipants, (3) That Israel take the necessary action, in accordance NOTING WITH SATISFACTION the proposal of the Israel with the relevant decision of EC-XLVI (1994) for the Meteorological Service, in cooperation with the Ministry establishment of the new RMTC, and inform RA VI of Foreign Affairs, Department for International Members of the functions and services provided by Cooperation ("MASHAV"), to host a Regional Meteoro- the centre. ANNEXES

ANNEX I Annex to paragraph 4.4.21 of the general summary

REQUIREMENTS PUT ON THE REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS

1. The existing store-and-forward telecommunica­ 2. The outline requirements for the new system, tion network which supports operational meteorology which may be called the Regional Meteorological Data in Europe does not satisfy all the current and expected Communication Network (RMDCN) to distinguish it requirements of the Members of Regional Association VI from the existing RMTN, are as follows: (RA VI). The present RMTN has a series of deficiencies: (a) Within the RMDCN, the observations for regional (a) The network plan, as agreed by RA VI, is imper- exchange shall be collected and then disseminated fectly implemented, particularly in the south-east to every Member within the time required. of the Region. The quality of service which the Sufficient resilience must be built into the RMDCN existing RM1N gives to Members varies greatly to ensure that this requirement is always achieved; across the Region; Comment: (b) X.2S communication procedures, which permit Timeliness should be quantified - e.g. a maximum binary data to be exchanged, are not implemented of 15 minutes from an NMC making data available on all links, thereby limiting the distribution of until the time the last Member receives that data. some observation and product types; The traffic profile, particularly the peak flow, must (c) It is difficult to arrange bilateral exchanges be quantified. Similar comments apply below; between non-adjacent centres. In practice, a num­ (b) The observations imported from other Regions via the ber of bilaterally agreed circuits have been installed MTN shall be disseminated to every Member within between various centres to by-pass bottlenecks, the time reqUired. Observations for export shall be thereby adding significant costs; presented to the M1N within the same time frame as (d) There are more RTHs in Europe than are really for dissemination within the Region; needed to carry out the collection and distribution (c) The products from RSMCs within the Region, of data efficiently; which are agreed for regional exchange, shall be (e) There is insufficient capacity to take new products disseminated to all Members within the agreed from the RSMCs to all the NMCs. The lack of capa­ timeframe after presentation at the communi­ city may be in transmission or switching. Where cation node serving each RSMC. Arrangements today a link may have a data rate of 9.6 Kbit/s, in a must exist for import and export of products, as in few years time it should have a rate of 64 Kbit/s, the case of observations; taking into account the rapid growth in volume of Comment: data and timely delivery reqUirements; 'fhe traffic profile must be quantified, particularly (f) The overlay of expanding commercial activities the twice-daily peak flow. Short-period forecasts (e.g. under the proposed ECOMET agreement) (up to T + 36 for example) must be disseminated upon the RM1N may be difficult because insuffi­ within one hour (?) of completion of the forecast cient transmission capacity may exist between the process; partners or an intervening RTH may not be party to (d) The RMDCN must be capable of delivering binary the commercial agreement; dah(~l'ldproducts to every Member. Binary objects (g) Requirements for non-real-time data eXChange in of all sizes used in the WWW must be handled support of WMO and other programmes cannot be efficiently; accommodated, even when spare capacity is available Comment: at some periods of the day; Examples of binary objects are: (h) The addition of new functions (e.g. interactive access CRIB bulletin -10 KB to a server, ad hoc any-to-any messaging, file transfer, T4 Chart -SOKB etc.) to the existing network appears to be a problem; BUFRfile -lO-S00KB (I) The existing network is very expensive to operate, Satellite data - up to 2 MB particularly in relation to the data throughput which Correct (Le. error free) delivery of the data must be is achieved on many of the circuits. guaranteed; . ANNEX I 73

(e) The RMDCN shall meet a variety of other needs for (k) The RMDCN must be implemented in a cost­ real-time data exchange between Members, includ­ effective manner; ing the needs of WMO programmes other than the Comment: WWW and of non-WMO programmes as agreed The target is to achieve better performance than between WMO and other organizations; that of the existing RMTN at lower cost. All Comment: Members should benefit from this improvement It is assumed that these other needs do not constitute and lowering of cost; more than 10 per cent of the total data exchange; (1) The RMDCN must use, wherever pOSSible, estab­ larger requirements must be explicitly stated; lished and 'open' standardized data communica­ (f) Selected non-real-time data exchange could also be tion techniques; carried at lower priority to take advantage of spare Comment: capacity available at some periods of the day. OSI (e.g. X.2S, etc.) and Internet (TCP/IP family) Carriage of such data must not interfere with time­ protocols are acceptable; liness of delivery of real-time data; (m) The RMDCN shall be a managed service. At any Comment: one time, a deSignated centre will have visibility An example of non-real-time data is GCOS data; of the whole service and will act to ensure (g) The RMDCN shall meet the requirements estab­ conformance to the agreed performance criteria. lished for WWW Data Management purposes; However, there must not be one dominant centre. Comment: The RMDCN shall also be managed in the sense Examples are access to metadata, access to distrib­ that RA VI will establish the longer-term goals and uted databases; set up a management mechanism to achieve those (h) The RMDCN must conform to the relevant stand­ goals; ards of CBS so that the global telecommunication (n) The cost of the RMDCN shall be shared equitably system works harmoniously. In particular the among the Members of RA VI, taking due account RMDCN must interface with the MTN and pass of Members' abilities and requirements; MTN traffic as required. The RMDCN must also (0) The evolution from the existing RMTN to the provide a standard interface with National RMDCN must be achieved without disruption and Meteorological Telecommunication Networks; with at least the same level of service as is achieved J (i) The level of service to every Member shall meet or by the existing system. Members must be able to exceed defined criteria; choose for themselves the 'intercept point' at which Comment: they become full participants in the RMDCN; For example: availability, equality of access, sup­ Comment: port services. Suppliers will be expected to give It is suggested that the intercept could be made support (e.g. maintenance) to every NMC where within a window of five years, for example their eqUipment is installed; 1996-2001. This will allow Members to adjust their (j) The RMDCN must be flexible in several ways. technical strategy and obtain good value from Firstly, it must be able to accommodate changing recent investments. Advice to Members must be requirements for regional data exchange; secondly, given to guide them in modifying their technical it must be possible for two or more Members who strategy, e.g. to include better use of X.2S tech­ agree on bi/multilateral data eXChange to be served niques, use of binary products including T4, access by the RMDCN, on the understanding that addi­ to Packet-switching Public Data Network (PSPDN) tional costs ariSing are borne by the Members con­ and Integrated Services Data Network (ISDN) ser­ cerned without involving other NMCs; vices and connection to satellite broadcasts; Comment: (P) The RMDCN must be secure; For example, a group of Members may need to Comment: exchange data in support of a shared limited area The system must be protected against improper model; access or disruption.

*

* * 74 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

ANNEX II . Annex to paragraph 4.6.3 of the general summary

GUIDELINES FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECTS PROVIDING COMPUTER·BASED SYSTEMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WWW COMPONENTS AND FACILITIES

Computer-based systems or sub~systems, (d) The data handling should comprise functions for which are planned to be installed in developing WMO binary representation forms, or should be countries for the implementation of WWW com­ designed in such a way that the software modules ponents and facilities through technical cooperation necessary for this purpose can be easily incorpor­ projects, should be designed in compliance with the ated at a later date when requiredj following guidelines regarding data exchange and train­ (e) Computer-based systems should include appropri­ ing support: ate user manuals and guides which may be accom­ (a) . The computer system interfaces should comply panied by computer-based training packages with ISO/CCITT standardsj (tutorials) with a view to assisting the user in oper­ (b) GTS bulletins should be the standard format for atingand applying the system; and data exchange between computer systems and sub­ (f) Training courses should be organized at centres systems for telecommunication, data handling and equipped with the appropriate systems for users of data-processing functionsj computer systems installed under technic:ll co­ (c) The software should be written in a modular way operation projects. In this context, the role of the with a view to simplifying the software main­ RMTCs for conducting refresher courses for com­ tenance to be carried out in the fieldj puter users should be strengthened.

ANNEX III Annex to paragraph 7.4.14 of the general summary PORT METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER (PMO)

. RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING ACTIVITIES, TRAINING AND GIDDANCE, SHIP REPORTING, PUBLICATIONS, l\10NlTORING MID SER.Vl;CES DEVELOPED BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR/WORKSHOP. FOR PMOs

PMO ACTIVITIES those PMOs who are physically located in or near to port 1. PMOs should continue and enhance two-way areas, fbr distribution to all PMOs for their assistance in liaison with port and harbour authorities and with international contact and liaison. associations of ships' officers as a means of improving 7. National Meteorological Services andWMO the effiCiency and effectiveness. of their work. should cooperate to prepare and publishadvemsements 2. PMOs should increase their efforts to recruit deep- in marine magazines (and also in Ocean Voice) aimed at ocean fishing vessels as VOS. recruiting additional VOS. . 3. PMOs should, whenever pOSSible, cooperate with 8. Concern was expressed at the withdrawal of the and assist oceanographers in the management of the dedicated PMO from Rotterdam, one of the largest ports .IGOSS ships-of-opportunity programme. in the world. The workshop strongly recommended to 4. PMOs should emphasize to·ships'officers the the Netherlands to re-establish this position. importance of making and reporting observations from 9. PMOs should recruit to their vas fleets ships of all all ocean areas, including especially those in the south- flags, not just those on national registers. '. ern hemisphere, where the timeliness of data reporting is also important. National MeteorolOgical Services are TRAINING AND GUIDANCE encouraged to request their VOS to make and report 1. INMARSAT is urged to prepare and publish its pro­ observations, not just in waters of national interest, but posed Guide to the use of SafetyNET as soon as whenever possible during their voyages. possible. S. PMO positions should be established as 2. INMARSAT and WMO should jointly prepare and specialized, dedicated posts within national publish an information brochure for distribution Meteorological Services and not combined with other by PMOs to the VOS on the use of INMARSAT activities. for transmitting meteorological and oceanographic 6. WMO should prepare an easy reference guide to reports, to include also the use of the two-digit existing PMOs, including, if pOSSible, information on address codes and information on the availability of ANNEX III 75 various facilities at CES and within different makes of SHIP REPORTS ON THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SES. SYSTEM 3. IMO, IMARSAT and WMO are encouraged to con­ 1. National Meteorological Services are urged to adhere duct short training courses on the use of INMARSAT to WMO regulations regarding the geographical grouping facilities, including for the transmission of meteoro­ of SHIP reports into bulletins for GTS distribution. logical information. 2. Where relevant, national MeteorolOgical Services 4. WMO and national Meteorological Services are are urged to modify their message processing software so strongly encouraged to prepare and conduct one-to-two as to allow acceptance of all SHIP reports (for compilation week hands-on training courses for PMOs. These should into bulletins), whether or not they are prefixed by be regionally organized and given separately in English, BBXX in transmission from the ship. French and Spanish. PuBLICATIONS 5. WMO should give consideration to holding regu­ 1. National Meteorological Services and their PMOs lar international PMO seminars, such as the present are encouraged to submit articles and information for one, at four-year intervals. publication in journals for mariners, such as those of 6. National Meteorological Services are encouraged France, UK and USA, in return for copies of the journals to make efforts to educate fishermen (particularly and reprints. artisanal and near-shore) in the meaning and use of 2. National Meteorological Services publishing available weather information. journals for mariners are encouraged to distribute these 7. The role of PMOs in helping to train ships' journals to PMO supervisors in other countries. officers in meteorological/oceanographic observing practices was re-emphasized. MONITORING 8. WMO was requested to consider updating 1. The quality-control monitoring results for SHIP and re-publishing the technical report on the inter­ reports are very valuable for improving ships' observa­ pretation and use of weather information by mariners. tions and should be followed-up by PMOs. 2. The monitoring of marine user response to meteorological services should be continued. Results OBSERVING PRACTICES AND EQUIPMENT should be made available to PMOs and to users. 1. CMM should establish a small working group (two 3. National MeteorolOgical Services should undertake or three members) to assist the CMM rapporteur to comparisons of observations transmitted by VOS versus study the whole question of standardization of marine observations received in NMCs and report consolidated observing practices and equipment. This working group national results to WMO for follow-up. should develop relevant guidance and, if appropriate, conduct instrument intercomparisons, in cooperation SERVICES with CIMO. 1. Better coverage is required in the Indian Ocean, 2. WMO and PMOs. should widely publicize existing south-west Atlantic and south-east Pacific. guidance on marine instrument siting, exposure, main­ 2. National Meteorological Services should strictly tenance, etc. observe published transmission schedules and regularly 3. Efforts should be increased to expand the automa­ update information on broadcasts in WMO and other tion of observations and data transmission on board publications available to users. ships. 3. Facsimile (or other graphical) weather transmis­ 4. PMOs should, where pOSSible, provide ships with sions are regarded as essential by mariners and must be facilities for shipboard computation of various para­ continued. meters, e.g. true wind, Td, etc. These facilities include 4. National Meteorological Services transmitting fac­ dedicated calculators, PC software, etc. simile and/or SafetyNET weather information for ship­ 5. Developing countries are strongly urged to formu­ ping should consider including a short 'advertising' late and submit VCP requests for VOS eqUipment sets. note with each broadcast, pointing out the value of Developed countries are, in turn, urged to respond ships' observations (transmitted free of charge) to the favourably to these requests. preparation of the information.

APPENDIX A 77

3. REPRESENTATIVES OF MEMBERS OF WMO OUTSIDE Name Capacity Country REGION VI

Romania M.loana Principal delegate Country Name Capacity I. Barca Delegate Mexico M. Arriola (Ms) Observer Russian A. I. Bedritsky Principal delegate United States of R. C. Landis Observer Federation A. V. Karpov Delegate America A. A. Vasiliev Delegate I. Gamaiounov Delegate 4. REPRESENTATIVFS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Slovakia S. Skulec Principal delegate Organization Name M.Ondras Delegate B. Minarik Adviser United Nations Educational, U.Lie Scientific and Cultural Slovenia D.Hrcek Principal delegate Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Oceanographic U.Lie Spain M. Bautista Perez Principal delegate Commission (IOC) J. Segovia Alternate International Civil Aviation B. G. B. Barrefors A. Labajo Delegate Organization (ICAO) C. Martinez (Ms) Delegate V. Cerrajeria Delegate Baltic Experiment H.-J. Isemer A. Rodriguez Fontal Delegate International Society of E. Skaar J. PerezUoret Delegate Biometeorology (ISB)

Sweden H. Sandebring Principal delegate 5. LECTURERS J. Nilsson Alternate B. Machenhauer I. Udin Delegate J. Zielinski K. Gerdin Delegate Ch. S. Zerefos G. Wennerberg (Ms) Delegate 6. WMO SECRETARIAT Switzerland Th. Gutennann Principal delegate G. o. P. Obasi Secretary-General M.Haug Delegate D.N.Axford Deputy Secretary-General B. Schadler Delegate J. Rasmussen Director, World Weather Watch Department The Fonner V. Dirnitrievski Principal delegate V. Boldirev Director, World Climate Yugoslav I. Panov Delegate Programme Department Republic of J. Milevski Delegate F. Delsol Director, Atmospheric Macedonia Research and Environment Programme Department Ukraine V. M. Lipinsky Principal delegate R. A. de Guzman Director, Technical Cooperation Programme United J. c. R. Hunt Principal delegate Department Kingdom J. M. Nicholls Alternate S.Chacowry Special Assistant to the D.B.Shaw Delegate Secretary-General W. A. McIlveen Delegate D. Kraemer Chief, Hydrology Division P. Ryder Adviser E. Dar-Ziv (Ms) Chief, Conferences Unit APPENDIXB AGENDA Resolutions and Agenda item Documents recommendations adopted

1- OPENING OF THE SESSION PINK 2

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION PINK 1; PINK I, REV. 1 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials PINK 1; PINK I, REV. 1 2.2 Adoption of the agenda 1; 2; PINK 1; PINK I, REV. 1 2.3 Establishment of committees PINK 1; PINK I, REV. 1 2.4 Other organizational matters PINK 1; PINK I, REV. 1

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE AsSOCIATION 34; PINK 4

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS PINK 21 4.1 WWW status of implementation 16; 22; 22, ADD. 1; Res. 1 PINK 21 4.2 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 16; 16, ADD. 1; 17; Res. 2, 3 Observation Programme PINK 21 4.3 Data-processing system 16; PINK 21 4.4 Telecommunication system 16; 30; PINK 21 Res. 4, 5 4.5 Data management, including matters related to codes 16; PINK 21 4.6 WWW system support activities, including Operational 16; PINK 21 Information Service 4.7 WMO satellite activities 8; PINK 21 4.8 Emergency response activities 12; PINK 21 Res. 6

5. WORLD CUMATE PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS

5.1 General aspects of the World Climate Programme (WCP) 31; PINK 6 Res. 7 5.2 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 23; 37; PINK 11 5.3 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) 23; PINK 11 5.4 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 26; 39; PINK 7 Programme (WCIRP) 5.5 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and 9; PINK 8 developments in climate research in RA VI

5.6 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) '7; PINK 9

6. AJ:MOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - 28; 32; PINK 18 REGIONAL ASPECTS

6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) 28; 32; 33; PINK 18 Res. 8 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programmes 28; PINK 18 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme 28; PINK 18 6.4 Programme on the Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and 28; PINK 18 Weather Modification Research APPENDIX B 79

Resolutions and Agenda item Documents recommendations adopted

7. APPUCATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 7.1 Public Weather Services Programme (PWS) 10j PINK 3 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 21; 3Sj PINK 10 Res. 9 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme lSj PINK 29 7.4 .Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 6; 13; 14; PINK 12 Res. 10, 11, 12, 13 Programme

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RE.SOURCES PROGRAMME - 18; 20; PINK 26 Res. 14 REGIONAL ASPECTS

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMi! - REGIONAL ASPECIS 19; 19, REV. 1j Rec. 1,2 36; 38; PINK 5

10. TECHNICAL CooPERATION PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 2Sj PINK 24 Res. IS

11. LoNG TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS 3; PINK 27

12. PuBuc INFORMATION - REGIONAL ASPECTS 24; PINK 28

13. OrnER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES i 13.1 Internal matters of the Association 4; 4, ADD. 1; l PINK 20

13.2 Regional aspects of relations with other organizations, 29j PINK 13 programmes and activities

13.2.1 United Nations Conference on Environment and 11; PINK 19 Development (UNCED)

13.2.2 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 27j PINK 25

14. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS PINK 23

15. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5; PINK 22 Res. 16 OF THE AssOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE CoUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

16. ELECTION OF OFFICERS PINK 14; PINK 17

17. DATE AND PLACE OF THE NEXT SESSION PINK 15

18. CLoSURE OF THE SESSION PINK 16 APPENDIXC LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

I. 'IDOC" series

1 Provisional agenda 2.2

2 Explanatory memorandum relating to the provisional agenda 2.2

3 Long4erm ~planning - regional aspects n Secretary-General

4 Internal matters of the Association 13;1

5 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the 15 Secretary-General Association and

6 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Secretary"General Programme

7 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.6 Secretary-General

8 WMO satellite activities 4.7 Secretary-General Status of conversions of APT/WEFAX

9 The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5.5 Secretary-General

10 Public Weather Services Programme 7.1 Secretary-General

11 United Nations Conference on Environment and 13.2.1 Secretary-General Development (UNCED)

12 Emergency response activities 4.8 WMO Secretariat The role of WMO in the provision of meteorological support for emergency response to a nuclear accident or radiological emergency

13 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic 7.4 Rapporteur Activities Programme Report by the Rapporteur on the Climate of the Baltic Sea Basin

14 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic' 7.4 Rapporteur Activities Programme Report by the RA VI Rapporteur on Basic and Specialized Marine Meteorological Services

15 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Secretary-General APPENDIXC 81

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

16 World Weather Watch Programme - regional aspects 4 Secretary-General ADD.1

17 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods 4.2 Secretary-General of Observation Programme

18 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme - regional aspects 8 Chairman of the working group Report by the chairman of the RA VI Working Group on Hydrology

19 Education and Training Programme.....,. regional aspects 9 Secretary-General REV. 1

20 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme - regional aspects 8 Secretary-General

21 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Secretary-General

22 WWW status of implementation 4.1 Chairman of the working group Report of the work by the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region VI ADD. 1 4.1 and 4.2

23 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.2 and 5.3 Secretary-General World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP)

24 Public information - regional aspects 12 Secretary-General

25 Technical Co-operation Programme - regional aspects 10 Secretary-General

26 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 5.4 Rapporteur Programme (WCRIP) Report of the Rapporteur on Climate-related Matters with Special Reference to Climate Impacts

27 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 13.2.2 Secretary-General

28 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme - 6 Secretary-General regional aspects

29 Regional aspects of relations with other organizations, 13.2 Secretary-General programmes and activities Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

30 Telecommunication system 4.4 Secretary-General

31 General aspects of the World Climate Programme (WCP) 5.1 Secretary-General

32 Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) 6.1 Rapporteur Report of the Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone 82 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

33 Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) 6.1 Rapporteur Report of the Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch

34 Report by the president of the Association 3 President of RA VI

35 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Chairman·

36 Education and Training Programme - regional aspects 9 Russian Federation Designation of a new Regional Meteorological Training Centre in the Russian Federation

37 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.2 Rapporteur Report of the Rapporteur on Climate-related Matters with Special Reference to Regional Data Sets

38 Education and Training Programme - regional aspects 9 Israel Designation of a new Regional Meteorological Training Centre in Israel

39 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response 504 UNEP Strategies Programme (WCIRP)

II. "PINK" series

1 Organization of the session 2 President of RA VI REV. 1 2 President of RA VI

2 Opening of the session 1 President of RA VI

3 Public Weather Services Programme (PWS) 7.1 Co-chairman, Committee A

4. Report by the president of the Association 3 President of RA VI

5 Education and Training Programme - regional aspects 9 Co-chairman, Committee A

6 General aspects of the World Climate Programme (WCP) 5.1 Co-chairman, CommitteeB

7 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programmes (WCIRP) 5.4 Co-chairman, Committee B

8 World Climate Research Programme and developments in climate research in RA VI 5:5 Co-chairman, Committee B

9 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.6 Co-chairman, Committee B

10 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Co-chairman, Committee B

11 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme 5.2 and 5.3 Co-chairman, Committee B World Climate Applications and Services Programme APPENDIXC 83

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

12 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic 7.4 Co-chairman, Committee A Activities Programme

13 Regional aspects of relations with other organizations, 13.2 President of RA VI programmes and activities

14 Election of officers 16 Chairman, Nominations Committee

15 Date and place of the next session 17 President of RA VI

16 Closure of the session 18 President of RA VI

17 Election of officers 16 President of RA VI

18 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme - 6 Co-chairman, Committee A regional aspects

19 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 13.2.1 President of RA VI

20 Internal matters of the Association 13.1 President of RA VI

21 World Weather Watch Programme- regional aspects 4 Co-chairman, Committee A

22 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the 15 Rapporteur Association an"d of relevant Executive Council resolutions

23 Scientific lectures and discussions 14 President of RA VI

24 Technical Co-operation Programme - regional aspects 10 Co-chairman, Committee B

25 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 13.2.2 President of RA VI

26 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme 8 Co-chairman, Committee B

27 Long-term planning - regional aspects 11 Co-chairman, Committee A

28 Public information - regional aspects 12 Co-chairman, Committee B

29 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Co-chairman, Committee A