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Bull Trout Conservation Management Plan 2012-2017

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Bull Trout Conservation Management Plan 2012-2017 Bull Trout Conservation Management Plan 2012 - 2017 Alberta Conservation Management Plan No. 8 Bull Trout Conservation Management Plan 2012 -2017 Prepared by: Kerry Rees, Isabelle Girard, Dave Walty and David Christiansen March 2012 Publication No.: 1/604 ISBN: 978-1-4601-0230-5 (Printed Edition) ISBN: 978-1-4601-0231-2 (On-line Edition) ISSN: 1922-9976 (Printed Edition) ISSN: 1922-9984 (On-line Edition) Cover photos: Daryl Wig, David Christiansen For copies of this report, contact: Fish and Wildlife Division Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2nd Floor, 9920 108 St. Edmonton, Alberta Canada T5K 2M4 OR Visit our web site at: http://srd.alberta.ca/BioDiversityStewardship/SpeciesAtRisk/Default.aspx This publication may be cited as: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2012. Bull Trout Conservation Management Plan 2012 - 17. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Species at Risk Conservation Management Plan No. 8. Edmonton, AB, 90 pp. ii PREFACE Albertans are fortunate to share their province with a diversity of wild species. A small number of these species are classified as Species of Special Concern because they have characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events. Special conservation measures are necessary to ensure that these species do not become Endangered or Threatened. Conservation management plans are developed for Species of Special Concern to provide guidance for land and resource management decisions that affect the species and their habitat. These plans are intended to be a resource tool for Sustainable Resource Development - Fish and Wildlife Division (SRD-FWD) and for provincial and regional land and resource management staff. Conservation management plans provide background information including species biology, threats to species and habitat, and inventory/monitoring history. Plans also provide a goal, objectives, and actions (management recommendations). Management recommendations are typically categorised into inventory and monitoring needs; habitat management and conservation; education and communication; and additional management considerations as required. Conservation management plans are generally prepared by an SRD-FWD biologist who has been designated as the provincial species lead. Writers from outside SRD-FWD are occasionally sought to prepare plans for species for which there is little in-house expertise. In order to ensure accuracy and utility, each plan is reviewed by a species expert and a designated provincial representative from SRD Forestry Division and/or Lands Division. In some cases there may be additional reviewers from staff, industry, and other agencies. In this case, the opportunity to review the draft plan was extended to all First Nations in Alberta. Conservation management plans are internal guidance documents. They are implemented under the guidance of the species lead and are “living” documents that can be revised at any time as required. Conservation management plans are generally more succinct than the recovery plans that are prepared for Endangered and Threatened species and do not involve participation of a multi-stakeholder team. Conservation management plans are approved by the Director of Wildlife and/or Director of Fisheries. Plans will be reviewed annually by the species lead and updated if necessary, and a more in-depth review will occur five years after a plan’s approval. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE........................................................................................................................ III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………..... IX 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROVINCIAL AND NATIONAL STATUS........................................................................ 1 2.0 SPECIES BIOLOGY.................................................................................................. 2 2.1 CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 2 2.2 DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................... 2 2.3 LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITATS .................................................................................. 4 2.4 REPRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 6 2.5 REARING .................................................................................................................... 6 2.6 POPULATION STRUCTURE........................................................................................... 7 2.7 MINIMUM VIABLE POPULATION............................................................................... 10 3.0 POPULATION MONITORING ............................................................................. 11 3.1 LONG-TERM COMPARISON OF BULL TROUT DATA..................................................... 11 3.2 PROVINCIAL SCALE.................................................................................................. 11 3.3 WATERSHED SCALE ................................................................................................. 12 3.4 SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 20 4.0 POPULATION STATUS AND RISK ASSESSMENT ......................................... 21 5.0 LIMITING FACTORS............................................................................................ 30 5.1 HABITAT FRAGMENTATION...................................................................................... 30 5.2 STREAM FLOW REGIME............................................................................................ 32 5.3 SEDIMENTATION ...................................................................................................... 34 5.4 STREAM TEMPERATURE............................................................................................ 35 5.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 36 5.6 INTRODUCED SPECIES .............................................................................................. 37 5.7 NATURAL AND ANGLING MORTALITY ..................................................................... 39 6.0 RECENT CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT EFFORTS...................... 41 7.0 CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES & ACTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 47 7.1 OBJECTIVE 1: HABITAT MAINTENANCE .................................................................. 47 7.2 OBJECTIVE 2: FISH POPULATION MANAGEMENT...................................................... 50 7.3 OBJECTIVE 3: FISHING OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................... 54 7.4 OBJECTIVE 4: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT....................................................................... 55 9.0 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 57 iv 10.0 APPENDICES......................................................................................................... 64 APPENDIX 1. SHORT-TERM TREND CATEGORY DESCRIPTIONS ................................. 65 APPENDIX 2. BULL TROUT-SPECIFIC ANGLING CLOSURES...................................... 656 Appendix 3. Summary of Bull Trout Public Education and Awareness Efforts 1994 - 2010 ……………………………………………………………………………67 APPENDIX 4. BULL TROUT CLASS A AND B WATERBODIES – WATER ACT CODES OF PRACTICE ................................................................................................................. …69 APPENDIX 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BULL TROUT WORK DONE IN ALBERTA SINCE 1994…………………………………………………………………………………...74 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Current and historical bull trout range in Alberta (also appears in Rodtka, 2009). ..........................................................................................................................3 Figure 2. Bull trout metapopulation structure and admixture rates between and within three core areas (archipelagos) and seven subpopulations (local populations) in the Oldman River basin (Modified from Warnock, 2008). .............................................. 9 Figure 3. Spatial distribution and conservation ranking of Alberta’s 51 bull trout core areas using method by Fredenberg et al. 2005.......................................................... 23 Figure 4. Conservation ranking of Alberta’s 51 bull trout core areas using method by Fredenberg et al. 2005............................................................................................... 23 Figure 5(a) Alberta bull trout core area conservation status, 2009. Rankings based on conservation ranking protocol from Fredenberg et al. (2005). (b) Short term trends for Alberta bull trout core areas (n = 47). Extirpated and unranked core areas excluded. (c) Estimated recovery potential for bull trout core areas (n = 51). ......... 24 Figure 6. Logistic regression models of the predicted probability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occurrence. (a) Percentage of the sub-basin subjected to forest harvesting and (b) Density of roads in the Kakwa River basin (Extracted from Ripley et al. 2005)....................................................................................................
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