Curatorial > VARIATIONS

With this section, RWM continues a line of programmes devoted to exploring the complex map of sound art from VARIATIONS different points of view organised in curatorial series.

"Variation" is the formal term for a musical composition based on a previous musical work, and many of those traditional methods (changing the key, meter, rhythm, harmonies or tempi of a piece) are used in much the same manner today by sampling musicians. But the practice of #3 sampling is more than a simple modernization or expansion of the number of options available to those who seek their The Approach inspiration in the refinement of previous composition. The history of this music traces nearly as far back as the advent The third episode takes us through the seventies. The avant-garde finally crosses of recording, and its emergence and development mirrors the the line into wholesale plundering of commercial pop music, and the pop increasingly self-conscious relationship of society to its disciplines of disco and dub become increasingly comfortable with manipulating experience of music. Starting with the precedents achieved released music into new forms, narrowing the divide between art and pop by Charles Ives and John Cage, VARIATIONS will present an practices. Featured composers include Bernard Parmegiani, Ruth Anderson, overview of the major landmarks in Sampling Music, William S. Burroughs, The Residents and Holger Czukay. following examples in 20th century composition, folk art and commercial media through to the meeting of all those threads in the present day. 01. Summary

Curated by Jon Leidecker. As the 60's came to a close, the progressive optimism of World music collages were met and tempered by a new strain of self-examination and critique.

Composers shifted away from using obscure, generic, or safely public domain PDF Contents: sources for their pieces, and began to work with instantly recognizable samples 01. Summary from commercial pop music on a much wider scale. As the focus turned from 02. Playlist global to cultural, Utopian visions gave way to a pragmatic sense of musical 03. Selected bibliography research and development.This episode documents the collages of the 70's that 04. Selected links began demolishing the distinctions between art and popular music, from concrète 05. Acknowledgments to dub to disco to the attention-deficit-disordering world of FM radio. 04. Copyright note

02. Playlist Jon Leidecker was born in 1970 in Washington D.C. to two physicists. Since 1990 he has performed appropriative collage music under the psuedonym Wobbly, aiming for 010101 Bernard Parmegiani "Pop'eclectic", 1969 (under narration) extended narratives spun from spontaneous yet coherent 02 Bernard Parmegiani "Du pop a l'ane", 1969 030303 Luc Ferrari "Music Promenade", 1969 multi-sample polyphony. Selected recent works are freely 04 Luc Ferrari "Presque Rien", 1970 (under narration) available online. http://detritus.net/wobbly/ 050505 François Bayle "Solitioude", 1969 06 Frank Zappa "Nasal Retentive Calliope Music", 1968 (under narration) 070707 Can "Prehistoric Future", 1968 (under narration) 080808 Holger Czukay & Rolf Dammers "Canaxis", 1968 (under narration) 090909 Holger Czukay & Rolf Dammers "Boat Woman Song", 1968 101010 Jon Appleton "Chef d'ouevre", 1967 (under narration) 111111 J.O. Mallander "In Reality", 1970 121212 Thunderboy (Ted Conrad recorded by Tony Conrad) "Let My", 1973 (under narration) 131313 M.O.O.T. "Music Of Our Time (Columbia Records Promotional Single)", 1967 14 Lukas Foss "Phorion", 1968 (under narration) 15 Luciano Berio "Sinfonia" (third movement), 1969 161616 Richard Trythall "Ommagio A Jerry Lee Lewis", 1975 171717 Ruth Anderson "SUM (State of the Union Message)", 1973 181818 Ruth Anderson "DUMP", 1970 19 Glenn Gould "Dialogues on the Prospect of Recording", 1965 20 Glenn Gould "The Well-Tempered Clavier Book 1, Fugue in A Minor", 1965 (under narration) 21 Glenn Gould "Stokowski - A Portrait For Radio ('Divorced From The West?')", 1971

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222222 The Residents "Swastikas on Parade", 1976 (under narration) 23 The Residents "Beyond the Valley of a Day in the Life", 1976 242424 Henry Cow "Live in Trondheim" (section five), 1976 25 Orchid Spangiafora "Flee Past's Ape Elf", 1978 (under narration) 26 Orchid Spangiafora "Dime Operation", 1978 272727 King Tubby & Friends "Dub Investigation", 1977 (under narration) 22282888 DJ Francis Grasso (mix recreation): Chicago - "I'm A Man" (1970) + Led Zeppelin "Whole Lotta Love" (1969) (under narration) 282828 Double Exposure "Ten Percent (Walter Gibbons mix)", 1976 (under narration) 292929 Bunny Sigler "By The Way You Dance (mixed by Larry Levan)", 1979 (under narration) 303030 Drake-Chenault Radio Documentary "Mark Ford Interview", 1977 313131 Drake-Chenault Enterprises (Mark Ford, engineer) "Rock and Roll Timesweep, 1970's", 1977 323232 WKRP in Cincinnati "The Contest Nobody Could Win", 1979 333333 Can "Musik Extra 3 (Live TV)", 1977 (under narration) 343434 Can "Animal Waves", 1977 35 Holger Czukay "Cool In The Pool", 1979 36 Holger Czukay "Persian Love", 1979

03. Selected bibliography [Mark Ford]

Carey, Rob. "History of Orchid Spangiafora", online article, http://www.orchidspangiafora.com/old/old/history.html Conrad, Tony. Liner notes to "Thuunderboy", CD, Table of the Elements, 2003 Cutler, Chris. liner notes to "Henry Cow: The Road", CD Box Set, ReR Megacorp, 2009 Goldman, Albert. "Disco", Hawthorn Books, Inc., New York, 1978 Gould, Glenn. "The Prospects of Recording", High Fidelity Magazine, vol. 16 no. 4, pp.46-63, 1966 Gross, Jason. "Holger Czukay Interview", Perfect Sound Forever, 1997 (http://www.furious.com/perfect/holger.html ) Wikipedia, "Drake-Chenault Enterprises", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake- Chenault Kampmann, Wolf & Hildegard Schmidt. "CAN BOX: BOOK", Medium Music Books, 1998.

[Holger Czukay] 04. Selected links

Luciano Berio, "Sinfonia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_(Berio)

Ruth Anderson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Anderson

Glenn Gould, "The Prospects of Recording" http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/glenngould/028010-502.1-e.html

Orchid Spangiafora http://www.orchidspangiafora.com/old/old/history.html

The Residents http://www.residents.com/

DJ Francis Grasso http://ped111251.tripod.com/francis.htm

Drake-Chenault Enterprises http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake-Chenault

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Drake-Chenault http://www.drakechenault.org/special.html

Rock and Roll Timesweep http://www.some-assembly-required.net/blog/2008/08/hugo-keesing.html

Holger Czukay http://www.furious.com/perfect/holger.html

Music of Our Time - a guide to the electronic revolution in music http://www.johncage.info/cdlabels/columbiamt1.html

05. Acknowledgments

For their correspondence, discussions, help and permissions, heartfelt thanks are being sent the way of Ruth Anderson, Annea Lockwood, Jon Nelson, Hugo Keesing, Joe Campas, Mark Gunderson, Doug Harvey, Mark Hosler, Peter Conheim, Chuck Eddy, Rick and Megan Prelinger, Matthew Curry, Sònia López, and Anna Ramos.

[The Residents] 06. Copyright note

2009. All rights reserved. © by the respective authors and publishers

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders; any errors or omissions are inadvertent, and will be corrected whenever it's possible upon notification in writing to the publisher.

[François Bayle, Pierre Schaeffer, Bernard Parmegiani]

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